Toward AI-Driven Discovery of Electroceuticals - Dr. Michael Levin

Bioelectric networks as targets for regenerative medicine

[@oizson98]

"We can reach regions in morphospace not explored by evolution" Is a phrase that shall be remembered throughout the Eons.

[@montarabeach]

This hubris brought about the fall of Atlantis...

[@oizson98]

@@montarabeach yes but imagine the stories the Cronenbergs will nurgle of us :,)

[@ncedwards1234]

@@montarabeach But we're better than them 😎

[@briansmith4724]

​@ncedwards1234 We are NoBetter. Man continues to Fail due to Hubris, However, we Should continue to Advance Knowledge.

[@briansmith4724]

​@@montarabeachWere the world composed of people like You we would still be in caves using stones. Not all advancements are Good, but they Should be considered.

[@RandomNooby]

Loving Dr Levin's ideas, loving his dislike of paywalls, and thoroughly loving blindly stumbling my way through his work in my lab, definitely a man ahead of his time...

[@broli123]

If you "dislike paywalls" you should also stand behind open sourcing your work which he and his team dont as is evident from the patents they are filing around the (seemingly simple) cocktails they use. I used to be a fan but until such powerful ideas are not made freely available I am no longer cheering him on. No single entity should control such ideas.

[@ghostviper9579]

@@broli123yea cause if that’s the case they lose out in money what losing out on money, whether you like it or not, takes a stupendous amount of moral back bone, and immense sacrifice, and not even moral anything but rather, it’s and insane amount or just “giving” mind, a lot of giving mindeset that I don’t think we should burden them with expectation. Not yet at least. Right now I think we should burden them with getting it done and getting it out to us, and after it’s worked and they’ve been payed can we ask to lower the price. You’re idea of just open sourcing this is dumb naive young-minded and socialistic in the communist sense. So yea I just they do it

[@Nick-gj6je]

@@broli123that’s show business baby. If this works, he can potentially make trillions until competitors come in and take their cut. Moderna’s patents should’ve prevented BioNTech’s mRNA vaccine, since they copied the underlying delivery system, but a pandemic caused them to not pursue litigation.

[@RandomNooby]

I wholeheartedly agree with your basic premise/ However, scientists exist within a political and capitalist framework, it would be well nigh impossible to fund advanced science outside the control of faceless cooperate profit driven entities, without either a large secondary income or patents. I speak from experience, my lab is self funded and relies on last generation tech and DIY systems, this limits the work I can do, furthermore patenting the ideas offers them a level of protection from the exploitation of profit driven entities which have a long past history of finding their way around attempts to open source...@@broli123

[@broli123]

@@ghostviper9579 If you want to have a civil discussion with someone you shouldn't call their ideas dumb. What you just described is a cult mindset my friend, good luck with that and keep worshipping your human gods✌

[@therealpils]

*fun fact,* I'm a dumb artist with an over-active mind. I wrote an email to Dr. Michael Levin and not only did he reply, but answered my questions and encouraged further investigation. 🌟

[@dg-ov4cf]

am dumb too, upvoted

[@sand0can1]

So what’s his email? I didn’t see it at the end.

[@thegreatestpursuit]

He emailed me back as well. Great guy

[@therealpils]

@@dg-ov4cf upvoted for honesty

[@therealpils]

@@sand0can1 oh, sorry, this was a couple of years back. it's changed now I believe...

[@pjaworek6793]

Pure genius wrapped in lots of accessible details. "Intelligence is the ability to reach the same goal through different means (or under different conditions)" 14:20 "aging is not a consequence of entropy (we don't necessarily have to age), there's no such thing as an old planarian (able to entirely avoid the ageing process)" 15:05

[@Cube_Box]

I think bryan johnson is gonna be real interested in this research

[@Corteum]

Fcuk! that's mind-blowing. Those are some very key points. And yes, the planarians showed us that it is indeed possible to control aging genetically. Cheer

[@orion9k]

"we don't necessarily have to age" our core self (our spirit) do not age and your body is not really you, "your body" is a multi cultural universe of beings, "your body" is your kingdom and you're the king, but if you treat your kingdom without respect, these tiny beings (who could be your friends if you treat them right) will instead rebel and resist and cause you disease.

