TRAPPIST-1c by James Webb // Ancient Echo from Sgr A* // Lightning on Jupiter

JWST Looks at the Next Planet in the TRAPPIST system. Could we detect colliding supermassive black holes. Hot Jupiters that flew too close to their stars.
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00:00 Intro
00:14 Second planet in Trappist-1 system by Webb
www.universetoday.com/162014/...
02:53 Detecting supermassive black holes collisions
www.universetoday.com/162004/...
06:02 Echo from Sgr A* activity
www.universetoday.com/162040/...
08:21 Starlinks are getting dimmer
www.universetoday.com/162002/...
11:44 Dealing with space junk
www.universetoday.com/162029/...
13:20 Last week's vote results
• Another Enceladus Brea...
13:58 Hot Jupiters too close to their stars
www.universetoday.com/161967/...
16:19 Unexpected discovery from Parker Solar Probe
18:30 Interviews
• Interviews
19:40 Lightning on Jupiter
www.nasa.gov/image-feature/jp...
20:45 Flyby of Mercury
www.esa.int/Science_Explorati...
21:57 CO2 Map
23:28 Outro
Host: Fraser Cain
Producer: Anton Pozdnyakov
Editing: Artem Pozdnyakov
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[@MeissnerEffect]

Man I love Universe Today. Thanks so much Frasier and team and supporters! 🦋✨

[@chrissscottt]

Like the story of the space junk remover prototype. Brings to mind one of those cartoon boxing gloves on a spring, punching space junk back to earth and stealing their orbital momentum.

[@oopskapootz7276]

Fraser, I follow all your content ever since I discovered you in the early days of Google+ 😅. What I appreciate about you is that you, like us, seems always truly excited about the news you’re covering. You’re not just reading it, you’re showing it’s exciting and you explain why we should be excited. And it works because we know you’re not just an anchor reading some text. I wish all science news out there were more like this.

[@rJaune]

The interviews are great! Where else are you going to find scientists that work on such awesome projects being asked such great questions.

[@stevencoardvenice]

Event horizon channel

[@hishamg]

I wonder if the two inner Trappist planets don’t seem to have atmospheres because red dwarfs tend to be active flare stars, and the atmospheres of these 2 planets may have been blasted off by solar flares.

[@agentdarkboote]

Small correction, each unit of magnitude is only about 2.5x in brightness (10^0.4), ie for every decrease of 5 units of magnitude, the object is 100x as bright.

[@vanshankguitars]

18:54 I happen to like the interviews. Keep them coming.

[@frasercain]

Thanks!

[@katherandefy]

I second

[@JenniferA886]

Great job… love the updates 👍👍👍

[@mitseraffej5812]

4:20 Using pulsars for navigation. A physicist friend that works in the quantum computing / encryption field tells me that given enough computing power, the faint signals from various pulsars could be sorted from the rest of the radio noise and provide better positioning than GPS, all in a hand held device. Maybe not in our lifetime.

[@olencone4005]

There's actually already a sizeable amount of testing for pulsar-based XNAV systems -- from what I recall, several efforts were also underway to create catalogs that could be used as navigational points of reference for those XNAV systems.

[@mitseraffej5812]

@@olencone4005 The problem is the signal strength from the pulsars is so extremely week massive radio dishes are required. The GPS signal is relatively week (but many orders of magnitude stronger than from a pulsar) and if the GPS receiver didn’t know what to look for it couldn’t differentiate it from the noise. Detecting a pulsar signal would be akin to feeling a butterfly flap its wings from a thousand miles during a hurricane.

[@flying_shawn]

Question show idea: We regularly hear about black holes emitting X-rays, particularly after they've munched on something, but this has always perplexed me: if the X-rays are being emitted by the singularity itself, wouldn't the gravity well prevent them from ever escaping the event horizon? Wouldn't they just turn around and fall back into the singularity? Or are the X-rays created as matter crosses the event horizon itself, meaning they can escape because they were never actually past the point of no return? Related... does the distance of the event horizon from the singularity for each wavelength vary because different frequencies of light/electromagnetism have different levels of energy? ie, the x-ray event horizon would be very slightly closer to the singularity than the radio one? Thanks!

