Turning Point in the Greco-Turkish War - Battles of Sakarya and İnönü I THE GREAT WAR 1921

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The Greek Army was desperately trying to continue their offensive into Turkey among waning Allied support, Eleftherios Venizelos losing the Greek election and a monkey bite killing young Greek King Alexander of Greece. With their backs to the wall, the Turkish Army under Mustafa Kemal was able to turn the tide at the Battle of Sakarya.
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» SOURCES
Primary Sources
- Danglis, Panagiotis: Memoirs, ii.
- Edib, Halide: The Turkish Ordeal. Being the further memoirs of Halide Edib.
- Gazi M. Kemal, Nutuk-Söylev, Cilt II: 1920-1927, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi
- Gehri, Maurice: « Mission d'enquête en Anatolie (12-22 mai 1921) », Revue internationale de la Croix rouge, tome LII, no 227, 15 juillet 1921, p. 721-735.
- Toynbee, Arnold: The Western Question in Greece and Turkey. A Study in the Contact of Civilizations, Boston 1922.
Secondary Sources
- Erickson, Edward J.: The Turkish War of Independence. A Military History, 1919-1923, Santa Barbara 2021.
- Gedeon, Paschalidou, and Dima-Dimitrou: A Concise History of the Campaign in Asia Minor.
- Glasneck, Johannes: Kemal Atatürk und die moderne Türkei, Freiburg im Breisgau 2010.
- Llewelyn-Smith, Michael: Ionian Vision: Greece in Asia Minor, 1919-1922, 1973.
- Shaw, Bernard: From Empire to Republic, vol. 2, part 1, 1977.
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»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Toni Steller
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: above-zero.com
Maps: Daniel Kogosov ( / zalezsky )
Research by: Joé Voncken
Fact checking: Joé Voncken
Channel Design: Yves Thimian
Contains licensed material by getty images
All rights reserved - Real Time History GmbH 2021

[@TheGreatWar]

Support us and get 40% off Nebula: go.nebula.tv/the-great-war Watch 16 Days in Berlin on Nebula: nebula.tv/videos/16-days-in-berlin-01-prologue-the-beginning-of-the-end?ref=the-great-war

[@andrewsever98]

The King of Greece dying because he was bitten by a monkey, and his entire government falling apart because of it, just feels like it encapsulates the whole post-war era.

[@Palladiosios]

In Greece we call that monkey “that Turcophile monkey” or “that Malaka-ish Monkey”

[@philipbrening433]

Was the monkey a secret agent

[@Pavlos_Charalambous]

@@Palladiosioslol :'D

[@Game_Hero]

@@philipbrening433 "Mission accomplished great Kemal, our year-long undercover infiltration of the Royal Zoo was a success!"

[@matthewg.305]

You got that right 🤦‍♂️

[@ryanbrown5905]

"And then a monkey stepped in" Me: That's a weird turn of phrase. Me a minute later: on no that was literally a monkey.

[@jtgd]

Like the Dennis Quaid sketch “This is garbage!” Points at actual garbage

[@thedeadcannotdie]

In my head canon that monkey was secretly a hitman hired by Kemal.

[@laistvan2]

Had he got a medallion?

[@MPlain]

the monkey was a trained assassin. Went to ninja school and everything. surprisingly it wouldn't surprise me at all that it was where it was because Turkish intelligence put it there. Look at what happens. Loss of allied support.

[@Arphenonn]

Another name of Battle of Sakarya is "Battle of Officers". Beacuse %75 of officers died in this war. It was extreme

[@cometive6075]

sounds pretty game bro, rock on! 🤙🤙🤙

[@mertcengiz2801]

@@cometive6075 arfenon'un tarih bilgisi seninkinden daha iyi.

[@cometive6075]

@@mertcengiz2801 anneni senin onu tanıdığından daha iyi tanıyorum.

[@UGTLDG]

20:30 "The month-long battle of Sakarya"... I'm not sure how many of the watchers can realize what a month-long battle means, with every hill and stream contested by both sides... and bare in mind that both sides were secondary powers at the time, facing severe economic and social problems after almost a decade of fighting since the First Balkan War of 1912! Talking about tenacity and determination! My grandpa fought there, was lucky enough to make it back home, and had since a tremendous respect for the Turkish soldier and the Turkish people in general. As most of the Greeks who actually were present at Sakarya, did!

[@MERTYILMAZGAMES]

Can't believe war was such a common thing back in those times. Happening every few years non-stop for each country.

[@ZaJaClt]

Tell that to stalingrad

[@UGTLDG]

@@ZaJaClt Respect! But as I said, Turkey and Greece weren't world class superpowers, but rather poor countries, with limited resources, human and other.

[@ZaJaClt]

@@UGTLDG 😊

[@diabloturco8849]

🇹🇷❤🇬🇷

[@Ass_of_Amalek]

monkey bite is a hilarious cause of death for a king.

[@BHuang92]

What a way to go for a king.......

[@Jay-ho9io]

I mean it's a pretty hilarious way regardless.

[@ggoddkkiller1342]

@@BHuang92 I guess it is still better than falling down horse and drowning in a small creek as an emperor of HRE🤣🤣

[@aneesahussein1522]

Try cat bite… more deadly

[@ankararuzgar2940]

@@ggoddkkiller1342 Göksu ırmağı o kadar da küçük değil

[@ahmetben8812]

Perfect pronunciation of Turkish words such as Polatlı, Afyonkarahisar, Eskişehir etc. One minor mistake was Halide Edip's surname which is Adıvar, not Edivar.

[@Pavlos_Charalambous]

Indeed excellent pronunciation of both Greek and Turkish words, that why I like this channel - they do their homework ;)

[@binbasesatoktayyldran5236]

@@Pavlos_Charalambous Wow a guy with a Greek name that didn't just swear at us. Nice

[@Flow86767]

@@binbasesatoktayyldran5236 Thank you for your insightful comment Barack Obama 😳

[@binbasesatoktayyldran5236]

@@Flow86767 I am a Balkan war criminal

[@Pavlos_Charalambous]

@@binbasesatoktayyldran5236 why should I?

