Time Team S18-E01 Reservoir Rituals (Tottiford, Devon)

The first stone henge to be discovered in Britain for a century would be cause enough for major celebration. But there's double bubbles as Tony Robinson and his hardy team of archaeologists celebrate their 200th dig.
The site is the bed of a Devon reservoir with a strange assortment of prehistoric remains. The reservoir has been specially drained, but the diggers still face three days of wading through thick, sticky mud as they piece together the story of thousands of years of rituals performed in this beautiful secret valley high up on Dartmoor.
The Team slowly uncover a network of monuments that suggest they have found a major prehistoric site. But the best discovery is left until the last day when they unearth the remains of that stone henge. It's the perfect end to a milestone in the programme's history.

[@ziggy107]

I watch little to no TV, but am on the 3rd or 4th viewing of most Time Team episodes, including this. England is the home I've never lived in, and the Time Team cast good friends I've never met.

[@SteveMikre44]

This episode has all my favorite Time Team Archeologists; Mick, Phil, Helen, Stewart, John, Francis, Matt, Raksha, Faye and Tracey...👍

[@mch12311969]

Phil's face just lights up when he talks about flint knapping

[@suwaidajalal]

Dartmoor is otherworldly. I went there once when I was 9 or 10 and I still remember what it felt like. The landscape itself feels spiritual. I remember the little bubbling stream, the soft ground, the strange stones, the horses, and most of all the white clouds cottoning the vast sky. Just gorgeous. I'm not surprised prehistoric people felt the same when they were working to tame it.

[@jimm6095]

Arthur Conan Doyle set Sherlocke Holmes Hound of the Baskerville's in Dartmoor!

[@ruththinkingoutside.707]

Sometimes Stewart is my spirit animal 🥰 Just like all of them, they love what they do.. but.. Stewart just LIVES the topography.. ..they are all so genuine.. ❤

[@motaman8074]

Cannot beat Phil's enthusiasm. Love it!

[@jean6061]

I believe that talented digger operator could closely excavate around a raw egg without breaking it! I also would like to thank the equally talented folks on the computers, creating reconstructions of all these sites and making the maps and results of the digs come to life.

[@00BillyTorontoBill]

Does a grape count? kzbin.info/www/bejne/mX7ZZZd9q6qcatU

[@kadrik0094]

One of your greatest episode! Forty-five years ago I began my first semester of collage in the USA to be an archeologist. Two semesters later, with a grade point average of 4.0 putting me at the top of my class, I gave up on my dream of becoming an archeologist, and dropped out of collage in California. The reason I dropped out was because I witnessed firsthand the way that academia politics, archeological funding, the pre historical picture of the America's, and the archeological education in the USA, showed a controlled and twisted picture of the entire science here in the United States. I will not go into details. I will say that I saw firsthand where an individual archeologist, because they voiced an opinion that went against the "approved" view of the established academics in the USA, there job, their careered, and life was ruined. I even had it explained to me by that individual that it was the way the game was played in the USA, and if you wanted to get your degree here in the USA as an archeologist, you should be aware that it was the way things were done. Well, like I said, I dropped out, and later in life went back to collage in another state and received my degree in Electronic Engineering. Its 45 years later, and for the past 6 or 7 years I have been watching Time Team on You Tube, and you have not only restored my faith in Archeologists, but you have also made me wish that 45 years ago I had gone to Great Briton and earned a degree in Archeology there!! Please keep making these great video! They defiantly brighten up my days, and expands my knowledge!!!!

[@Invictus13666]

Cool story bro. I call bullshit though.

[@makrsk09]

@@Invictus13666 Do some homework and you will discover that here in the United States, archology was directed by two individuals who were in control. They did not and could not allow the Native Americans any chance of being civilized, because that would indicate intelligence. Wanton destruction of the mounds in America and the loss of their history is due two men! The Smithsonian is just as guilty. They buried the finds and the history of America! check out some videos by Wayne May. He dares to challenge the mindset and shows how things were going here in the United States pre-history. Also, check out Lost Civilizations of North America! Eye-opening.

