The Real Legacy Of The Roman Invasion In Britain | King Arthur's Britain | Timeline

Francis Pryor examines the history of Britain near the end of the Roman occupation. The first instalment focuses on Britain under Roman rule, revealing a much greater degree of collaboration with the natives than was previously recognised.
Sheep-farming archaeologist, Francis Pryor, presents a historical series which explores Britain A.D, the British national character and the ultimate British icon King Arthur.
Finding new and previously unexplained evidence, Francis Pryor overturns the idea that Britain reverted to a state of anarchy and disorder after the Romans left in 410 AD. Instead of doom and gloom Francis discovers a continuous culture that assimilated influences from as far a field as the Middle East and Constantinople. Through scrutinising the myth of King Arthur to find out what was really going on when the Romans left, Francis is confronted by evidence that confounds traditional views of the 'Dark Ages'. There was also no invasion of bloodthirsty Anglo Saxons, rampaging across the countryside. With new archaeological evidence Francis discovers a far more interesting story.
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[@TimelineChannel]

Use code 'timeline' and enjoy 3 months of History Hit for $3 bit.ly/TimelineWatchMore

[@miriamgp9881]

I'd love to subscribe, but I can't do it from Argentina. Please make it available for us!

[@sharonmolander9723]

Yes! I love British History! I feel like it’s part of my heritage even tho my ancestors were Swedish, German and Irish. Closr

[@sharonmolander9723]

Close to the UK but not quite

[@paulmiller8200]

@@miriamgp9881 oòo

[@newjones1754]

1066 last time the UK is invaded? You are forgetting that one time that the Dutch King conquered the UK without a single drop of blood. We also burned the english fleet and took there flagship as a souvenier. The Vikings are great warriors but, the Dutch did what they couldn't.

[@jeffinkhobar5711]

One thing I wish Timeline would learn to do: include links to the other episodes in a series in the description so we don’t have to go fishing around their channel trying to figure out where the others are and in what order!

[@williamwilliam5066]

Well seeing as archaeologists are confused about pretty much everything, I think the whole organisation is rather elegantly reflective.

[@kailonlondberg8711]

Anybody else watching all these documentaries during quarantine?

[@glennericnaylor276]

@@johndonahue3162 mbps mm mmmm.m. m

[@rubynibs]

Would never allow myself to be quarantined; I am not weak minded.

[@mns8732]

@@rubynibs May I speak at your funeral?

[@rubynibs]

@@mns8732 It will be many decades ago. No weak-minded will be allowed to even attend, let alone speak. This means all weenies who wore masks will be turned away, with great guffaws, because that's what you do when you turn away mind-numbing sheeple: you guffaw as you watch them trot -- or slither -- away.

[@leeleila256]

I am very interesting

[@Clyde.artwork]

Just discovered this channel. What an absolute wealth of cultural history.

[@Aikitrad]

I was really enjoying the adverts which were ruined by some history documentary interruption every few minutes.

[@destubae3271]

Skip to the end, press replay. Ads gone

[@anemicsilence]

🤣👍

[@olivermoore7020]

@@destubae3271 That actually works! I never knew that. Useful.

[@scoon2117]

Get premium breh

[@panzerabwerkanone]

Besides the aquaduct, sanitation, the roads, irrigation, medicine, education, public baths, law and order, the wine. What did the Roman's ever give Britain?

[@diogopinto9462]

That guy that won the EPL with Leicester the other day ? Just kidding ....

[@alanaadams7440]

😆 lol

[@davidcoleman2463]

Life is Brian. ! Lol

[@matthewbarker9134]

Catholicism.

[@johnryan9647]

Huh? the britains had laws and a societal order before the roman conquest, if you don't think so please explain how and why they had chieftains and tribal territories?

[@104thDIVTimberwolf]

Note to advertisers and KZbin; if you keep interrupting what I am trying to watch, I will carefully avoid your products. Too many interruptions and I will just move on.

[@marinazagrai1623]

SOOOOO right....the advertisers are succeeding in literally "pissing" us off; we don't watch some sicko tattooed artists or something gory...they should count their lucky stars that people like us are watching their shows. We have our own tooth paste, and means of avoiding flatulence.

[@sick3795]

Adblocker

[@user-dt3rj8qm3k]

@@sick3795 Which one?

[@SunnyKiss1982]

You do know the ones who own this channel also controls how many ads show up in a video they uploads, right?

[@user-dt3rj8qm3k]

@@SunnyKiss1982 ~ Didn't know that. Not a "youtuber". Please enlighten me...