[@systemreset9410]

All these cities repeatedly mentioned mean a lot to me, my mom was born in Afyon province, i studied high school in Eskişehir, did my military service in Kütahya. What a life

[@dgpfproducoes6467]

You were a walking Leonardo di Caprio pointing meme watching the video.

[@canozturk8157]

@@dgpfproducoes6467 hahaha

[@user-dz4pb2ll3k]

don't worry. soon Greeks will take back Anatolia from muslims

[@Bohembirsair]

​@@user-dz4pb2ll3k ahahahah. swiming time greeks.

[@cushpnk]

@@user-dz4pb2ll3k cool, tell me when you'll do it

[@shawngilliland243]

"Bitter hatred of each other" - that seems to be the most lasting consequence of the Greco-Turkish War.

[@emir6691]

nahh. honestly - besides hardline politicians and extremist losers - greeks and turks don't really have a problem with each other. that war is still historically and emotionally important fora both sides sure, but neither turks or greeks call for the extermination of the other or something haha.. turks actually love shopping and partying on greek islands lol.

[@phi32p]

@@emir6691 are you talking on behalf of greeks now mongol?

[@tanatos5]

@@phi32p And are you talking on behalf of greeks? And here I thought the king of Greece had died of an animal bite. I guess I was wrong, your majesty. My humble apologies.

[@serdarates6750]

Considering what happened it'll last forever.

[@bigsmoke1787]

We turks dont hate greeks what has happened in the past stays in the past, much respect and love to greeks from a turk

[@gozdea5548]

I think there is small mistake at 14:37. Inonu was always under the command of Ataturk and Ataturk never said I want to be a Baskumandan because he was already working like that. The opposition members in the assembly proposed this as a political maneuver to blame him for expected defeat and to send him away from the congress so he cannot be involved in decision making. Ataturk knew their intention and accepted the offer only with one condition: He wanted the legislative power of the congress on himself for 3 months (of course only limited to the war and army). This created a shocking effect on opposition members because if that condition happens whatever Ataturk says would be a law. They first refused this in congress discussion; and he replied as " I am already leading the army as "baskuman" so far, but you are the ones who found this insufficient. Unless you have another agenda for sending me away from congress, you have to accept my conditions.. this condition is limited to three months and congress can cancel it anytime they want" Those opposition members were supporters of Enver Pasha.

[@turkishemir5735]

Whatever they opposed Ataturk or not, they still fought for their nation. The opposition in the assembly is quite interesting and often overlooked. It showed that the Ankara government was not based on a common ideology but common interests. This again can be proven by the establishment of the "terakkiperver cumhuriyet fırkası" later on.

[@gozdea5548]

@@turkishemir5735 yes, that's true. When it comes to victory they are together but when it comes to failure, the first thing in their mind was finding a culprit. Even Ataturk's close friends were hesitant to take responsibility of the risky decisions he made during National struggle. Ataturk said many times, I am taking the full responsibility, if I fail you can hang me.

[@HakanKaradumanAKDENIZLI]

Gurur duydum sizinle

[@gozdea5548]

@13. SS Waffen Handschar bu konuyla ilgili alakayi anlayamadim ???? Dunya savasindayiz ve emir komuta askeriyenin temel disiplinlerinden biridir. Balkan hezimetini bu sistem politik kavgalardan bozuldugu icin yasadik. Kurtulus savasinda bile Yakup Sevki Pasa, Ataturk'un emrini dinlemedigi icin emir altindaki subaylara emir verildi. Politika ve ulke yonetimiyle askeriyeyi karistirmayalim.

[@gozdea5548]

@13. SS Waffen Handschar Neden olmasin? Churchill'den tut da Kennedy e kadar dunya tarihininde askeri gecmisi olan bir suru basarili politikaci var. Onemli olan demokrasinin kurallarini uygulayabilme becerisini gostermek. Ki Ludwig'in kitabina gore bu liderler arasinda en basarilisi Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. Ayrica KOmutan deyince akliniza sadece emir komuta zinciri gelmesi dogru degil, strateji, akil, istihbarat agi, zeka, tahmin gucu, olasiliklara hazirlikli olma bunlar da genellikle basarili ust rutbelerin sahip oldugu ozellikler.

[@ercancigdem5360]

“ Hattı müdafa yoktur. Sathı müdafa vardır; O satıh bütün vatandır.”

[@yakupkeser248]

Patrikhane ,Anadolu daki Rumlara baskı yapıyordu.Bir kısım Metropolitler ile İstanbul da zenginler " Türkler ile biz yüzyıllarca kardeşçe yaşadık,kötülüklerini görmedik,asker olmak da istemiyoruz ,vermiyoruz diyorlardı.Anadolu dan kaçan Rumlar İstanbul'a oradan da dışarı kaçmaya çalışıyorlardı.Patrikhane halkı galeyana getirmek için Yunanistan dan yardım istedi.Veliaht geldi.Ama yüz bulamadı.Bırakın bunları eli kanlı Türkle kessin dedi ve gitti.Patrikhane boş durmuyordu.Bu sefer Yunan Kralı Konstantin geldi.Ayasofya ya haç takmaya kalktı.Yapamadı.Burs ve İzmir 'e de gitti.İzmir Karşıyaka daki evlendirme dairesi karşısındaki Aliottilerin köşkü olan şimdiki Çağlayan apt yerinde kaldı.Binaya girerken yere serilen Türk Bayrağını çiğnedi.10 eylül 1922 de İzmir'e gelen Atatürk,İzmir/Karşıkaya metro istasyonu arkasıdaki halen duran ve Zübeyde Hanımefendinin de daha sonra vefat ettiği eve geldi.Bu sefer Yunan bayrağını sermişlerdi.Atatürk kızdı." Bayrak bir milletin namusu ve şerefidir .Kaldırın " dedi. İstanbul'un adı onun için çevrildi.Değilse isimlere allerjimiz yok.Anadolu daki Ortodoks Hristiyanlar Yunan ordusuna katılmadılar.Türk ordusunda savaşanlar da oldu.Ama Yunan ordusunda savaşıp esir düşenler mahkeme edilerek kurşuna dizildiler.Çünkü onlara Osmanlı vatandaşı idiler.Bu savaşı küçümseyenler %48-%52 arasındaki asker kaçağını da görmüyorlar.Asker ,çepheden çepheye koşup sürekli savaşlar kaybedilirken ümitsizdi.Bunlar da yakalanınca kurşuna dizildiler.İstiklâl Mahkemelerinin ilk kuruluşu böyle oldu.

