Units of History - The Macedonian Silver Shields DOCUMENTARY

[@InvictaHistory]

We delve into the history of the Roman Cataphracts: kzbin.info/www/bejne/hIHHqXqtrsuslbM

[@imperialjapan745]

P700

[@manfromukraine4678]

Hey, I'm just an ukrainian guy and I understand that our demands are too high for other countries which already have their own problems to deal with. So feel free to stop giving us so many precious resources as they are being wasted by us without achieving much. Thank you and Slave Ukraine! 🇺🇦

[@billionair4115]

Alexander Macedoniain is Tutankhamun.

[@mormegil231]

As greek person its always funny hearing using the greek word as a unique "term" for generic equipment. Like Dori literally means spear in greek. So in my ears i hear: They carried a spear called "the spear" and a sword called "the sword".

[@Montechristoss]

Hahaha indeed

[@pmparda]

🤣🤣🤣

[@georgeemirzas7776]

Hahahah...so right...

[@reneernesto5748]

🤣

[@cletusdalglish-schommer1573]

Greek is used a lot in English to make things sound special, technical or scientific. I remember when I learned that "encephalograph" literally meant "in-head-picture" and just imagine doctors trying to sound sophisticated in front of patients saying, "what do you think doctor, do we need an in-head-picture?"

[@Eliphas_]

Remember one of those Kings and Generals videos where in one battle the Silver Shields just solo carried an entire battle when all other sections failed. I was so impressed by them. I am glad you made a video about them

[@prs_81]

@Rosario Manorang Manik It's in the Diadochi series.

[@haywoodjablomi9393]

Tristan Hughes, who narrated that series has his own channel "Battles of the Ancients". He also has a podcast that I can't recommend enough.

[@captainsternn7684]

Link plz

[@t2av159]

Highly unlikely

[@zones0]

@@captainsternn7684 Here you go, I think it's this one: Title: Diadochi Wars: Battles of Paraitakene and Gabiene 317-316 BC kzbin.info/www/bejne/qn3CdoeonKtlmas

[@ikediz]

I've only met a handful of bad ass 60-70 year olds. Usually in the course of my job. One dude was 72 and could have easily whipped my ass at 23. Thinking of a few thousand guys like that with decades of battle experience is insane. Can't imagine what it would have been like having to battle these dudes.

[@elasolezito]

Check out Napoleon's veteran officers real life photos. You can see the hardship in the old man's face.

[@johnstajduhar9617]

Phalanx warfare especially suited longtime, older veterans too. Fighting against another wall of pikes was more a contest of willpower, morale and cohesion than pure strength and vitality. It's amazing to hear that by the time of the Diadochi wars, they basically trounced any infantry unit they squared up against.

[@ikediz]

@@elasolezito will do.

[@BoogieBubble]

@@johnstajduhar9617 I am not sure that you are 100% correct my friend. I mean they carried heavy equipment , marched , fought for hours each time. No matter the age you have to be fit to do all that. Extremely fit i would dare to say. My sorry ass cannot walk a few kilometers with all that equipement , let alone fight.

[@ringo1692]

Can't mess with old dudes...😜👍

[@punishedluke3406]

Whats interesting is that the better trained troops get shorter weapons, because they can actually handle themselves in melee, if you're less trained you get a reasonably safe sarissa

[@BOSIE321]

Yeah the Sarissa Phalanx was great and all as a fixing force but it seems Alexander used the Silver Shields and the Agrianian light armored troops to deal the real infantry damage, especially in his Indian campaigns and in siege missions. I've even read an account that says Alexander altered his army for the Indian campaign and rearmed the sarissa phalanx with shorter spears due to the terrain. You don't really hear much of these elite units with later Macedonian armies.

[@andrewreil3938]

18ft poke vs 6 ft poke

[@alexanderyu85]

Tight formation also helping trooper not to escape, which were found by japanese and the west

[@CrucisJon]

@@BOSIE321 Correct me if I'm wrong, but didn't he made his troops' pikes Longer to deal with the elephants? Shortet spears is a lot more dangerous when fighting elephants

[@X.Y.Z.07]

@@CrucisJon no, Sarissa was made longer mainly to deal with Hopelite Phalanx formation, which was the common norm in the Greek World back then..

[@sadvenom7826]

The drawings are sooo fucking cool! I feel like a child again watching a cool cartoon.

[@InvictaHistory]

We make them available for download on Patreon

[@Diogolindir]

that Silvershield formation with the arid background looks amazing!

[@comradekenobi6908]

@@Diogolindir shields gleaming in the sunlight

[@Moronvideos1940]

Swear words are inappropriate in a public venue .....

[@sadvenom7826]

@@Moronvideos1940 what swear word did i use?

[@InvictaHistory]

Thanks to everyone for helping to suggest and vote for this episode! What units do you want to see covered next?

[@pelleas2681]

the cossacks

[@tsarzamancorpdna]

Turkish jannisaries or mongol keshigs?

[@danielhall6578]

@@pelleas2681 I second the Cossacks

[@RodolfoGaming]

Nubian Archers please

[@explosivereactionstv7414]

Mameluke soldiers, janissaries, Qizilbash, and Ghilmans

[@nagamata]

Stellar vid! Mercenaries were mentioned briefly, and I realized that such groups are used all across history, by nations great and small alike. I’d love to see a Units of History on ancient mercenary groups, from anywhere-how/when they come to be; examples where they’ve been crucial to victory or defeat; how they could operate as a third party in some other sovereignty’s campaigns. Did they work like the free companies in A Song of Ice and Fire? Or were there just divisions of armies that were more autonomous than those loyal to their sovereign leader?

[@moisesflores5405]

For the classical era Jeffrey Rop Greek military service in the ancient Near East, 401-330 BCE is an excellent book on Greek mercenary service in the East.

[@cloudjumper8868]

Yes, so many famous mercenary "bands". From ancient greek through roman period, medieval, renaisance and more "civilised" ages. Numidians, cretan archers, thracian and illiriyan infrantry, carthaginians and their mercs armies, italian states in medieval with mercenary ranks, landsknechts, swiss pikes... I doubt one video would be enough and I only hope that these units will be covered in this Units of history series. I would like to see a video about bucaneers aka "state registered pirates so not really pirates". I think there were many famous ones with achievements in battle, explorations, topography and so on. Sir Francis Drake is a prime example for interesting character to cover.