[@waynehieatt5962]

sword in the stone story comes from the Volsunga sagas, where Odin (or Wodne) thrust a magical sword, called Gram, into an oak tree, and the one who drew it out would receive it as a gift from him, and wouldn't be disappointed with it. Sigmund drew it out but had to fight to keep it as other more powerful people wanted it. Sigmund dies in battle wielding Gram, but during the battle Odin broke it (can't remember why). Dying Sigmund tells his wife to collect the pieces of the sword and keep them for their unborn son. The son was born Sigurd, and he gets the sword remade and uses it to kill Fafnir (a dragon - German, or dwarf - Norse/Icelandic) and made his people, the Volsungs, wealthy from the treasure (including a magic ring). After that, the Volsungs begin a pretty quick decline, ending when the last Volsung noblewoman is forcibly married to a Burgundian King, and the Volsungs are absorbed. I hope I got it right.

[@simonholyoak8869]

You did

[@jeffinkhobar5711]

Wow! Now this is an elucidating reference! Thank you!

[@janebaker966]

Fabulous.

[@GoodVideos4]

I saw in a 1936 Encyclopedia Brittanica, I still have it, that the coast of England wasn't the same in for instance the time of ancient Rome, as now. That's because of sections of land having been eroded away, into the sea. It also showed a map of those sections of land.

[@edwardrawn8157]

"In my work as a prehistorian....", "In my work as a prehistorian...", "In my work as a prehistorian..." - How afraid was this guy that we were gonna mistake him for an historian?

[@philaypeephilippotter6532]

Probably not at all. He's just an extrovert.

[@BrendaOwens]

😂 😆

[@Ohne_Silikone]

Waiting for a time when his kingdom needs him again... right about now would be splendid.

[@SecondTake123]

😂

[@annechester770]

Better start dredging the lakes then

[@jammydodger1982]

There is a legend of king Arthur, in Cheshire at Alderley edge, where he and his Knights are supposed to be hiding out until the time England needs him again.

[@christopherrobinhulligerhu4327]

Miss Informed Uther is neeed now

[@nikkolettguyer4913]

Miss Informed I believe he has already returned as Winston Churchill As during ww2 the prime minister had more power than the royal family for Britain need Arthur then.

[@jamtraptabogin5673]

I wish they would hone in more of the specific history. They do take some creative leaps at times particularly around Roman occupation

[@RobBoudreau]

Haven't seen this in ages. Hopefully they'll be putting up the rest of the series.

[@zoetropo1]

Last year I learnt that the FitzRandolph and Randoll men are a specific variant of R1b-U152 that originates in central Italy during the Roman Republic. This is especially significant because genealogically they are male-line descendants of the Breton Sovereign House and Alan Rufus’s epitaph indicates descent from the Aurelii, specifically the Aurelii Cottae. Archaeologically, in early third century Carlisle, Aurelia Aureliana was the wife of Ulpius Apolinaris. A letter by Sidonius Apollinaris in the latter 5th century shows him to be a close friend and admirer of a man with the title ‘Riothamus’, High King of the Britons (or Bretons), almost certainly the same person as Ambrosius Aurelianus and therefore active in both Britain and Gaul.

[@SabbaticusRex]

Ah-HAH . Yes .. That is fantastic information and all -- but WHAT GEOMETRIC SHAPE WAS Ambrosius Aurelianus' KITCHEN OR DINING ROOM TABLE , Hmmmm ?

[@Octarin]

I am Greek and I love seeing parallels drawns between legends. We have the same legend here of the mighty strategist and commander, the god king Alexander the Great who will, one day when the "kingdom" is in peril, rise again to defend us. It seems cultures everywhere share this instinctive need for a deified protector and saviour, who embodies the best of them. Amazing really. But why is this commentator so... aggressive? I don't think anyone disputes that there was a thriving civilization before the Roman invasions. Quite the contrary actually, by my reckoning.

[@juliepeters3716]

All humanity has these myths because deep in their hearts they know the truth of the Son of God and have a yearning for Him.

[@kadeh2661]

@@juliepeters3716 come on we were all talking about history and then you have to bring Religion into it.. 😑😑

[@alisonrhodes7312]

Not aggressive. Passionate.

[@kryts27]

Well, Greeks naturally have a Mediterranean-centric veiw of themselves, and (combined with the Romans who conquered the Greeks in 148 BC) naturally dismiss from their narrow minds the Celts who were the dominant people north of the Alps from Britain to the West through central and Eastern Europe to Anatolia to the East (until Caesar's greedy conquest of Gaul). Although illiterate, the warlike Celts were not some poor naked savages covered in woad (which is a blue dye used by warriors to paint their faces on the battlefield, the Romans also sometimes used a red dye called minum to paint their faces), but had a sopisticated culture including intricate metalwork (a testimony to the skills of Celtic gold and silver smiths), an abstract style called curvilinear art in the La Tene style which adorned their sword scabbards and shields, but also theur iron smiths produced sophisticated weapons and armour, including long swords (the Roman gladius sword was short) and helms with metal figurine crests of animals, such as eagles with flapping wings. It's not well known but the Celts invented chain mail, long before the Roman legions adopted this body armour. Not the miserly cultural product of some poor backward rural people without cities, skilled artisans and wide trading networks including minted coins.