[@theblackswan2373]

Hay Fraiser. Thanks for all your great work.

[@frasercain]

Glad to do it

[@johnherron579]

Fraser, "you" make this worthwhile , I love it..👽

[@shaunansell7352]

Yes love the interviews!

[@Goodtimes317]

Great news about the black holes! Thanks! Buffalove the show. 😅

[@alexsender4986]

visualisation in the end is my favorite

[@lyledal]

Hi Fraser! Seconding what rJaune said. I really love the interviews! I have a question, have you done an interview with someone working on pulsar timing? Could you link it up for us? Thanks!

[@cavetroll666]

thanks Fraser have a good weekend :D

[@frasercain]

You too!

[@booradley4237]

That's amazing that we can see reflections/ecos off gas clouds!

[@joepverlaan575]

Nice episode!

[@steelgreyed]

1:55 One thing we have "not" taken into account in "habitable zones," or did and tried to ignore it cause close red dwarf, is locality to solar wind. Without a powerful magnetic field "Earth" if not Venus would have been as stripped as Mars, and the closer you get to a star, even a tiny one, the more you have to factor this stripping effect in, not doing so results you with a "Super Mercury." For a Terran star, somewhere between Venus and Jupiter is the ideal zone for a mild magnetic field keep a localized atmosphere and that is more a tenuous balance than we had assumed than just liquid water.

[@MCsCreations]

Thanks for all the news, Fraser! 😊 Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊

[@deltalima6703]

Its dangerous on vancouver island. A lot of snakes and rats.

[@rcarlosbbassguitar]

What kind of presumed toxins and pollutants might be released into our atmosphere from satellites/spacecraft burning up on reentry? Would it be possible to attach large controllable balloons to spacecraft to deorbit them in such a way so as to be able to control reentry and keep them from burning up.. and then be able to recover them intact and potentially even recycle some part of them?

[@LadyMoonweb]

The C02 visualisation was truly disturbing. We need to sort our act out, sharpish.

[@BriarLeaf00]

​@@Toyota-Coasterits absolutely terrifying on a humanity survival level. Look at the projections for 2100, look at this graphical representation of CO2, and despair.

[@frasercain]

I found it haunting.

[@ceramicfish4934]

Is the co2 map on the internet. Would love to show a few people. But would that even help 😢

[@redcat9436]

More unnecessary climate alarmism.

[@timpointing]

Or, in this case, *necessary* climate alarmist!

[@Agnemons]

It is generally assumed that any planet in the habitable zone of Trappist-1 would be tidally locked. Could a moon cancel that effect out? If so, how big/close would a moon have to be?

[@michaelblacktree]

I'm curious to see if any of the planets even have moons. The planets are so close to each other, that may not be possible. But a moon of one of those planets should have a day / night cycle, even if it's tidally locked to the planet.

[@S....]

It would be hard to have a moon with stable orbit. And ignoring this to answer your question - no, the moon's influence would be too low to do that.

[@Dragrath1]