[@Invictus13666]

@@makrsk09 Skippy, I’m an archaeologist. In the US.

[@harridan.]

my father was a professor of sociology and economics in houston texas 40/50 yrs ago. all that business about Playing The Game, petty departmental politics, etc is absolutely true, unfortunately.

[@biancacastafiore383]

Raksha ! She ´s one of my favourite archeologists... But of course all of them together as a team make the apeal of the programme.

[@BackFromTheMadeUp]

Every time Francis says "I'm convinced" about something, I hear the Sicilian from The Princess Bride saying "Inconceivable". "Eh, dis word. I don't tink it means, what you tink it means"

[@MelissaThompson432]

I love Francis. His enthusiasm for becoming convinced is both endearing and inspiring. It might be a reach, but it's not a reach too far for Francis....

[@warf-oc9yz]

I am from the USA and have never been interested in things like the. But since I ran across your KZbin channel it has been addictive. Thank you for your work and in the way it just captures you. Keep it up.

[@plhebel1]

Now , There certainly interest in very old sites,, Problem is the evidence found many times throws a wrench in accepted historical standards ,, I would love for the truth to be told ,,but at this time I just don't see that happening. There is a channel on YT that does some study and information about sites around the US with questions and alternative histories behind them. I will come bad when I find the channels name.

[@corneliawissing7950]

@@plhebel1 I've been wondering whether a small First Nations group could enlighten the rest of us (the entire world) re mounds?

[@Daehawk]

@@plhebel1 Unless you dig in Israel. Every site there is definitely a Jewish biblical site ..*snicker*

[@mamavswild]

@@corneliawissing7950 with the little words thrown in that he uses..‘alternative histories’…’the Truth’….my dude is either a conspiracy theorist or a Mormon. And a little trick to know when someone is NOT really from the US is the ‘A’ part…:Americans never say ‘USA’…we say, from the US or, ‘The States’

[@corneliawissing7950]

@@mamavswild I have thus proved that I'm not from the USA. I really, really am not and so unfamiliar with the finer details of American language usage.

[@jfebacher]

Reijer Zaaijer you are wonderful. Thank you so very much for all your hard work

[@Invictus13666]

He badly recorded some shows off telly ffs

[@christopherblack1165]

I discovered this show about 3 yrs ago I believe I’ve watched them all. Love it

[@marniesweet4677]

Phil's enthusiasm is contagious. My, how his back and upper arms have filled out since he started digging with Time Team.

[@Wally-H]

Steady. Whenever male viewers on here make comments about the women's anatomy on the show, we are called creepy perverts. What's good for the goose etc. etc.

[@billie-jobenway8658]

@@Wally-H Female here who agrees with you! What Marnie wrote was nowhere near as creepy as a lot of the comments from males, to be sure but should not encourage these kinds of comments on principal alone. Fair is fair.

[@MelissaThompson432]

I'm quite fond of Phil's enthusiasm, myself....

[@robinandrews5478]

Oh yeah baby!

[@judeirwin2222]

A comment about biceps is not quite comparable to the parts chaps dribble over. And I don’t recall a female ever posting, “X is looking gorgeous. I’d give him one.” But I have seen males post exactly that about female members of the team.

[@gwendolynfish2102]

Thank you for all your work Reijer!

[@juliechi6166]

Love Francis Pryor!! His passion for history is infectious!!!

[@philaypeephilippotter6532]

And palpable.

[@johncole6519]

we should call him mr. mistake, always full of bs

[@johncole6519]

kind of like covid

[@lindawitherspoon446]

Fabulous series. Just can’t get enough of it.