[@fatherofhistory]

Because in the long run, it was cheaper to simply hire a standing *_group of soldiers_* who were already trained and (usually) equipped for the duration of a campaign than have to raise your own *army* out of your populace, *train*, and then equip them….which places a huge drain on your economy and potential economic output with men being diverted to being ***_soldiers_* instead of *workers*.

[@ryandaverayla4910]

Invicta covered the Numidian Cavalry and Balearic Slingers. These were mercenary groups that fought to pay

[@nagamata]

@@ryandaverayla4910 yeah TBH after I commented, I had that dumb realization, and definitely have watched all those already. In fact, the Balearic Slingers video is one of my favorites, it was one of the first I saw when I got into the channel. I guess the Kylo Ren inside me just needs more history. MORE. MOOORE.

[@niros9667]

What a fantastic episode, this channel blows me away. Hats off to everyone who contributed to this, the quality is insane!

[@simonf823]

A quick correction- the sword shown at 7:46 is a kopis, not a xiphos; the xiphos is the leaf shaped blade with two cutting edges.

[@ktheterkuceder6825]

Imagine a silver shield series done Sharpe protagonist and masterful acting style with Rome series plot and historical authenticity style and alatriste movie style of ancient battles and fighting authenticity as well as excellent historical costumes and every frame looking like a painting. Editing:if I may ad the silver shields relationship needs to offer band of brothers vibe.

[@xSoulhunterDKx]

Sounds like fun

[@QuantumHistorian]

Even better, do the whole of the Wars of the Diadochi in a HBO "Rome" / "GoT" style. Each one of the successors is essentially a great house. Lots of strong women and potential for an ethnic cast - just what hollywood likes these days. The history itself lends itself to being cut up in seasons: the pilot is Alexander's death and the conference of his generals, then end Season 1 with Perdiccas' death, Season 2 with Eumenes', Season 3 with Antigonas', etc...

[@ktheterkuceder6825]

@@QuantumHistorian Come to think of it Alexander was indeed a Robert Baratheon. Too bad he had no friend like Ned though.

[@ktheterkuceder6825]

@@QuantumHistorian Got and Rome were good as far as acting and authenticity in manners,intrigues,politics and mentality goes. But in terms of masterful acting and historical authenticity the first goes to Sharpe and the second to Alatriste. Rome and Got battles and realistic fighting were awful.

[@QuantumHistorian]

@@ktheterkuceder6825 Well sure, but so what? The interesting thing in 323-301BC is the intrigue and reshaping of the political world. The battles aren't that different to those of a century before or a century after.

[@luelee6168]

The Prince is such an underrated book. I have read it twice and have been aching to read it again. I consider it an essential piece of human history, still relevant to this day, that all could learn from. Niccolò Machiavelli doesn't simply teach you to become a cold and calculating statesmen but how to recognize the consequencial patterns of a rising dictatorship. It is a must read for anyone interested in history and political philosophy.

[@alswann2702]

It was required reading when I was in high school.

[@MrLoobu]

Its not under rated at all, every first year uni student gets turned onto it lol.

[@luelee6168]

@@MrLoobu Ah yes, the idiots who deliberately gets themselves into debt to earn a degree they likely won't use and than instantly manipulated by the very politics they pretended to read.

[@JamesJJSMilton]

The Prince is great, but Ive always felt the Discourses were much more insightful, both towards Machiavelli, but also towards the governance of a good republic.

[@FinnishDragon]

@@JamesJJSMilton I agree. I strongly feel that the Discourses are very much more underrated than the Prince.

[@HipiO7]

Imagine if one of the actual Silver Shields were discovered in a tomb in the East somewhere, what an amazing piece of military history it would be.

[@Evan-rj9xy]

7:42 The sword depicted here is a Kopis, not a Xiphos. A Xiphos was a double-edged sword usually with a leaf shaped blade

[@Skycube100]

Yeah I was wondering about that a bit 😅

[@AnarchAngel1]

I believe I've heard Kopis translates to something like "I cut" in Greek...it's Greek to me though 😅

[@Caedmon_Kael]

I was also about to comment about that

[@garymelchisky2880]

I was thinking about saying that, but you beat me to it by quite a bit, as did a few others

[@tituslaronius]

I was just about to comment on that

[@omarbradley6807]

Fun fact: Some Silver Shield defected to Seleucus once he marched towards Babylon, and then fought alongside him against Antigonus forces. The Silver Shield legacy was thus keep alive under the Seleucid army.

[@Ihavpickle]

Boring fact but okay

[@rorschach1985ify]

Nothing boring about history on a history video, jackass.

[@shawnsweet5557]

​@@Ihavpickle you got a better one? "Pickle tickler"......

[@Ihavpickle]

@@shawnsweet5557 Why's bro so pressed lmfao

[@agrippa5643]

Why you are such a pest? That fact was great. Is boring only for your well rested mind ​@Ihavpickle

[@Fumblerful]

I remember years ago when I was waiting around and decided to look up "Roman Legionaries" on KZbin. I feel like I jumped just at the right time, to see you and all the rest cover such vast arrays of people and places, with so many different lenses of perspectives.

[@deuratusanimatedhistory10]

I want to point out that Antigenes was one of the most loyal officers Eumenes had. (It was another commander of Silver Shields, Teutamus, that betrayed Eumenes) Even as early as 318 BC (when Silver Shields barely joined Eumenes) Teutamus' loyalty was wavering as they were receiving offers of bribes and threats from Antigonus and Ptolemy, who were urging them to forsake Eumenes. But Antigenes consistently refused these offers, and even managed to persuade other high officers of the Silver Shields to remain with Eumenes. Then as Eumenes was marching towards East to seek allies there, Seleucus and Peithon were entreating Silver Shields to abandon Eumenes, and even secretly met with the high ranking officers: Antigenes and Teutamus among them. But once again Antigenes stood firmly with Eumenes, and refused these entreaties. Later when Eumenes linked up with the army of the Upper Satrapies, Peucestas sought to command the joined army, but with Antigenes help it was eventually Eumenes that claimed the command of the whole force. Finally in the aftermath of the battle at Gabiene, Teutamus, seemingly going behind Antigenes' back, captured Eumenes and delivered him to Antigonus. It is because of his unwavering loyalty to Eumenes and because he previously defied Antigonus by rejecting his appeals to forsake Eumenes: that Antigenes meets such a harsh end, being burned alive.

