Understanding White Rabbit

The Psychedelia movement of the late '60s was one of the most exciting, innovative periods in rock history, and while lots of great songs came out of it, few capture its spirit better than White Rabbit, Jefferson Airplane's tribute to Alice In Wonderland. It's dark, mysterious, and driving, creating a profound, powerful effect on its listeners that seems to stretch way beyond its 2 and a half minute run time. It's one of the crown jewels of one of rock's most important eras, but how does it actually work?
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Also, thanks to Jareth Arnold for proofreading the script to make sure this all makes sense hopefully!

[@corwin32]

🎼 One pill puts you in F#, one pill puts you in A 🎶🎵

[@hifijohn]

And the one that mother gives you keeps you in c major.

[@masonladouceur1453]

Go ask Alice, she wrote the song

[@friedcash9815]

bravo!

[@samyjoseph4798]

@@masonladouceur1453 Alice is an atonal goddess

[@JasonCunliffe]

really really funny thank you

[@KleversonRoyther]

I wish more YT channels would give such attention to psychedelic rock! There's a lot of unusual and confusing concepts that'd make for really insightful content

[@danajthaha6170]

Gotta look deeper for its freaky real ...

[@jfredett]

PDE for fluid flow when describing the nature of psychedelic rock to be fluid. I see you.

[@rupen42]

This song has been puzzling me for years. I clicked this video so fast. Turns out it's basically "it's confusing," which I suppose is appropriate given the subject.

[@lostinthemasses]

Please do one of these on Paranoid Android, there's so much going on in that song.

[@internetuser8922]

I'd totally watch a 45 minute 12-tone video one that song.

[@GlaceonStudios]

Another multi-part song like Happiness is a Warm Gun would also work.

[@lostinthemasses]

@@GlaceonStudios Half of Rush's discography, lol

[@Skip6235]

The constant rising dynamics is another allusion to Ravel's Bolero, as well. There is a constant crescendo and adding of instruments through the entire piece and it never has a (written) decrescendo

[@christianhales4676]

Skip6235 *diminuendo 👍🏼

[@Skip6235]

@@christianhales4676 Thanks for "well actuallying" me, but there is no functional difference between those two terms. There is some debate among music historians about if diminuendo used to mean get softer and slower (which means that Bolero would be a decrescendo, not diminuendo), but in contemporary music convention they are the same thing.

[@christianhales4676]

Fair comment. I only ever remember seeing (dim) diminuendo written. Also I was taught it was only applicable to volume. I thought rallentando indicated a slowing of the music? That’s my experience, not saying you’re wrong. 👍🏼

[@Skip6235]

@@christianhales4676 Sorry, I was kind of a dick in my response. I'm a bit tense right now. Generally rallentando or ritardando means to slow the tempo, but some historians think diminuendo meant both. Usually you see decrescendo abbreviated as desc. . . (similar to seeing dim. . .)

[@christianhales4676]

Skip6235 no worries mate 👍🏼. I guarantee you’re more up to date than me. Good knowledge mate. 👍🏼

[@shadowhenge7118]

"It's not trying to lead you anywhere, It's just trying to get you lost..." Welcome to psychedelia, man.

[@FractalRaver]

that’s def not true for most people. Quite the opposite. Unless you’re tripping every week. Or using high doses

[@Mule4ever123]

@@FractalRaver uh psychedelia is the culture surrounding psychedelics not the act of taking the drugs themselves lol. But you do have a point. Just not the right audience lol

[@eternalsoul220]

we are always leading somewhere lost is just another way

[@richardmetzler7909]

I hadn't known how deep that song is. And I hadn't expected to see the Navier-Stokes equations in a video on music theory.

[@martinpaddle]

brilliant

[@DietonightLiveforevr]

Pretty sure thry were stoned when making the song.

[@Abhorrition]

"or so I've been told" Sure, bud

[@RyTheUnDefined]

LMAO the SECOND I heard him say that I checked to make sure I wasn't the only one who lmao'd at this

[@EmperorsChildren]

Laughed so hard

[@BEERFEST07]

Time stamp?