[@Dragonfly5455]

Crossing the river Styx.... Always the boundary of life and death. They have way too much fun. I am really enjoying this series. Thank you for making it available

[@WashuHakubi4]

Time Team videos make it easy, I can always click "like" before I even start the video. It would have been great if they got to the end and found out it was an ancient... reservoir.

[@Jigger2361]

....sassy!

[@samikirk05]

😁

[@zedwms]

7:39 Stewart Ainsworth, Landscape Whisperer

[@Invictus13666]

Bullshit

[@rodritchison1995]

Excuse me while I get another beer.....my ritual is every time Francis says "ritual" I take a sip of beer. Cheers!

[@richardphillips6281]

A new series without Raysan and Brigid. I presume they had already gone to NZ. Miss you guys. Thank goodness TT can still be watched here on You Tube.

[@Invictus13666]

No Brigid is indeed a selling point!

[@souloftheteacher9427]

There's much lofty indignation in these comments about archaeologists calling things "ritual." The awful truth is that for most humans living before the 1500s or thereabouts pretty much everything _was,_ if not overtly ritual, at least tinged with it. (This is as true for Christians as for Neolithics.) Pre-Enlightenment/science societies made it through the fearfulness of life by means of tradition's trial-and-error plus their best guesses, which included one heck of a lot of ritual because a. it was what they had; b.they had no means to hand that worked better; and c., even today, rocking the cultural boat tends to get you shunned and/or dead. The question in archaeology isn't, "Is this unexamined ritual?" but "To what degree is it unexamined ritual?" In the 21st century it's still a good question to ask, of others--and of ourselves.

[@TheVCHorseguy]

You have to love Francis though. In virtually every episode he wants ritual. It's not denigration for most commenters, it's endearment.

[@theeddorian]

Speaking AS an archaeologist, "ritual" is often the bane of sound archaeology. It is far too easy to wave something off as "ritual" when in fact it had an actual and important, functional material role. Quite often, as you point out, that role could easily be seen through "ritual" lenses at the time the object was in use, but ritual is in the heads of the users. Without incredible luck, those heads and any ritual "meaning" are long gone by the time an archaeologist sees an object or a site. At best we can associate the "ritual" to some specific aspect of life, the season, the time of life, death. All too often an archaeologist will spread "ritual" over a well-documented bit of work like peanut butter. They may miss potential materials or physical causes to patterns that they proceed to write off as "ritual." I know of one major study of a burial mound (passage grave) where the authors attributed patterns to their finds in a manner that was dictated by their "ritual" expectation biases. They never once considered alternate reasons for some of the patterning. Everything had "ritual meaning," but at the end of the report it was clear they had fortten that people are both right and left handed, and that the proportion of handness among people is fairly fixed - roughly 80-20 to 90-10. About two thirds of the authors' evidence for ritual, and ALL their interpretation of the significance of the distributions could be accounted for by handedness in the population, totalling destroying the significance they had "discovered."

[@doncook2054]

@@theeddorian i guess You mean that one view is right, and one view is wrong...i love how archaeology is dynamic!

[@theeddorian]

@@doncook2054 No, not right and wrong, right and left. In a more serious manner, the study I mentioned never provided any grounds beyond apparent "handedness" in the distribution of material around a doorway and diagonal marks on pottery. That is, they (the archaeologists) so wanted to know the minds of these prehistoric people that they jumped from ritual they really could see - graves, tenancy, and quite interesting facts, to observations that could be explained wholly by handedness alone. They completely missed the possible linkage between the "temporary" tenancy of individuals buried in the tomb and the "patterned" scatter of pot sherds outside the door. They obfuscated that by persisting in referring to the door as an "entrance." Oops. That's why "ritual" is often a joke explanation among archaeologists. Where I took my degree there was a quip frequently made that ran, "if you don't know what it is, it's ritual object. If the object is longer than it is wide, it's a phallic symbol, and if all else fails, the archaeologist DO know where the coldest beer in town will be found." That last bit is usually true.

