UPI - Unified Payments Interface - A Primer

This video is a primer on India’s Unified Payment Interface (UPI).
The video consists of 3 chapters,
1. Overview of UPI and a look at volume
2. Brief History of UPI. Payments Systems available in India prior to UPI (NEFT & IMPS). Importance of IFSC and Acc#
3. UPI terminologies, PSP, Customer Registration Process, Push Transaction flow
UPI Terminologies/Concepts covered : Payee, Payer, SDK (NPCI Library), Remitter Bank, Beneficiary Bank, PSP (Payment Service Providers), VPA (Virtual Payment Address)
Covers Customer Registration Process in detail including generation of UPI PIN, and UPI Push Transaction Flow (4-party model).

[@yashrajshrivastava1266]

This is the best video I have found so far on UPI.

[@sabapathy27]

Very clear explanation-really captures every detail in this amazing payment system.

[@Anbusaga]

Excellent video. Explained in simple way where anyone can easily understand. Appreciated and please keep up the good work brother☺😄

[@surendersingh3699]

Thank you very much for educating UPI payment system. One of the best explanations to understand the UPI system.

[@satyendramohan1165]

Thank you for making us understand the complex process in lucid way. Awesome video as always!

[@ganeshvenkatakrishnan6037]

Thank you very much. I was hunting for upi architectire explanation for quite sometime. This has been very useful. You sound to be a payments solution architect.

[@rpalaniappan864]

Very nice. Done professionally. Language is very neat. Flowing description.

[@ashokkumar-hl1bq]

Really great and good coverage of topic. Precise in explanation

[@cladiusfern]

Beautifully explained. Kudos!

[@arunprashanna7494]

A nice walkthrough on the basics of the payment system. Kudos :)

[@sagarkatdare]

Amazing ! Keep up the great work ! Thanks

[@awmpuiaraltekawlni2152]

Very interesting presentation, it helps me a lot, thanks for the clip👍

[@prachikumar1054]

This was so helpful I love the way you explained things!

[@jegr6607]

Excellent video, thanks for sharing!

[@rahulmulekar5012]

Amazing in depth and simple language..thanks

[@anilkurmi5966]

Cool explanation, awesome video.

[@riteshsingh1245]

Very nice video covering UPI workflow

[@arunjoshi4674]

Crisp and to the point explanation

[@bookerslawn]

Excellent explanation. Thanks a lot.

[@musibulkhan2015]

Thank You So much very clear explanation.

[@ottobena]

Excellent video.

[@Kashyapvneed]

Thanks for this detailed flow

[@anupkar2192]

Thanks Satish for explaining the UPI payment process is such simple words. Very helpful

[@LearnPayments]

Thanks Anup

[@user-gl9mn7py6f]

Very clearly explained..no such explanation in other videos or other learning channels

[@mathi9527]

Thanks for an excellent video. Waiting for Pull payment details video 🙂

[@swikrutisnigdhanag7183]

what a video sir! i m gonna subscribe like and share.

[@shreebalajisampath]

Thank you very much. It has been explained very well.

[@LearnPayments]

Glad to hear that!

[@hieabhiii]

I will be using this presentation for my presentation purpose

[@dineshgct]

Great video

[@tugo123i]

great stuff, will love to hear on visa direct and MasterCard send an example and architectural integration diagram

[@themittal]

Brilliant video as always. Your channel and videos deserve much more traffic, perhaps you should look at optimizing video tags to drive organic traffic.

[@LearnPayments]

Thanks for the kind words, Ankur... Let me work on your suggestion!.

[@vibhasahal7633]

You have done an amazing job in this video.

[@akashdalvi5369]

very understandable. thank you.

[@dr.s.k.jainmrs.vinodjain8764]

Excellent

[@AG-wq8my]

Excellent ! Please make video on Bharat QR 4.0

[@hiteshk8758]

We’ll explained keep on doing the good work 💕 #KhushVibes channel

[@bibhorhalan8479]

Very good Video ; Suggest if you can add examples in the transaction flow using hypothetical figures and person

[@sreerajchundayil588]

Excellent video. Where is the second part?

[@taritgoswami7922]

Thanks !

[@Ranvit]

Excellent. Thanks for detailed video on this topic. Can you please prepare some content on what standard message formats are used in this message exchange.

[@LearnPayments]

The protocols in payment and cards, which I have majorly covered are ISO8583, ISO20022, EMVCo which I’ve tried to cover in different videos

[@hieabhiii]

Thanks a lot sir

[@DrVeerbhanSingh]

Good 👍

[@sagarkatdare]

Please make some detailed videos on open banking

[@kannanbabu5086]

Very much Insightful brother. Have you done the video for Pull, Recurring Payments for UPI as mentioned in the last slide

[@LearnPayments]

Unfortunately nope, nothing on the latest UPI features

[@riteshr9002]

Hey, at video instant 15 minutes 40 secs, I have a doubt. Why is NPCI decrypting the details (card details) sent by the PSP server with a PSP key and then again encrypring it with an Issuer Key and sending it to the Issuer Bank?? My question is that what is the reason of NPCI decrypting this information? Is NPCI also storing these? I hope you got my doubt. Thanks in advance!