[@mesientogut6701]

well his description matches someone who might not know. The interest curve is good analogy. The building profound moments come in waves. Or so I've been told.

[@petemagnuson7357]

@@BEERFEST07 roughly 9:00 through 9:14

[@AndromedaCripps]

I was lucky enough to see Jefferson Starship in concert a couple years ago (for 10 bucks!) and although they are only partially original members from their Airplane days, they still played their famous White Rabbit to great effect! My mom loves this song!

[@nihilgeist666]

FEED YOUR HEAD!

[@BenWillyums]

That explains it as well as anything else.

[@LordOfNihil]

@@jebfallen step 1 insert magic mushrooms into face. step 2, repeat step one until you lose your grip on reality.

[@PETERGIMLE]

Christopher Strasser I just fed my head. Couldn't digest.

[@albertparish1729]

my first psychedelic trip a couple months ago revealed more than i could possibly imagined previously. indeed, feed your head guys!

[@stevengexx5997]

STARVE YOUR EGO!

[@HerculeYakko]

It's the end of another 12tone video. Time to listen to the original recording to see if I can hear any of this.

[@CMVMic]

I think this is one of those songs where you don't know the masterpiece you've created until its takes on its own life in others..

[@freesk8]

I love the fluid mechanics differential equation you threw in for "fluid!" :)

[@noviatoria2436]

"or so I've been told"

[@doggy7210]

Yeah 'I've been told the same thing.

[@Audio-apps]

Say no more!

[@wildwoodandonyx]

A teacher in high school educated some of us stoners in detention (1982) about the meaning of this great song. I have worshipped Grace Slick ever since..

[@andysmith5806]

When it comes to psycidelic rock I have one rule. It needs to be enjoyable without narcotics and I thing White Rabbit is an example of that. I can enjoy it while completely sober.

[@cgirl111]

Grace turned 80 last October - let that sink in a bit. Here is her isolated vocal track for White Rabbit. kzbin.info/www/bejne/mqqwpXytpMekmKs

[@panfriedegg5048]

The peaks and valleys expected in media, the tension or escalation in an interest curve, is very fun to play with. In some cases, yes, a constant build can become monotonous. But. When done well, or made for the right audience, it can be one of the most exhilatating experiences. White Rabbit being a chief example, another being Uncut Gems. My god that movie is insane. It is all tension. Like... a roller coaster. Most will be up, and down, and slow and fast and have a big finish. And then some will bring you up, and up, and up, and up, until you plummet. Very different and equally amazing experiences.

[@alexhypnosis]

I may have laughed more than I could when he said it was fluid and wrote an equation used in fluid dynamics down

[@alanbarnett718]

Navier-Stokes, old bean! He has a remarkably well-stocked mind!

[@alexhypnosis]

@@alanbarnett718 thanks, it's been about 5 years since I looked at fluid dynamics, thanks for reminding me.

[@Ambarian]

I doubt when Grace was writing this she had delved this deep into it, but it’s cool to see such a thorough analysis! For me it has two tonal centers: one in F# Phrygian/F# Phrygian Dominant (for the major third), and one in A with some stereotypical rock modal interchange to the bIII (C) and IV (D). (Magical Mystery Tour, I Can See For Miles, etc) It feels less confusing to me to think of it this way! I feel resolved at the end with the V I cadence, goosebumps every time. What a vocal performance!

[@thomwescott5760]

Great analysis of the studio version, and I'm truly grateful for whatever my non-music-theory brain could get from it, but I have to say my favorite version is the later live one with Craig Chaquito's amazing rambling overture.

[@garryiglesias4074]

Miles Davis - "Sketches of Spain"... This is the album which Grace was listening in loop which led her to write this song... "Solea"....