[@eurosonly]

I feel the same way about the host.

[@iwantursocks6375]

"Now all this would be fine, if it weren't complete rubbish!" Love the sass in that line.

[@daphnebrinson9119]

iwant ursocks ffkdf fis was fdaxuxusdiuxjCj azkxjaxjazjjjzjzjjz

[@dianayates6446]

Definitely made me LOL! 😂

[@juttamaier2111]

I am surprized that he keeps mentioning the roman invaders would have anihilated the local culture. They never did. They run over whatever tribe or society they conquered, took slaves, took the gold, took the young men of their leaders to have them educated as Romans in Rome and had them later return to their families, so they would cooperate better, and introduced their system to control the conquered and collect taxes, but other than that, they let the other cultures be. They were never interested in turning everybody into Romans.

[@SVanTha]

sums up this British propaganda video quite well.

[@richardlindquist5936]

yes, other than that.

[@SandyRiverBlue]

We have a similar tradition of "giving a weapon to a lake" in the modern era. It has more to do with obfuscating a crime. These archaeologists can be so sentimental.

[@lindahughes2289]

Funny

[@MrScipio72]

Pryor is a wonderful archaeologist but he has always downplayed the impact of the Romans in Britain. However, I do agree him to be right in that the iron age cultures were 'subsumed' and not destroyed by Roman occupation. Ireland and Scotland (not called either at the time) were pretty much untouched.

[@cyclingseagull]

What about the genocide of the Druids?

[@grahamfisher5436]

@@cyclingseagull sorry... never watched Dr who

[@scrubsrc4084]

Their effect was far less than is claimed, they changed the languages completely of places they controlled for as long like Spain and france

[@jh1859]

Yes, nothing is ever absolute. Spain and France were more romanized one could say based on their language and how it became latinized. British didn't become a romance language, perhaps because it just wasn't as much converted (due to lack of time?) Ah, but it did become a German language, right?

[@TheShootist]

@@cyclingseagull bad things happen to people who eat other people.

[@tazkrebbeks3391]

I do so love your videos. Please continue making more.

[@BListHistory]

10:52 there's a place in Demnark where they found a lot of Roman swords that were tossed at the bottom of a lake, which confuses people because we know there was a Roman law that non-Romans weren't allowed to own Roman-made weapons.

[@barkunderjord3708]

There are several "Roman" finds in Sweden too, not least at the island Öland. It's believed that many Scandinavian warriors fought in the Roman army and afterwards they brought with them Roman things.

[@monikalucbauerova2633]

The question is what and whom Romans would have considered Roman. If I remember correctly, they had an actual law that defined it and if I'm not completely mistaken, you could become Roman even if you weren't born one. But I havve no idea who issued it (I THINK Traian) when it dates and until when it was valid.

[@scottricklaroque7428]

You could indeed become a Roman citizen without being born there, in fact all the places they conquered became part of Rome and therefore the people were considered Romans, as well as many people from other countries going to join the Roman army just to make a living and be fed well because of much poverty in many places. As long as you swore allegiance to Rome and whichever Caesar was the leader at the time you were welcomed, just don't expect to become a senator or anything like that. lol

[@technicoloryaya549]

Tom Palfrey... Septimus Severus was indeed from a northern African Provence but was born in Lybia. Just because a person is born on the African content does not mean they are of the darkest races. He was, if these lines were drawn at the time, of the Arabic tribes, not the South African tribes.

[@Albukhshi]

He wasn't an Arab. He was Punic, on his father's side (his mother's was Italian). His wife was the Arab (or rather, of Arab descent). Punic people are a sub-branch of the Canaanites, which the Jewish and Samaritan peoples also derive from. They're closely related, but not the same, as Arabs (and in those days, looked like them too). You're otherwise right: he wasn't black: there's a Painting of him with his family, and he looks typical for a guy from his neck of the woods (i.e., North Africa): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Septimusseverustondo.jpg

[@chris.asi_romeo]

Love watching documentaries like this

[@Exnem]

A personal gift from Augustus! Imagine how much that is worth.

[@hereforthecommentsection9451]

I’ve binge watched virtually all of the UKs history at this point. I know more about it than my own homeland.

[@BigAidsIII]

Worth doing - the history of these islands is absolutely incredible.