[@andrecarvalho9637]

I don't want to regrow my limbs, I want to get my hair back. lol

[@anon69_q]

Limb replacement sits higher on the priority list. The field of hair growth has surprisingly few researchers. Most of the research coming from cosmetic companies. Despite alopecia being a common symptom for many conditions, such as chemotherapy or male pattern baldness, very little research is performed or collected.

[@filthycasual9381]

I just want me foreskin back. My hair can wait.

[@CockatooDude]

Gene-based treatments already exist for that.

[@denks7849]

​@@CockatooDudeno they don't

[@CockatooDude]

@@denks7849 I'm pretty sure they do, I forgot the name, but I'll let you know if I remember.

[@WHYsauce]

I love how much computer science theories and even computer common knowledge have given us such new perspective into all the natural systems around us

[@matrixmeditator]

As a layman there were a couple instances in this talk where I was so astounded by the words spoken, I had to physically stand up and move around to help process the information acquired.

[@Teeveepicksures]

I'm having the same experience. Started this earlier today and had to take a few hours and come back to it.

[@squakke]

I listened while driving and then had the weirdest sensation that I wasn't myself. Or a person. Then I started to freak out because I couldn't comprehend what/who I was, or what anything was around me. I still can't shake this rather unpleasant feeling

[@VirusTree1000.]

​@@squakkelol 😂

[@7200darkcharm]

Midwit reaction

[@saurabhpandit26]

Amazing!!... can't wait to see human applications in regeneration and aging.

[@wwkk4964]

Imagine doing all of model inference, intervention intervention and automatic action all in one model!

[@DG123z]

Holy shit.. the future is going to be unbelievable.. amazing work 🔥❤🔥

[@andx79]

We just need to live long enough.

[@bystandersarah]

@@andx79if you believe in reincarnation, it’s even more exciting😊

[@spocksdaughter9641]

Michael I hope your genius is rewarded by your peers. I am stunned grasping the amount my mind reached to behold.

[@dg-ov4cf]

what

[@Zaekk]

@@dg-ov4cf made sense to me :B

[@markkennedy9767]

This stuff is insane. It's like a totally different paradigm and just drives a truck through dogma- genetic or otherwise. I wonder what expertise one would need to even start doing this stuff. Since it's completely multidisciplinary- biology, physics, computing.

[@Ifilmshiz]

Yoga is the way! Not the physical postures but the philosophy and science :D

[@nicholas6870]

Trust but verify

[@kikijewell2967]

There's a book _The Body Electric_ that my mom read parts of to us in, I think, the late 80's, and he also discovered in the 1990's. Much of this is simply recreating the work documented in that book. The book ends with the obvious question: can we humans regenerate after injury? He's taking on that question and extending the work.

[@montarabeach]

528Hz 432Hz.... Cymatic frequencies; natural healing. The cathedral builders knew.

[@BrentRichards-vp1cg]

​@@kikijewell2967memories! good book. Very pertainant.❤

[@scottmiller2591]

It needs to be emphasized that these are not electrical, but ionic - two different cells can have the same potential difference between interior and exterior, and not get this level of control - it depends very specifically on the concentration of ionic species, and not total charge. The control mechanisms are via controlling ion channels of species, and not controlling the gross potential difference between interior and exterior.

[@oizson98]

So basically its true that every cell is also kind of a brain since ours works by making neurons change their entire potential and not their ion channels individually. Damn. Confirm if true dese scottmiller

[@nathansmalley8433]

Phenomenal. Looking forward to real life applications and prolonging life.

[@othayolo]

so the machine in Elysium is that much closer to reality.

[@project-unifiedfreepeoples]

Michael Levin is a pioneer in the advanced genetic manipulation of living systems. Even the species change of a embryo target species changing into a separate species altogether. I seek great inspiration in Dr. Levin, and I say thank you for sharing your wisdom.

[@zeroxd.cypher3899]

why is the pokemon company not funding this?

[@maythesciencebewithyou]

The pokemon company doesn't even properly fund its own games

[@nukima11]

We really don't need rats throwing lightning around.

[@DG123z]

"the electrical pattern is a stored memory" 🤯

[@christopherneufelt8971]

Something like a bistable multivibrator, what in my village we call flip flop.

[@Theodorus5]

but how does it stay there and not dissipate away?

