8 science theses that shook the world

[@erictaylor5462]

Paul Dirac was amazing. Crazy shy, but brilliant AF. I love that he just included a random drawing of a candle.

[@DiabloNemes]

Did u know him???

[@thechessplayer8328]

In science one tries to tell people, in such a way as to be understood by everyone, something that no one ever knew before. But in poetry, it’s the exact opposite.

[@robertopacheco2943]

@@thechessplayer8328 ja,ja,ja!...

[@OscarFelipe]

that is nuts: 27 pages, only 2 citations and inventing a new field: Nash's PHD's thesis 11:01

[@Sam_on_YouTube]

One of them was the main textbook in the field. The other was his own 1 page paper published earlier in the same year. The 1 page paper, in turn, also had 2 citations. One is a different edition of the same textbook and the other is for a theorem he actually used to make his conclusion. So 1 real citation, which isn't even mentioned in the main paper.

[@OscarFelipe]

@@Sam_on_KZbin Wow, that is hugely remarkable

[@CliffHanger-fg6uy]

Well, he didn’t invent the field of game theory. That came earlier in work by Von Neumann and Morgenstern, which Nash cited.

[@RobertoCarlos-tn1iq]

but the other citation was from someone who towers over nash intellectually.

[@Sam_on_YouTube]

@@CliffHanger-fg6uy But he didn't cite them for anything of substance. He cited them simply because they created the field. It's like citing Einstein in a paper on General Relativity for the phrase "general relativity." I mean, yeah, he coined it and yeah, he was a genius, but it isn't really something you're relying on his paper for.

[@ashutoshsolanki3637]

As a Computer Science Student, Claude Shannon is my GOAT.

[@salomonmetre2117]

Same here !!

[@markdatko4832]

Complementary to the near contemporary work of Alan Turing

[@likebot.]

And still, you have to marvel that Ada Lovelace had developed software even before this discipline was created. I marvel at these geniuses who are decades before their times while 'normal' folk like us would look on them as off-their-rockers.

[@thechessplayer8328]

I'm more of a Chaitin guy myself.

[@markdatko4832]

@@thechessplayer8328 I'm the Aleph and Omega 😃

[@danhoenn]

The fact that your content is able to SO consistently live at the intersection of STEM interests and ASMR is the reason i subscribed and it’s such a pleasure to see this continue. Amazing work

[@Gedanken.Experiment]

Two honorable mentions: Louis de Broglie: In his PhD thesis he postulated the wave nature of electrons and suggested that all matter has wave properties. Hugh Everett III: He proposed the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics in his PhD thesis

[@Nick-o1h]

about de Broglie - his thesis was close to being rejected, they had to ask Einstein if it was brilliant or nonsense. They only awarded him the degree on Einstein's say-so. And the work later got him the Nobel. 't Hooft proving that non-abelian gauge theories are renormalisable is pretty cool for a post grad, though it didn't shake the world, it was expected to be so. But someone had to prove it, and it also led to the Nobel.

[@Leandro00-z5q]

I thought I would see De Brooglie in this video 🥺

[@LETIshNick]

As for many-worlds, to propose a non-verifiable but mathematically solid theory is a breakthrough only because it paved the way to the plague that consumes modern physics.

[@Greg41982]

Yes, de Broglie. I would have assumed he was here.

[@Krunch2020]

@@LETIshNickA joke by the drunken Everett on a solution to the “shut up and compute” era. Turns out he was mathematically correct.

[@rogerwood2864]

The best voice in science. If hot cocoa with marshmallows could talk, it would sound like Tibees.

[@deevnn]

I concur…great analogy.

[@chemicalnamesargon]

Perfectly described!

[@fcox7015]

splendid description 👌👌

[@celebratedrazorworks]

💙

[@peterbrough2461]

Every so often she stabs my ears with the odd skintillation, haitch, and saze. (Although I'm getting inured to 'saze' now - by repetition)

[@Melusi]

Alright, guess I’ll stay up a couple more minutes

[@pablo.2542]

Haha in the same situation 🤌🙏

[@iconofsin1043]

Same😅 about to loose consciousness😅

[@rcamacho364]

*virtually tucks you 3 in*

[@onemoreguyonline7878]

With a smile like that, and a voice telling me some lvl 10 noobs can clear the newest dungeon on accident...