[@МаркоБојовић]

I disagree. Antigenes was disloyal to everyone he served under. He killed Perdicas and he was behind the mutiny at Triparadisus. He wasn't loyal to Eumenes either - he didn't want to cooperate on many ocasions, and before the battle of Gabiene, he and Teutamas plotted to kill him. Plutarch, Life of Eumenes, 16 1 But meanwhile most of the forces with Eumenes had assembled, and, admiring his sagacity, demanded that he should be sole commander. At this, Antigenes and Teutamus, the leaders of the Silver-shields, were filled with vexation and jealousy, so that they plotted against the life of Eumenes, and, assembling most of the satraps and generals, deliberated when and how they might put him out of the way. 2 They were unanimous in the decision to make every use of him in the ensuing battle, and after the battle to kill him at once. But Eudamus, the master of the elephants, and Phaedimus, secretly brought word to Eumenes of this decision; not that they were moved by any goodwill or kindness, but because they were anxious not to lose the money they had lent him.​3 These men Eumenes commended, and then went off to his tent, where he said to his friends that he was living in a great herd of wild beasts. Antigonus had a reputation of mercy, which makes the cruel killing of Antigenes that more horrifying. Peucestas, a traitor, was spared, Eudamus was executed (presumably in a traditional way) and Atigenes was so trecherous and hated by Antigonus that he was burned alive in a pit. If you are interested, I suggest reading Eumenes of Cardia: A Greek Among Macedonians by Edward M. Anson.

[@deuratusanimatedhistory10]

@@МаркоБојовић I have it, but Anson is not even entirely convinced about Antigenes being on the plot, despite what Plutarch says. Eward Anson says about “likelihood”. “It was decided that after defeating Antigonus they would eliminate Eumenes (Plut. Eum. 16. 1-3, 6). Even though this plot is not mentioned by Diodorus, and Antigenes, listed as one of the main conspirators by Plutarch (Eum. 16. 1), was previously in the main loyal to Eumenes (Diod. 18. 62. 6; 19. 12. 2, 17. 4, 21. 1), the plot appears to be genuine. [...] There clearly was a plot and the *likelihood* is that Antigenes was one of the participants. ” on page 198 Yeah, Antigenes pursued his own interests, he is attested as one of Perdiccas murderers: thus he betrayed Perdiccas (Perdiccas’ situation I think is comparable to when Eumenes lost the baggage train, Antigenes did not betray Eumenes then). He was also one of the perpetrators of the mutiny at Triparadeisus, but I wouldn't call it a betrayal (that he betrayed Peithon and Arrhidaeus is too much to say). Antigenes seems to have more to gain while Eumenes was alive. Even if Antigenes loyalty was based on his self interest, where else was he disloyal towards Eumenes?

[@deuratusanimatedhistory10]

@@МаркоБојовић You say that "Antigenes was disloyal to everyone he served under" but really by "everyone" you just mean Perdiccas. You know, in the same way Plutarch probably exaggerates in saying that most of the officers plotted against Eumenes. Given the previous loyalty of Antigenes to Eumenes, it's not entirely convincing that Antigenes was indeed on the plot to betray Eumenes. Even if Plutarch mentioned him there. It is possible that Plutarch mentions Antigenes name simply because he was one of the commanders of Silver Shields. Antigenes remaining loyal after the battle is inconsistent with Plutarch saying that Antigenes was one of those who plotted to betray Eumenes before the battle.

[@МаркоБојовић]

@@deuratusanimatedhistory10 I appreciate your quick response. I am not a native English speaker, and I must admit that my language is a bit rusty, but I believe that Anson stated that Antigenes' involvement is likely in that quote, but I could have misunderstood that. I think there are some real reasons for Antigenes to believe that eliminating Eumenes is in his best interest. Eumenes was geting stronger with each victory - a good example is how he dealt with Peucestas' support after the victory at Coprates. If he defeated Antigonus at Gabiene, he wouldn't have to rely on his semi-independent subordinates and satraps as much. The threat of Antigonus, that forced him to cooperate with them, would vanish, and he would gain prestige that would put him above the other generals and satraps in the eyes of the army. Antigenes might have feared that Eumenes would clear house (as Antigonus did after Gabiene) and eliminate all the men he didn't trust or those powerful enough to question his authority. I have to note that this idea isn't totaly mine, but I can't remember where I have read it. I can't think of another example of Antigenes' trecherous behavior on top of my head, but Eumenes did have to make the Alexander's ghost scheme to force him to cooperate. I would find more examples, but as I write this, it is 1 am and I have to take an important university exam in the morning. If you have some other counterpoint, please respond. Deuratus, it is pleasure discussing these topics with you, I am a long time subscriber of yours.

[@neochosen8840]

This is the fastest and best handled talk in the comments section I’ve ever seen.

[@KingsguardRP]

Imagine their shields beaming in the sun reflecting blinding sun rays at their enemies. Cool af

[@omarbradley6807]

Fun fact: Some Silver Shield defected to Seleucus once he marched towards Babylon, and then fought alongside him against Antigonus forces. The Silver Shield legacy was thus keep alive under the Seleucid army. And when Antiochus III, invaded Syria in his second attempt during the fifth Syrian War, (this time sucesful) He did indeed made his silver shields to reflect the sun on the Ptolemaic enemies, during the ensuing battle of Panium, (altought this had minor effects, and the battle was won in a similar way than the Egyptians when they previously defeated him at Raphia, nevertheless, he avenged it and anexed all of Ptolemaic Asia.)

[@thomasrinschler6783]

Their actions at Gabiene were truly short-sighted. As Eumenes told them, the enemy was basically beaten, so they should be able to defeat them totally the next day and regain their baggage train (Antigonos' forces certainly weren't going to escape with it in their possession if they retreated, as it would have slowed them down too much). But the most of the other satraps hated Eumenes for being a non-Macedonian Greek and having started out as a mere secretary, and were already on the verge of betrayal anyway; and thus they persuaded the Silver Shields to turn on Eumenes when victory was in their grasp.

[@Cross-xm2fr]

Wife and kids could be killed, even if gold can be recovered

[@RexGalilae]

If I was Antigonos, I'd have threatened to kill the hostages if I saw any aggression from the silver shields. The camp was a massive flaw in the Macedonian military. Always an Achilles's heel. Capturing the enemy camp was a sure victory regardless the cost. The Romans would later exploit this and improve on this vulnerability

[@Rekovnii]

@@RexGalilae they made marius mules for a reason

[@fatherofhistory]

Although the *Greeks* and *Macedonians* _fought_ together in the army of *Alexander* _the_ *Great* they have always had many problems and conflicts between both the soldiers and the highest military leaders. It was only the presence of the *_figure_* of Alexander the Great that he managed to keep together but with his death, these conflicts were rekindled.