As @S said the orbit wouldn't be stable. To understand why we need to recognize that tidal forces effectively exist to rebalance the angular momentum distribution until it reaches an equilibrium. Now angular momentum can be split between orbital angular momentum and rotational angular momentum and the state known as tidal locking is the end equilibrium state for two orbiting bodies or more specifically mutual synchronous(tidally locked) orbits are the end state for a two body system. Reality is more complicated of course but the same principals apply with n bodies its just there are more things to take into account however since the strength/magnitude of tidal forces is proportional to 1/r^3 proximity is by far the dominant parameter as tides dampen out as distance becomes significant. In the redistribution of angular momentum for two prograde bodies there are two possible scenarios under the influence of tides. The first is what happens when the orbital period of the less massive "orbiting" natural satellite is longer than the period of revolution for the more massive body. In this scenario the tidal forces transfer momentum from the planet to its natural satellite which since any moon close enough to be in a tightly bound orbit is going to be relatively quickly get synchronously locked to its planet for the same reasons planets close to their star should be synchronously locked this mans the only place that angular momentum can go is to the orbit thus the moon recedes from the planet. In the other possibility the period of the planets revolution is longer than the orbital period of the natural satellite here the balance of angular momentum means the planet has less angular momentum than the moon and thus the moon must lose orbital angular momentum and thus it's orbit decays until it either reaches equilibrium or more likely crashes into the primary body. As this depends on orbital mechanics there turns out to be a specific distance from a planet or star where stable orbits can exist due to tidal effects. For planets close into a star like TRAPPIST1 this means that only the latter planet moon scenario can exist without the moon becoming unbound to its host planet as the planets have very limited regions which they are locally the dominant gravitational potential (a.k.a. the Hill Sphere), this means that all such possible moons will have decaying orbits and due to the close proximity this would have caused them to crash into their respective planets billions of years ago. Its effectively the same reason why Mercury and Venus do not have moons.

[@crnocommentary]

My guess is we are gonna find out all the trappist planets are lava worlds or burnt to a crisp rocks with no atmosphere at all 😞 kinda sad cause i been following this system since the mid 2000s

[@bbartky]

Fraser, I would love to see you do a video about the issues with the NASA/ESA Mars Sample Return Mission.

[@gptiede]

Common mistake alert: A difference of 1 magnitude is not a difference of 10x in brightness. A difference of 5 magnitudes is defined to be a ratio of 100x in brightness, so therefore a difference of 1 magnitude is the 5th root of 100 times in brightness or approximately 2.5x. The magnitude system is logarithmic, but since it is based on how human eyes work, it is not intuitive.

[@SteveSiegelin]

I've been thinking for about five years now on how to build the proper scanner so that we could possibly scan a star system like elite dangerous. I don't know why I never thought about The echoes from pulsars to triangulate your location in the galactic plane 🤣

[@rJaune]

It's sort of fitting that the end of the CO2 visualization makes Earth look like Venus. Yikes!

[@nateg08]

I think that was the point

[@PinataOblongata]

I think it's pretty clear from all of human history that yes, asking "Can't people just get along?" is asking too much :/

[@nah656]

How do I find the unlisted full replays of the question show? You've mentioned they exist still but how do I find them? Please 🙏

[@johnmurdock1391]

have an experience : Gravitational waves have been predicted and are now being experienced. If we could measure the changes in the temp. of the sun, and correllate them with the changes of the temp of earth and other planets, we would certainly have a lot to work with. My point is that gravitational waves do not interact greatly with loose matter, but in the case of very dense matter, like the core of planets, they should generate friction, therefore, extra heat.

[@ccib00]

So Trappist b and c did not seem to have an atmosphere. Hopefully they detect some on d and I have high hope for interesting result on e as well!

[@crp9985]

We will see.....I would like to see something to give us hope of something. LOL.

[@NoNameAtAll2]

(capital letters are for stars, lower case for planets, so it's Trappist b)

[@ccib00]

@@NoNameAtAll2 Oh great, I just make the system has multiple stars. Fixed.

[@pocketheart1450]

15:18 Hallowed are the Ori.

[@timpointing]

SG-1 Team: "FU Ori"

[@mariuszzwolak_]

what is the strength of gravity waves as they leave the merging holes, does it spaghettify everything near by, planets, ice cream parlours, puppies? Or could snake plisken ride one?

[@Chip_in]

16:40 December is nice at night down here in the southern hemisphere it's summertime ⛳

[@frasercain]

I'll bet.

[@timpointing]

In the video, I'm pretty sure that Fraser misspoke 16:42 and referred to the southern hemisphere being frigid in December. [Although, if you go south *far enough* into the southern hemisphere (think Ross Ice Shelf!), it is still frigid then!]

[@frasercain]

Yeah, that's strange, I'm aware that the temperatures are flipped.