[@MH-tg4jt]

I'm fighting the ambien to be here 😤

[@pankajk.r2448]

Thank you Tibees for your effort in making this video. This motivates me to take my master's project a bit more seriously and work diligently toward make it useful

[@2bfrank657]

Really appreciate that you acknowledge the talent and hard work of those who haven't received a Nobel prize. If a Nobel was the only measure of achievement in science, it would be quite a depressing area to work in.

[@greyslayers]

It is criminal that Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin has been almost ignored by history. She endured such hardships simply because she was a woman in Science (she had to move countries because women weren't allowed to do Phd research, she was ignored, derided, and her findings disbelieved etc etc). Yet, her work has arguably led us to understand more about the Universe than any other human in our entire civilisation. She is simply extradordinary.

[@ranjithpowell6791]

She probably copied her work from others and was better at marketing

[@OscarFelipe]

Shannon's master’s thesis is a cornerstone in the fields of computing and information theory and a massive influence on the foundations of digital circuit design. Thanks Tibbes, great video!

[@CliffHanger-fg6uy]

Shannon’s development of information theory came later, primarily in his 1948 paper “A Mathematical Theory of Communication.” You’re totally right, though, that the master’s thesis had a massive influence in the application of Boolean algebra to digital logic design.

[@rustymustard7798]

What's wild is that in 1924 while the rest of the world was just beginning to grasp the difficult concept of putting cheese on a hamburger, Dirac was screwing with quantum physics and dropping banger after banger out of the mothership he arrived on. Rutherford trips me out too, bro was shooting alpha particle beams at gold foil in 1909 and 'saw' the particles bouncing back. These days i doubt half the people i see around me could toast a Poptart if their life depended on it.

[@stephenkolostyak4087]

Rutherford, the guy accused of saying "All science is either physics or stamp collecting"? Yeah, it was his student who did the whole "blasting gold with radiation", not him - he just took the credit with the explanation in 1911.

[@backwashjoe7864]

Ouch! Poptarts catching stray bullets to start the weekend :(

[@geraldhenrickson7472]

Resist the urge to pontificate. Strive for an economy of words when expressing admiration. Above all, when paying a compliment, please do so without lambasting huge swaths of humanity. Consider switching to decaf?

[@georgesheffield1580]

Both produced many papers that could have been top notch PhD's papers .

[@H786...]

@@geraldhenrickson7472 this makes sense.

[@ramu3938]

Feynman:Path integral formulation George Danzig:came late to a class jolted down two problems on the blackboard and solved it in two weeks only to realize they were unsolved math problems.Later published as his thesis

[@DouwedeJong]

People are amazing. it is so incredible inspiring to listen to you and learn about these amazing people. Thanks for making this video.

[@Muzer0]

Saying Shannon "worked on information theory" is some understatement! He practically single-handedly invented the field and then solved all of its major questions. What a guy.

[@PlasmaOscillations]

Thanks Tibees!

[@ManiacalMoogle]

8:35 It's tragic that gender played a role. I'll never understand why people act like gender matters. IMHO, there is nothing more attractive than a strong woman of science. Hats off.

[@arantes6]

Honorable mention to Donald Knuth, one of the fathers of modern computer science, whose Bachelor's thesis got him a Master's Degree. The work was so outstanding that the faculty refused to just award him his bachelor, and awarded him a Master's degree.

[@otaconz1147]

your conclusion is spot on, especially the part about being there at the right time. Timing is crucial

[@sebala164]

Another great video and most importantly great message!❤

[@Ajay.Pawar-Explorer]

I am pursuing physics and I really love your style in which you make educational content

[@mx.chi2]

This video made me cry. Thank you for adding to my love for learning.

[@lavaeater]

Lovely video as usual. I love your calm style and "slow" pace, giving the stuff time to sink in!

[@PetraRall-s9r]

Your voice is so soothing!!! You're literally so pretty, I'm stressing about my finals but your voice just made me happy somehow.

[@Sam_on_YouTube]

1 of Nash's 2 citations is to the main textbook in the field. The other is to his own 1 page paper published earlier that year.

[@alphafound3459]

If you include Economics, Harry Markowitz wrote a 14 page thesis "Portfolio Selection" in 1952, which resulted in the 1990 Nobel Prize. William F. Sharpe shared the prize for his 1964 thesis "Captial Asset Prices: A theory of market equilibrium under conditions of risk."

[@neeharika422]

Of course it was the woman that was questioned, and not the man who had doodles and difficult to read work! And I had never even heard of her! Thanks for bringing this to me!