[@fatherofhistory]

@@RexGalilae The thing the Romans did better than the fight was that they learned from the mistakes of their opponents so they were even more successful.

[@ElPorpoise]

Seeing the growth of this channel has been absolutely wonderful. So many ways you have improved, it would be a far too long if a comment to list them all. Such a passion behind it all, I am thankful for all the content everyone involved creates!

[@DOMINATOREDWING]

I've always wonder about the history of the silver shields since Rome: Total War. Now I know the full history! Thank you so much!! I love your work and your merch. 10/10 all the way!!

[@TheBikeOnTheMoon]

Now I understand why Seleucids has silver shield troops. Still, I've been wondering about the same for the bronze shield as well.

[@dschehutinefer5627]

I still remember how insane these guys were in Europa Barbarorum. A single unit of silver shields entrenched in the victory zone of a city (where they can't retreat and fight to the last man) was always guaranteeing heavy losses on my side. Even pelted with spears and stones and surrounded on all sides, these guys would just refuse to move an inch and take down three Principes for every one silver shield. Seriously, only the Gallic naked fanatics were more frustrating to fight because of their stacking intimidation bonus.

[@deepdungeon8465]

@@dschehutinefer5627 This men are more skilled, more experienced, and more battle hardened than any Roman Legionnaires.

[@RJALEXANDER777]

@@deepdungeon8465 The Triarii (never properly represented in Total War) were a similar formation in weapons, experience and prestige. They were the seniors of the pre Marian Roman Maniples, but were more of a reserve/rear-guard force that whilst could often be the decisive element weren't expected to be. The post Marian legions meanwhile mixed soldiers of different experience levels together and veterans were more often than not officers, very similar to how modern armies operate.

[@elkingoh4543]

Seleucid in Rome TW is OP went face other factions, but.....

[@Brandazzo22]

An excellent video Invicta! Your ethics of explaining history by telling us the different scholar theories are something to be admired.

[@ktheterkuceder6825]

Spartiates: we are the best. Sacred bands: no we are the best. Silver shields: allow us to introduce ourselves.

[@r.g.o3879]

What is amazing is not how good the one unit or another was but that there were so many good units that over 2000 years later they are still remembered. Add in the roman preatorians and the earlier Persian immortals and you realize what a great era for military art existed.

[@xSoulhunterDKx]

13th Legion!

[@nielsw7892]

@@r.g.o3879 praetorian Gaurds were weaker then Legions

[@ktheterkuceder6825]

@@nielsw7892 And backstabbing corrupt bastards as well.

[@jarosawkaczynski3414]

them winged hussars arrived. Gamę over:)

[@Dantick09]

Silver shields be like: "I try to retire but they keep bringing me back in"

[@unifiedhorizons2663]

USA recruitment: so wanna go back in we’re pay you a 3000 USD non taxable bonus if you do!

[@fl3669]

Just when I thought I was out, they pull me back in

[@lukedukejohnson3678]

Had they been twinned with composite bow armed calvary of mongol quality to engage the flank and rear of who they engaged imagine the unstoppable nature of the silver shields

[@szarekhthesilent2047]

@@lukedukejohnson3678 So. East Roman army basically.

[@earltaylor1893]

This gave me goosebumps! The wars of the Diodochi are one my favorite time periods. Thank you for this insightful video! I learned a lot I didn’t know about the silver shields.

[@RuinnTheGreat]

Man whoever creates the art is a magician, its so beautiful 🥰

[@Boxingbear]

Great job. The Silver Shields serve as a warning to those who would sacrifice their honor for wealth. The fates have a way of dealing with men like this so that their betrayals ultimately leave them in ruin.

[@rat488]

this is definitely the most fascinating military unit in history

[@seanbigay1042]

Not least because of another guy known for his special shield? "When Captain America throws his Mighty Shield / All those who chose to oppose his Shield must yield!" Of course, as mendacious and faithless as the Silver Shields proved, they were really the backwards of Cap.

[@timpac17]

The sacred band is also an interesting concept

[@Ihavpickle]

Not really

[@rat488]

@@Ihavpickle why would you waste your time writing that...

[@Ihavpickle]

@@rat488 it's two words bro

[@yaaseenabrahams5847]

This coverage was absolute brilliant.. So in depth.. You don't find this level of detail often.. Thank you!!

[@rickmisnich2097]

Remember, mirrors are just highly polished silver behind glass. Could you imagine heading to fight guys with big mirrors shinning the light in your eyes? Silver tarnishes pretty quick, which suggests they were more likely to be superbly polished the day of the battle.

[@hossdelgado2]

Phenomenal video. Absolutely love the content focused on the Successor Kingsoms and the Diadochi. Thank you Invicta!

[@ferrjuan]

24:51 You forgot to depict Antigonus with only one eye! He was known as Antigonus I Monophthalmus (the one-eyed)

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

They lived long enough to see themselves become the villain.

[@RodolfoGaming]

True and then Antigonus dispatched them

[@omarbradley6807]

@@RodolfoGaming Yes, but they those at the garrisons, deserted from Nikanor (Antigonid Satrap) and joined Seleucus in his war against Angtigonus.

[@livrasyt166]

seeing Invicta with an MCDM shirt just made me an even bigger fan of him lol

[@InvictaHistory]

I owe Matt a lot for helping me launch my DM career and have spoken to him about collaboration on a History of D&D episode

[@livrasyt166]

@@InvictaHistory Now I am even more hyped! Invicta and Mat in a DnD video. A dream come true!

[@aenorist2431]

@@InvictaHistory So, DnD videos when?

[@zacharyelliott7161]

@@InvictaHistory Awesome

[@disgustedvet9528]

Must've been some tough old guys back then , imagine marching all over and then fighting man to man when you're 50 or 60 and even 70 years old.

[@Dantick09]

imagine getting beaten by a geriatric army

[@tigergaminggr8079]

The terms lochos, lochagos, syntagmata and hypaspist are still used in the Greek army today!

[@apmoy70]

Yep, they passed on in the Byzantine military nomenclature and are used in Modern Greek military nomenclature today

[@johnvolos8667]

@@apmoy70 Roman not Byzantine....Byzantine is German term and is wrong

[@neonknight-1522]

@@johnvolos8667 shut up

[@ys8686]

Imagine fighting in the battlefield at the age of 60 what a chad move

[@TheAdrian229]

And still kick ass of much much younger enemy soldiers , absolute legends

[@Ulfhednar1993]

Leonidas was 60 year old when he fought at Thermopylae

[@rezawicaksono4753]

beware of a bunch of oldman with a profession where people die young (stolen comment)

[@nocive7381]

In that time 60 was 40 in our timeline

[@soggybiscuitz5985]

@@nocive7381 No. 60 is 60

[@Nikosmentis]

Small correction: it’s is pronounced lochagos (λοχαγός in modern greek meaning the man who leads the lochos)

[@Kanenas215]

The Silver shields are one of the best Greek peek Hellenistic era infantry and you can't change my mind

[@ktheterkuceder6825]

Better than spartiates.

