Radicalization of the French Revolution (French Revolution: Part 6)

www.tomrichey.net/frenchrevolu...
The French Revolution began as a liberal revolution in 1789 but by 1793, the revolution had been taken over by the radical Jacobin faction. In this installment of my French Revolution series, I examine the changes that took place between 1791 and 1793 that transformed the French Revolution from a liberal revolution seeking a constitutional monarchy to a radical revolution seeking an egalitarian republic. The radicalization was a product of Louis XVI's indecision, the start of the French Revolutionary Wars, and the growing clout of the Jacobin clubs.
Topics Included: Chapelier Law, Flight to Varennes, Declaration of Pillnitz, French Revolutionary Wars, September Massacres, the French Republic, the National Convention, and the Trial Execution of Louis XVI.
This lecture is chiefly intended for AP European History students, but will be good for World History and Western Civilization courses, as well as lifelong learners.
To download the PowerPoint slides for this lecture, visit my website:
www.tomrichey.net/slides/histo...

[@lukezafiris1449]

thank you tom richey you are my hero

[@nami5959]

I have an exam coming up tomorrow and this video helps a lot! Thanks so much :)

[@TheAndrewSchneider]

Really comprehensive coverage! And I do speak French myself, so I understand why it is good that these are written tests...

[@Andrew-bz4yo]

thanks mate, your videos are one of the only ones I've found that make learning about the french revolution bearable

[@gildasp.olenga4452]

Very useful for us to know about the great events that left their mark on the world history!

[@geraldinehunter7832]

Nice Job. Really enjoyed your video. Thanks for speaking so clearly and precise.

[@Rutenium98]

Thank you for making these videos! Love them as much as I love you great French! Reminds me of Aldo Raine from the Inglorious Basterds.

[@ArtieArchives]

History tends to repeat itself.

[@tahliapeck2639]

I have just discovered your channel and it is so helpful! I'm in my senior year and need as much help to get a perfect score as I can, do you have a video on the Terror?

[@mariayacoub4667]

Hey! Your videos have been so helpful to prepare for my ap euro national exam and I have watched every ap euro video you have made! I would really appreciate it if you could make a video about the causes of the fall of the soviet union and decolonization. My exam is going to be this Friday, wish me good luck!

[@EMPEREUREMPEREUR]

VIVE LA REVOLUTION!

[@fredericferreira2383]

A great book that talks about the reign of terror ; 93 by Victor Hugo. Great video by Tom, as usual. Greetings from France !

[@fredericferreira2383]

www.goodreads.com/book/show/63037.Ninety_Three

[@JoelLikesThis]

Really really helpful, thanks

[@rodolphekoehly3909]

Radicalization was also a fair way to fight against the new jacobin oppression (i.e. the republican dictatorship, just ask for thee real story of Marrat), which is clearly visible with changes made on the human rights declaration between the one of 1789 and 1793: as the 1789 revolution was the revolution of the rich (bourgeoisie Parisienne principalement), it did not change much for the reset of France, which led to the apparition of the Girondins and many new articles concerning The protections of the citizens against their own government. The 1793 version even ends with the art 35: "When the government violates the rights of the people, insurrection is for the people and for each portion of the people the most sacred of rights and the most indispensable of duties."... which sounds quite radical, but also quit fair when necessary... And it is interesting to realise our leaders always prefer to refer to the 1789 version that does not include such ideas, and the UN versions of the human rights accepted by 183 countries in 1946, was the 1789 version and not 1793 one.... which radically exposes actual conflicts of interest upon present oligarchic super power vs human rights! So wether radical or not, there is still a real "rêve d'évolution" to be achieved.

[@genilito4209]

when will come out the video Reign of Terror?

[@nouranelhadary3898]

Thank you so much!

[@rodolphekoehly3909]

Hi there, thanks for this video. Currently and according to Proudon or more recently Michel Onfray or Etienne Chouard (sort of the new Girondins philosophers), Jacobins (i.e. Paris Oligarchy) are still in power in France and are sort of the new Kings. Girondins are nearly powerless and especially oppose to Jacobins in the idea that political powers should be more equally spread into regions instead of being centralised in Paris...

[@shalvahkats2521]

Hey great video! could you make a video on how the Jacobins gained power during 1793. Thanks

[@rosscampbell1173]

“ Virtue without terror is powerless”. -Robespierre

[@randomnesshappens4493]

I love your mug!

[@abbyanderson55]

Hi Mr Richey! I doubt you will see this but it would be so so helpful to me and my class if you could upload a video soon that really talks about the Napoleonic wars and the end of the French Rev. I know you are very busy but it would be a huge help! Keep up the great work!