[@bryanmcdermott4204]

This is a fascinating collection. Thank you for providing it in an easy to digest format. As one who took the scenic route through higher ed (and not in anything science-y), it's impressive what was accomplished at a young age.

[@mutabazimichael8404]

I like your reflection towards the end on the idea that breakthroughs also have the element of luck " Right topic,right time and right person to seize the opportunity".

[@pmclellan]

A slip of the tounge. The Curies and Becherel were awarded the Nobel prize for Physics, not Chemistry. Of course Marie Curie also got a Nobel in Chemistry later, as you say (the only person to win two scientific Nobel prizes in different sciences).

[@richardpark3054]

Thank you, Tibees. Your most riveting work yet. Thank you. And I agree: Luck is always a player.

[@backwashjoe7864]

Already, the Tibees Award (also known as a ‘Toby’) is more prestigious than the Nobel Prize, because she puts the paper and scientist in their correct field!

[@mshahzaib247]

As a plant biotechnologist, I had great respect forShannon. Even though his PhD work isn't as luminary as his masters for computer science, it helps us in computing the population genetics analyses i.e., the Shannon Index.

[@WhisperAudiosASMR]

The thing I most took away from this video, was the amount of men who dismissed brilliant ideas just because they were from the mind of a woman..

[@tinytim71301]

Nah. That’s your unconscience bias.

[@glacousxx]

Yes unfortunately some women are unacknowledged and unknown . But science is ofcourse going to reflect the normal society. Up until we improve the issues in the common society it won't be fixed that easily.

[@glacousxx]

it's your ignorance. ​@@tinytim71301

[@maramé.r]

Wonderful stuff. Did my PhD at Cambridge. Now enjoying obscurity

[@ronniesan9805]

I loved reading how Jocelyn Bell Burnell discovered pulsars!

[@davidb2380]

As a graduate student many years ago I met Jocelyn Bell Burnell and she was very kind and generous with her time. Thanks for the video Tibees

[@boogerie]

Jocelyn Bell Burnell's being overlooked by the Nobel committee was so notorious that Sir Fred Hoyle raised a stink about it on her behalf--which in some ways is better than a Nobel prize. Also Shannon's thesis is little more than a re-statement of a paper authored by Charles S. Peirce & his Student Allan P Marquand from 50 years earlier.

[@kassugebresellasie803]

I was expecting the amazing achievements of Louis de Broglie in his1924 PhD thesis, he postulated the wave nature of electrons and won the Nobel Prize.

[@SpinningSpinor]

I love your voice so much. Every night I have to watch your videos just to fall asleep. My major was theoretical physics.

[@Altacat]

Wow!!! Thank You for the fun !! This so good !!!!

[@tplinhtp]

I love this video ❤ It has shown me how small I am compared to such a world of wonders and has motivated me so much

[@VaughanMcCue]

It is encouraging to think that zillions of failures are essential contributions to final outcomes. If, at first, you don't succeed, you won't try again if parachute jumping was your sport.

[@Archital-_-l]

I really like the way you framed your conclusion. It’s somewhat poetic in a way.

[@VaughanMcCue]

@@Archital-_-l Thank you; your comment was very kind.

[@janibeg3247]

Louis Victor Pierre Raymond, 7th Duc de Broglie - Nobel prize for his PhD thesis - In his 1924 PhD thesis, he postulated the wave nature of electrons and suggested that all matter has wave properties.

[@EayuProuxm]

2:32 Scrodinger looks like he's seen the exact fate of his cat and it's been haunting him ever since

[@sarazohar4923]

I love your voice and content , what an incredible channel for likeminded peeps

[@UsernameTudor]

Fantastic video Toby. Very interesting theses.

[@TheMonikutes]

I'm so glad you talked about these world-impacting works in an easy to understand manner, but ever more grateful that you also introduced similar achievements by people who don't necessarily had the same academic situation as we are used to in the West. And also for the reminder at the end, that a recognition is part hard work, part luck.

[@williamblakehall5566]

Thank you for washing up on my algorithmic shore. I already knew that Dirac and Shannon were quite awesome, but I was pleasantly shocked to also learn about Payne-Gaposchkin and Bell Burnell and their uphill struggles. Whatever your station in life, or in your field, have faith in your hard and earnest work.

[@Douglasm101]

Enjoying your fresh & original observations!

[@agritech802]

This is one of my favourites, thanks for sharing

[@daviddixon9991]

Another Ph.D. thesis that could qualify: "The Principle of Least Action in Quantum Mechanics" by Richard Feynman, which greatly informed the development of quantum electrodynamics.