[@timpointing]

Yeah. You simply misspoke and said "southern" when you clearly meant "northern". I figured that, even though you are a journalist, not a scientist, you knew! 😉

[@user-bs1lr8nx1h]

was not starlinks trick an upcoming feature -told about that years ago - just use a paint that has specific frecvency on the paint and it can be removed from pictures immediatelly

[@Prof_Tickles92]

When will we have the data for Trappist 1-D?

[@frasercain]

We don't know. A few months.

[@deancollins1371]

You that we are seeing echos of an event at Sgr A 200 years ago. Since the Milky Way's central super massive black hole is about 26,000 lightyears away, I think it's more accurate to say that we seeing echos of we could directly observed 200 years ago, but actually occurred thousands of years ago. I'm curious how effective the satellite debris cleaner can be using a magnet for catching the debris. I worked on designing commercial satellites and there was very little ferrous material involved their manufacture.

[@Agnemons]

I would have thought that the only reason that everyone is not using space based telescopes is the cost of getting them up there. If you look at what SpaceX has done to the cost of getting to space so far and then extend that out to where the costs are likely to be in the future. True, current space telescopes are horrendously expensive. Mainly because they are custom, one of a kind things. If you are "mass" producing them then the cost would quickly fall. To get mass production you need the have affordable launch systems. This is what Starlink is intended to develop an affordable launch system. This "affordable" launch system will enable al sorts of tech that will eclipse what we have now.

[@ikkezelf599]

Though that is exactly what I was thinking of wen You started your talk of LIGO and merging black holes. I thought all over our visible (or event horizon 'no connection to movie') With more time passing since the 'bang' it most be the ringing of a universe of many bells? Or am I missing something. PS Prob a lot.

[@denijane89]

Starlink v2 may be dimmer, but they are still blocking light and they'll be more and more of them with time (and also other constellations), eventually, making Earth-based astronomy impossible.

[@Ittiz]

You would expect to find phosphorus throughout the solar system. All the worlds came from the same stardust. Other stars not so much. Phosphorus is extremely rare on a cosmological scale.

[@Kerrsartisticgifts]

The gif makes it appear as though a huge portion of the atmosphere is CO2 when in fact it's something like 0.04% isn't it? Around 80% Nitrogen and 20% Oxygen, right? wrong?

[@stevencoardvenice]

I want them to keep working on the second trappist

[@Taprman]

How long is it estimated to be until results for Trappist 1d and beyond are released?

[@austinsapp5867]

Do you think Mercury was once a hot Jupiter that burned away and left a small, rocky/metal core behind? Honestly, I never considered this before. Very cool!

[@plopdoo339]

Very possible

[@S....]

No.

[@jpslaym0936]

Next week is the week scheduled to announce life signatures on a Trappist-1d planetary body.

[@dontactlikeUdonkno]

Last week I loved the Tarantula Nebula story! ⁉Would love to hear what all Fraser heard/knows/thinks about this; If theoretical star-forming speed and density is being surpassed because of magnetism in the Tarantula Nebula-and the early-universe models don't take into account magnetism because of the insane compute required (I heard on Anton's channel), what are the implications?

[@frasercain]

I covered that last week I think

[@jonathanbair523]

@@frasercain In your video that I just watched before this one.. Fire in space... You made a comment about steam is not very good for life... I wanted to point out that there is life that lives at underwater volcanic vents living in that steam. I know it is very rare life, but gives hope for life on other planets that dose not fit with in the rules of "Normal Earth life area".... Love the info you put out by the way so please keep up the good work.

[@DominikJaniec]

4:27 can you? don't they are pulsars, because they are directed at us? thus in other place of Milky Way they are just ordinary neutron stars? or they are sweeping enough space with theirs pulses, that there is a big chance to find some familiar ones?

[@deant6361]

Yes the interview’s are great but the show is good anyway 👍🇦🇺🌌

[@archmage_of_the_aether]

Trappist search: stay tuned for the next thrilling episode of, "where's Firefly??"