[@spymaine89]

still is but first we survive

[@niklar55]

It would have made a very secluded living site, safe from other tribes, in its early days, with everything that was essential, water, trees for wildlife, flints for tools, and probably good soil for edible plants. That would make it special.

[@lisakilmer2667]

Notice that in the first few minutes they have scholarly input from Mick, Francis, John, Stewart, Helen, and Matt. The last of the best seasons. At 8:45 we see the marked difference between Francis Pryor and Mick Aston: Francis always seems to run half-cocked at a dig, while Mick can be frustratingly cautious. It's amazing they weren't at each others' throats, with such different approaches to a dig. This episode has so many of the experts spotlighted, who are usually given no notice: Henry, Ian the digger driver, Faye, Tracy, Raksha the magnificent, and Matt.

[@MelissaThompson432]

Mick was remarkably tolerant of personalities, but I think he would have reined Francis in if it had been necessary. Underneath his exuberance, Francis is quite an exacting archaeologist, and that's what mattered to Mick.

[@Invictus13666]

@@MelissaThompson432 it was also Francis’ site, Michael was just there to visit.

[@josephwolfe1833]

I've been rewatching episodes and somehow I managed to miss this one the first time through!

[@saturnia22]

This is the BEST! I love these shows!!! thank you thank you thank you

[@grannypantsification]

I wish I could ask Phil questions about flint knapping and the tools they used. I have found hundreds of flint scrapers and points and spears and hammers in Kansas, USA. Almost always they were accompanied by fakes of flint and a certain type of very heavy rock (for their size) with certain markings on them and what looks like small red paint spots. They are perfectly hand sized. But old arrowhead hunters around here told me they weren’t related to knapping. They said paleo native Americans used antlers to knap the flint. Now I see Phil using stones that look exactly like what I found.

[@ancilodon]

Those old "point hunters" are mostly wrong. It's now known that the majority of flint knapping was 'hard hammer percussion' or stone on stone. What you found were likely hammerstones used on the chert (flint) being worked. The natives generally traveled light; having finished one or two bifaces (arrowheads or any other stone tool worked on two sides), they might've roughed out a few blanks to be finished when needed, leaving the hammerstones behind. Antler was often used to finish or touch up the edges when they dulled. Antler hammers were used also, and wood, but rarely compared to stone. I envy your finds. I've only found flakes!

[@Invictus13666]

@@ancilodon flint and chert aren’t the same things. Basically, you demonstrated exactly how little you know in your entire answer. Now run along and stop trying so hard.

[@rszaaijer]

Geen idee vroeger was het te zien op discovery maar die Zijn Er Naar Een Paar Seizoenen Mee Gestopt. daarna heb ik ze binnengehaald via torrents. Het was voor mij de enigste manier om ze te kunnen zien.

[@doncook2054]

Thank You!

[@deborahparham3783]

I wonder if our Phil has ever heard Justin Johnson? I stumbled across this kid on KZbin. He is well worth listening to. The kid even made a guitar out of a freaking shovel. Sounds like something right up Phil's alley.

[@rszaaijer]

Graag gedaan. Ik had eigenlijk ook niet verwacht dat ze lang op youtube zouden blijven staan. Heb ondertussen begrepen dat ze in Engeland wel geblokkeerd worden. Ondertussen ga ik maar gewoon door met uploaden :)

[@doncook2054]

translation?

[@philaypeephilippotter6532]

@@doncook2054 Google.

[@doncook2054]

@@philaypeephilippotter6532 google what?

[@philaypeephilippotter6532]

@@doncook2054 Google do translation. I'm not sure they're accurate but at least it's an option.