[@ezandman6804]

13:00 Did you just censor an old historical picture?

[@urin1337]

E Zandman Americana man

[@vivianvasquez9355]

Hi Mr. Richey! My AP Euro class is just finishing up the French Revolution. At what point do you think we should be at and as a student, what can I do to prepare for all the material left in quite a short period of time? Thanks for the awesome videos; I have a DBQ on human rights during the French Revolution tomorrow and this really helps.

[@tomrichey]

As far as pacing, that's for each teacher to decide. I'm at 1848 but some are ahead of me and some are behind me. I'd recommend downloading my Romulus Euro app on your phone to help review and check out Albert.io (and e-mail Will to see about a discount), which is a helpful source of questions. I also have a 10 Week Study Plan available on my website.

[@vivianvasquez9355]

Thank you!

[@talesfromthemoribund702]

Good video but your facts are off about the guillotine. After several people's heads were cut off, the blade began to dull. They didn't make common practice to sharpen it all that often, especially between beheadings and many a time it needed to raise and drop 3, 4 times before effectively beheading a prisoner.

[@bernamej]

The Montagnards did not call themselves like that in reference to their higher seats (this is a common mistake) but in reference to the symbol of the Sinaï Mount, etc. Please correct this.

[@Saddam_al-Husseini]

2:34 “Je suisse sorry” Merci Tom!

[@MuktiArno]

This is exactly what's happening today!

[@3mo2007]

??

[@robzonefire]

Hello Citizen Richy! =b

[@Eric0816]

The guillotine was very instrumental on the path to the terreur. Even a good executioner couldnt execute more than a couple of people by sword. Executions by hanging could be butchered and most of the other stuff was already considered uncivilized. The guillotine made it possible to execute people every 30 seconds, it would always work and the government could claim that it wasnt cruel or unusual punishment. Fun fact, in 1791 in a speech in front of the national assembly a certain citizen Robbespierre spoke in favor of abolishing the death penalty.

[@sofiamiau3420]

I always found that French Revolution so civilized and full of enlightenment...

[@peterweicker77]

Starting to feel more like a forecast than a retrospective.

[@DwRockett]

Great to see a new video from you, why the long gap?

[@tomrichey]

My online tutoring business has been doing well and a lot of the time I used to have for making videos has gone into that (in addition to my day job). I also find myself spending more time with my daughter as she gets older. I'm going to try to get back to putting out a few proper history videos each month, but I'm afraid that as long as I remain dependent on a day job for my primary income, the channel production will likely continue to take a back seat to work, family, and tutoring. I will say that a word of encouragement from someone like you does a lot to motivate me to keep investing in this channel even with all of the other projects I've got on my hands!

[@msbjr23]

Your videos are great! My AP Euro teacher always encourages us to watch them. They help so much!

[@DwRockett]

Tom Richey ah, I completely understand how those things can keep one away from making videos. Hope you can still make vids when you've got time

[@JudahTribunal]

Did you do a part 6?

[@tomrichey]

Yes, this is followed by two lectures on the Reign of Terror.

[@JudahTribunal]

I found it. Thank you

[@Tboy439]

@@tomrichey Just once I'd like to see one person who claims to know about the French Revolution actually knew the truth about why it even happened. And you failed also!!!

[@antonioleitao1144]

Just a small comment on the guillotine. There are reports of it being quite ineffective. Sometimes the blades were not sharpened enough, and death took several strikes. Other times the blade would jump of the rails and injure the convict... I think this happened during the terror years mostly because it was being put to use all the time

[@tommyraygun5443]

What word is underneath the tape in your classroom!?!?

[@ottofin3178]

Fraynce! Yeehaw!

[@novaconsul3875]

Thanks for the video ! Your great English explanations forgive you of your horrible French accent :P

[@clivegoodman16]

I thought the King was trying to flee to the Holy Roman Empire ruled by his brother in law, Leopold. (Queen Marie Antoinette wss a daughter of Maria Theresa. Emperor Leopold was her son. Emperor Joseph had died in 1790)

[@clivegoodman16]

Mr Richie calls the Hply Roman Empire, Austria.

[@erwannleligerien3771]

Vive l'Empereur !