[@JohnRandomness105]

I wish that people would dispense with the notion of the habitable zones of red dwarfs. Those zones are so close to the stars that planets would be tide-locked, and also subject to serious solar flares. 13:50 I have wondered why phosphorous is critical for life. It may be critical for earth life, but it seems to me that it happened because phosphorous was there, very early life found an advantage, and incorporated it. Eventually, life depended on it. 15:40 Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_(astronomy)) tells us that each decrease by 1 corresponds to an increase in brightness by a factor of about 2.5 (fifth root of 100). So going from 16 to 9 means a factor of 600 or a little more increase in brightness.

[@jensphiliphohmann1876]

15:30: _Each number in magnitude is a ten times brightening._ No, this is an error. The scale is indeed logarithmic but the base is a different one. A star of magnitude 6 is meant to be a 100th the brightness of a magnitude 1 star which means that each order of magnitude means a factor of ⁵√{100} ≈ 2,5. So it takes 2,5 orders of magnitude to make a factor of 10.

[@timpointing]

Correct. So, the change from mag 16.5 to mag 9.6 (from the Wikipedia article on FU Orionis) is 6.9 magnitudes. This equates to a factor of nearly 600.

[@WhistlerTrainer]

Earth needs Quark to start collecting up "space baggies" 😂

[@steelrain2012]

Why is mass on the quantum level measured in GeV? That sounds like a unit of measure for the EM force to this layman. Thanks, love your videos!

[@Tagraff]

21:55 Aren't we able to pinpoint coordinates where it produce the most C02? Rather than to generalize the causation when we can pay close attention to where exactly on Earth did it keep on emitting?

[@frasercain]

Absolutely, there are satellites that can pinpoint emissions down to a specific powerplant.

[@darthshima820]

The simple answer is to keep moving telescopes to space like jwst. I dont think starlink will be an issue

[@mrEofPlanetEarth]

So, about this Echo from our black hole. Could we keep observing this "reflection" from this event over and over by looking at progressively farther and farther reflection points?

[@frasercain]

Yes, we'll see the echo repeat over and over again

[@RWBHere]

I have questions which puzzle me, so please forgive my ignorance if these questions make no sense to you: If the Black Hole drew in something about 200 years ago, and it's perhaps 30,000 to 50,000 Light Years away from us, how can we see its after-effects? Surely the radiation cannot have reached us yet, and will not do so for about another 30,000 to 50,000 years? Presumably you mean that its electromagnetic radiation reached the Earth about 200 years ago, tens of thousands of years after the event? Can we assume then that astronomers are viewing 'light echoes' which have reached us via longer paths than the direct one? That would make more sense to me. Thanks. 🙂

[@KirstenBayes]

Super Mercuries, all of them, Super Mercuries!

[@lnk77]

Rad Dragon tail, 7 heads, Trapist-1c 7 planets with a red brown daef. Cincidences ? ..... I', sure 😂 (Nemesis in plain site, they tell you what is comming)

[@craigmackay4909]

What’s going on at Tau Ceti ?

[@michaelblacktree]

Since the Trappist-1 system is so tightly packed (compared to the Solar system), panspermia should be much more likely... if there's any life there.

[@dylancoykendall554]

I’m very worried that it’s star has blasted off every planets atmosphere :((

[@tylerstrothers9221]

Speaking on the hot Jupiter getting its gaseous outer layers blasted away, what are the chances that mercury is the solid core remnants of a gas planet that had its outer layers blasted away?

[@TiagoTiagoT]

Would it work to have Starlink satellites be coated with something like Vantablack, Black 3.0, or Musou Black? Would that cause heating issues? Too much weight? Not enough absorption of important non-visible frequencies? Not enough resistance to unfiltered sunlight? Cost?

[@inthefade]

My guess is that they are doing something like that. But with a coating like that their albedo won’t be low enough to not significantly reflect sunlight.

[@tsumi9774]

FU Ori.. I love the names we get sometimes.

[@Groksaurus]

If you're using gravity to shed velocity, wouldn't it be gravitational desist?

[@davecarsley8773]

Hey Fraser. Can an intermediate or stellar mass black hole produce a Quasar if it runs into enough matter? Or are Quasars exclusive to supermassive black holes?