[@IgotaHughJass]

>marching snares being one of your favourite sounds SAME omg just like you said, any song with a snare like that just gets me so PUMPED

[@w1av]

I thought the intro to White Rabbit, the guitar part played by Jorma was Phrygian Dominant. I played along with the recording and Phrygian Dominant fit perfectly....the same notes in that scale. This is an EXCELLENT discussion of this tune. I like how you break it down and really dig out all this information that most people never consider. Musically anyway. I would like to see what you can dissect out of one of my tunes!!!

[@pierrecarles2390]

As a side-note, the constant, linear progression of the song, associated with the almost hypnotic colour of the music, is also one key characteristic of Ravel's Bolero. This suggests that its inspirational drive went beyond the mere bass line.

[@p.g.v.3765]

this might be my favorite song analysis video, simply because he's just as lost as i am

[@jefferyb9162]

This is the guy who fascinates you at a party by explaining why you like something.

[@Kylora2112]

In this video: "Music theorist tries to analyze song written without any regard to music theory."

[@JasperJanssen]

A theory that can only analyze things that are built t9 that specific theory isn’t much use.

[@ccshredder9506]

Same with scientists trying to explain nature. It can still be described, but our opinions on it do not matter. Weird, eh?

[@novanights2chevy597]

Well, here's a little more theory kzbin.info/www/bejne/o6nTaIpsfZKCn8k

[@bassman9261995]

9:12 "or so I've been told" suuuuuure

[@gabrieldiemer9911]

white rabbit is one of the best songs of the 60's

[@AlRoderick]

I will always go back to my college years when I hear this song. No, I didn't go in the 70's, but when I was in college Battlefield Vietnam - that really bad idea for a fun shooter game - was current and the main titles has a sort of DJ mashup based on White Rabbit under north Vietnamese propaganda broadcasts.

[@BradyPostma]

Yeah, that was a terrible idea for a game.

"dead, head and said instead" ❤️

[@NealMiskinMusic]

Fun fact: Head dead head Jerry Garcia played on the album Surrealistic Pillow that White Rabbit is from, but was only credited in the liner notes as "musical and spiritual advisor" because he was signed to a different label and therefore couldn't "officially" perform on the record.

[@cameronjadewallace]

this is one of the more beautiful songs I've ever heard, hauntingly beautiful, and while this explanation is... something, the most I took away from it was the happy sounding lyrics with the dour background music.... and that was everything I needed to understand why I connect to it

[@aligmal5031]

i recommend space song by beach house

[@drkjk]

What's the greater achievement, Grace Slick writing a song about an acid trip while coming down from an acid trip, or Lewis Carroll writing a story about an acid trip 100 years before LSD was created?

[@Foxglove963]

drkjk. Thing is, good old Lewis Carroll was not into dope. So uh, are you experienced...

[@SlashCrash_Studios]

@@Foxglove963 that's a good album

[@Foxglove963]

@@SlashCrash_Studios. Sure, but the claim it's psychedelic is not warranted.

[@SlashCrash_Studios]

@@Foxglove963 I was referencing the album name "Are You Experienced"

[@paulross225]

At about the time of William the Conqueror, it was reported that the peasants were eating mouldy bread to get off their faces, due to the mould, as every schoolboy knows if they were paying attention, is the main derivative of LSD.

[@mynameisrosiex4555]

Im so happy you chose this song to analyze

[@brucebenderman7577]

I usually shut these analyses off before I get to the end because they are so boring. You made it interesting, thanks

[@ChrisComstock612]

wonderful! beautiful! spot on! a song I most enjoy playing! I named my white rabbit Grace after you know who ;) please do more acid rock songs! I recommend indaga da vida

[@teemusid]

My white rabbit already had the name Harvey. This girl was already named Lucy.

[@stevebengel1346]

In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida

[@seizethedayandlive]

Holy crap. You just blew my mind. Excellent!

[@eladhen2]

The Major phrygian I is also common in flamenco.