[@SeabassSeeker]

❤️

[@seyfo.03]

"Hattı müdafa yogtur, hattı müdafa yogtur, afedersinz , hattı müdafa yogtur sathı müdafa vardır!" Kemal Kilicdaroglu

[@erikponti3447]

@@seyfo.03 keşke yunan kazansaydı "fesli kadir"

[@gurufabbes1]

It would be nice when you write in a foreign language to also write the translation. Till a better one comes along: "There is no line defense. There is a defense of the surface; That surface is the whole country." 17:38

[@berkay6441]

Turks had fought with italy in 1912 then 2 balkan wars then ww1 too. its not like turks had fresh forces.

[@anishapoorwakispotta7754]

Well you see if it ain't a white Christian country then it ain't worth being sympathetic towards them.

[@PBandas]

@kuvikina What are we then? Black or Asian?

[@AN-qi6ye]

@@PBandas Black

[@aksmex2576]

@@anishapoorwakispotta7754 They were fairly unbaised I thought. I think it was too obvious that Turkey was exhausted, they lost 1/5 of their men. In some places up to 50-80% of the women were widows.

[@uranuuss]

@@AN-qi6ye k a r a b o ğ a

[@enesamederel]

Naming the war as "Turkish War of Liberation" instead "Turkish Independence War" has got me. Terminology is everything. It is not a war between an imperial nation and the people of their subjects who wants their freedom as we see in such a places around globe expressly in 20th century. This is a war of a nation which rejected to be being ruled over by foreign countries in their homeland. That's why I admire this one of the greatest KZbin project ever. Big fan since Verdun. Stay cool ✌🏻✌🏻

[@hasantaskn5231]

Excellent comment.

[@zmba6924]

@علي ياسر How based, we speak Turkish, define ourselves as Turks, but as we lived in these lands for almost 1000 years, we are not disconnected to the Roman legacy, which makes the Turkish presence in Anatolia legitimate. Keep calling us Romans.

[@jacopofolin6400]

@علي ياسر ahahahah

[@Judge_Magister]

Turks come from Mongolia they are oppressors and occupying Anatolia illegally.

[@umut7034]

@@Judge_Magister the same motivation after 100 years. This is not only racism bu Idiocracy.

[@cassianoneto1553]

“Allied support for Greece wavers as Turkish nationalists refuse to surrender” Kinda speaks for itself the way the scales were weighted. Greece had one chance after WW1 to reach a victorious peace, but the moment an immediate victory failed, it was doomed.

[@HistoryOfRevolutions]

"Men would live exceedingly quiet if these two words, mine and thine, were taken away" - Anaxagoras

[@jonathanwilliams1065]

The 100 million people murdered in order to do that would say otherwise

[@Geckotr]

unfortunately it's the human nature. i wish we would live in a society where there is no need for borders and everybody respects each other's differences but it's just a dream right now. I think when we ascend to the next step of evolution as Nietzsche had foretold we will be able to achieve this goal or maybe never

[@burcinadsonmez4775]

Well, congrats. Another great non-biased Greco-Turkish War episode. Wish I could say the same for the comments section ofcourse but one can only hope. As a Turk I must congratulate Jesse on the pronounciations, all of the place names are correctly handled. I appreciate how hard is to pronounce Eskişehir or Kütahya for someone whose primary language is not Turkish. Maybe one small error should be addressed, İnönü is not the honorific of İsmet Paşa, but his future surname which was bestowed to him by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk when the surname law was initiated in Republic of Turkey in 1934. Also I know the main topic of this video was the Greco-Turkish War aspect of the Turkish Independence War but in Turkey we consider the War of Indepence as a whole including the battles against Transcaucasian Republic (but mainly as Armenia) in the Eastern Front, fought by Kazım (Karabekir) Paşa and the revolts in the southeastern cities against the French. The early victories in these fronts pulled the French to the negotiating table in Ankara Treaty in late 1921 and freed a large number of troops for the western front. On the other hand Treaty of Moscow signed with Soviets was the main catalyst for the end of hostilities in the eastern front of the Turkish War of Independence and guaranteed the arms deal with Soviet Russia (which you have briefly mentioned in this episode). I think the eastern front, Moscow, Ankara and Kars treaties and Ankara-Soviet alliance (which helped the eventual Turkish victory on the long run) deserve an (albeit shorter) episode. Once again, thanks for and keep up the great work.

[@onurpaydas2265]

Independence = bağımsızlık Liberation = kurtuluş

[@valery2711]

@@onurpaydas2265 independence daha doğru. Liberate=özgürleştirmek

[@gllmll7227]

Doğu cephesi ile ilgili bölüm var,"the brief independence of georgia,armenia and azerbaijan" ismiyle

[@onurpaydas2265]

@@gllmll7227 evet orda 'independence' kullanmak doğru, çünkü onlar bağımsız değildi. Bizim işgal altında topraklarımız vardı ama bağımsızlığımızı (tamamen) kayıp etmemiştik. O yüzden topraklarımızı ve orda yaşayanlara kurtarmak (to liberate) gerekiyordu.

[@mafteim5556]

Very well said! Indeed, the Soviet aid made the whole difference and feel in need to mention that part of that arms and gold given (the gold went towards the French because they were concerned about the old debt of the Ottoman Empire towards them and affraid about loosing it) were in fact Romanian Kingdom property, from our depos since 1917 inside the Tsarist Russia which felt into the hands of the revolutionnaries and later bolshevicks. One must recognize the genius of the Great Mustafa Kemal whom he knew how to handle each person and situation and make final victory possible against all odds. Peace from Romania.🕊

[@brokenbridge6316]

I remember reading about this conflict many years ago. And I remember it fondly. Great video. Can't wait for your next video on this conflict. Whenever that is.

[@medetbilalsarac4856]

It was impossible for Greeks to govern all the lands from Izmir to Ankara. At first Greeks were supported by the Great Powers. However after that the support turned to us rather than Greeks. Italians left their holdings without a fight. France ceased fire with us to focus on Syria. Soviets supported us and UK stopped helping to Greece at some point. Greece was betrayed and left to fight a more populous enemy on its territory. Even today we Turks and Greeks hate each both not the ones who use both of us to balance each other. As a Turk I have no hate towards Greeks. Because I know great powers use them against us and use us against them for their own profit. I hope one day our peoples will understand that.