[@frasercain]

They can make mini versions of quasar, just with less powerful jets.

[@NoNameAtAll2]

​@@frasercaintheoretically or have there been observed examples?

[@frasercain]

www.universetoday.com/160978/neutron-star-behaves-like-a-mini-quasar/

[@notmyname327]

I've heard a lot of hype around next week's announcement from NANOGrav and pulsar timing agencies all over the world. Do you think they finally "heard" supermassive black holes merging? Another kind of discovery? I can't wait

[@frasercain]

Whoa, I hadn't heard this. I'll keep an eye out for it.

[@HebaruSan]

Even if the satellites become completely invisible, would they occlude stars while observations were being made? Low probability, but there're going to be lots of them. I guess the effect would be very brief.

[@timpointing]

If you're doing a "long" duration exposure of a star field / galaxy, etc, you don't really care if the light is occluded for a millisecond. It is the *additional* light caused by the reflected light on the satellite that messes things up. Having 100% coordination between the satellite operators and the telescope operators (so the latter could briefly stop the exposure during the passing of the satellite), while a great idea, would soon become virtually untenable with the number of satellites and satellite operators growing. Starlink plans on about *12000* satellites and may grow that to *42000* satellites in orbit. Add in Project Kuiper and OneWeb (and possibly others), and you have a nightmarish situation for the telescope operators!

[@mshepard2264]

❓ the aparent magnitude scale seems kindof weird like furlongs or slugs. Especialy being inverse to the brightness. Is there a more scientific measure that works better for calculations like lumens or lux or somthing? Maybe w/m^2 ?

[@R.Instro]

The magnitude scale itself is logarithmic, and is extremely precise with respect to measurement. (Whether we're talking "apparent" or "absolute" magnitude is a separate question, but both are measured using the same scale.) The only real difficulty with it is that the scale itself is counterintuitive to the average person: brighter objects get lower numbers, dimmer objects get higher numbers. To me, it just falls into the category of "Astronomers should not be allowed to name/decide things," lol.

[@simonmultiverse6349]

0:56 (the temperature scale) *PLEEEEEEEEEEEASE* also include temperatures in Celcius. Quite a lot of the world uses that, e.g. the European Union. In fact, EVERYONE EXCEPT AMERICA uses Celcius. Kelvin is also good because that is the language of physics.

[@kkgt6591]

Hey Frasier, why did the Trapist team chose to observe the innermost planets, rather than those in goldilocks zone, considering that jwst observation time is overbooked it is surprising.

[@frasercain]

They observed them all, they're just processing the planets one by one and releasing the results.

[@mossy9756]

could you paint the starlink sats vanta black/

[@R.Instro]

Yes, but they would overheat almost immediately: basically, you end up trading brightness in one range of frequencies for brightness in others. Thermodynamics is a harsh mistress.

[@l.johnkellerii1597]

Shouldn’t all of the Trappist planets cooled enough over seven billion years to have frozen their internal dynamo. Without their magnetic fields wouldn’t their atmosphere swept away just like Mars?

[@billallen275]

The CO2 animation is neat but imo the presentation is hyper-alarmist as it might be interpreted by most media and warmists.

[@ashnur]

The reason you can't ask people to be nice is that ultimately for every issue, there are people with guns who stand on each side. Luckily, we have invented social institutions so that this violence is not apparent everywhere, but it's what drives the whole shebang.

[@stevep5408]

At what speed does gravitational waves travel at?

[@Zurround]

Light. If (impossible but hypothetically) the black hole in the center of our galaxy were to suddenly and magically disappear then 25,000 years later (approximately, whatever the number light years distance is) is when our solar system would stop orbiting where it WAS. So for example, if the black hole in the center of our galaxy had magically disappeared in 10,000 BC then sometime around 15,000 AD our solar system would suddenly shoot out in a different direction because only then would the gravity waves stop. Our solar system would fly in a straight line from whatever direction it was facing when the gravity waves stopped.

[@namakota]

Is it conceivable that a galaxy like Sombrero has been manipulated by Level 2 civilizations?