[@k-matsu]

39:00 One thing that really disappoints me about episodes without Stuart is that nobody else seems to actually see the entire site for what it DOES. Almost all stone circles are associated with what Time Teaｍ insists on calling "ritual", but which a landscape archaeologist recognizes as part of the apparatus for keeping a calendar. Certainly, there was a lot of "ritual” activity involved, because it was a hugely important thing. Whether farming, herding, hunting or gathering, ALL subsistence cultures need to know what day/month it is. You need to know WHEN to plant your wheat, when to collect ripe apples, when to hunt deer ... Keeping an accurate calendar is literally a matter of life and death. Unless you farm or at least garden, yourself, you wont understand that weather cycles and animal behaviour involve not only the sun, but also the moon (the ancients thought even mars & venus had some impact). Therefore to keep a good calendar, you had to be able to make a lot of precise sightings. In a relatively featureless (not TOO hilly, forested, no distant landmarks) landscape, this enclosed valley offers about the best sighting possibilities imaginable -- particularly since you can create **pools of water which reflect the sun**. This takes the place of any need for a distant notch or peak. The reflection of sun or moon in a pond - as seen from a raised mound - allows you to get an ideal sighting.

[@LintonHerbert]

What fun. On dig 200 you get your first stone circle. Everybody keeps the professional cool except Ian the Incorruptible, who gets so excited he makes his first false move.

[@jonathaneffemey944]

Thanks for posting.

[@elyjulealy8147]

great show

[@elyjulealy8147]

love this guy and this show!! love the stories that come out of this country..never to see!!jul

[@RebeccaKippie]

Oh echt geweldig dat je dit upgeload hebt , was een jaar of 10 dat ik het al zag en toen stopte het. Mooie mooie serie en het intro deed me stralen die herkenning

[@wickeddelight]

38:30 Bob "Movement from wet to dry" This totally makes me think of Claude Levi-Strauss.

[@greghelms4458]

Gotta love that Phil. 😂

[@michaelkamradt4700]

I suggest getting a set of cross country ski's for that radar unit.

[@BryonLape]

For Francis, everything is old and ritualistic.

[@kevinroche3334]

could be something to do with his job I guess?..

[@spymaine89]

did you make any effort for stone alignment of possible sun location for seasons. ?

[@guillaumefeldman]

A classic

[@gwendolynfish2102]

Love you Francis!

[@tubaniels]

Geweldig. Direct één van mijn favorieten, dank voor het zoeken en plaatsen. Nu hopen dat Channel 4 ze niet weg laat halen.

[@jan-eriktrres3654]

haha Francis keeps jumping to conclusions in almost every episode lol

[@johncole6519]

yes you are right

[@stannousflouride8372]

A wetter view of the site on Google Earth: Tottiford Reservoir 50°38'09.6"N 3°40'58.8"W

[@czarpeppers6250]

Haha, when I type that in I get 6 W 8th Ave, Vancouver BC.

[@brianvittachi6869]

In one episode Ian, the excavator man, felt his machine behave differently and alerted the archaeologists. They found something interesting in the ground. Can anyone remember which episode it was? Thank you in advance.

[@BS-nt9oc]

Druids Last Stand

[@areyouavinalaff]

lol I love Francis, I really do.. I think he should change his name to Rich... RIch Ewell... geddit? ritual... Rich Ewell... no? where's me coat?

[@lorawiese5897]

Cute play on a name

[@philaypeephilippotter6532]

@@lorawiese5897 My pet *_Emelion_* is an aardvark.

[@thomaspatton4401]

Just thinking a few Neolithic thoughts; I wonder if Ogg is going fishing today. Or if Mot ever finished the flint scraper for Reena. Or if Tork has thought of a name for the big round thing he shaped from stone, especially after yesterday when it got away from him and rolled down the hill and ran over the Tribal Elder, Hmm.

[@gregb6469]

"...think Neolithic thoughts." Does that mean pretend you are Fred Flintstone, and start yelling, "Yabba Dabba Doo!"

[@doncook2054]

Hah!

[@DragonFae16]

Back in pre-history, there were still large predators in Brittain, which kept the deer population in check which in turn meant huge swaths of forest were sustained. Take the predators away, and the deer ate all the seedlings and much of the forest died out.