[@commandergeokam2868]

Finally someone saw that

[@657449]

@@commandergeokam2868 throughout time, people are used as pawns. The Christmas Truce in 1914 shocked both military commands. The soldiers in the trenches saw that their “ enemy” was just like them. They were political pawns. Religious wars are different. The participants were defined by their religious beliefs.

[@TheDims33]

The transition from empires to nation-states raised all preexisting contradictions. The historical differences are deep, going back to the 10th century, and 1071. Since 1922, the two countries have been following their own path on clear borders. Fate and the future are separated, as it was logical, everyone goes their own way

[@Pavlos_Charalambous]

It was never the goal Thy goal was to keep Ismir and the entire operation was for destroying the nationalist forces before they get to strong, of course one can argue about if that was even possible but you get the point

[@berkay6441]

Greeks lost her supporters thanks to foolish policies and massacres they've commited in anatolia

[@Picklerick20]

I just spent my vacation in Yeni-Koy which translates to New-Town, the reason why it was called “New Town” is, because the turkish resistance was mainly organized by locals of that town and they were family members andthe Greek burnt down the old town.. so proud.. Denizli, Civril, Yeni-Koy. Last but not least, yasa Mustafa Kemal pasa yasa.

[@trislassis]

There is misinformation here, Greece had direct and indirect ammunition and supply support from Britain even though Britain showed itself as neutral, downwards the war even British banks gave very convenient credits to Greece for weapons and ammunition purchases. And they told everyone that the reason for Britain starting direct sales to Greece is that the Turkish side made an offensive against the Greek side, which in fact Greece was the side trying to enforce the Turkish National Government to accept the Serve Treaty by occupying the center of the Turkish Nationalist Region towards the capital Ankara. Basically, when the Turkish Army resisted, they just made up an excuse to sell weaponry to Greece to speed up the occupation in accordance with British Prime Minister Lloyd George and Lord Curzon's political goals within the region.

[@goodyonsen77]

True that !

[@Macorian]

It should also be said, that Britain or Lloyd George certainly didn't favour an independent Armenia and Kurdistan bc of "atrocities commited". Rather, it was the old British policy to cut potentially powerful states into pieces; was also practiced by the French and continued today by the US. The real question was whether this was more useful, or a nationalist Turkey keeping Russia out.

[@johnroche7541]

Very well stated. Lloyd George even tried to get Romania involved in the conflict on the Greek side. Britain nearly came to outright war with the Turkish Nationalists as a result of the Channak Crisis in October 1922. Both Lloyd George and Churchill wanted war but the British public were horrified at the prospect of a major war in eastern Europe after sacrificing a generation in WW1. Lloyd George's government fell from power as a result of this.

[@denizbeytekin9853]

As a Turk, I loved the narration so much!!! Thank you

[@user-eh9gd9us1c]

You are one of the descendants of the Christian Janissaries

[@ancalagonvsd9552]

@@user-eh9gd9us1c Janissaries are prohibited from marrying and having children.

[@user-eh9gd9us1c]

@@ancalagonvsd9552 The Janissaries are a very strong army and their history is black because of their brutality in all the battles they fought against all peoples. Even the Turkish peoples were not spared from them.

[@ancalagonvsd9552]

@@user-eh9gd9us1c What does this have to do with this topic?

[@viriato6525]

@@ancalagonvsd9552 no, Janissaries could marry when they were over 40.

[@gelecek488]

We were not afraid, we fought! -Gokturk inscriptions

[@ergenekon9981]

Do you have a source for this?

[@ahmetkiyak7255]

@@ergenekon9981 "Niye kaçıyoruz? Çoklar diye niye korkuyoruz? Azız diye niye kendimizi hor görelim? 'Hücum edelim' dedim. Hücum ettik...Savaştık. Bizden iki ucu, yarısı kadar fazla idi. Tanrı lütfettiği için, çok diye korkmadık, savaştık. Tarduş şadına kadar kovalayıp dağıttık." Köktürk Yazıtları, Bilge Tonyukuk Yazıtı ikinci taş batı yüzü

[@cemtopbasi4161]

great attention to detail and significant effort for objectivity. THANK YOU

[@omerkaya8243]

Ne objektivi adamlar resmen Yunanlıların bakışıyla olayı anlatıyor danıştıkları 2 tarihçi bile Yunan sadece taraf tutmamaya birazcık özen göstermişler diyebilirim

[@kasadam85]

@@omerkaya8243 Onlarinda halka zulüm ettiği söylenir en azindan

[@richardthornton3775]

Fantastic narration mate, very engaging and so so interesting. An area and story I will find out a lot more about this fascinating subject👍 thank you very much🙏

[@j.a.emmanueltemplemann5627]

This video is so amazing.. thank you so so much … you know your stuff, that is for sure

[@onurdirik1604]

I am currently writng my doctorate thesis on this war. There is no solid clue that M.K. Ataturk blamed Ismet due to the failure of Kutahya-Eskisehir batte. However It was quite a nice production. I belive it will be at least that much nice to launch another one for the Grand Turkish attack in 1922, which indeed, marked a diamond value in military strategy. M.K Ataturk was an exceptioanl military genius and his commanders were very experienced soldiers... Mant many Thanks.

[@Yunus-cv4di]

Merhaba. Kütahya-Eskişehir muharebesi sonrası mecliste İsmet Paşa'yı asmak isteyen mebusların olduğu ve kendisini bu durumdan Mustafa Kemal'in kurtardığı doğru mu?

[@odydem5639]

Venizelos proposed that Kemal would get a nobel peace prize

[@AzharHussain-oe7do]

@@Yunus-cv4di I being crazy in love and respect for the turks for the last 50 years, I have read that at Kutahya - Eskisher front when it became impossible to hold the ground due to the immense pressure of the Greek forces ismat sent messages to Mustafa Kamal about the grave situation. M.Kamal himself inspected the front and agreed to Inono's proposal to pull back temporarily.