[@Anon-cz5oe]

Where are you from?

[@hereforthecommentsection9451]

@@Anon-cz5oe United States

[@samsativa245]

@@hereforthecommentsection9451 Your homeland may be the US but your Motherland is Britain

[@SC4RP]

You can tell just by the intro; this is going to be fascinating.

[@zegikniet9999]

such great stuff! thanks

[@jf13579]

Wish I could go on an archaeological journey...

[@michael7324]

Me too. Ids do that stuff for free.

[@oldtimer5283]

My back garden is full of treasures. .you can come dig it up if your that keen 😊😊😊

[@Insectoid_]

Wish I could go on a journey through time.

[@OanhSchlesinger]

I wish to meet King Edward VIII - my hero! Really, everything associated with ancient history.

[@robdee81]

You will do one day ...... hopefully not too soon though.

[@mariamarchese8405]

That's so interesting! However, throughout the video I couldn't help thinking of the Daily Mash headline: "King Arthur returns with impractical sword-based plan".

[@diogopinto9462]

Hi gorgeous

[@jonkeogh3160]

The subject of King Arthur is a minefield! In my postgraduate thesis on the Saxon settlement, I dedicated one page to explaining why I would avoid the topic of Arthur completely. Way too much of a headache to think about!

[@nuggetoftruth-ericking7489]

I really enjoyed this. Thanks

[@dustinmasterson411]

Arthur and his story is the product of a society who chose not to write things down. I think he existed and his story has been embellished so that it would become legend and people would remember it.

[@KipIngram]

I'm watching with interest. I will try to keep an open mind, but I have to confess that it feels very much like you started out knowing what you wanted to find. I'll d my best, but I hope you admit that the opening has a biased sound to it. I honestly would love for you to be right - I'm a descendant of the region myself. I'll comment again later - cheers, mate.

[@Rhiannonganon]

I'd recognise porchester castle anywhere, I grew up with it near enough in my backyard, fond memories indeed

[@brucehunter8355]

Love the narrator & writing The whole production is well done! @kittywaymo Sheila Hunter & Bruce Hunter MD

[@StephEWaterstram]

It Breaks My Heart to see His expanded Family is a divided Empire!

[@saramarinoni5878]

The Romans never said that they 'came, saw and conquered' Britain, as it is implied in the video (minute 32.27).The famous phrase is attributed to Ceaser who allegedly used it in a letter to the Roman Senate around 47 BC after he had won the battle of Zela against King Pharnaces II of Pontus.

[@cleganebowldog6626]

the use of the swan to show sarcasm at 6:49 was hilarious.

[@okiwatashi2349]

All the timeline programs are great, it’s such a shame about the ridiculous amount of adverts.

[@TheShootist]

i have no adverts. of course I use Opera for winders.

[@TheYanbibiya]

And one day he will return, and again, and again. He will defend this magic land forever and ever

[@AmateurSurgeonThe3rd]

1:51 You're not supposed to straight up declare that you intend to work back from your conclusion if you want to remain credible

[@gsmiley2707]

Brits do this in academia. I was also astonished at this when I did my MA; "the introduction is the last thing you write"... Makes no sense.

[@warrenbernauer]

The method of investigation and the method of presentation need not be the same.

[@RUfrikkinkiddinME]

That's how you get funding these days, you start with an approved conclusion.

[@matthewbarker9134]

It just looks like that because the documentary narration was written after the research was done. They didn't make the intro beforehand.

[@AlbertonBeastmaster]

@@gsmiley2707 It makes perfect sense. The introduction is meant to be a snapshot of your entire assignment. In order to know where the assignment is going you need to write it first. Some piece of research you discover could change the course of it completely and then you'd have to go back and rewrite your introduction. Not so bad on a 2000 word essay, bit of a bugger if it's a 10,000 word dissertation!

[@Teresa-ih4sn]

Oh Francis wonderful, must watch!

[@christopherarnold3844]

It's amazing they find things like gold signet rings still at the owners residence. That has to be statistically astronomical in the chances.

[@santanamauricio]

Nothing new about how the Romans operated in what they called Briton. They did that everywhere, look at the local gods and incorporate them into their religion, get some local king and make him Roman and a puppet.

[@centurionyt4472]

Mauricio Eduardo Santana I love that they believed that other cultures gods existed and had power of over the places they were invaded, so they didn’t underestimate those who they conquered

[@nowthenzen]

This is the same guy who says the Anglo Saxons where like Time Share visitors who just overstayed their lease

[@jeffinkhobar5711]

I literally gasped out loud when he stated that the early Christians were Gnostics! That’s amazing!

[@TheShootist]

early Christians were all about secret knowledge which only the converted may know.