[@revolutionariesoffreedom2374]

On est une république République > empire Republic is better

[@altinaykor364]

@@revolutionariesoffreedom2374 republic is your clown

[@revolutionariesoffreedom2374]

@@altinaykor364 shut up communist dictator

[@melendadelesip7424]

About that last line... In 1793, parisians started painted it on their walls, soon followed by other cities' inhabitants. But, last line was already seen as far too extreme and they were kindly (or not so kindly) asked to erase it. To be fair they didn't exactly write these words. But you know, graffitis, they're not exactly produced in serie, most of the time. Anyway those pamphlets did use the 'or death' bit. (Well, they were at war with everyone in Europe except for Sweden, Suisse and Danemark ; on top of that, the reason Sweden isn't part of the fun is, Gustave III, the king who wanted to be part of it, got assassinated. Not exactly the best context to be pacifists.) Anyway, it wasn't anything to official yet, but since not muh was, that doesn't matter. What does, is that it disappeared quite easily during the Empire, got necro'd (sorry : was called back from the death ; uh, started being used again) during the 1848 revolution without the last line (what use was there in it ? the situation was entirely different, like, not at war), and that last 'or death' comment was nether brought back, I think, at least it never made it to the Constitution. It still isn't nowadays, in case there are worries, though 'liberté, égalité, fraternité' is :P

[@WutAPunk]

Person: *breathes* Robespierre: "y'all can't stand right here"

[@ethankersat2471]

Who was the closest equivalent American (organized) group to the Sans Culottes? @Tom

[@ethankersat2471]

Was he actually called "King of the French"? @Tom

[@snuggz9565]

no tom just randomly made it up 🙄 🙄🙄🙄

[@nandhinimaran1653]

he looks like matt damons twin brother

[@beeebz1192]

i get the anchormen joke

[@markjohnson9455]

I earned my history degree as an Undergraduate. During my program, I had trouble understanding something because I was in my early 20's. I wish he would have been my professor in college because I would have gotten so much more from my work. The professor does an excellent job of explaining something complicated by motivating a learner to go learn more without dumbing down the learner rather the simplifies the material and assumes the learner will build their knowledge. He reinforces the idea that it is easier to understand complicated ideas if you have rudimentary knowledge. Awesome job- professor.

[@shaqrustileford7544]

God bless you. Those who forget the past... Well we all know that quote. Hard times ahead, alert others to the reality of the situation.

[@scytale6]

Jack - o - ban, Gee - ron - dan.

[@ganeshcsaiisc]

je suis desole.. for i am sorry..

[@SashaSteveBlair]

4:21 made me jump and spill coffee while driving..

[@revolutionariesoffreedom2374]

LIBERTY EQUALITY FRATERNITY OR DEATH

[@altinaykor364]

lunacy, hypocricy and delusion

[@revolutionariesoffreedom2374]

@@altinaykor364 shut up totalitarian you enemy of Freedom! Your oil deserves to be robbed and given to our rich republican capitalist bourgeois people, you monarchist feudalist noble!

[@ethankersat2471]

I thought Louis was heading for the Austrian border.. you say he was going to Montmedy? @Tom

[@thatonedudebutwho9919]

redeem the Jacobins

[@mhorram]

There was more to Louis XVI's flight to Varennes than you discuss in this video (not that I'm complaining). Look at the map at the beginning of the video. What is immediately beyond Varennes? The Holy Roman Empire! Maris Antoinette was the daughter of Marie Therese the queen of Austria. Marie Antoinette was also the daughter of Francis I, the Holy Roman Emperor. Although Francis I died about a decade or so before the French Revolution he was succeeded by Joseph II, Marie Antoinette's brother. Had Louis succeeded in getting to Varennes and then to The Holy Roman Empire it would have been disastrous for the French Revolution. Not that this would have necessarily been a bad thing; but it is understandable why the monsters who lead the French Revolution had Louis XVI executed. In their eyes Louis was a traitor to his country. I think that they might not have ordered Louis XVI executed if they actually believed he was just fleeing to the fortress at Varennes.

[@TheManInRoomFive]

Sans Culotte = San Cylott :)

[@ShanaReid]

wouldn't it be more like san cuelot of if you're British san queue lot?

[@noahmack5921]

ShanaReid more like san queue low

[@tompatterson1548]

jacobin = zhakobaa

[@Blitzman1999]

lol 19:20

[@jjgatorfan247]

HAVE MY BABIES TOM!

[@vinshar6076]

Hindi

[@vinshar6076]

Kam kar apna

[@vinshar6076]

Mhite

[@mikelheron20]

French pronunciation is ignorant and dire - makes it hard to take speaker seriously. In fact, mangling the language so much "Jay sweese" for "Je suis" makes him look like a complete moron. It's not good enough to grin and apologise. Just make an effort and get it right.