[@queenbee6784]

Please make ATM ( NFS) Transaction Flow

[@jkelectrosolutions7737]

I subscribed to you. 👍

[@abhisheksprofile]

👍👍

[@ramesherrabolu1590]

Is there a web service to use UPI without having to use a mobile device

[@techinbanking6177]

Very well explained, thanks a lot. One doubt I had was, if UPI pin is stored in Issuer bank then how does psp validate a transaction? Is it still done at issuer side and only status informed to the PSP?

[@LearnPayments]

On the issuer side.

[@magicmagus1459]

I have a question. You said a PSP app can be created either by the bank itself or a external third party. Also you said one PSP can tie up with multiple banks to provide handles. But if Google pay has tied up with only 4 banks (with their handles as shown in ur video), then if we have a bank account that isn’t a part of the google tie up, then consequently we won’t be able to create an account on google pay. In other words, if I have a “Karur Vysya Bank” account or “Punjab National Bank” account, then I won’t be able to create a UPI id on google pay because they don’t have tie up. Is my understand correct?

[@LearnPayments]

Hello!, GPay ties up with these banks to issue the PSP handles basically banking relationship. But the funding account can be any of the other banks. So, you can still add your KVB or PNB account on GPay.

[@raviajrana9206]

Excellent video..can you share similar info on UPI pull payment.

[@LearnPayments]

Shall try to

[@satish1012]

in 15:46 , will the PIN travel "trough" PSP server? I understand it is encrypted but it will go through PSP server right?

[@LearnPayments]

Thats right, also the responsibilities vests with the PSP Bank.

[@shalinim3049]

Thank you for the video..I have one doubt can we give same Mobile number to multiple bank account and get upi?

[@LearnPayments]

Yes one mobile number can be linked to multiple bank accounts and get UPI based on the bank and account selected (on the PSP app)

[@RaviKumar-vr4yf]

You have mentioned that the NPCI decrypts the OTP validation request details (inc PIN) and later you mentioned NPCI will not know the PIN. The 2 points are contradictory, can you please elaborate?

[@LearnPayments]

UPI translates the PIN from encryption key to another (from PSP's to Issuer's), securely, using HSMs. This is "similar" behavior of how card PIN works.

[@booksummaryandstuff]

Informative video, thanks for posting. Just one doubt here, are payment gateways and UPI different or the same? Would be really helpful for many if you could explain. thanks in advance

[@LearnPayments]

Hi, they are different.

[@vk6297]

THnk you.But I cannot understand one thing.Consider this scenario,a person is holding an account in some "xyz" bank and when he is using samsung pay as PSP app the support of upi is provided to it by the Axis bank.So how does it works .Does Axis bank holds the upi id of the person's "xyz" bank account.How will be the flow in that case?

[@LearnPayments]

Samsung Pay and Axis Bank are the Payer ecosystem here. Samsung Pay will need a sponsor bank which is Axis in this case. Here the Payer ecosystem is responsible to map the UPI ID to the Bank a/c number. You might want to refer this for the roles and responsibilities www.npci.org.in/what-we-do/upi/roles-responsibilities You can also refer the four party model here medium.com/authncapture/43-upi-607ac244da59

[@adithyapvarma8738]

So does the UPI pin have to be same across all PSP apps which use the same bank account?

[@LearnPayments]

No, not required to be so.

[@vishu0chhikara]

Thank you. What if Payee does not have a PSP and it's a simple transfer to Aadhar?

[@LearnPayments]

Hi Vishwajeet, NPCI provided a NPCI Mapper which resolves Aadhar to account information. UPI server credits to the corresponding Payee Bank. However I should say (and stand corrected), that Pay to Aadhar was decommissioned in 2018 because Aadhar was deemed to be sensitive. Thanks

[@srikarrao2119]

Can you provide the ppt as i need to explain to my friends?

[@dipaksenapati4814]

Nice video, only the sound is a bit low

[@keshavmunjal3049]

Can we download this ppt from somewhere? I need it to explain it to my team members. You have explained it very well.

[@LearnPayments]

I’ve to look into my archives for the ppt. Let me check and come back to you.

[@keshavmunjal3049]

@@LearnPayments Thanks.

[@souravchanda9555]

Wonderful video Sir. Could you also explain through a Video or in the comment itself, what are the validation checks happen in the UPI payment system both in the issuer and the beneficiary side.