[@MrkostasPT18]

Remarkable video!! The Greeko Turkish war is an issue that means a lot to Greece and enlights quite a few historical questions about diplomacy and strategic movements in the period of war

[@brickproduction1815]

I really love both your Great war content and the Franco Prussian WAR!

[@user-dh8ng8mq6y]

Bu güzel anlatım için teşekkürler. Yeni ve farklı şeyler öğrenmek için abone oldum 💕

[@jessealexander2695]

Teşekkür ederim!

[@oldesertguy9616]

It still amazes me that warfare didn't even really slow down between the World Wars. It just shifted to the "B" team for awhile.

[@ByZHellas]

For real, civil wars, wars of independence (against Russia), and the GT war. That war* was not the war to end all wars.

[@treblinska]

nicely said put very well together thank you

[@abacaxi.maldoso]

A Greek king killed by a monke... How I have never heard such funny information!

[@binbasesatoktayyldran5236]

I would find it funny if it was set up by the Turks lmao.

[@kostasnatsios5538]

Funny for you, tragic for us

[@barsonald9539]

@@kostasnatsios5538 come on he was not even Greek

[@kostasnatsios5538]

@@barsonald9539 That doesn't change anything. Each king loved Greece and I'm pretty sure that the kings who were foreigners loved way more the country, rather than today's politicians

[@barsonald9539]

@@kostasnatsios5538 Kosta tell me something, seriously I do not understand this, if the sovereign is not the same nationality as the people what does it matter if he is Turkish or Danish / German? Why didn't the chose a Greek as the king?

[@tolrem]

So a small monkey can alter the course of history.That's Chaos Theory in action.

[@Jay-ho9io]

Monke Theory.

[@aksmex2576]

Assassin monkey I bet.

[@newreast3904]

ye! it's our greek Gavrilo Princip in a way...heh!

[@Jay-ho9io]

@@newreast3904 The monkey looked better than princip. It's an improvement.

[@petekay6509]

No,this is bullshit,the British used the Greek army,while they created Iraq,and took the petrol-BP & SHELL. But you don't read this in history books.

[@cortomaltese1203]

Some facts that the video didn't mention: -Venizelos won more votes but because of the old electoral system he lost in parliament seats -The exiled king was not popular in Greece. The referendum that brought him back was staged by the royalists and he got almost 90% of the "votes". -Gounaris government replaced most of the (battle experienced) venizelists officers with inexpierenced royalists and that caused a downfall of the soldiers morale. Ernest Hemingway who was a war correspondent for Toronto Star described them as incompetents.

[@kayacenk4164]

but they mention how greeks are barbar! normaly western media never show that!

[@ioannisathanasopoulos4895]

There was plenty barbarity to go around on both sides...

[@giocrypt5148]

You dont vote for a King

[@cortomaltese1203]

@@giocrypt5148 i was referring to referendum ballots

[@phi32p]

Venizelos knew that his going to lose, thats why he called for elections. To escape the dead end of his policy. -Actually it was the other way round. The king was very popular in greece, especially in peloponese and central greece. Venizelos on the other hand, imposed his regime with bayonets and foreign money. -the indeed battle experienced venizelist officers, were so hard line fanatics, that deserted the army and went to constantinopole to oppose the royalist regime (all this during war).

[@omerpasa3328]

Battle of Sakarya or Officer's battle if you were an officer in Turkish side your chance of dying %70-%80

[@georgios_5342]

So then it was much closer than many people today think, and it shows that both sides had to endure massive sacrifices to go on.

[@omerpasa3328]

@@georgios_5342 %80 those guys pretty well educated high class mans unfortunately... :(

[@omerpasa3328]

@ruyno w hakkatten ben o hatayı nasıl yapmışım bide ing öğretmeniyim xd. Herneyse insanlık hali :)

[@omerpasa3328]

@ruyno wtyt Türkçede 20 net yapan biri olarak , hayir

[@omerpasa3328]

@ruyno w Türkçemin kötülüğünü ifade ediyor ;)

[@AlternityGM]

Very cool series of lesser known conflicts in the early 20th century. Consider doing one on the Sino-Tibetan border war of 1917-18.

[@MA-hd4or]

great video. the only questionable claim is that Mustafa Kemal blamed Ismet Pasha for failure in Kutahya-Eskisehir. He was aware of the difficulty in defending that line and himself suggested to pull back behind Sakarya river.

[@veysel3594]

My grandfather also fought alongside Atatürk in that war, but he used to talk about the genocide committed by the Greek soldier, the defenseless child killed the old women, the Greek who committed genocide in Afyonkarahisar, Eskisehir, Izmir.

[@antonyaris3]

Turks burned smyrna Open at least one history book

[@kasadam85]

@@antonyaris3 It is written as Greek troops burned down İzmir in every source except biased Greek ones. Open at least one non-greek history book.

[@elemperadordemexico]

Long live Greece and Turkey from Mexico

[@anderstopansson]

Long live only Greece, Constantinoplis is not turkish.

[@gorkemsenol4128]

@@anderstopansson *was not

[@AegeanGreywolf]

@@anderstopansson Long live only Netherlands, New Amsterdam is not american (!)

[@AegeanGreywolf]

@@anderstopansson Be my guest in Istanbul, I will show you ''Turkish'' hospitality :) Long live both Turkey and Greece but not your kind of stupid fascists.

[@anderstopansson]

@@AegeanGreywolf High skilled on the miracle of reinterpretation, I notice...

[@hasantaskn5231]

Cersei Lannister : [pours herself wine and sits] We still outnumber them. Robert Baratheon : Which is the bigger number, five or one? Cersei Lannister : Five. Robert Baratheon : [holds up his left fingers] Five... Robert Baratheon : [clutches his right fist] ... one. One army, a real army, united behind one leader with one purpose. Our purpose died with the Mad King. [Robert pours himself wine]

[@demirhandemir1260]

The timing for the videos are always perfect.

[@ufukzengin2283]

We both (🇹🇷🇬🇷) were used by Imperialist countries and we both made bad things to each other since we met but we shouldn't keep this hate while we're close each other like that Γειά σου from Turkey 🇹🇷 to our Aegean Komsi Hellas 🇬🇷

[@DimitrisGenn]

How?

[@axistitan7727]

Yeah, who was using you in Cyprus?