[@haywoodjablomi9393]

Thracian Rhomphaiaphoroi are badass, though they aren't Hellenistic.

[@demetriusstiakkogiannakes1326]

@@haywoodjablomi9393Wrong.The Silver Shields remained as a unit during the Hellenistic period and they were still used by the Seleucids.

[@haywoodjablomi9393]

@@demetriusstiakkogiannakes1326 I never said Rhomphaiphoroi were the best, I said they were badass.

[@trajcemitevski7087]

As the narrative says they are Macedonian silver shields , so 🤷 .

[@mikemodugno5879]

Awesome video! I would love to see you continue with the successor kingdoms (like Ptolemaic Egypt, and the Seleucids)

[@thegermaniccoenus2525]

My theory on who were the Silvershields. Hypaspist Peltasts and the Ashetairoi/Agema? These men now called Silvershields were originally known as the 5000-strong Phalanx Guard; the picked men of the late Argead and Antigonid Kings. They were deployed on the farthest right of Chalkaspides phalanxes. The most senior veterans among them, a 2000-strong regiment called the *Agema* or Old Guard nicknamed as their age was 45 and 60 *(Asthetairoi or Best Companions)*. The rest are 3000 men called the *Hypaspist-Peltastai* due to their age being 35. Being classified as Elite Special Forces of Macedon, they weren't just sword-armed Shield-bearing Guards or Pike phalangites or skirmishing Peltasts. They were all three. They were equipped like a heavier version of the *"Iphicratean hoplites"* ; wielding a shorter version of the sarissa pike of about 12 to 13 foot long like the ones featured on the tomb of Agios Athanasios, as it was far more easier to manage. Two or three javelins for skirmishes, ambushes and other missions that require more mobility. Upon close-quarters combat, they also carried a 68 to 69 cm blade called Xiphos paired with 70cm variety (shield diameters ranging from 70cm to 74cm) of the Macedonian shield. They also carried a hoplite spear on guarding duties or sieges. For armor, the soldiers would be clad in linen armor reinforced by a tough leather hide along with bronze or iron plates, as the nature of Hellenistic warfare requires them to be highly mobile even in pitch battles. They wore bronze greaves, Iphicratid boots and open helmets either of the Phrygian (or Thracian) variety. The fate of the Silvershields. By the end of the campaign and death of the Macedonian emperor, about 3000 more so or less of the 5000 men were left, most of them once belonged to the younger guard of the Hypaspist-Peltastai chilliarchies aging 60 to 70 but some of the Agema now aging 80 to 90 were still a part of the Corps. But as stated in the video, they were still very much invincible. In the battlefields of Gabiene and Paraitacene, they were able to prove themselves far superior against the enemy Macedonian phalanxes. At the last battle at Gabiene, the Antigonus captured their baggage train. They turned over their commanders Antigenes and Eumenes, who were executed. N.G.L Hammond tells us that when Antigonus inherited the Argyraspides, he found some of them to be very tumultuous and unruly to command so he sent a thousand of the most unruly men into the Satrapy of Sibyrtius where they would be divided into smaller groups and sent into hostile missions against the Indians and other barbarians as form of slow punishment. The rest of the 2000 were incorporated into his phalanxes as file leaders. Though some would be part of the Antigonid Guard.

[@giftzwerg7345]

Pikes dont work with hoplite shilds

[@thegermaniccoenus2525]

@@giftzwerg7345 I'm breaking down the known concensus of the Elite Guard's armament: the Aspis. Macedonian shields ( or more accurately the *Macedonian Peltai* ) come in two sizes. Namely the 70cm version and the 60cm version. The smaller ones (60cm to 65cm) were used by the Chalkaspides or the Bronze-Shields, more commonly known for their title of honor by Alexander as *"Foot Companions"* The larger version of these shields ( the 70cm to 74cm variety) were the ones used by Elite Guard. The reason why we know this was when the shields were excavated, the royal emblems and the names of the Kings they served were inscribed on the said shields. These are different from the Argive Aspis used by the Greeks in the south. They don't have a bronze porpax but an *ochane* (handle) as this allows the individual soldier to use his two hands in handling a sarissa. The researcher Nicholas Sekunda in his book called *The Macedonian Armies after Alexander* reconstructed a reconstructed an accurate depiction of the shield's handle from the painting of Ajax from the Hellenistic-inspired in a fresco from the House of Menander. Ajax is described from the painting using peltai which reveals three straps of leather being attached to shield as handles. The Elite Guard (the Hypaspist-Peltastai and the Agema) weren't just by all means Shield-bearing guards. Being versatile in combat and the special forces of Macedon, they were also sarissa-bearers. We have literary evidence to support this; that being the "Duel of Coragus and Dioxippus" in Rufus Curtius *The History of Alexander the Great* . On the day of the duel, the Macedonian Coragus is known by his weapons to have wielded a sarissa, a javelin, a sword and a shield. The author did specify the length of pike Coragus used in that duel. But it is clearly known that he would've used a shorter version of about 12ft. in length, as using one with the length of 18 to 20 feet. would've been unsuitable for single combat. We have also artistic evidence to support of such weapons, like the paintings from the Tomb of Agios Athanasios which shows two soldiers of the Guard carrying two short pikes of about 12 feet.

[@eagle162]

Do you have any sources, I'm very curious to read more about this.

[@Ulfhednar1993]

Finally thank u Invicta, I ve ben asking for this since u guys started this amazing series

[@Sk0lzky]

Whoever has been making the art for your videos (for quite a while now) deserves a medal. Any plans to make a course on how to draw like that?

[@vanivanov9571]

Deuratus channel is HIGHLY recommended. One of the best on youtube, and criminally unknown. Seems weird to have no links to Deuratus' channel.... There ought to be one in the description, video card, and in a pinned comment, since he did the heavy lifting of writing the episode.

