Transistors for Beginners (1-Transistors)

Transistors have three terminals but which one should get high voltages and which should get low voltages? Let's look at NPN and PNP bipolar transistors and also n-channel and p-channel MOSFETs to get a sense of current flow and voltage arrangements. I'll use a water analogy to make things simple.
Aaron Danner is a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the National University of Singapore.
danner.group
Video filmed and edited by Cheryl Lim.
@randomcheryl

[@comeflywithme1694]

Clear, concise, easy to understand explanations as usual ... great job!

[@antonymanolasmusic]

Just finished the op-amp playlist, now really looking forward to this! Hope the rest of the videos will be up soon! Thanks

[@user-eh2ec3rn6w]

Thank you very much for your kindly sharing this clip.

[@umujahid]

Dr. Danner thank you so much for sharing!

[@ivolol]

For BJTs, I always remember that the arrow points to 'negative' (N-type silicon) [or goes P->N]. That way from the arrow it's rather easy to tell whether I'm looking at PNP or NPN, no matter what orientation or mirroring the symbol has. I think all tutorials should mention this. Although as you say, in some aspects, using "negative" voltages for the PNP has some confusions, there is one advantage in that it makes the emitter / collector designations make more sense again, rather than seeming to be arbitrarily flipped from their meaning in the NPN.

[@chaosopher23]

Excellent explanation, & easy to understand! Now, I understand that Ge transistors have about 0.2 volts across their junctions and Si have about 0.6 volts. But I have here in my hands a power transistor (?, they look just like b/b diodes to a diode check meter) that doesn't fit into either slot very well with 0.48 and 0.49 volts. It's a Motorola SJ4836, a TO-3 from 1985. I can't find any documentation on it, and don't know even if it's a Si transistor with that low a drop, and just a little high to be Schottky. Any idea as to what this junk box find might be?

[@mohamedapdilaahi695]

Thank you for your detailed explanation

[@user-bj2le5fp2m]

Very high quality video as usual. Thank you!

[@andymouse]

Awesome ! for some reason I thought that the 'arrow' in a NPN MOSFET pointed in the opposite direction to that of a BJT, I was never quite sure but this has put that little conflict of mine to bed !...cheers.

[@gregwmanning]

I think the fet arrows are reversed.

[@lawrencehalpin6611]

Thank you

[@JaenEngineering]

Fun challenge. Which type of transistor has thermals labelled Collector, _Gate,_ Emitter?

[@charlesdorval394]

IGBT :)

[@gower1973]

But in circuit diagrams, PNP transistors are drawn just like NPN but with the arrow flipped the other way, Also this source and drain analogy was a poor choice of wording for MOSFETS. I always get it back to front because you can think of a drain as drawing away from something not drawing into something.

[@rathersaahil]

Is this on edx