LESSON 4 - TYPES OF VARIABLES: INDEPENDENT, DEPENDENT, CONFOUNDING & MODERATING VARIABLES

When constructs are defined in measurable terms, they are called variables. Variables are measurable characteristic that assumes different values within a class of objects or events. Variables must vary. A construct that does not vary within a class of objects or events is called a constant. This lesson introduces you to the various types of variables in social science research. There are three main types of variables: Independent (IV) and dependent variables (DV) where the independent influences the dependent variable; we have confounding variables that confuses the primary relationship between IV and DV and moderating variables that mediates the relationship between IV and DV. Confounding variables are of two types: Intervening and Extraneous variables. This lesson will take you through these variables giving examples and revision questions to ease our understanding.
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[@onesphorengabo5674]

A very important and well explained topic. Thank you Dr

[@adanmohamedhassan5088]

Thank you Dr. Lydiah very informative

[@evansawene458]

Thanks for the class on Types of Variables Dr. Lydiah

[@edwardtumwesige1983]

Thank you so much, Dr for clearly explaining the variables for me and others. Looking forward to more of your classes.

[@research-methods-class]

Most welcome. Access all lessons on www.researchmethodsclass.com/research-methods-course/. Do not forget to subscribe and recommend the channel to your friends

[@njerimuranja2622]

Thank you Doc

[@opolotpius1341]

It was wow❤

[@research-methods-class]

Thank you. Access all the lessons on www.researchmethodsclass.com/research-mwthods-course/

[@edwinarwa4373]

Very elaborate

[@williamkivuyo5921]

You are a great teacher. Dr The lesson came out so clearly.

[@research-methods-class]

Thank you for your kind words. Access all the lessons on www.researchmethodsclass.com/research-methods-course/

[@hubaaltraining]

Very helpful lesson. Thank You Daktari.

[@research-methods-class]

Glad it was helpful!

[@richardessuman5318]

Dr. Thank you very much, I hope one day I become like you.

[@research-methods-class]

Thank you. Access all the lessons on www.researchmethodsclass.com/research-methods/course/

[@georgekimani1245]

Dr Lydia this is very informative and more importantly break it down in simplicity

[@tasneemali4970]

A very intelligent, intellectual lady.

[@tasneemali4970]

Thank you

[@nyakatoflavia2883]

Great

[@research-methods-class]

Thank you Flavia. Access all lesson on www.researchmethodsclass.com/research-methods-course/

[@mylittleminieverythings8441]

These classes are amazing..i am a nursing student, they are helping me alot when studying

[@research-methods-class]

Most welcome. Access all the lessons on www.researchmethodsclass.com/research-methods-course/

[@tasneemali4970]

Thank you for sharing this information madam.

[@research-methods-class]

Thank you for your kind comments. Access all the lessons on www.researchmethodsclass.com/research-methods-course/

[@leonmoodley1]

Thank you so much 🙏

[@research-methods-class]

Thank you Leon. I have uploaded 79 lessons which im sure you will find helpful. Access all of them by clicking www.researchmethodsclass.com/research-methods-course/. Do not forget to subscribe and recommend the channel to your classmates.

[@leonmoodley1]

Thank you so much, I have subscribed. The examples after each definition helps me so much. 🙏🙏🙏🙏

[@hassanabdinurmohamed8109]

Thanks Dr Lydiah. The lesson is really very helpful

[@research-methods-class]

Glad it was helpful!

[@cathyhams]

how can we use a mixed method to identify variables in a study in order to come up with a conceptual framework

[@research-methods-class]

The approach to research does not identify variables, its the problem that determines the approach. As you conduct literature to firm up the problem, you identify the variables. Access all my lessons on www.researchmethodsclass.com/research-methods-course/

[@hedwigwirsiym.3790]

A question about neutralizing variables Doc . In the case of the example you gave that of selecting students from a particular socioeconomic status, which means convenient sampling will be done...my question now is isn't this bias and discrimination against the other students who will not participate in the studies and who would have loved to? Or even vise versa?

[@research-methods-class]

Your question is not clear. Secondly remember research design, sampling, instruments etc are determined by the research approach, whether Quan or Qual. None of this is perfect, bother have their strengths and limitations

[@submit254]

Hello Dr. I'm following up on the lectures slowly and I'm wondering, can I apply the knowledge I'm gaining here on Health sciences or is it specifically for Social sciences?

[@research-methods-class]

Hello Sparta. The information is very much applicable in Health Sciences. The only difference between natural science research and social science research is that natural science is more inclined to true experimental design while social sciences uses more of survey. Another difference is that while social sciences uses positivism, natural sciences uses constructivism. Otherwise, all the aspects are similar.

[@submit254]

Thanks for the clarification Dr.

[@stephentialal5532]

Dr. Wambugu, does it add value to identify all the variables on a conceptual framework, ie The IV, confounding, moderating and DV or is it sufficient to have IV and DV only in a research project?

[@research-methods-class]

Hello Stephen. Thank you for your question. Normally, you do not have to identify all the variables in your study. However, a problem may dictate that you need to state the intervening and extraneous variables. Remember a moderating a second IV, so you may want to integrate it with the main IV of the study

[@stephentialal5532]

@@research-methods-class Thank you

[@user-zs7rk7hq6u]

Thank you so much Dr. can you please break the 3 elements in a lay mans language.

[@research-methods-class]

Which elements?

[@aliyuhannatuundah8651]

Concepts Constructs Variables- dependent and independent

[@fabihaashar]

You didn't mentioned directional and non directionsl variables.

[@research-methods-class]

I'm not sure I know about those types of variables

[@fabihaashar]

Ohh sorry i mixed it with directional and non directional hypothesis.We have quiz next week .your videos are really helpful..i am so impressed .

[@research-methods-class]

@@fabihaashar Its alright. I hope you got the notes on the types of hypotheses

[@hellenombonya9427]

I would like to buy your book. Kindly share the cost.

[@research-methods-class]

Hello Hellen. The book goes for USD 200 (24,430). You buy through the website but for now it is under maintenance. You can mpesa on my mpesa number (0722 777543). Once you pay, my sales person will call you and agree on where you can collect the book