[@youngerpierce]

I hate this word but this comment is cringe.

[@petekay6509]

You are right !

[@karga23]

Balkan Savaşları, 1. Dünya Savaşı, Kıbrıs... Defalarca ve canice komşusunu, arkadaşını gözünü kırpmadan katletmiş heriflere kucak açıyor hâlâ... Bu ezikliğin tedavisi yok ya... Yazık...

[@alpkaban1386]

I WAITED FOR THIS FOR TOO LONG.

[@El_Presidente_5337]

I haven't checked in in a while. This channel doesn't do so well as in the old days but the videos are still top and you can learn a lot!

[@sezer-yasar]

Kemal never blamed Ismet for anything. At least before the establishment of the republic :) He even helped him to understand what he did (saving army from destroying) was a success. They all knew about Napoleon and Kutuzov. Only Kemal remembered at the moment.:)

[@yaboiarchy9718]

the Battle of Sakarya was called "The Battle of Armageddon" by Turkish officers due to how high the casualties were.

[@nickkostakis9600]

Great video very interesting brilliant thank you

[@ybirdinc]

The Treaty of Sevres was giving large territorries to Armenia and Greece, ture but this expression is also incomplete. That treaty was also giving large territories to France and Italy in the southern parts of Anatolia and the governance of the teritory around Marmara Sea to a committee between Britain, Italy, France and Greece.

[@stopmessingwithyt]

"because it gave large territories to Armenia and Greece" More like it gave everywhere to everyone else lol.

[@petekay6509]

And also promised the Kurdish state....after 100years and still no Kurdistan.The treaty of Sevres was a big lie.

[@mutlutekin1531]

@@petekay6509 it was made to a lie by the turks

[@arsalanalonto6056]

@@mutlutekin1531 Nah the Brits promised the Kurds the Kurdistan but didn't do it after the start of Turkish war of Independence and many Kurds fought alongside with the Turks.

[@MERTYILMAZGAMES]

@@petekay6509 Even if they were given, they would be as free of the British as much as Hong Kong is from China. They already lied to Arabs in 1915 by "promising" them a free Islamic Arabic Union then saying "sike" afterwards.

[@dogusPiyadeci]

I was born in Sakarya :) also I love how you accurately pronounce city names in accent :D

[@danboland3775]

Jesse has really grown into his role as host of the channel. He's became less of an attempt to copy Indie and taken on more of his own style- and it's working!

[@abwillhoite]

I guess I’d have to go back to watch earlier videos but I never really got the impression he was copying Indy at all. I’ll totally agree that he’s really taken to being host.

[@657449]

@@abwillhoite Jessie and the other hosts are dead serious. Indie is slightly comical.

[@goodyonsen77]

In reality, when you have the higher hand in army size, logistics, weapons, intelligence, and have the support and lobby of the superpowers like UK, France and the US (yes, US too because American warships dispatched to Black Sea as part of the Black Sea fleet like USS Sands, USS McFarland and USS Sturtevant bombed Trabzon and Samsun in 1920 where Ataturk first began gathering resistance forces mainly), it's general expectation that no “monkey bite” could ever have any bit of an effect to turn any tables in the field. Especially when you consider Greek soldiers apparently having bought BS like Ankara being behind every hill, it shouldn’t be so hard to conceal any bad communication between the HQ and the home (Athens) to keep the moralle high. So, I think we should get our facts straight on that matter. Turkish strategic mind “without an excuse” defeated and managed to kick out a much stronger invading force. That’s what history tells us.

[@forthrightgambitia1032]

A lot of the loose ends of WW1 get tied up in the 1919-23 period - Greco-Turkish war, Russian civil war and the Irish war and later civil war. It's a period of history that is sadly little known. If there was a natural end date for this channel it would be July 1923 with the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne, with the end of the Irish civil war and Russian civil war in the same year.

[@johnroche7541]

A lot of major and minor wars broke out after WW1 and some colonial conflicts.during the 1919-1923 period. Turkish-Greco War, Irish War of Independence, Irish Civil War,Hungarian-Romanian War,Polish-Russian War,Russian Civil War, Baltic Wars of Independence, Finnish Civil War,Third Anglo-Afghan War and campaign in Warziristan, Revolt in Mesopotamia(modern day Iraq),Revolt in Syria,Rebellion in Somalia,Riff Wars in North Africa,Domestic German conflicts and Silesian conflicts with Poland to name a few.

[@jliller]

You forgot to mention Cyprus. No, it has nothing to do with this episode, but it would ensure a flood of Greeks and Turks invading the comment section to argue, thereby boosting the algorithm.

[@bora1712]

Your Turkish pronunciation is great also I very like the video congratulations

[@Arphenonn]

14:24 Kemal never blamed Ismet Pasha for the disaster. And the Council gaved Başkumandan title to Ataturk.

[@mattgraham9515]

Such a great video. I think you did a great job of bringing out the complexity of the Greco Turkish War. Was it really just a doomed fantasy by the Greeks?

[@ByZHellas]

Only thanks to the elections.

[@Pavlos_Charalambous]

It's complicated, in sort when the Greek state was established, it's constant goal was to unite all Greeks under a single state, that lead to a series of wars and eventually the Greek army into anatolia. Now depending to who you are speaking with there are two " what if's" scenarios One Greece is sticking to Smyrna mandate in hopes that eventually the International community would had accepted the de facto annexation Or two Continue advancing to Ankara to force the Turkish nationalist to a compromise If you want my personal estimates both had little chance of success mainly because Greece was running out of resources needed to keep fighting

[@mrhaci7747]

Invading Ankara was a dream. Annexing Izmir was possible if the Greek Army wasnt hungry for more

[@ByZHellas]

@@mrhaci7747 And if Greece didn’t lose foreign support by calling an election and having the pro-German monarchy winning the elections

[@Pavlos_Charalambous]

@@mrhaci7747 their strategic position was such that they either had to dig in around Smyrna Turning it into a sort of fortified city or try to meet the Turkish nationalist into a decisive battle before getting to strong Coming from the meat grinder of ww1 trench warfare they decided the later But that battle wasn't coming making them pushing eastwards eventually almost reaching Ankara , over stretching their supply lines , the front ect And the rest is history

[@berkin3086]

Excellent job. Congratulations to you and Dear Konstantinos Travlos(one of my favorite historians).