[@BPLarvor1]

Yes… it’s por tarantas

[@TLGProduktions]

The first band I think of with this kind of snare on the beat is MAGMA! Can't believe how few have heard of their cosmic jazz/opera/gospel/military rock from the early 70s and onward. The drummer used 2/4 drum patterns over various polymeters with the other instrumentalists to create a really otherworldly should. Check out Magma - MDK in it's entirety, or just the title track of you don't want to spend 40 minutes.

[@lucasvivante8988]

Oh wow they have been rehearsing for a week few days ago where i work. The drum is kind of not a rythm instrument in the band, the bass and piano are the one keeping everything together. The drum is free flying or on a steddy binary rythm over odd time signature song. There is also a lot of polyphonic stuff bitween the instruments and the vocals it's insane to analyse

[@TLGProduktions]

@@lucasvivante8988 Awesome! I'm excited about their new lineup (that you've been hearing). I attended the second to last show that the previous lineup played back in November. Do you like them?

[@lucasvivante8988]

@@TLGProduktions i think it's an awesome band. The new line up is realy different from the previous ones, it's more voice focused and it's an interesting change. The instrumentists are also way softer. It's less metal, less "go gor the war" sounding. But when the voices take over in crescendo it's absolutly stunning.

[@TLGProduktions]

@@lucasvivante8988 I can't wait to see this lineup! And hopefully get a 12tone video on the band too! :D

[@BramSenders]

Thank you for the recommendation! Listening to it right now :)

[@iamjimgroth]

This is the most interesting analysis video so far!

[@ConfusedNyan]

I love how "instead" fit into that.

[@GlaceonStudios]

I'd say you should analyze a Television song, like "Marquee Moon".

[@thedogskneecaps3292]

I had to do a presentation on this song for my degree lol

[@KleversonRoyther]

Mind sharing it?

[@aleksanderz3741]

Great video! I think one on golden brown could also be interesting!

[@tsopmocful1958]

That 'throbbing' military marching beat at pretty much the same tempo is important to hear in psychedelic music, even if it isn't obvious, because that same pulsing rhythym is what you 'hear/feel' during the experience. Examples beyond this song can be heard in Strawberry Fields (The Beatles), Timothy Leary's Dead (The Moody Blues), Are You Experienced (Jimi Hendrix) and Electric Ladyland (Hendrix again) where you can explicitly hear it by itself (thump thump thump) right at the beginning just before the first voice and first guitar enter at the same time. It's in lots of other stuff of the time and is good to listen out for to not only recognise them trying to replicate the experience, but also because it does make the music 'better' to listen to when having the experience.

[@Headwyres]

What a coincidence. These two or three days I've just hearing this song continously and this explaination somehow perfectly fits in my day...

[@pinchecookie]

"... or so I've been told"

[@TheBigdutchster]

After listening to this song hundreds of times, two things, I am still struck every listening on what a minor masterpiece it is, standing alone from their other works, and I can't imagine what it would be like now to hear it for the first time.

[@LordOfNihil]

if you listen to the lyrics, you can tell the song acknowledges the reason alice in wonderland was ever created. shot version is lewis carroll hated imaginary numbers in mathematics, so he wrote a book to describe the utter chaos that such a line of mathematic though causes. this is even acknowledged by the lyrics "when logic and proportion has fallen sloppy dead". the song really digs deep into what alice in wonderland is really about, so much so that the whole damn composition gets warped as it progresses, much like the book. so its more or less exploring the same concept but with music instead of literature. in other words its a work of genius.

[@tonifakerman9639]

This is why I love psychedelic music. It defies convention in order to tell it's story in the most effective way

[@thePWNmaster5]

Its not trying to lead you anywhere... it's trying to get you lost...

[@Jaspertine]

Grace Slick also said in an interview that she was frustrated with what she felt were mixed messages about drugs coming from the older generations. I can't go into too much detail, because it was a while ago, and I didn't entirely "get it" at the time, but she contrasts Alice in Wonderland, a children's story in which a young girl consumes a number of substances and has strange and fantastical experiences, with then being told not to consume substances... or rather... to only consume the ones that the people in charge tell you are okay to consume. Which is why the pill that mother gives you doesn't do anything at all.

