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Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) produce generally benign tumours of the skin and of the mucous membranes of the alimentary and urogenital tracts. The tumours, which may be papillomas or fibropapillomas, are commonly called warts and have been known for a long time, probably for centuries.
There are several distinct types of BPV which differ in the sites they infect and the type of lesion they produce. The six that have been characterised to date are as follows:
BPV-1 produces fibropapillomas in the skin (including the skin of teats) and in the genital mucosa.
BPV-2 produces fibropapillomas in the skin , in the mucosa of the alimentary tract and also tumours of the bladder mucosa.
BPV-3 produces papillomas in the skin.
BPV-4 produces papillomas in the alimentary tract.
BPV-5 produces small ‘rice-grain’ fibropapillomas on the udder and teats.
BPV-6 produces papillomas on the teats.