[@paulgarrett]

Very good. Mentioning the survivorship bias could be emphasized even more! Thank, you, ma'am. :)

[@doc3row]

Insulin was discovered by a couple of medical students. (Also a couple of operative techniques).

[@thycatalyst]

Watson needs to address Rosalind Franklin and her contributions before he dies, the fact she was so unrecognized for decades of substantial contributions is an affront to achievement.

[@jeffmcdonald101]

This is the first video of yours I have seen. It was excellent and so refreshing to hear such marvelous dictation from someone who sounds like they have spent significant time in Australia or NZ. I didn't know it was possible. I have some catching up on your work to do. luvs frum 'straya haha!

[@radical137]

In the movie, Nash imagined working as a code-breaker, but he was having hallucinations actually.

[@arttoegemann]

Brilliant Toby. Thanks 🙏

[@adeebsiddiqui5140]

I love Physics and wanna pursue it. I'm in absolute love with the subject. I'd love for you to make a video about why you studied Physics, what motivated you and how one might master the subject in a non-academic manner(for instance if an engineer wants to contribute to the world of physics or wanna have the same level of mastery of the subject as a phd student on that subject then what he or she might do). Have a nice day

[@peterbrough2461]

So good. Great work Noor and Sarah📌 And you too Tibees. How about another group of 8 Nobel Prize Winners?

[@jalvrus]

Another influential one in computer science was Roy Fielding's PhD thesis. His description of "representation state transfer" changed the trajectory of the entire industry. The vast majority of web sites and mobile apps communicate with their servers in a way that was influenced by his approach.

[@rayrocher6887]

you are one of my Favorite math Teachers, thanks.

[@ShandilyaBanerjee]

Hey, I just noticed that the paper at 4:16 had the stamp of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics. How was Dr. Payne related to the IIA?

[@robbannstrom]

I think the stamp is there because the example pictured was in the IIA library.

[@zander9486]

has it ever happened that an award winning paper was written, and then years later proven wrong, and the awards had to be taken back?

[@unclerat2131]

No.

[@natepolidoro4565]

​@@unclerat2131😂

[@liobello3141]

The dude that invented lobotomies won a Nobel Prize, and it still hasn't been taken back.

[@TheAkdzyn]

It doesn't happen but that's mostly due to the fact that even when the discovery was proven wrong there's still a significant amount of truth in the papers so disproving parts of a concept doesn't reduce the whole.

[@konradk7670]

Please don't drop Skłodowska in her name, her descent was really important to her

[@lucianchauvin8587]

beautiful and amazing video as always thank you!

[@SherriMSDRML-qm1pe]

Thank you thank you 🇱🇷🇮🇳🤠☕🧠🤖🇮🇳🧲🧲🧲💯

[@threadripper979]

My old physics professor said he got a master's so he could be the dept head, but he refused to get his PhD. He referred to it as "piled higher and deeper."

[@Ajay.Pawar-Explorer]

Tibees great video

[@mpojr]

well done Tibees

[@t6_aq25]

Yaaaa new video from tibess

[@rientsdijkstra4266]

Claude E Shannon is one of the most forgotten of the great Geniusses, yet he was arguably one of the most important, for all of us. He belongs in the short list of great names like Alan Turing, Albert Einstein, John Nash, John von Neuman, etc. etc. What many people do not realise is that not only did Shannon lay the groundwork for modern computing theory, but he was also was the inventor of information theory and the modern mathematical concept of "information" (as a reduction in Entropy) as we use it nowadays.

[@meeeee8745]

In mathematics, the Phd thesis of Carl Gauss is considered as one of the most important results in the field and very impactful to further research. It was a proof that every non-constant single-variable polynomial with complex coefficients has at least one complex root.

[@mikberegov]

Yuri Knorozov. He deciphered the Mayan writing system for his thesis.

[@szabionody9256]

Thank you so much!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! P. Erika

[@worldtreehouses2692]

thank you!

[@bradleyberentz3214]

Seriously ❤ Tibees !

[@bjornfeuerbacher5514]

21:25 You neglected to mention that even a whole class of particles is named after Bose: the bosons.

[@DerAusdauersportler]

Look up Bernhard Riemann if you really want to talk about the most dense PhD thesis ever published.