[@MrKnight19971]

Can we stop and appreciate the CG rendering in this? It's actually really good.

[@nowthenzen]

No one ever assume the Romans wiped out culture and customs, they did not.

[@CharterForGaming]

indeed, there is a word called Romanisation. slowly merging the cultures of the romans with that of the natives. to reduce riots and keep the people somewhat happy. It's how the christians created christmas, using the "barbaric cultures" solstice and merging it with the christian belief of the birth of christ.

[@Finecabinets1]

They had formats for building towns as well, a theatre, bath, etc.

[@si4632]

@idoj654123 Elizabeth the evil witch are you having a laugh haha

[@si4632]

burning Christians at the stake is what they were both about

[@MikeGreenwood51]

@@CharterForGaming Tholyn Seeing as hot the Christian Apocalyptian Cult was based on the already existing religion. It's a bit much calling other's barbaric when Christians try to surplant others (Rip-offs) to call the other's theres.

[@outrider53]

What this guy says flies in the face of the warlike nature of Celtic society even long before Rome. To believe these people simply welcomed invaders who took their land is pure moonshine.

[@justsayin3647]

Jeff Fowler I'm not sure. Look at Merkle, Macron, May and the EU. Look at liberal California today - you gotta wonder. Other than written text, archeology is mostly just theory and conjecture anyway. Even a lot of the written text is based on medieval beliefs and superstition.

[@cerimccoy]

Just what is your interpretation of this documentary based on? The warlike nature of the Celts? Can i give you a wake up call... I was born in Wales, speak Welsh and know the history. I've read the original books in the language and Latin. To say and I quote "Flies in the face of the warlike nature Celtic society..." is bunkum. There is no homogeneous "Celtic" society and nor has there ever been. This word Celtic started being used to describe a sort of Pan-Celtic european twilight around the time of W.B. Yeats et al. In reality, the extant documents use the word Britons or Cymru. Additionally, the people thought of themselves in terms of their region, Tribe and later, Rome. After that, the Cymru in reaction to the word Wealdh (Welsh), a germanic word meaning foreign. You will not find the word Celt or too many descriptions of the Warlike people other than in the political tomes of Caeser and other conquerers and raiders. Read some books.

[@juttamaier2111]

Celtic tribes were first of all traders. In the Alpine regions they traded as far back as with the ancient Greeks, and later on with the Romans . But they also had quarrels with each other, and when the Romans realized there was gold to collect, they were too weak and unorganized to defend themselves. You guys seem to forget and Celts lived on the mainland North of the Alps as well. There was an Exodus of more than 100'000 celts from today's Switzerland to France after Julius Cesar had ransacked them, but the Gauls were defeated as well so they had to return and do as they were told. The Romans didn't stay long, though. I guess they didn't like the mountains. All their ruins are found in the lowlands.

[@frater7576]

Centuries of relative peace tends to erode the warlike nature of a people.

[@syrpsppr]

Celtic? Most of the people living in the south had been living as Romans for close to 400 years.

[@Centurion101B3C]

Well, looking at the particular part of the weapons in the water and correlating the findings with the geography, I find it rather obvious to see that the sites of where most weapons were discarded into the water were at points where causeways met with dry land. These would normally be places where gates or toll-houses would be located and where local 'authorities' would exert some measure of control. It stands to reason that part of that control would be restriction of carrying weaponry, so weapons would be taken from travelers and expediently discarded into the marshes.

[@laurajaneluvsbeauty9596]

I just love history so much, although there’s way too many ads these days 🙄

[@_x..Jamie..x_]

Pay for youtube premium if you don't like the ads.

[@laurajaneluvsbeauty9596]

Jamie who asked for your opinion

[@_x..Jamie..x_]

LauraJane LuvsBeauty if you don’t want other people’s opinions don’t post public comments online. Simple as that. Also what I said isn’t an opinion it’s a fact. Factually if you want the content “for free” then you watch whatever ads they put in. If you don’t want the ads then you pay for the content aka KZbin premium. Simple. Content like this it’s never truly free, you choose what you want to pay with, your time and patience or money.

[@hogtied12]

Man this stuff lifts the heart what a country we have

[@TheShootist]

had. it's been given away to all and sundry since 1947.

[@flipshroomz9379]

Arthur!.. wake up!.. your nation needs you again!.. BREXIT!!! 🖐👀🖑

[@karlosthejackel69]

Arthrexit

[@kevinthompson6864]

History is so fascinating

[@tracybeme1597]

Disposing of swords in water; sounds like Britain's first weapons reduction program, to me. The added bonus is that lowers couldn't smite the higher order in half.