[@ΘΕΟΦΑΝΩΚΟΜΝΗΝΟΣ]

Fun fact: Byzantine Emperor Basil I the Macedonian was very attracted to this historical period because the court related him to Philip and Alexander due to his Macedonian origins. Basil began a Macedonian propaganda campaign to link his dynasty with that of Alexander the Great and himself as Philip, to give more credibility to his campaign he named his son the future Basileus Alexander and established a royal company called the "hetarairea" that was composed of the aristocatras or "philoi" (friends) of the Basileus and the best mercenaries such as the Varangians. He also created a company composed only of Macedonian soldiers since there was a myth in the eastern armies that only they could re-conquer Asia as they did with Alexander.

[@apmoy70]

The only problem is that the Macedonia of Basil's era ≠ Ancient Macedonia, as his "Macedonia" is nowadays in Greek Thrace, a few hundred kilometers to the East

[@ornessarhithfaeron3576]

:hidethepainharold:

[@TeutonicEmperor1198]

@@apmoy70 όντως, το θέμα της Μακεδονίας ήταν στην Θράκη κι όχι στην κανονική Μακεδονία η όποια ανήκε κυρίως στο θέμα της Θεσσαλονίκης!

[@wankawanka3053]

But the macedonia he came from was a roman province

[@tatjanavelkova5814]

MAKEDONIJA 25 CENTURIES IN SOUTH EVROPA ! ! !

[@LudosErgoSum]

Seems the Macedonians unlocked this crafting recipe earlier than most Minecraft players that were still fooling around with bronze gear. No wonder they were able to conquer all of the chunks that had been generated so far!

[@petitpanierdosier]

love the artworks, the narration and the overall content ! great video

[@JuanCanuck]

Shoutouts Eumenese for being the most based Diadochi

[@omarbradley6807]

He could be, but maybe Seleucus was the best,

[@adammercer6004]

Never forget that Eumenes was only Alexander's Secretary and has never fought or commanded prior to Perdicas placing him in command of the northern army and technically he never lost a battle once all it took the Silver Shields betrayal to beat him.

[@bernsry]

You ought to consider covering a naval unit! The Greek trireme, the roman quinquereme, anything!

[@julianmarsh1378]

The thing that always amazes me about the Macedonians is that their army never seems to have numbered more than 40,000 of their own troops, and yet look what they accomplished! Their military exploits under Philip and Alexander outshine any comparable Roman tag team of generals, while the best of the Hellenistic Era rivals the best of the Greco-Roman period.

[@ww2wall561]

Greeks were always numbered

[@LeftJoystick]

One of the closest comparison’s I’d pull would be the Roman Empreror Aurelian during the Crisis of the 3rd Century. Rome seemed on the verge of collapse, but this man somehow, at a breakneck pace, fought battles and recaptured Egypt, Gaul, and Palmyra [among others]…all while bouncing between the East of West of the Empire….all in what? 5ish years? It honestly seems almost impossible to believe, and a show based on this in the style of “Rome” would probably outdo Game of Thrones in its grandeur. The Palmyra arc would be super interesting, there was all sorts of political intrigue going on. The city of Órleans in France is named after him (and I suppose, by extension, so is New Orleans in the USA :) ). He’s got to be one of my favorite ever figures in Roman history for sure.

[@LordByron1821]

@ww 2wall The Greeks were always outnumbered and still managed to destroy their enemies. The recent example was the Greco Italian war in 1940 where the Greek army Completely destroyed the invading Iralian army which was heavily armed by German arms and by airforce.

[@mistypluto6918]

One of my favourite youtube channels now

[@che71che]

Do you think that having a highly trained unit armed with polished Silver Shields could have been used as a field weapon? Reflecting the glaring sun into the eyes of the enemy, blinding or even temporarily dazzling your opponent just before engagement must give some advantages especially if your being disadvantaged because the higher ground you've chosen is facing into the sun but with silver polished shields you could turn your disadvantage back into an advantage, I wonder if any battle re-enactments have been recreated to test if this could have been deployed as a battle field tactic?

[@thegainsayerstalker]

Some corrections: Lochagos [λοχαγός -> λόχος (company) + άγω (lead/guide)]. Syntagmata is the plural, the singular is syntagma (σύνταγμα = regiment). A pentakosiarchy [πεντακοσιαρχία -> πεντακόσια (500) + άρχω (rule)] is lead by a pentakosiarch (πεντακοσιάρχης). Great video overall, thank you.

[@queldron]

Amazing video once again! Just one small correction: the word is Lochagos, not Lochargos. Also, while you correctly state that they had Xiphos swords you depict a Kopis sword.

[@SoLoGLidez]

just been getting into history. always thought it was boring and this format makes learning it fun. thank you

[@ViceadmiralNelson]

Love your work. Very picky me found the smallest of oversigth: Around 6:30, the unit should be a Pentakosiarchie and its Commander a Pentekosiarchos or Pentekosiarch

[@afisemenaborevlaka48]

You're not going to like this. It's actually a "Pentakosiarchia" and a "Pentakosiarchos" or "Pentakosiarch." I guess I'm more picky than you.

[@ViceadmiralNelson]

@@afisemenaborevlaka48 If you Read Ael. Tact. 2,10 - likley the source used here - you actually find πεντακοσιαρχιαν (acc sng, fem.) commanded by an πεντακοσιαρχην. For πεντακοσιαρχιαν its a simple question of transliteration - I have seen Pentakosiarchy, Pentakosiarchie and Pentakosiarchia. Now πεντακοσιαρχην is an interesting form, because it is a masculinum that can be found both in the "regular" masculin Decilnation - then the correct nom. sng. would be πεντακοσιαρχος. However, since πεντακοσιαρχιαν is female, Aelian decided that he should use a masculin of the female a-decilnation, hence πεντακοσιαρχην (acc. sng, masc). So the correct nom. sng. masc. of the Pentakosiarch of this special source would be not πεντακοσιαρχος, but πεντακοσιαρχης - or Pentakosiarches. Now the real fun begins, because Aelian uses early second century AD. attic dialect, whereas Alexanders men would have used fourth century BC macedonian dialect, while Alexander himself likley used both the macedonian dialect as well as the posh Attic tongue, perhaps mixed with some doric (his house comming from the peloponessus and all), chacidian elements (with Aristotle coming from Stageira) and whatever Epiroite accent his mother migth have transmitted. There is basically no way for us to know how he would have pronounced it. In terms of writing, the fun gets even better, since our three main written (and all lost) sources are a) Ptolomy (the gods may know his dialect - probably similar to Alexander) Eumenes (greek, from the Chersonessus, official secreterial documents) and Callisthenes (chalcidian, likley with some attic elements). By the way, I would rather count on Arrian, who does - to my knowledge, would need to dive deeper into that - not use the interval of 512 men for the infantry at all, so...