[@desert_jin6281]

I just want to watch these for the pun at the end and always end up learning something and getting a hilarious pun 😁

[@DimitrisGenn]

06:30 Nicaea doesn't have an Archbishop. I think you/they meant the Metropolitan bishop.

[@boln-bolk3845]

Where is Nicaea? I couldn't figure out, the name meant nothing to me? Is it a city in Greece?

[@marekcik8156]

@@boln-bolk3845 a district of Bursa

[@boln-bolk3845]

@@marekcik8156 Thank you.

[@ykdm-by4cm]

@@boln-bolk3845 iznik

[@theycallmehope7707]

Korkmadık, savaştık. :)

[@testnameplsignore6916]

26 ağustos geldik, 26 ağustos gitmiyoruz.

[@timucindemir4557]

We got Atatürk, they dont.

[@BringBacktheGreeks]

I am well aware of the cult the turkish state has created for atatruk, and prohibits you from learning anything negative about that "colorful" character with taste for boys and lots of raki, but I am quite happy that the Greeks had Venizelos, and managed to more than double their territoties. Truth be told, Greece is having more as its national territory than it ever had as a Greek State, and I am happy that from ALL the nations that comprised the dead and buried ottoman empire, the Greeks have the best Standard of Living than any other nation, including turkey. Cheers !

[@user-zp9nf5qo8j]

@@BringBacktheGreeks Also Don't forget to thank the Ottomans for not ending your race in their 500 years of rule over you

[@BringBacktheGreeks]

@@user-zp9nf5qo8j We have been "thanking" properly the turks since 1821. Hey, check your DNA , most probably, you are not even turk.

[@gizsdairy8402]

@@BringBacktheGreeks You should thank to Ottomans . They gave you religion and culture freedom. If you have lived under another country rule. You will be the catholic greeks now. And when power is on your side. Greeks tried to remove our race in here. This is our difference

[@venvapingcatcult7052]

This comment section gives me an aneurysm

[@sadullahcetinlaya5617]

Thank you for your perfect explanation❤🇹🇷✌️

[@sirdarklust]

Now I want to watch You Can't Win 'Em All, which is how I was introduced to this war as a kid.

[@johnroche7541]

Charles Bronson with a Thompson machine gun absolutely fantastic.Check out the fabulous Turkish TV series "Kurtulus" from the mid 1990's. It depicts the Greco-Tirkish War with great battle scenes such as the Battle of Sarkaya. It is on You Tube but unfortunately it has no English subtitles. However still worth watching due to the scale. The Turkish army was used for the hundreds of extras.

[@tbwpiper189]

Jesse, you and the Great War team do a magnificent job. Thanks for your hard work.

[@lillil4894]

Just a quick note, Greco-Turkish War is considered as a part of the Turkish Independence War. There were Eastern and Western Fronts and the South Revolts. Consider it like 100 Years War. There are many wars going on at the same time/after another and they are considered as one war because the goal of every war was the same. Liberation of Anatolia.

[@hakanyildiz8888]

Can't wait to see the final battle!

[@MultiTragos]

Clean your bat is coming

[@oliversherman2414]

I love your channel

[@haroldrhode3964]

I got a subscription to curiously stream but could not find your marvelous videos on the Great War. Am I doing something wrong. Thanks.

[@jessealexander2695]

If you used our link you get two subscriptions: one for Curiosity Stream and on for Nebula. Our stuff is on Nebula. The invitation for Nebula should have come in another email.

[@alvarohernani6645]

I'm looking for an old video of the channel. The one with the meme that goes something like this : Because a serbian killed an Austrian, you a camadian are sailing from India to turkey in a British ship with flag of Greece.

[@danger_design]

21:02 Why does the one general in the background look like he's seen ringu?

[@yaprakcetin5558]

I am in complete disbelief! This is the first time I ever watched a KZbin video that mentioned Greek barbarity against Turks! Hats off to you sir.

[@odydem5639]

I still haven't seen a video mentioning the Turkish barbarity to greeks

[@ykero991]

@@odydem5639 how!? I haven’t seen one that hasn’t

[@hellooworld9298]

There is a difference between the Greco-Turkish war and the Turkish War of Independence. The former is part, as the "Western front" of the latter.

[@osayiner]

The Sakarya War is a design of great tactics of Turkish Marshall Mustafa Kemal. It is known to be on curriculum of many army academias. One of my ancestors fell there defending the Country. rest in peace all heroes who fought for the Country and independence.

[@mustafakemalpasha983]

Well said 🇹🇷

[@user-dz4pb2ll3k]

what independence? your land is in Mongolia! Anatolia has always been the Greek and Christian land and civilization.

[@nikolasloubas]

This war was a disaster of tremendous proportions whose echos are haunting today's generations

[@byzantinetales]

Michael Lewellyn Smith's book is an eye-opener for that period of time!

[@tezcanuyank3446]

Fun Fact: Battle of Sakarya known for longests field battle in the world military history today it take 3 days to end

[@panzerjagear]

I liked this video more on Nebula. Can’t put my finger on why, but it’s just better over there

[@beyzamemis4319]

Thank you for your impressive work, generally, whenever I want to learn the foreigner's ideas about this war they always talk about the genocide without being honest

[@MM22966]

"...steering well clear of Barbary Macaques..." I died. :)

[@tolgakobas5064]

I wasn't expecting the last bit on barbary macaques :) i laughed so hard

[@Aestholus]

How did the greek government even imagine holding parts of Anatolia in the long term? I could understand holding east thrakia and perhaps Istanbul/Constantinople. But with such a disparity in terms of population it feels like insanity.

[@YiannissB.]

They didn’t. That’s just hinder sight. Who would have guessed that a population difference of 1:2 in 1920 would be 1:8 today.

[@Pavlos_Charalambous]

They wanted mostly to hold on to Smyrna ( nowadays Ismir) province were most of the local Greek and Christian in general population was located and by 1921 most of the Christian refugees from other areas, the drive to East was mostly a gamble to force the Turkish nationalist to negotiations and spoiler alert It didn't worked It didn't worked at all I mean even the super nationalist general Metaxas( the latter Ochi guy) was against it and that speaks volumes

[@ilkerkaynakdemir6753]

Actually Greece was able to have more troops in the field. Thanks to the huge war casualties of Turkish army during the world war 1. But anyway my opinion their main mistake was believing the European (mostly British ) support when they were planning the whole campaign. Same mistake i believe some Greece politicals still do today.