[@harryzero1566]

The weapons left close to causeways which had a monastery at the end have a much more pragmatic reason for being there. Weapons could not be taken into a place of sanctuary, so therefore had to be abandoned, ( possibly with the hope of recovery). Weapons offered into the water in a funereal context might have been carried out by the wealthy, but not by the less affluent as worked metal tools and weapons were too valuable to discard. For such large numbers of weapons to be discarded, early post Roman populations would have had to have a disproportionate affluent demographic within the relatively sparse population. This would have been highly unlikely. I visualise small and possibly large groups of fleeing warriors escaping pursuit along the wooden causways, discarding weapons as they sought sanctuary. The abbeys and monasteries were sites on elevated land to avoid flooding and needed the causeways to initially build them and then service their needs.

[@greggapowell67]

excellent hypothesis

[@davideddy2672]

Smashed it!

[@dannymiester5825]

This is clever thinking my friend, it sounds correct to me, I can imagine this happening

[@paxwallacejazz]

I trust the Python interpretation.

[@weldonwin]

"Strange women, laying in ponds distributing swords is no basis for a system of goverment"

[@notsureiL]

I trust in the knights who say ni.

[@gehtdianschasau8372]

What have the Romans ever done for us?

[@RatelHBadger]

@@gehtdianschasau8372 the Aqueducts

[@callum105]

@@RatelHBadger apart from the aqueducts

[@drejlangseth2579]

Thx for making a chunk of faded history actually relevant, necessary and with Aurther representing CS Lewis' the Lion Aslan--the King of England's Camelot. Perhaps a touch of science to validate the modulating frequencies grounding the "myths"-& Celts mixing old and new in the floor mosaics, the Lion (Aslan) King Aurther becomes the victorious Christ separate from Rome as per St Augustine

[@jammydodger1982]

There is a legend of king Arthur, in Cheshire at Alderley edge, where he Merlin and his Knights are supposed to be hiding out until the time England needs him again.

[@alisonrhodes7312]

The Wierdstone of Brisingamen and the Moon of Gomrath. Young adult novels by Alan something, I think, about the Alderly Edge myths. Good fun.

[@jamesrule4074]

A new drinking game - Every time this guy says "as a prehistorian" take a drink.

[@BListHistory]

10:31 okay that's pretty rad

[@markheimiller2082]

I totally agree with you... I am fascinated with and totally in love with the art of metallurgy and blacksmithing, forging, smelting, etc... The way it has impacted our history and the advancement of mankind and society and culture throughout the bronze age through to the iron age, then the discovery of industrial steel making processes and steam power leading us into the industrial revolution where we are now... For thousands of years up until just recently everything used to be handmade, and most everything we did and most every daily activity required tools of some sort or something that was metal. So pretty much every community required a blacksmith and forge to craft the metal tools and parts and to keep them in working condition also. So although we don't depend on a blacksmith to be a pillar of every community anymore and most everything we use in our lives is mass produced in a factory somewhere, I still think that nothing can come close to a hand-crafted tool or piece that a blacksmith has crafted himself with his own hands and his own mind. I find a good quality hand-crafted tool to be superior in quality and aesthetics also, especially if using a Damascus/layered steel technique to get an awesome design to come through in the finished piece.... Some of the Damascus steel knives/swords and other things I've seen art just pure beauty and the craft of making Damascus Steel is like an art of its own, it is truly amazing what some guys can do with the different patterns.

[@santanamauricio]

That was done on time team and it was an other archeologist who came up with this reasoning and he did say at the time, "but this is speculation on our part"

[@brittanyreasor3677]

I was really hoping this was going to be hosted by Tony Robinson or Mary Beard!

[@whf5667]

It's quite amazing how the narrator's voice sounds like Snape at times 😂

[@michellemarie1197]

I so one day want to travel to england!!! It seems so magical!!!

[@NeuroticLobster]

It isn't, it's like any other Western country.

[@RatelHBadger]

There's just one grumpy old bloke in an overcoat standing in a farm field, shouting at clouds... it's not much to write home about!

[@jamescam04]

Not when you get there, it ain’t 😊😊

[@victoriateague9012]

Where was King Arthur during World war's 1 and 2. But I do love the lore of Arthur.

[@marasol7169]

Vickie Ballard Why ??

[@zoetropo1]

Vickie Ballard: Douglas MacArthur would have proudly accepted British gratitude for smacking the Japanese out of the British Far East.

[@nikkolettguyer4913]

Vickie Ballard I believe he was reborn as Winston Churchill as the prime minister has more to than the king or queen

[@antmagor]

By any chance is there a documentary that chronicles the mythic timeline of King Arthur from beginning to end? I ask because I keep seeing all these adaptations of the Arthur story, I would like to see how the original story is said to have happened. And I know there are different variants, But this is also true of Robin Hood and I have a sense of how that played out, Arthur not so much.