[@hawkdsl]

The astronomy/sat problem is easy to fix. Move all the telescopes off world.

[@rgraph]

Do you think there will come a point where the space junk problem becomes so severe that the "No weapons in space" treaty is put aside and a big honkin' laser is sent up to try and vaporize the stuff?

[@timpointing]

The issue with that is that you will never get it 100% vaporized, so now you've changed the problem from "one large, easily-tracked object" to "thousands of smaller objects, some of which are too small to track but still an 'issue for other satellites/astronauts, in a variety of orbits." At ~8km/s, very small bits of the original satellite still have a massive amount of energy. A 1kg shard would have the same kinetic energy as a modern armour-piercing tank round (but hitting a poor defenceless satellite). I understand that objects as small as flakes of paint flying around at orbital speeds are of concern to salletite/spacecraft operators.

[@SteveSiegelin]

Theoretically using a kick in the opposite direction the spacecraft could use the force of the other satellite to propel itself toward the next Target a little. If they designed this kicker arm right they can actually use it to conserve a lot of fuel. I actually tried this incredible before I made my comment😊

[@SteveSiegelin]

In a full disclosure though I didn't achieve a deorbit using that technique😅 I did however change the and managed to progress the orbit of the secondary satellite without firing my engines. I have not had a chance to play around with Kerbal space program 2 yet so I do not know how it's physics are.

[@inthefade]

In both of your comments you seem to have a word.

[@j.mbarlow5952]

@@SteveSiegelin i dunno why, but my mind went straight to picturing you pushing yourself on a rolling chair over to your pc so you could type your comment lol

[@SteveSiegelin]

@@j.mbarlow5952no office chair, actually just free weights in front of my recliner while watching this that gave me the idea to try it. I'm an aerospace engineer according to my degrees 😁 l did my a&p training at AIM in Orlando, perspective flights at Embry-Riddle in Daytona and then transfered to Utah valley University as a global student in aviation administration then transferring over to engineering. After all of that I went back to my agricultural degree (I earned that through a magnet program in high school) and started running a landscape nursery being that I am a third-generation nurseryman. Now my goal is almost the same thing that started Elon in his long journey. I'm trying to develop offworld greenhouses and at the same time I am qualifying for my rocket licenses. I'm a crazy Floridian so I already hold a bunch of other license is that I shouldn't hold. Physics just works different in my head than most people. Science is like a drug to me and I can't get enough.

[@Zurround]

Why did he not tell us how FAR AWAY these Trappist planets are? Maybe some day we could send astronauts to explore?

[@hongo3870]

You could search that in 5 seconds. Here Ill do it for you. 39.46 lightyears

[@dnocturn84]

Shouldn't all of Trappists planets be sterile barren worlds by default? I don't get where the assumption is coming from, that there might be a planet in such a system, where life (as we know it) is supposed to be possible. Especially any planet that contains water. Trappist is a red dwarf. So it was a star going through its evolution cycle and ended there as a red dwarf. Like ours sun, which is a main sequence star, that will go the same route. When a star system forms, it simplified does the following: star clears majority of gas (esp. hydrogen) nearby, rocky worlds form from dust nearby as well. They receive only limited amounts of gas. So planets like Earth, Venus, Mars form. Outside of that gas-eating zone you'll find gas gigants and further out ice worlds. When the star turns into a red gigant, it consumes all nearby planets. So all rocky worlds die. Than it turns into a red dwarf. Debris nearby can form new planets, or maybe even some leftovers from the rocky ones prior to this. The outer ones become rogue planets and leave the star system. But now there isn't any water or gas there for the new planets anymore. Also no relvant amounts of hydrogen. Only sterile matter. They can also not be seeded by water-ice asteroids anymore, as there are no water-ice asteroids left anymore. Shouldn't this always result in a red dwarf system with a bunch of Mercury-like sterile planets? What additional process is supposed to be there, that may result in the existence of habitable planets?

[@J-3-3-R-379]

Is it possible/inevitable that the black hole at the center of a galaxy will consume all of the stars, planets, etc.? If so then the universe's fate is to be filled with black holes solely?