[@DG123z]

@@Theodorus5 it almost seemed like it was path of least resistance or what's that called where sound makes patterns by having different stable states

[@christopherneufelt8971]

@@Theodorus5 A small problem with people that do biophysics is that they confuse theoretical electric networks with biological electric networks. In a living organism (not like the idiot that sits in front row with the afro hair that covers all of the blackboard) the network can also act as an electricity generator as well as storage and dissipator since there is somewhere a closed feedback loop that maintains an electric potential since a living membrane due to the interchange of ions (Ka+, Na+) can act like that. Now lets change subject to something more serious like the thighs of Kim K.

[@kikijewell2967]

​@@Theodorus5life?

[@howwitty]

I am irrationally suspicious and distrustful of neuropsychology or any of the so-called "soft sciences" which don't have friends in EE because of their abuse of math and statistics to make spurious claims about biology in social settings. So, I'm glad to see this field taking off in a non-epigenetic, non-eugenics way. Scientists have compensated for a lack of proper understanding/equipment for far too long with dysfunctional, inhumane speculation limping on a dogmatic and sometimes even theological/spiritual crutch. I hope this field will sustain the coming industry shifts in health & medicine and carry with it a revitalization of lean manufacturing in an economy blighted by the corrupt and bloated consumer services industries.

[@user-cv9cd4sq2n]

This is why we found subjects that lived near high power lines were more susceptible to cancer…

[@Tubeytime]

TL;DW - the body is its own kind of brain that you can "program" with electrical maps that tell the cells which body parts need to go where, and the body will use that map to fill in the gaps and grow whatever is missing.

[@tuckerhart510]

The Einstein of biology ❤️ much love Dr, and thank you for pushing our species forward

[@MarcAyouni]

Levin's research is so out of this world. I feel he could literally predict what life would look like on a another planet. Every time I am amazed.

[@Niamato_inc]

Remarkable, absolutely remarkable. Thank you wholeheartedly.

[@stepananokhin693]

This is astonishing!

[@ngc-ho1xd]

This is really fascinating work!

[@nancygelber2464]

Make sure Dr. Levin gets all the chips he needs. Sending him and his team ❤!

[@kikijewell2967]

My mom read the book _The Body Electric_ back in the 1980's. This fellow picked up a cooy of the same book in a thrift store, and was so excited he decided to recreate the work documented in that book. So the knowledge is out there already. He's just taking it a step further to the obvious end point: humans.

[@DG123z]

Ai is going to be so good at helping us with this.. with everything.

[@salimhuerta2699]

Wonderful lecture. I remember when I first discovered Levin’s early lectures on bio electrical gradients. And I spoke to him with my professor over zoom. We wanted to ask about evolutionary neuro ethology and generally his philosophical views which were very pan psychist surprisingly. It’s amazing to see all his philosophy content and progress on the practical front of making electroceuticals real

[@simonsays...5061]

Dr. Levin is Always so well spoken and organized making for wonderful learning. Also love the visualizations to maintain proper contexts.

[@HarryJensen-kr4qz]

Hopefully his company will remain private. Once shareholders get involved everything changes.

[@DG123z]

Wait.. so the DNA is not instructions on how to build a specific animal but just information on how to build specific parts? 🤔

[@konstantino_vichi]

It seemed to me from countless videos that is gives an instruction on how many of what is available to build the specific animal from. Decoding Building blocks

[@Chillingworth]

Yeah mRNA is used to describe series of amino acids, when put in sequence, these make proteins

[@user-bb9fv2yi3v]

Yes. The animal results from the dynamic interaction of the parts.

[@Will-kt5jk]

I’m going to try a pretty stretched Machine Learning analogy that I think works: DNA is a pre-trained model for an organism. It’s trained via selection pressures in reproduction. Fine tuning via epigenome is slightly more flexible/responsive to a specific application (i.e. local environmental conditions) The electrical side is the agentive loop, which actually controls the execution; be that of building the body plan, or expressing higher level cognition. It uses the genome as a tool to calculate & produce relevant proteins to achieve this, in a similar way to an agent program using an LLM to make decisions, write code for tools and solve problems. The fact this stuff seems to describe more of a continuum between inter-cellular communication and neural function is fascinating; that even the form of our body is the result of self sustaining loops/processes, rather than a strict instruction set [to me at least] supports the idea that both for a and function of life and consciousness are about the process, about the loops, rather than the matter and the instruction set we start with.