[@theodorossarafis7370]

Venizelos wanted smirni and aivali including eastern thrace. Gounaris wanted to overshadow venizelos and go all the way to syria despite that the army was against it. So it was a very stupid decision.

[@theodorossarafis7370]

@@ilkerkaynakdemir6753 it wasnt the british. It was the stupidity of gounaris and constantine. They wanted a new byzantine empire.

[@atheistturk2509]

Will you make a video about the Turkish offensive?

[@ramsay9788]

Bu yıl yapar

[@UVtec]

That monkey bite death reminded me of that guy that (supposedly) died from infection in the leg caused by severed head's tooth that was mounted on the guy's horse.

[@6936665]

Beautiful pronunciations of local names 👏🏻👏🏻

[@Arphenonn]

17:31 I would like to write in Turkish. "Hattı müdafaa yoktur, sathı müdafaa vardır." which means "There was no line of defence but an area to defence.". And he continues "Vatanın her toprağı Vatandaş'ın kanıyla ıslanmadıkça terk olunamaz." which means Not an inch of the country should be abandoned until it was drenched with the blood of the citizens.".

[@Jamokai]

What an amazing and charismatic man Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was. 1 in a billion.

[@MinecraftGamerYOLO]

Actually, Paul was a brother of Alexander I and not his son (Both of them were sons of Constantine I)

[@sakinou851]

Great work. But, is possible for french translation, please ? tks

[@mono4on]

I cant help but feel like this is the story from the point of view of the greeks and not a unbias historical account of events. It doesn't even finish the conflict which was a resounding, crushing Turkish victory both militarily and politically.

[@sapphyrus]

It fails the address the physical shortcomings on the Turkish side (disbanded army, massive desertions, fighting on several fronts in a row after already losing hardware & manpower, non-existing industry, rebellions, hostile royalists) while amplifying psychological concerns (superpower aren't backing us enough, we're doomed) of the Greek side but eh, I'll still take it.

[@j.raskou4928]

❗❗❗ 2:43, Paul was the brother of Alexander not his son!

[@commandergeokam2868]

True

[@okhanyavuz8081]

Yunanlar grekler yıllarca Türkiyenin hegomanyasında yaşamış Osmanlının zayıflamasından dolayı avrupayı arkasına alarak ihanet etmiştir ve Afyonda sakaryada İzmirde Türkün tokadını yemiştir bir daha hata yaparlarsa dünyada yunanisten diye bir şehir olmayacaktır

[@cagatayozdemir6844]

@@okhanyavuz8081 Yunanistan Ülke lan. Temsil yeteneğin yoksa temsil etme.

[@okhanyavuz8081]

@@cagatayozdemir6844 nediyon oğlum sen kimin tarafındasın yunanınmı Türkün mü bilelim

[@cagatayozdemir6844]

@@okhanyavuz8081 Yunanistan diye bir şehir yazmışsın. Bütün dünya ağzını bırakacak başka yeriyle gülecek. Kendi ülkeni temsil edemiyorsun. Onu diyorum. Kimin tarafındayım anladın mı?

[@MikePproductions]

Where's the next episode of this?

[@axelfoleyt]

How is this the first time I am hearing about this amazing story?

[@boln-bolk3845]

There is a Turkish series about it titled "Kurtuluş". Mini series of 6 episodes taken in early 1990s.

[@okan.s]

4:48 Wrong timeline... After Battle of Sakarya French and Turkish made an agreement.

[@dolarespinkyswear5691]

1921 Ankara Agreement - French retreated from the South. - Hatay is left for Syria but Turks took it back at 1938. - Caber Tower in Syria is a Turkish soil. (still is)

[@okan.s]

@@dolarespinkyswear5691 Yeah, the agreement was signed on October 20, 1921.

[@shawngilliland243]

Wow, talk about a big ripple effect from a monkey bite! I wonder why there was a monkey going about loose there in the yard/garden.

[@ioannisathanasopoulos4895]

Actually there were two monkeys, a male and a female which were pets of the King's winemaker that lived in his estate in Tatoi. The female monkey was tied on a post with a long chain/line in order to be able to move somewhat, as the King was passing along his winemaker house, his pet German shepherd attacked the female monkey, and as the King was trying to separate the animals,the male came out of nowhere to save it's mate bitting the King in the process. The King died from septicaemia a few days later , as penicillin was yet to be discovered...

[@shawngilliland243]

@@ioannisathanasopoulos4895 Thank you for that much more complete history of the monkey bite incident!

[@ggoddkkiller1342]

Greek army was going to be defeated no matter if entente powers were still supporting them or the king wasn't killed a monkey unless entente powers sent hundreds of thousands reinforcements which wasn't going to happen. So the incident only made their defeat faster...

[@ioannisathanasopoulos4895]

@@ggoddkkiller1342 With the help of entente, Greek army could have keep under control the area around Smyrna/Izmir and Eastern Thrace . You have to bear in mind that Turkey's population was not as big as it is today...

[@curtiswaters7415]

I can't wait for 2114 when this channel gets to 2014 when I started watching and they go over their first video.

[@Yunus-cv4di]

Thanks for the video. Waiting for Great Turkish Offensive and end of the Turkish War of Independence, see you in August 2022 :)

[@symmoritis]

Kudos, great pronunciation of greek names for a non native speaker

[@desselerant1806]

same for Turkish ones. Someone's did their research!

[@cagatayozdemir6844]

If you spent a small part of the energy you spend on humiliating the Turks on your state, maybe we would see a more successful Greece today. I wonder. You have lived 350 years under the rule of a society that you have humiliated so much. How do you explain the reasons? A) Are you lazy? B) Are you a coward? C) Are you stupid? D) all

[@baglama00]

@@cagatayozdemir6844 bence D şıkkı katılıyorum sana daha güçlü olurlardı bizle uğraşmasalar..

[@ger13nunyah56]

Interesting 🧐🤘

[@cardinbrooks7256]

Yes