[@Kastagaar]

"Changes the shape of the melody" What's the drawing ... looks familiar ... OOOOH!

[@Wayne_Robinson]

I didn't expect the Navier-Stokes equation...

Ehm, was that Double trouble you draw when mentioning "changing shape"?

[@NotHPotter]

Hey man, know where I can get my hands on some pineal gland?

[@uremawifenowdave]

Michael Wade and when it comes to that fantastic note where the... rabbit bites its own head off, I want you to...throw...that...fuckin...radio...into the tub...with me.

[@SSRT_JubyDuby8742]

I love this song so much, it's been in my world since 1972 and it remains and will always do so. Your interpretation of the soundscape that they created was well conceptualized and has not diminished it in any way. It was a very enjoyable trip and I thank you for feeding my head.🌻♠️♥️♦️♣️♟🍵🍄🌻

[@tomaseisenhammer8291]

From now on 7:49 is my favourite moment of any 12tone video. Wow.

[@Russocass]

Why?

[@tomaseisenhammer8291]

Ok, the time mark is a little early, give it a second or two (~7:50). I laughed way more than I should have.

[@SWGlassPit]

The alternating between the I and the flat II is all over Ernesto Lecuona's Malagueña, which was made famous in the jazz world by Stan Kenton.

[@pathrodox859]

Ooh we played this song for our psychedelic marching band show last year.

[@PibbDFanta]

Wait White Rabbit is only two minutes long? It’s always felt so much longer than that.

[@rca88]

12tone has 3 theories about the A C D ... E A E A bridge. The best is that the key changes to A, before it changes back to F# in the verse again. Occam's Razor - the simplest explanation is best. Nothing wrong with key changes.

[@conmanyoda]

Solid She-Ra reference my guy

[@Alagboriel]

where? it completely whoosh over me

[@conmanyoda]

@@Alagboriel the drawing of double trouble when he made a reference to changing shape

[@ghifarraad8392]

Surrealistic Pillow and Jefferson Airplane are so underrated!!! Glad you talked about them!!

[@christophmahler]

I was looking for an interpretation of the _lyrics_ , but this knowledgeable analysis of the _composition_ will do...

[@TaliMonaghanmusic]

i had to analyse this song as part of an essay for college on the psychedelia movement and I could have used this video then. damn.

[@doctormock1]

Appreciate reference to Wittgenstein duck-rabbit drawing to illustrate "ambiguity".

[@digitaljanus]

Hmm, songs with marching drum patterns: Smashing Pumpkins' "Geek USA" and "Tonight, Tonight", Metalica's "One", Faith No More's "A Small Victory", U2's "Sunday Bloody Sunday"--checks out so far!

[@abcdefgjklmnopqrsuvw]

Fantastic Video!

[@NewWaveAltCovers]

Awesome analysis!

[@Veni_Vidi_Vortice]

A video fuelled by amphetamine about a song fuelled by LSD. There's going to be a rough come down for somebody later on, I'm willing to bet.

[@inagiuchiha3875]

I first hear this song in a Vietnam war movie don't remember which one and I loved it and then I head it again in sucker punch and now I listen to both version regularly

[@joshuaurbany6468]

I love how it takes more time to explain the song than listen to it, especially having it take 4x as long lol.

[@EiriUesugiKun]

Oh how I would love to see one of these about Tool - Pneuma. But then again, if 2,5 minute song equals to 11 minutes of video, the 11:54 or Pneuma would be around an hour. :D Something shorter and simpler then? 46 and 2?

[@DC_Prox]

OMG, using Double Trouble to illustrate the phrase "changes the shape"! I love the She-Ra reboot, but I don't always have my pulse on the culture of the day, so I'm really pleased that DT is in the zeitgeist enough that you felt comfortable using their likeness like that.