[@griffinhewlett7308]

A good analogy for how DNA works is like using the same tool to build different machines. A wrench can tighten a bolt on both a lawnmower and an airplane. We have the same DNA in our eye cells and liver cells, but the reason we don't produce eye cells in our liver is because DNA is turned on and off from information by nearby cells to build specific parts.

[@r0sal3sr]

More questions: - What is the success or error rate of the limb regeneration attempts on vertebrates? - Once a procedure was established, what was the probability that it was successful? - What kind of errors in development were seen before/after a successful peocedure was identified?

[@X1Y0Z0]

Thanks 4 a great presentation

[@maximevidal7932]

Such a phenomenal demonstration. Dr. Michael Levin is a genius. I had to rewatch 3 times. Where can we read his work ? Fascinating...

[@Johnnysday]

Phenomenal research. This will eventually lead to regeneration of organs, and tissue sets. The possibilities are overwhelming. Tremendously good science doctor.

[@alflud]

Fascinating and utterly mind-blowing concepts and, well, it seems like he's got all the proof he needs that he's on the right track. I never would have considered that large scale anatomy has nothing to do with DNA or the genome but is instead governed by inter-cell electrical activity. Wow.

[@aresaurelian]

Well done. I approve of this research and engineering. Let us gather more data.

[@petercrossley1069]

Here is a speaker with good diction making it a pleasure to listen to him.

[@talosdarius7889]

I am stunned , one one hand I am beyond amazed and terrified in the same time , the implications of this tehnology are so numerous.

[@reynalindstrom2496]

Amazing presentation! Love from Sweden 💛💙

[@leonilyas3593]

Considering cells and instructions as computer hardware/software, and injecting code via voltage stimulus. I am both terrified and fascinated for the future.

[@adriangoleby]

Um. This might drastically change my study trajectory 😮

[@pauldannelachica2388]

Very fascinating

[@oizson98]

My mind is exploding this is God Level Science. Praise the Omnissiah.

[@felixthefoxMEXICO]

CAN I JUST SAY.... CAN I JUST SAY.... THAT MY MIND GETS BLOWN THE MORE AND MORE PROF LEVIN PEELS BACK THE LAYERS.... THE LAYERS.... HOLY FUCK. I HAVE BEEN FOLLOWING DR LEVIN FOR FUCKING YEARS.... FINALLY! AN OPEN COMMENTS SECTION. HOLY FUCK. PROF, I LOVE YOU

[@keithlol]

Great job explaining everything.

[@lemonstealinghorsdoeuvre]

I've been looking forward to progress here. The implications have been very profound and it's just barely being talked about

[@NewAgeTorrez]

Couldn't find his email but fuuuu! I am mind blown right now! Got many questions & ideas! Thanks for the valuable information.

[@DG123z]

Holy fuck.. this video just keeps blowing my mind..

[@evodevo420]

Love your excitement about the science

[@alflud]

I know, right? I don't think most people are getting the full implications of this. When he says we could take this beyond evolution he's talking about biological machines, vehicles, buildings, things like that. Think of all the soft and softish materials biology can produce and then hard things like teeth and bone, transparent stuff like eyeball lenses, plumbing stuff like veins, conductive stuff like neurons the list goes on and on. What's a tortoise shell made out of? Rhinoceros skin? If we can learn how to grow cells into whatever want it's going to be crazy.

[@DG123z]

WOW.. They're like control knobs for what's floating around and that creates different electrical patterns that have known anatomical outcomes..

[@user-yv6xw7ns3o]

Brains and DNA indeed aren't the only forms of biological intelligence and knowledge. Very interesting and exciting to contemplate! Thank you!

[@hansheng654]

Coming from data world, there is so much potential in this way of thinking

[@johnfitzgerald8879]

Fascinating. So these astrocytes that support nerve cells. Astrocytes are amazing, in and of themselves.

[@stevengill1736]

Morphogenic homeostasis: what a concept! And cellular goals versus tissue or organ goals: source of cancer? That real-time calcium fluorescence imaging is absolutely incredible... to see ion flux is like seeing the thoughts of the cells themselves. I'll bet there will be fluorescent tracers for other ion channels as well as some interpretation of the patterns revealed by movement of the fluorescence.