[@frasercain]

No, it can only affect stuff that's really close. Like, if you replaced the Sun with a black hole all the planets would continue to orbit. Black holes are just mass. They're not vacuum cleaners.

[@NoNameAtAll2]

juno still alive?

[@kylehuntmaui]

The lighting is so good. You look beautiful.

[@frasercain]

Thank you so much!!

[@julians7268]

Would love to turn the globe and see what China looks like in that CO2 simulation. Also, Brazil didn't seem to produce much CO2, even with the amount of rainforest destroyed illegally while under their watchful eye for logging and farming the delta CO2 remains negative! This fact is mind-blowing and means two things. The Amazon is absolutely massive, but also that negative delta is obscuring the enormity of the damage that has been done in the Amazon to this date. I fear people won't care until the Amazon is no longer able to be the big CO2 scrubber that it currently can be. By that time though, it will be far far too late.

[@frasercain]

China is the world's largest CO2 emitter, so it would be similar to the North America side, but more. Regarding Brazil, they're a net emitter now, about 20% more than the forests absorb, but it's harder to see that compared to the raw emissions made by countries without the ability to absorb. You can see the blue and green colors for emissions and absorptions from oceans and forests.

[@nerufer]

Hello Fraser, wen trappist e?

[@frasercain]

After TRAPPIST-1d. :-(

[@greggweber9967]

What percentage of time has Earth been in the Habitual Zone?

[@calpowell1624]

Magnitude is 2.5x each

[@nate6024]

Hi fraiser, each order of magnitude in astronomy terms is actually 2.5ish times not 10. It was based this way so that 5 steps is 100x. Thanks for all you do, love the videos.

[@frasercain]

Yikes, thanks

[@illustriouschin]

​@@frasercainI would like to know more detail on this clarification.

[@neverlistentome]

This is not accurate information. You are confusing apparent/absolute magnitude (brightness of objects) with orders of magnitude. Please don't attempt to teach others if you don't understand the information yourself.

[@davecarsley8773]

Incorrect. "Absolute magnitude" (what you appear to be talking about) has absolutely nothing to do with "orders of magnitude".

[@XJapa1n09]

@@davecarsley8773 This is a great distinction and clarification.

[@jerrykinworthy9225]

That carbon video is parts per million so its a little misleading, but also I'm curious if that was accounting the wild fires in Canada or not.

[@frasercain]

The green comes from plants, so that would have been mixed in.

[@MTMabowels]

If James Webb were a Scotsman would the spacecraft be called Jock’sTrappist-1?

[@robertmiller9735]

Isn't it that the debris removal craft can only remove satellites launched with the proper attachment point?

[@frasercain]

No, as long as they're made of metal. Magnets!

[@robertmiller9735]

@@frasercain Well, some kinds of steel, anyway. I imagine most satellites are made of aluminum and/or carbon fiber. It's better than nothing, of course, and hopefully just the tiny beginning.

[@triskeliand]

edit: Plants release Oxygen @22:51

[@frasercain]

Not when they die

[@R.Instro]

Also, not at night when they aren't photosynthesizing.

[@jssomewhere6740]

The space junk issue. If they come across Ripley we need to remind them don't send her ship towards earth. Send that one to the sun cuz I don't want to lose the planet to the 7' foot double jawed bugs. Hahahahahaha🤣😂😁 There will be a day that clearing space junk will become a big industry. Life mirroring science fiction. A bit cringy but kinda Kool. Watching humans take the first steps into the futuristic world that our descents will see as just Tuesday.

[@stevencoardvenice]

Perfect organism

[@tyderian25]

What do you think about Roger Penrose's theory that the big bang was not the beginning of our universe, but the end of the previous one? Can you break down the theory for us?

[@frasercain]

Unfortunately I'm just a journalist, not an astronomer, so I can't provide an opinion.. There are quite a few interviews with him on the topic out there if you search here on YT.

[@MacManRacer335]

Space junk removal, Ilsa

[@frasercain]

Here's hoping we can decrease the junk.