[@gregkail4348]

Thanks for a great video 👍👍👍👍

[@erinm9445]

Alain Aspect should be on this list! He received the 2022 physics nobel prize for his thesis project being the first to test Bell's inequality in such a way that faster-than-light communication would have been required. Helping to prove that quantum mechanics is genuinely nonlocal. He shared the nobel with two others, one of whom, John Clauser, did his own groundbreaking Bell's inequality test (the first person to ever test Bell's inequality experimentally) as a post-doc, barely out of school. At the time, foundations of physics and Bell's tests were considered a joke and "not real science," and Claiser's reputation took a huge hit for working on it, it was really hard for him to find a job after this postdoc, and he basically screwed his early career by working on it. And now he has a novel prize for it!

[@bicycleninja1685]

You look great and the lighting/setup looks really nice

[@mickeyg.c.1654]

I really really enjoyed this video!

[@manuelbranco]

I love these videos. I want to leave just a small note on the fact that there is no Nobel on Economics. It is The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. It is a highly contentious award and the Nobel family has disassociated itself from it. Peter Nobel has supposedly written that: "The Economics Prize in memory of Alfred Nobel should be criticised on two grounds. First, it is a deceptive utilisation of the institution of the Nobel Prize and what it represents. Second, the economics prize is biased, in the sense that it one-sidedly rewards Western economic research and theory."

[@jsandppr]

Can you tell us more about the use of the Nash Equilibrium for robotic navigation? I’m intrigued (and baffled)

[@summerfirebon2362]

I think you forgot to mention Brian Josephson PhD on Superconducting junction which underlies measurement of quantized magnetic field.

[@briansamuels5575]

Also consider Alberto Castigliano, whose undergraduate thesis developed a new method for solving deflection of structural members

[@aelabassi]

Dirac's thesis is a work of the intuitionist and real mathematical physicist.

[@vindulakumaranayake5406]

Also Brian Josephson's work in his PhD later led him to win the Nobel prize in Physics. (Josephson's effect).

[@aromview]

Great to know how these thesis have contributed to science and by extension to society.

[@yellowpine6787]

I so deeply appreciate how many of these are written by women.

[@purpletiger9313]

Inspirational. Thank you so much for this.

[@rickkwitkoski1976]

Thank you.

[@markblix6880]

As a retired bricklayer, I shall not be writing a thesis. However, I am working on color selection for fishing lures at certain times of the day.

[@artistaroundtheblock2047]

22:42 “Who does this list exclude” Is why I LOVE this woman. She realizes that science is very political and a privilege most do not have. Notice how everyone on the list was either white, European or American (I think). While these people can have a blast working on circuits and AI, other places (that the countries these people come from helped destroy) are still recovering from genocides, colonizations, political unrest etc. I’m very happy to see these students make it though and none of the things mentioned above are their faults.

[@tienatnguyen8899]

What country or people did Poland help genocide, colonize or destroy? Your racism clouds your judgement. Don't group all "white" people into the same stereotype.

[@harrybarrow6222]

I think it was despicable of Hewish to accept the Nobel prize for Bell’s work, which he rejected at first.

[@showdown66]

How often are PhD dissertations rejected? Do they make changes and then get them approved?

[@ImaneBou30]

Why do they wait for sooo long to reward a paper, I understand they wait for tangible proof but I don’t always see the development

[@SuperQwertypl]

Hi, amazing video! One thing-as a Polish person, I need to stress how important it is to use Maria Skłodowska-Curie's full name. She kept her surname when she got married to Pierre, she named one of her discoveries after Poland (Polonium) as you said, and throughout her entire life, she was attached to her motherland, even though it wasn't on the map then. I think it’s only fair to use her full name.

[@charlesdrury9712]

Yes I’m so glad you mention Roslyn Franklin I read a lot about DNA and how they came to discover it understand it in Roslyn Franklin did x-ray crystallization and she died of cancer without being rewarded for her discovery not even offered to participate in the Nobel prize so sad she does need recognition I’ve been saying that for years God bless you for missing her name

[@sambojinbojin-sam6550]

Just so you all you folks know, @Tibee does guided meditation videos for her patreon supporters. We're up to #2 now. And they're awesome (mathsy, sciencey, astronomy'y, multidimensional'y, universal'y). So if youre wondering if you get anything out of patreon support, yep, you do. I got a bookmark, and now I get some amazing nearly-ASMR meditation videos, with her smooth sweet voice guiding you through a groovy calm-down and think/ don't-think session. So, yeah. So worth it!