[@afisemenaborevlaka48]

@@ViceadmiralNelson OK, I was wrong, you are more picky than me. It's really hard to make sense from all the different Greek dialects used throughout time as to the exact spelling and pronunciation of words. I read an article a while back that Latin mostly derives from the Chalkidian alphabet and dialect. Have to look into that.

[@apoked]

An amazing video as always. The production value is through the roof! My only complaint is that the pronunciations seem to be all over the place...

[@nekomakhea9440]

*the ending is super depressing* _We hope you've enjoyed this deep dive~!_ lol the tone shift is sudden enough to cause whiplash

[@azizcook1651]

That's not a Xiphos shown at 7:50 that's the Kopis. The Xiphos is similar to the Gladius just longer and with a cylindrical handle.

[@neutralpeace647]

Greek coalition was the most spectacular event in World's history.

[@andrerobinson3233]

I need this narrator to read an audiobook. He's so soothing.

[@nobedience]

Imagine the distances they were walking their whole life.

[@Dennell_Mount_and_Blade]

It's really quite an accomplishment if you think about how much equipment they had to carry as well. I wonder how their knees and backs were able to hold out all those years. To some extent they were the super humans of their time.

[@jdirty8799]

I believe this was my favorite of the unit documentaries so far!

[@marloyorkrodriguez9975]

I am a big fan of Eumenes, he is a secretary who became a great general, a shame he was betrayed by the best of the best but hey his curse turned true.

[@Montechristoss]

Yes he could unite the empire again

[@ferrjuan]

He was the last supporter of Alexander’s dynasty once he died the Diadochi would each claim kingship over their respective regions and of course Cassander would kill Alexander’s heir/son as well as Olympia (Alexander’s mom) and Roxanne (Alexander’s wife)

[@ahoosifoou4211]

Invicta you make me feel like a child. I love the thumbnail give me rome total war vibes playing as seleucid in the desert. Could you also look into famous mercenary bands across history?. Thanks and great vid

[@InvictaHistory]

For more Macedonian history check out our friend, Deuratus! kzbin.info/door/TiG87tk_BTg3_Zyut0hLKA

[@HandsomeStranger1963]

no thank you.

[@HandsomeStranger1963]

as a Macedonian that is . no thank you.

[@antionygrilmady9044]

You mean Greek Macedonian right??

[@HandsomeStranger1963]

@@antionygrilmady9044 no if i did i would. now more than 1 liners. no greek means nothing . greek is a western word; and to me hellenic macedonian means macedonian macedonian. go play with yor spartan action figures and think how dumb u really are. piis poor thirdworld state go beg eu for euros. remeber what a euro was. no tourism must be bad. the ancients curse you albo pontusian

[@HandsomeStranger1963]

@@antionygrilmady9044 good one ha ha ha.

[@josiplucic7077]

In 7:40 you made a mistake, you said the soldier used xiphos sword but you drew kopis model :)

[@alexandros8361]

This is a well done documentary. It should be noted that many Persians mourned the death of Alexander. They had adopted him without quite realising it. He gave them so many stories, and they love stories, I am told.

[@truthseeker6142]

Lol, Iran was against slavery, women and men had equal rights, there was religious freedom, Alexander came from the complete opposite, and he destroyed everything. every Iranian I spoke to, see him as a barbarian. Funny thing is that Alexander wanted to be a Persian saw them as superior, he had some form of bi polar, would be nice if historians did some research on that.

[@alexandros8361]

@@truthseeker6142 Not the Iran I read about, such as “Persepolis”. And I dont know any country then that didnt have slavery. And Alexander was a preserver. Look at Egyptian history. Outside war, Alexander only destroyed that, that was evil. Such as the manuscripts of Zoroaster, infused with the spiritual evil of Persepolis. But he did copy them, translate them, and send copies for the new libraries. The Zoroastrian priests who put shit on Alexander for everything, even complain about that. You want destroyers, look at your own, and all the stakings in Babylon. Or look at Tammerlane, Ghengis, Attila, Stalin, Hitler. They created the devastion of continents without any mercy. Get it right!

[@daya1082]

@@alexandros8361 I read your comment, lol, no I don’t get it because I study facts objectively, I don’t buy into your or western propaganda. U write with emotion not with sanity. I bet a nazi would also glorify and defend Hitler. Greece had slaves, women where treated as second class citizens, Greek city states fought each other and enslaved one another, many Greek cities sought help from Persia. When Persia defeated Babylon they allowed the defeated king to remain in power, they kept Babylonian customs. Babylon had to only pay taxes in return. They did the same with Egypt etc. Persians where civilized humans. Alexander did the opposite he tried to make Egypt Hellenistic. Similar to what Arabs did to Egypt, or what Anglo saxons did to native Americans, enforce their culture and annihilate what they encounter. Persia never did that. Persia never had slaves they built Persepolis with paid labor. Persia saved Judaism twice from annihilation , once during the time of a prime minister who was trying to kill the Jews, and the Iranian king saved them; again during the time of Cyrus the Great, where he saved the Jews from Babylon). Look how Jews were treated under Roman and Greek rule- barbaric to say the least. I don’t have the time to educate u, plz continue living in your bubble! But one thing is sure Alexander the midget was a barbarian, similar to Hitler, and once western civ is on a downhill, which we r witnessing, real historical facts will surface, and the western saga that they r superior will crumble. And all their twisting of historical facts will be exposed.

[@BeatMonkeyV5]

Excellent coverage, but as a nit-picking comment; when the animation shows the equipment of the Hypaspists, the narrator mentions their sidearm being a Xiphos but the weapon shown is actually a Kopis.

[@GottHammer]

that and I thought that use of the word 'hoplon' for shield is less preferable to 'aspis' now?

[@BeatMonkeyV5]

@@GottHammer I guess the term ‘hoplon’ is more related to the idea of the Hoplite, but in reality the names are interchangeable for the same piece of equipment

[@szarekhthesilent2047]

@@BeatMonkeyV5 Nope. Hoplon means "equipment (for war)" where as "aspis" means "guardian"/shield. That being said, Dipylon, Aspis, Thyreos and Pelta are all overlapping in some areas. So feel free to call the shield Hoplon. Or Bob. I think Bob sounds good.We should call the shied Bob, and the Spear "also Bob".

[@ajavierb2078]

Amazing video!!! I have waited for this video for years

[@aenorist2431]

Dude casually in a MCDM shirt. What a legend.