[@LearnPayments]

from an Issuer side typically the validation of the details off the account. from the beneficiary side, not much.

[@souravchanda9555]

@@LearnPayments thanks for the revert..I think VPA check is done on the beneficiary end then

[@yashrajshrivastava1266]

Won't the issuer bank and remitter bank be same all the time for a user? If yes, why 2 different names for the same entity?

[@LearnPayments]

Yep, Issuer and Remitter Bank are the same. :) From definition standpoint: Remitter bank is where the funds are debited/credited. Issuer Bank authenticates the cardholder. In the recent BHIM guidelines over the web, they are just using "Remitter Bank"

[@jain007neeraj]

15:48 You mentioned, the UPI server doesn't know the PIN, but in the diagram it shows UPI decrypts the details (including PIN)

[@LearnPayments]

It does translation but doesn’t store

[@curiousmind2330]

Sir I am big fan of your works and the way you present always, well structured and understandable, Can you provide the information about which medium is used to make these PPT's?

[@LearnPayments]

I believe you’re referring to the software used to prepare the slides. I use Microsoft PowerPoint or Google Slides :)

[@curiousmind2330]

Thank you so much for replying 🙂

[@krishnakanth3004]

Very informative and clear understanding of concepts but the volume was extremely low and i had to take effort to listen. Please address this issue in your upcoming videos. Also i have few questions 1. First factor is hardbinding the phone (the payer PSP hardbindes the phone) what should i do to de-bind my phone with the PSP app if my phone is lost ? 2. During step 4, setting up UPI PIN, why is it required to enter last 6 digits of debit card number and expirt date, why not last few digits of account number or IFSC Code ?. Initially i had the confusion of whether UPI was working on the basis of debit card because of this information requested. A few things i wanted to clarify 1. Can one bank account have multiple VPA linked to it (by registering on various PSP apps) ?. 2. If i wanted to receive money, can i provide any of the VPA of my choice to receive money ? 3. If the bank stores UPI PIN for a particular account, then irrespective of any number of VPA’s created, all the VPA’s must have only one PIN, is that correct ? 4. Since the first factor is hardbinding, can i do initial registering of PSP app (eg. HDFC BANK APP) on one phone and another PSP app (eg. BHIM APP) on another phone ? 5. How will i be notified of any payment received or requested if i have given the VPA of a PSP app that i have uninstalled ?

[@dineshkumardhorali]

Yes I do faced the same volume issue. Please correct it Below are my understandings Q1 - First factor - is ur mobile unlocking PIN, or PIN Pattern like that. so when u change ur mobile its automatically changes. Q2 - With Account number + Ifsc Bank can't validate PIN /or any secret value which already bank holdes. Few more of ur questions Q1 - Yes u can do it. Q2 - Yes, but u should registered for it. Q3 - Yes, UPI PIN is same for N numbers of PSP apps. Q4 - U can't becuase same sim can't be there in 2 Phones at a time. once u removed the SIm, u need to re-register on that app. Q5 - its not specfic to UPI payments - Any credit/debit entry on ur account u ll be notified from Bank's Notifications menthod. If any misunderstandings please correct.

[@kumarprateek1279]

Thanks for the video. could you make one for account aggregators also.

[@LearnPayments]

Hi Prateek, guess you are asking the AA framework of RBI?

[@kumarprateek1279]

@@LearnPayments yes.

[@satish1012]

Also in the transaction flow The pin will go trough the PSP right? For example, if i have installed Google Pay . The flow would look like this GPAY On my mobile --> PSP (Google Server) --> NPCI UPI Server --> Bank My question why can't GPAY directly connect with NPCI UPI server? Like below GPAY On my mobile NPCI UPI Server --> Bank

[@LearnPayments]

I guess the answer lies in the reason that UPI communicates with the PSPs. This link helps you with the responsibilities of the different parties www.npci.org.in/what-we-do/upi/roles-responsibilities Refer to Annexure V and VI of this doc www.slbcmadhyapradesh.in/docs/UPI_Procedural_Guidelines24_12_2016.pdf for the flow

[@amolwathore8824]

Sir, u provides good knowledge. Sir, cloud you speak taking mic very close to your month.

[@LearnPayments]

Noted Amol :)

[@pankajjoshi8292]

pls tell more abot p2m

[@deadpool3572]

Very nice explanation Bro Is it right that any app like Paytm or GooglePay don't hold your money while UPI Transaction, and the money directly transfer between banks. So if this is the case who is responsible for failed transaction and what happen to the money if it is deducted in failed transaction?

[@LearnPayments]

UPI uses IMPS rails in the back end for money transfer i.e. the typical process of fund exchange between Banks for IMPS is used. In case of a failed transaction, usually there are processes (automated mostly or manually verified upon a complaint) to credit back the funds.