[@Franz_Z]

Esses caras são demais!

[@michaelmaciejewicz7534]

Were there no fish in that area Or did they take them out before finishing the drainage of it

[@dmcgee3]

It was a reservoir for drinking water so it wouldn’t have had fish

[@Noblemiss]

What I want to know, since they found that stone circle, which is very important, did they let the water run back in, or did they find a way to preserve the site and re0route the water?

[@philaypeephilippotter6532]

It's a reservoir for drinking water and was only drained for this dig.

[@Invictus13666]

@@philaypeephilippotter6532 no, they dug because it was drained.

[@Invictus13666]

Water preserves it.

[@TheSilverdaleShrek]

What did Basil Fawlty have to say about this dig in Torquay?

[@mishap00]

I've always wondered if the bronze age peoples had a form of ancestor worship given that the seem to revere and reuse the stone age sites.

[@doncook2054]

Could be, or could be reverence for sites that were sacred; like the saxons burials nearby neolithic ones...

[@RamblinJer]

Not sure if that just a flake, it looked like it was both fluted and notched.

[@Invictus13666]

It wasn’t.

[@annpartoon5300]

17:07 Can anyone see a face in the grey stone

[@Rhynome]

Van al de Time Team uploads die ik gezien heb, zijn ze bijna allemaal geüpload door Nederlanders (of misschien Belgen?). Is er veel vraag voor Time Team in Nederland?

[@crystalawrey2362]

This aired 2 months before mick ashton passed on June 24.

[@aimeebrass5266]

After the responses the Archaeologists keep giving him, I don't blame him for getting frustrated. They keep telling him what these look like and so they dig and it isn't what they thought it was. Why not just say "We don't know what they/it are/is, let's find out." lol

[@darrellfinnegan]

Aimee Brass

[@t.j.payeur739]

And Tony is also one of the producers, which can add another whole dimension to his annoyance....

[@Immopimmo]

Grook niet voor Oberschazen dat had ik zee fraakenluss.

[@KYIRISH1]

I'm quite skeptical about this dig. Not being a student of this art it seems like a lot of guessin' and supposin' to me. My guess is the stones were the boundaries and goals of an ancient bog ball field. Interesting episode however. I love these shows.

[@Jeanswaal]

Hello i wonder why they have the three days time limit...

[@philaypeephilippotter6532]

*Anne FABIATO* The digger all had full-time archæological jobs and there were several other practical reasons.

[@Stephie481]

Thank you for Time Team. Is there anywhere else that one can get these episodes outside of UTube?

[@dr.douglaswilde1155]

Hi Stephanie-there are a few available via Pirate-Bay/uTorrent... however, Reijer Zaaijer's uploads here on YT are better... I use You Tube Downloader for the episodes I want to keep... hope this helps.

[@thecrow7]

channel 4 in the uk. think you can buy dvd.s or download

[@00BillyTorontoBill]

drinking version...have a drink every time they say 'ritual'

[@chadsimmons6347]

this underwater dig site looks a bit fishy to me

[@tphvictims5101]

Where does all the soil come from that buried these sites?

[@Wally-H]

It builds up over centuries. Soil is made from the remains of rotted plants, animal bones, rotting insects and of course stones etc.

[@tubaniels]

Jes, gewoon doen. Engeland zelf kan ze op de website bekijken, wij niet. Keep up the good job!

[@TeresaTrimm]

First aired February 6, 2011.

[@DubbleTwice]

Cairns of Bier.

[@saintboudreau1545]

The lack of continuity of assessment among archeologist at this point in time is fascinating. ‘Stone Henge’ , carry what you know was the astronomical alignments there and other mounds with doors for light passage to wall points to ‘all’ your finds. Not religion or ceremony but calendars, ’when to plant crops, when trading meetings with other peoples would take place. Did they at the same time have a ‘’Party’’ sure still do. ‘’yes when you ‘know’ it is obvious, however at this point you do know’’. Current humanity has lost inherent wit, perhaps survival now to easy.