[@stewartkinsey1054]

Cadbury castle..... sounds delicious :)

[@olliephelan]

8:30 , lol....those place-name signs are in IRELAND "

[@renastreetman3184]

Is it possible that King Arthur and his 12 knights are a metaphor for Jesus and his 12 disciples?

[@frightbat208]

Rena Streetman I wonder about this too. The similarities are there. Was Arthur a pagan tale that was morphed into a take similar to Jesus’ story?

[@PeppermintLife5]

@@frightbat208 It's both. It was a pretty Celtic tale at first and got Christianised over time. This actually brought most of the elements we know of like the Knights, Holy Grail, Lancelot's love affair in general, while stuff like Merlin, Lady if the Lake, and Avalon was Celtic. I may be wrong but that's what I know of.

[@StephEWaterstram]

Much like how Constantine interpreted Christianity as a Religion based on the Greek Deities and a Jewish Rebel Guru "Yeshua" who's story really happened in the book of Isaiah, The names of the Legend of King Arthur were cognate editions of the original Celtic names as explained in this video kzbin.info/www/bejne/iHPWimtugc6lY6M

[@therubberbandman3008]

@@StephEWaterstram I was thinking the same thing. Lancelot was this story's version if Judas.

[@SavageMinnow]

More like they’re both bastardized versions of the same myth.

[@zedamyann12]

I might be tripping, but at 26:16 it sounds like th ey used Sai’s thème from Naruto?

[@westminstercovenanter912]

Questionable, but interesting!

[@_GOD_HAND_]

But what's his view as a pre-historian?

[@naglma]

I'll tell you what they didn't have in the dark ages - long swords with cross guards.

[@Crispvs1]

Actually, they did have, although only some swords did. Those that did just didn't have cross guards quite as wide as those of later medieval swords.

[@markusarrow]

bloody awesome sir tony rob got it all going...get crackin lol

[@ray.shoesmith]

Just scroll to the end and then hit the 🔄 rewatch button. No ads.

[@MichaelSmith-ij2ut]

23:34 Haven't been invaded since 1066? Louis VIII of France and William of Orange would like a word with you.

[@ouroborosi]

It is not a invasion if you let them in. the Earls didn't like Henry III so they tried with Louis the people didn't want a non protestant king so they elllected the kings daughter and her cousin Because if these are invaders then you can ad Matilda I (just incase that is Henry's II mother) as one to

[@herewardofliverpool1662]

William of Orange was invited in to England he didn't invade

[@TheLeonhamm]

@@herewardofliverpool1662 Not by his father-in-law, the lawful reigning king, and the legitimately appointed government, he wasn't .. but of course history does tend to be a matter of perspective - not truth.

[@extolzebulon9831]

I believe king Arthur will be found in Wales or Scotland.

[@christopherjameslee3341]

I grew up along the Witham valley in the region where the Witham Shield was discovered.

[@BigOscarMan]

Always enjoy Francis.

[@-o-light8863]

Is Arturo the English Elvis?

[@alardrik1713]

I'm just here to let you know that this guy is a prehistorian. Just in case he didn't make it clear the dozens of times he said it.

[@KipIngram]

17:55 - Why on EARTH would it be odd for a causeway to determine the location of an abbey??? It led to the first spot of ground you put your foot on - of course the abbey wanted to be right there. So that everyone who arrived would walk by.

[@JanetAlexandermusic]

Yes. I love watching them

[@RedwoodTheElf]

And then we'll find out that "Arthur" was really a roman centurion named "Arcturus"

[@Crispvs1]

'Centurons' were a thing of the past by then. The officers of equivalent rank in the later empire were known as 'Ordinarius' (singular) or 'Ordinarii' (plural).

[@thhseeking]

Thwow him to the gwound, Centuwion...woughly!

[@dougg1075]

Why so many church sites in such a small area ? These folks have never been to Alabama, where there are churches on every corner:)

[@Crispvs1]

Alabama is mostly not waterlogged and is not composed largely of swamps, which is what the Fens were.

[@matthewbarker9134]

Not in those days!

[@pogonetwork6507]

Quite detailed:)

[@TheShootist]

17:50 why is the crossing of a fen by boat "dangerous"?

[@tophers3756]

He may know about archaeology, but not much about Arthurian literature apparently. Arthurian symbolism won't say much about Roman Britain as those legends originated in medieval Europe, primarily France. That indicates the traditions didn't survive, but were created in some sort of parallel in France.Also, yes, the Roman did absorb local deities into their culture by identfying them with similar Roman gods, but they became essentially Roman. I think it's likely people in the countryside kept old ways, but as elsewhere the people of influence, the urban centers, and the educated would have adopted Roman customs.