[@liamisafireplace]

I love the thermals’ cover of this song, good stuff

[@coyoteartist]

I have no ider on this or any other planet what you said, although I do think via context I got the base ider of why the sound is as it is. However I love watching you explain your discovery of such a special song. For myself the marching beat seemed right because it seems very evocative of the military minded Victorian British Empire which pertained at the time of Alice in Wonderland's writing. I personally don't really see it as a drug song same as I don't see the book as such. It just strikes me more as taking something familiar and using it to play the music off of itself. Taking what was becoming the established concept of Psychedelia or the empire and musically opening the rabbit hole under it.

[@terryremaly957]

Cool that was a fun trip 🤗

[@WaterShowsProd]

There is an earlier version of White Rabbit that Grace Slick did with her previous band. I heard it once a long time ago, and just remember that the arrangement was very different. It might be interesting for you to listen to, it may clear up some of the mysteries.

[@stevesmith291]

The band was called The Great Society. Here's their version, in case you want to give it another listen: : kzbin.info/www/bejne/gKnbn3d9jK5mm5o Both of the Grace songs on the album Surrealistic Pillow, the second Airplane album and the first one she appeared on, were reworked versions of songs she had written and previously recorded with The Great Socieity. The other is "Somebody to Love."

[@stevesmith291]

The Jefferson Airplane version of "White Rabbit" is the most famous version, but it was not the first. A much different version was performed by The Great Society, the band Grace was in before she joined the Airplane. Both of the Grace Slick songs on the album "Surrealistic Pillow," probably the two best known songs on that album, were reworked versions of songs she had done with that earlier group. "White Rabbit" by The Great Society with Grace Slick: kzbin.info/www/bejne/gKnbn3d9jK5mm5o "Somebody to Love" by The Great Society with Grace Slick: kzbin.info/www/bejne/jqS2aoGAaJunpLM

[@joannesmeulewaeter4074]

How do you manage to make every single video so fantastic without even one of them being just a touch below this standard??

[@nicholasbrown1978]

This guy's a machine

[@mothsolotl]

9:36 ...is that Double Trouble from She-Ra??

[@tothefinlandstation]

Every one should check out the seven minute live version of White Rabbit by Grace Slick's pre-Jefferson Airplane band "Great Society".

[@homomorphic]

I agree, every pop/rock song with any type of marching pattern in it at some point is awesome. Generally I wouldn't recommend a marching pattern for nearly the entire piece in the pop/rock genre, but here it works perfectly. As with English prose the artist has to know the rules and then know when to break them.

[@pabloguitar6360]

Amazing analysis. Some people really know music theory and it seems to pay dividends. Me I just love the minor keys.

[@mfcrocker]

oh boy I am so here for this

[@johnr3552]

Great analysis. I disagree on one point. I think we do get a 'break' from the linear build-up during the bridge. The beat switches to a traditional back-beat and we get a hint of a pleasant jangly 60s pop song. But because it's bookended by the build-up, to the listener it feels like the build-up is the still going on, but almost inaudible, lurking in the background, waiting to reappear at the end of the bridge - kind of like the Cheshire Cat!

[@junyanwong6070]

I believe the linear ramp in dynamics is in line with the dynamics of Ravel's Bolero, where more instruments join in for every repetition

[@OutlawMaxV]

Welcome to psychedelic rock, have a good time

[@Mule4ever123]

9:15 “or so ive been told” 😂😂😂

[@fooball4589]

Damn I just listened, that was fucking awesome

[@ButBigger42]

Well, I know what I'm listening to next. Love this song.

[@Gabriel-bk3lm]

Your channel is the only thing that propells me in trying to pick up a music theory on my own PLEASE MAKE MANESKIN SONGS ANALYSIS, please do They are true art

[@sybilleh.4952]

well done!

[@thewhoacat3690]

really saved my ass on this project

[@wyattstevens8574]

If you always had Bb instead of A, the scale would be phrygian dominant. And the intro drumbeat sounds almost like the Imperial March!

[@davidibbitson7297]

I am starting t to think it would be fun to see an artist reaction to these videos.