[@Atticus_Moore]

absolutely fascinating

[@DrumFFx]

wow awesome work!! this is the way!!!

[@monkeysfromvenus]

this was wild. the results slide on 31:20 was absolutely mind blowing, thank you so so much for making this presentation.

[@firesoul453]

Very interesting!

[@ipsonuser]

This is incredible.

[@kenswireart88]

I literally think of something in the morning and it appears on my KZbin feed in the evening.

[@mpwilso]

Abosolutely love the recognition of process driving evolution providing a pathway to further push the importance of environment.

[@bradythompson9967]

The time after questions opens up is just everyone collectively electrically reassembling their minds

[@epg-6]

I knew people were working on regenerative medicine, but I had no idea it was this far along.

[@101wormwood]

axies will bite each others limbs off. Had one that the arm grew improperly at first, so another arm formed at the elbow giving it a Y shaped arm. 1 arm from shoulder, 2 arms/feet off of the elbow joint. pretty cool looking

[@dochouse6911]

The last decade or so I have started to become convinced that we are only such a tiny start on the exponential growth our species is going to ride to advancement of all or our destruction but it's one hell of an exciting journey and I hope the curve up is already far enough that I might still witness some awe-inspiring leaps of progress!! Thank You All Those Who Dared Dream Beyond the Restrictions that thwarted Their Teachers and Mentors and of course those Teachers as well for they are part of this amazing cycle of discovery, development, hopefully betterment and escape from dogma's, traditions and stagnation. Away from exploitation into cooperation and incorporation. I'm stoned and rambling so Imma stop while I haven't typed a full page yet, sorry 😅😅 but Thanks for this vid!!!

[@DevineOne]

First of thank you for this presentation! This is amazing! Do you apply a different drug to change the ion channel in each cell separately? So one cell would get one drug and the neighbour another so it is slightly different?

[@ericsonhazeltine5064]

This is very powerful.

[@mewk]

Incredible

[@richardnunziata3221]

I would like to see single cell seq data before and after stimulation compared to a normal cell

[@stevejordan7275]

This seems like the breakthrough I was expecting to come later, take longer (to demonstrate and implement,) and be more complex. It also potentially lines up with predictions of Longevity Escape Velocity by 2029.

[@kinngrimm]

This additional level of configuration, would that suggest that besides the Fermi Paradox, if allien life would exist, that it therefor be similar to our own? Ofcause given, the same elemental building blocks are available.

[@DG123z]

Are the drugs applied locally or systemically?

[@DG123z]

We're all going to be able to mutate into any form we want and regrow any part and become immortal

[@deanharris7149]

Mind blown!

[@zaddle6883]

what types of drugs are used to activate the voltage signals? can you please give a reference for more info

[@bkinstler]

Mike Levin’s work (and his team’s work) is Copernican in scope. Maybe bigger.

[@derpnerpwerp]

Is there an assumption being made here that these electrical patterns are purely emergent from the genome? Could it be that there is/can be, additional information stored by the organism's mother that needs to be emparted onto the cells during development to trigger these electrical configurations? If you had an abitrarily advanced intelligence, what do we think the required minimum amount of information is in order to grow a human? I doubt DNA is enough without ribosomes.. would a living cell be enough?

[@markcollins1577]

Can a mathematically accurate color template based on Newton's principles of light and color act as the inference model -- along with voltage - Levin is currently seeking? Can it make the desired inference model Levin seeks easier faster better and less expensive than alternatives for expanding Levin's work across this new field of bio-therapeutics?

[@Renatus_Eruditus]

To Dr. Levin: Does the flatfish/flounder migrate its eyes to one side via this anatomical decision-making process? Has anyone raised a flounder in conditions that force it upright during its maturation, to see if the eyes stay on each side of the fish?

[@michaeljames5936]

Wow! They've come a long way. Questions section is too painful. Timeline to human use?

[@willywalter6366]

If morphogenetics works on the same base then neuron and mental construction (but only in much slower pace) what does this implicate in the body mind connection - and if further the change of ion voltages lets cell form in new ways or heal even servere wounds might their be an overlooked (very physical) connection between brain activity and healing. In combination with Fristons work on neuronal construction of mental reality this whole topic might open a revolutionary view on human existence and possibilities - as in the end Levins and Fristons approach sounds nearly the same but only in different realms of spacetime scales and levels. The most astonishing and hope giving is that Michaels team is providing not only mindblowing theories but delivering also empirical data by even more mindblowing (most people probably shocking) living examplifications. The spikey planeria applied to other living creatures might induce discussion far beyond what people now are concerned about AI. Wait for the ChatGPT moment in the development when the mass awakes to an understand what these finding really mean to us as a species and the individuals.