[@RobertMihalache]

Amazing and very informative. Thanks a lot for sharing. Kind regards.

[@pixelhistoricalwarriors]

7:42 "And the Xiphos sword" The guy picks up a kopis

[@Cycon91]

It was fun to see an MCDM shirt on this channel :) Great video, as always.

[@andrewhendrix2297]

What about the Seleucid Silver Shields that fought Rome? Were they a continuation of this legendary unit or just other elite units named by the Seleucid king to evoke Alexander?

[@claudiu-mihaipuiu1221]

The Seleucids probably just gave them a similar name, but I doubt that they were as good as the original Macedonian Silver Shields.

[@RodolfoGaming]

Congrats on 1 Millions subs

[@darthsidious6753]

Yet he turned against Perdiccas, allied with Antipatros, which sparked the first Diadochi war.

[@bleekskaduwee6762]

Bravo , your guys just raised your own bar much higher

[@eldrenofthemist2492]

The Silver Shields had Silver Beards to match. When Elders had Conquered an Empire.

[@theromanorder]

Im pissed that you only have 1mill subs you deserve more

[@apmoy70]

So, to our Slav friends to the North, if the Ancient Macedonians weren't Greek, why did they use Greek terminology for their military -to the point that almost the exact terminology is used today in the Modern Greek Army- and not their native, distinct "Macedonian" language? And why all the ancient writers/historians/chroniclers have omitted the ancient native "Macedonian" terminology, while they did not do the same with the Persians (or the Scythians, the Parthians etc)?

[@phoenix6385]

What does pezhetaroi mean in greek 🤔

[@johngurlides9157]

@@phoenix6385 Pezoi = footmen, etairoi = friends

[@FearTheNorth]

Only one and greek Makedonia 🇬🇷🇬🇷🇬🇷🇬🇷

[@dozivotnonepobedliv]

Macedonia never greek if you want to be Macedonians rename greece Macedonia it is simple don t steal Macedonian land

[@iggo45]

@@dozivotnonepobedliv είσαι ντιπ ουφο

[@esem8500]

Great video as always thanks for your work keep it going.

[@gelisgeo1309]

Lochos lochagos syntagma pezikarioi etc... Exist until now in Greek army

[@metigame1450]

🤣🤣🤣🤣

[@MikeSmith-vl5em]

When I read that I was like is this dude speaking elvish or sindarin from LOTR LOL I’m reading the novel the change and the rangers war cry starts with lochos

[@gelisgeo1309]

@@MikeSmith-vl5em I don't understand

[@nezperce2767]

Modern greek are formed by Archelaos king of Macs and close friend of Evripides. He took his capital from Aiges to Pella. Study

[@gelisgeo1309]

@@nezperce2767 I think you have not understood what I wrote.. the Byzantine titles are completely Greek and are used to this day. that's what I'm talking about

[@fmmsf1]

What a great episode! Thanks guys :D

[@VforValenti]

"Λοχαγός" ie "Lochagos", not "Lochargos". AMAZING video nevertheless.

[@ΔΗΜΗΤΡΗΣΧΡΗΣΤΑΚΗΣ-ι6ψ]

There is also lochargos a lochagos who is lame or goes late,take his time to do things or maybe a lochagos from Argos 😁

[@VforValenti]

@@ΔΗΜΗΤΡΗΣΧΡΗΣΤΑΚΗΣ-ι6ψ hahahahaha....

[@Sandy-hx3yu]

Great video! This also makes me curious how did baggage trains/ followers camps work on campaign? I hope you all still decide to do a video on the nubian bowmen.

[@shorewall]

All your food, supplies, loot, and servants, including family in this case.

[@cfv7461]

Finally, my Rome Total War bias :)

[@SuperSwordoftruth]

Really enjoyed this, part of a great series of videos.

[@highviewbarbell]

just a reminder that now when people tell you they've read a book, they actually listened to a 15-minute CliffNotes on it

[@andreasleonardo6793]

Excellent video full of surprises acknowledges about Macedonian silver shield armies of great Alexander's 👏🏼👏🏼👏🏼👏🏼👍👍👍👍👍👋🏻👋🏻👋🏻👋🏻

[@mariaasturias4134]

Alexander the Great is even mentioned in the Geneva bible, I love reading about that great man.

[@x1_catalyst_x174]

How is he great? What did he do after his conquest, oh shoot he died and no one knows where his grave is=(

[@tatjanavelkova5814]

before 25 centuries ALEXANDER THE GREAT TSAR ON MAKEDONIJA .

[@ChickenChunks]

A small technical error im sure but the sword at 7:40 is not a xiphos but rather a kopis, or falcata

[@anthonyhayes1267]

I'm world building for a fantasy book inspired by the immediate post Alexandrian era. This may turn out to be useful so thank you

[@InvictaHistory]

An excellent choice in setting. So much rich content to choose from.

[@sanguiniusi8187]

7:39 The sword depicted in the video is not a xiphos sword, but a kopis sword. So which one did the silver shields use or was it either of them?

[@jerrycloud4033]

I remember there is a Manga based on this period of history and the protagonist is Eumenes.

[@blackfang101]

The name of that manga is historie, basically history.

[@marloyorkrodriguez9975]

I love that Manga although I have a theory base on the late chapter that Philip is still alive but with a new memory and name, Antigonus Monopthalmus.

[@FearTheNorth]

Many congrats. Great Video 🏺🏺🏺🏺

[@Ikaros1994]

When Greeks unite nothing can stop them. Long live the greatest Greek king of all times, long live Alexander the Great.

[@MrrBushman]

Alexander is Macedonian tho

[@Ikaros1994]

@@MrrBushman Macedonian = Greek, same way as Laconian = Greek, Thracian = Greek. Keep your idiotic lies and propaganda to yourself.

[@ΧρηστοςΓεωργιου-λ1γ]

@@MrrBushman We have a tagma for you.Not even a syntagma.

[@Ikaros1994]

@@ΧρηστοςΓεωργιου-λ1γ 10 βατραχια εχουν καταλαβει τα ελληνικα εδαφη που κατεχουν αυτοι οι βαρβαροι.

[@ΧρηστοςΓεωργιου-λ1γ]

@@Ikaros1994 Και οι πρόσκοποι μπορούν να κάνουν την δουλειά.

[@Iamthatiis]

Thanks for making videos like this.

[@Strider91]

60!!! Jesus, watch out for that guy. Beware an old man in a profession where men die young!

[@DavidSmith-wy3ii]

Incredible details very interesting .thank you