[@mrdarren1045]

No the legend of Arthur originates in Britain... mostly Wales. It was the French who tacked on a few daft romantic stories about lancelot (an in joke in itself). But the true legend of Arthur was most definitely born in Britain. The Britons who fought the Saxons obviously had some leader. Why wouldn't his name have been Arthur?

[@VCYT]

TRUE: Current DNA study shows the original Brits were never replaced - like this program says.

[@thhseeking]

They mentioned that on a Time Team dig where they tested Phil Harding. His ancestry was British, not Worzel Gummidge, with some very ancient addition from the Dordogne, which made him happy because they had good flint-knappers there :D

[@gabrielalexanderkhoury73]

No mention of Boudica's revolt in 60-61 AD.

[@KingFluffs]

Graham Phillips has wrote a few brilliant books on King Arthur if anyone's interested.

[@hogwashmcturnip8930]

Ah, yes, Phillips. The man who claims to have found the Grail, the holy Lance, the Ark of the Covenant, and all of them in Shropshire. I wouldn't rely too heavily on him for facts.

[@jfjoubertquebec]

41:12 First use of the word "Celtic" ... Oo

[@mmneander1316]

Indeed!! Very strange that they almost never use the term "Celt" in this video. Makes me doubt whether this docu is intended as historically educational.

[@hoshboshbgosh514]

I'm finding myself drawing comparison to the story of Jesus. 12 Knights, to return again. etc. interesting

[@SavageMinnow]

Hoshbosh B'Gosh yes, two different versions of the same myth.

[@thhseeking]

The ARthurian legends as we have them date from Christian times, so yes, they were likely written to mirror Christian mythology.

[@quique7764]

Starting @ 15:13 I'm skeptical about the whole ritualistic theory considering the majority of these finds were at or near the entrances of these causeways which suggests they were either battles or accidentally dropped. If this were a ritual I imagine they would go to the center of the causeway given rituals are highly ceremonial. And the fact that these weapons were so expensive does not lend itself to the theory either plus wouldn't there be thousands of more finds if this was a nation wide ritual? Sounds great but highly romantic but unlikely imo.

[@greggapowell67]

Agree........."I imagine they would go to the center of the causeway given rituals are highly ceremonial"

[@philaypeephilippotter6532]

@@greggapowell67 Oddly the native *Britons* of the time were obsessed with _edges,_ an obsession that we'd certainly find weird. These _edge_ offerings are well documented on bronze age sites all over *Britain* and, yes, there are _thousands_ of them.

[@ChaseOGLP]

This channel is awesome to sleep to

[@azraelbatosi]

I’m just not sure how someone can say the early medieval period...anywhere, but, specifically Britain, equaled any segment of the overall classical period...population dropped/decentralized, technology was lost, public works diminished, warfare was endemic, reading/writing was nearly forgotten, scholarship greatly diminished, and hygiene was essentially reset to 0.

[@Circuit_Whisperer]

Huh, so that's where England got their "We were invited in" mantra for world exploration.

[@brahilly]

Anyone else notice at 1:40 in the background, an island looking like a man lying on his back?

[@jcb5782]

In truth, he doesn’t have a lot to do with this documentary, but as soon as it showed us those earthwork ramparts I kept thinking of Vespasian, truly a forgotten Roman general in Britain. If Caesar is the invader, Vespasian is the conqueror.

[@antonleimbach648]

To many commercials!

[@wolventhrone1631]

Get Adblock Plus

[@santanamauricio]

normal add blocker works just as well

[@wawful]

Ever tried scrolling to the end of the video and replaying it?

[@user-ge8yn4ql4i]

The KZbin app seems to ignore a lot of them. I see the points where they ought to be, but they don't get triggered.

[@anneonimous9306]

You have two free solutions. 1. Use a free adblocker. 2. Get rid of the ads yourself manually. You can do this by dragging the video almost all the way to the end (a few seconds before it ends) and wait for it to finish, then press replay. It will replay with no ads because you have tricked it into thinking that you've already watched it. Tip: if it doesn't work the first time, have patience and try again! Drag it to the end again and press replay again until you see the little yellow markers (place markers for the ads) disappear. Sometimes it takes two or three attempts of dragging it to the end to get rid of the ads, but it's worth it. It's important not to drag it ALL the way to the end. You've got to drag it to a point where there are a few seconds still left to play. Then wait for it to finish, then press replay.

[@lisabriskey]

I love this documentary.

[@maisiecarruthers695]

Lisa Briskey I love you ☺

[@JonasUllenius]

Leonardo D did have a say in the creation of his art and the ones that did make things in this video what did they have?