[@Trantaloid]

Would love to hear Levin's thoughts on the work of Jerry Tennant and Dan Winter. Edit: Michael you NEED to talk to Dan and Jerry.

[@antoniomentalio]

Literally what Dr. Curtis Connors was studying before he became the lizard

[@user-dnf83n0s8sg9u]

This is what I’ve been saying sooner or later there will be actual super heroes everywhere . Cape shit in real life. The bubble will burst eventually

[@ForbiddenCatBelly]

Levin looks like Connors too: static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/7/7a/Curtis_Connors_%28Earth-616%29_from_Amazing_Spider-Man_Vol_5_25_002.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20200816020802

[@ExecutiveZombie]

Mind blowing. 🤯👀

[@ExecutiveZombie]

YAY! ☀️🧟‍♀️

[@derbybOyzZ]

I think ion channels get screwed up by EMF. while non-ionizing radiation doesn't damage cells, i think it impairs ion channels from working 100%

[@newsmansuper2925]

The memories and processing are also surface potentials

[@jaymethodus3421]

I would caution against applying this towards the retro-analysis of human evolution, specifically the rapid restructuring of the brain's neurology about 200kya.... Cause that's what I'm doing, and this is confirming every single one of my deeper intuitive hunches about how evolution itself actually works, particularly the role of neural circuits in informing micro-evolutionary processes; and how that allows for single-generation evolution of higher brain function.

[@eliz3225]

does anyone know what this talk was for? is it a class recording or something?

[@alexanderefremov4701]

Prof. Levin, dont you think that some bioelectrical patterns are switched on genetically, through the sinthesis of some control proteins?

[@montarabeach]

Other way around. The field directs the biochemistry

[@alexanderefremov4701]

@@montarabeach And how bioelectrical patterns are switched on?

[@andrewwalker8985]

Just quietly, how cute are planaria!

[@rpscorp9457]

Not very..most are parasites.

[@gushutchinson8758]

Each to their own,-clearly a man with a Plan... For me-It's always been a cosy night in with my Tardigrade.. well worth the wait

[@destinypuzzanghera3087]

Wow!

[@GiedriusMisiukas]

0:00 May I have your attention please? Will the real slim shady please stand up? xD Sorry, I really had to make this comment lol.. But seriously, amazing conversation, as always with Michael Levin, thanks.

[@errinwright]

Just wow, Im so curious what are the genes that allow for such electrical developmental control 47:00 how genetics

[@BryanWhys]

Your title is missing a c in electroceuticals

[@Matt-bh6km]

So if I'm understanding this you could say learn the correct bioelectrical field and give a man gills or scales well with further research anyway first time hearing the concept but wow very impressed with where this could lead

[@shallanrambaran7090]

By any chance; would it be possible to have timestamps?

[@lopiklop]

i had a theory about symmetry. That each side of our body is kind of comepeting against each other, like a GAN (AI) to become symmetrical. or everytime one side grows the other has to make up for it, highdea. so much is nature is chiral and oscillates in one direction (or whatever) to another. heart beats, in relation to one side of frog face; the blood will take a certain amount of time to reach the extremties and back to heart. humans are very noticing of faces. they notice these things. it's just an inherent instinct. grain of salt, highdea It's actually weird how often I've been thinking about this. When I saw a video showing cells moving in a slide i had to wonder what compels them.And, yea. like you said. At first I was confused about the title "electroceuticals" but i see where u went with it. Sry keep editing, but it's actually kind of really weird I was explaining this to my brother the other day. I never made the connection that it could be used for medicine, I was just wondering why cells move and do what they do. Something that's even more weird i was watching a ancient indian youtuber talking about how the ancient indians MIGHT have used electricity in much this same manner. Then again the algorithm probably sent me here because of that.

[@dsdy1205]

The last time I felt this way was when I discovered debuggers

[@banemiladinov8202]

Are models implemented by supercomputers?