Understanding Concepts, Constructs and Variables in Research & Statistics

Concepts, constructs, and variables are very important aspects of research and standards. A good understanding of concepts, constructs, and variables helps researchers in designing conceptual framework, demonstrating structural models, applying appropriate statistics and drawing inferences about the phenomenon investigated. While concepts are generalizable and lower order abstraction abstraction, constructs are not generalizable and are higher order abstraction. there are tangible and intangible concepts; while there are constitutive and operational constructs. Constructs are intangible concepts that a researcher consciously or deliberately adopts, adapts or invents in a research to explain a phenomenon contextually. Variable are, therefore, concepts and constructs that values can be assigned to them. For instance, chair, sex, intelligence, academic achievement, e.t.c. However, there are latent variables and observed variables; which are important concepts in explaining path analysis and structural equation modelling. there are different types of variable - dependent variable, independent variable, active variable, attribute variable, moderator variable, intervening or mediator variable, extraneous variable, confounding variable, control variable, qualitative variables which include nominal and ordinal variables; and quantitative variables which include discrete and continuous variable.
This tutorial applies to journal article publications, projects, theses, dissertations, and grants. This is also applied to research, statistics, research topic, research title, research problem, problem statement, statement of the problem, research question, research hypothesis, conceptual framework, structure model, literature review, research methods, questionnaire, scale, data, data collection, data analysis, structural equation modeling, path analysis, data interpretation, inferences, and discussion of results or findings.

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[@chiomanwaneri8143]

Helpful

[@research-statisticsmindwit2191]

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[@research-statisticsmindwit2191]

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[@emmanuelnkemakolamokwuduba5483]

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[@research-statisticsmindwit2191]

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[@research-statisticsmindwit2191]

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