[@patriciaheil6811]

Do you ever wonder if Francis goes so wild*** on Time Team because nobody else will let him make such a waste of resources, like on that last hill fort when he just had to start the dig before John finished and it turned out to be in the wrong place?

[@ShortBusScotty]

Why couldn't people be there to catch fish?

[@Khalifrio]

Frances "its ritual". Mick "its Anglo Saxon! Excuse me while I sit on my backside while everyone else does the work". Phil "wheres the flint?" Carenza "its what ever my boss says it is once I report it to him". Raksha "I'm just going to smile while thinking they are all balmy in the head". Tony "give me something to wow the audience with" Amazing what a random pile of rocks can get some people to thinking.

[@brushbros]

Most kinds of rock were fashioned into tools, not just flint. Killer Ape also need rough and smooth scrapers, hand axes, mallets, etc.

[@Invictus13666]

Not so much in areas that had flint.

[@markusarrow]

where are the spearheads?

[@karmicpopcorn6440]

"What was it's purpose?" Community life....

[@CanChikMay]

This is not tottiford, its dartmoor!

[@chuckenomics]

I think mick and tony were an item...is it just me?

[@bobschenkel7921]

Like many sites around the world, i believe this site was an attempt to copy the Belt of Orion, two spots in line with a third spot slightly off line to the left. Just like the Pyramids at Giza, and many other pre-historic sites on every continent.

[@motoninja2747]

and yet they just flooded it shame

[@Invictus13666]

No issue.

[@fulkthered]

I have made arrowheads and stone axes and my flakes looked just like those.You can't tell how old a stone tool is without datable stuff around it like wood,bone or pottery.What if it was a bunch of nutters running around the woods 700 years ago after the Black Death led by a cult leader telling them that the great god Bumsniffer wants them to build this stone circle and "get back to nature" like their ancestors.

[@CologneCarter]

There were a few occasions when I had similar thoughts. It is pretty common to collect stuff, just because.... (fill in your favorite reason), including the fact that it still might be a useful thing at the time it is found. A few hundred years later it is a nice way to confuse archaeologists when they find say roman coins in a medieval dig.

[@DavidJacksonThai]

joseph fulks If you watch the show, you will know they always look for artifacts that are in situ, which means they are in the right layer of soil, you can't date sites from artifacts that are not in situ and they are always careful to state that. Also, flint tools do vary in quality, method of production and other features over time.

[@BryonLape]

joseph fulks It was the great god Crotchgrabber, actually.

[@fulkthered]

Bryon Lape burn you witch

[@Ana_crusis]

+Milander just milander your link doesn't work

[@armenestrapatey257]

Mike cannot help himself, he has got to interfere. He is a little tinker lol.

[@RKHageman]

Armenestra Patey Mike? Nobody’s on the team called Mike...

[@armenestrapatey257]

I meant Mick lol typo. I like him, so don't take it the wrong way.

[@RKHageman]

Armenestra Patey Oh, my bad. Wasn’t thinking.

[@Invictus13666]

@@RKHageman his name is fucking Michael after all.

[@johnwhittaker8178]

A

[@readmycomment3157]

Flint knapping is easy, just smashing rocks together lol I could do that

[@deborahparham3783]

Not so easy as it looks. It takes a lot of practice and skill to really master the craft. Phil is a master flint knapper.

[@vickireynolds4055]

Snowshoes!! Wider is better!!!

[@themysteryofbluebirdboulevard]

"the last - A- hundred and fifty years"... really? That's how a professional British presenter speaks? C'mon received English police. Get him!

[@mamadiana1]

birth..... wet to dry

[@maxdecphoenix]

cairns were probably just rock deliveries dumped there and used for back fill in the surrounding levee so it would be level all around when it was being prepared to be a reservoir. As for that 'double stone row', to me it looks like a pier coming off the main 'island/mound' for fishing or tying up boats. Basically set some rocks out and then fill between them with timbers, like a gabion wall. I find it difficult to believe it was ever a primary settlement... Who the fuck sets up camp between two streams, in the bottom of a depression? Your camp would get flooded out every rain! also @9:53 you can just make out the top of that fit blonde's ass.

[@Invictus13666]

They said that’s what the cairns were. And the double stone row only exists like that for specific reasons. And it wasn’t a primary camp. Did you even watch it?

[@weaselrippedmyflesh]

I love this show, but on this episode they seem to have found some rocks and some rotten bits of wood....

[@Invictus13666]

Were you watching?

[@weaselrippedmyflesh]

@@Invictus13666 Yes. They found rocks...

[@Invictus13666]

@@weaselrippedmyflesh they found a prehistoric stone circle. That’s huge.

[@BryonLape]

No jokes about Faye's trowel. No jokes about Faye's trowel. No jokes about Faye's trowel. No jokes about Faye's trowel.........

[@svenhoek]

Faye is dreamy!

[@Wally-H]

And there was I thinking you were going to make a comment about the shot of her bum crack

[@Invictus13666]

@@svenhoek Fay is a dope. They tried so hard to groom the pretty white girl into being a big deal but she just couldn’t hang with the cute but dumpy brown girl.

[@johnrae8110]

I wish Sir Tony would shut up he is not a expert and stop with the Royal we

[@Exiledk]

Francis. Again. "It's ritual. They had processions... it's ceremonial..." Every time I see this dipstick, it's all ritual. And it usually isn't. Why do they have him on board? He contributes about zero of interest. As for the cairns, here's my guess. When it became a reservoir in the 1800's, someone put piles of stones in the lake for anglers to stand on while fly fishing. It's as good a guess as his.

[@bitsnpieces11]

This is NOT intended to reduce YOUR opinion/belief. Think of it this way: When you are getting ready to go to work and you are standing in your doorway and think something like "Once more into the fray" you have just performed a ritual, it doesn't have to be to crown a new monarch or dedicate a new building.

[@RKHageman]

He’s an expert in Bronze Age and Iron Age Britain. You’re not.

[@Invictus13666]

Except they decided the cairns were probably equipment bases, for one. And yes, it usually is ritual from those time periods. And Francis doesn’t take himself nearly as seriously as you seem to. Most archaeologists don’t. We look at the evidence and try to decipher it as best we can, but at the end of the day there’s so much we don’t know.

[@kevinquist]

bunch of archaeologist, studying junk piles of the 1860's?

[@trishamason1855]

Some of the bests finds, especially for dating, come from junk piles or middens.

[@Tom-uv7ry]

Its nothing to do with the 1860s you halfwit

[@thomassurette6118]

Yall drink to much

[@Skooty68]

Francis...... Quit..... Your normally wrong Mr Ritual

[@Invictus13666]

Rarely wrong, honestly.

[@dalekundtz760]

All repeats. Tony is only good for all his complaining. Wonder how many times Phil and Mick want to tell him to stick it. Anyone familiar with these kinds of digs knows most times it is hit or miss. If it was easy to find historical remnants, everyone would be doing it.

[@lindasue8719]

#PleaseNoMoreDronePhotography 😣

[@TheVCHorseguy]

Phil is that creepy neighbor you don't want to see and would never leave your kids alone with.

[@Wally-H]

Don't be ridiculous. Not all perverts run around in dirty clothes, and not everyone in dirty clothes is a pervert. You've watched far too many TV dramas

[@RKHageman]

Ridiculous. He’s a very good guy. You, however...

[@deborahparham3783]

There is nothing creepy about our Phil. He is a highly intelligent, dedicated professional archaeologist and a born teacher. Anyone would be lucky to spend time with Phil. Children can learn so much from someone as knowledgeable as Phil.