[@LearnPayments]

And yes PayTM or GPay don’t hold any funds.

[@Dhanuhammer]

@@LearnPayments I think Paytm handles the money by themselves because they operate Paytm Payments Bank, and they use their own bank to handle UPI transactions without any 3rd party banks

[@dineshkumardhorali]

@@Dhanuhammer i belive only if Issuer bank is Paytm then they handles it.. else same as other apps. And Paytm and Phone pe have Wallet concept they might handles only for wallet trans..

[@aruns9079]

I would like to know 1 thing.. when we transact thru UPI in supermarkets or online, will any service charge be incurred for respective transactions like while swiping debit card.. can u plz confirm

[@LearnPayments]

As of now, there are no charges for transactions done via UPI.

[@aruns9079]

@@LearnPayments thanks for ur info

[@yoyo8293]

I am confused , you said PSP handles are provided by NPCI (as @ybl is provided to PhonePe from NPCI), in the next slide you said PSP can tie-up with multiple banks (hdfc,axis .. etc) to get PSP handles , so who issues the PSP handles then ? Rest of the video very clear explanation

[@LearnPayments]

PhonePe, Amazon Pay, Google Pay are 3rd party apps (TPAP- Third Party Application Providers). These TPAPs tie up with PSP banks (sponsor banks), and 3rd party apps require a bank to get a PSP handle, they cant directly get one. So a PSP bank, can tie up with multiple banks to get more number of handles. The name of the PSP handles are approved by NPCI. Hope it clarifies.

[@yoyo8293]

@@LearnPayments Yes understood. One thing though what is the need of multiple PSP banks for a TPAP why is one not enough ?

[@LearnPayments]

It’s too risky to have just one bank partner (from a business continuity). Since these TPAP have huge number to serve, they try to split

[@yoyo8293]

@@LearnPayments thanks ! Very clear knowledge you have .. I am working in payments project in one of the major TPAP , can you share your source of knowledge

[@LearnPayments]

Tough question mate :) maybe experience and reading available resources

[@rahulbhardwaj4380]

why is it that the bank account is in a different bank e.g sbi and the upi id is in different bank e.g axis?

[@LearnPayments]

Thought that was most important differentiator in UPI :) You can use any app to connect to any of your bank account

[@cyriskvenkat]

Payer and payee psp can be same right??

[@LearnPayments]

Yep they can be.

[@user-zx3vp8mw7d]

Any link for this NPCI SDK?

[@LearnPayments]

Unfortunately no.

[@sagarjadhav9152]

Sir really a helpful video... But now i want know about the 3rd party and 2 party models and have some questions... I have mentioned my guessing about the same..Please tell me if i am wrong... 1) The 3rd party model must be of 2 types:- 1.1) Two PSPs and one banks Here once the NPCI get to know that the Payer and Payee have their acc.s in same bank after getting the response from the payee's PSP, The NPCI will send the debit as well as credit request to that same bank 1.2)One PSP and two diff bank In this scenario the PSP will know the destination bank at the very first moment when the payer provide the VPA of the Payee... But the question arrives here is that, From which API the PSP will communicate with the NPCI? Is there any different API for this scenario? 2) 2 party model:- One PSP & One Bank Here once NPCI will get to know the payer's and payye's Bank is same they will send the debit & credit request to the bank.... But How the PSP will send the Info to the NPCI? Which API? I know you will post a new video for it and explaining everything here will spoil that video but just let me know is there any other API that PSP use to tell the NPCI about the sender's and receiver's bank info? Or just ReqPay and ReqPayDetail will do the job? 🤔🤔🤔🤔🤔🤔🤔🤔🤔🤔🤔🤔

[@LearnPayments]

Hi Sagar, There are no different APIs. Same set of APIs would be used, 1) ReqPay/RespPay for debiting or crediting to the remitter or beneficiary bank. 2) PSP APIs for ReqPay/RespPay/ReqAuthDetails/RespAuthDetails Thanks

[@sagarjadhav9152]

@@LearnPayments Ok 👍... Thanks for the reply🙏🙂

[@yoyo8293]

Lets take for Example - SBI Pay app which is a UPI enabled app provided by SBI itself. The PSP handle for the same is @sbi. I know that I can have multiple bank accounts(kotak,hdfc .. etc) under the same VPA (assuming VPA - yoyo@sbi) and we can perform UPI transactions with 0 Hassle. So my question is .. is this analogy same as that of an ATM? meaning take an SBI ATM , we can perform transactions if we have an SBI card and we can also perform transactions if there are other bank cards (Kotak card, Axis card, etc..)

[@LearnPayments]

Drawing an analogy between Card "Issuing" and UPI may not be right. UPI and a Card are both payment instruments, But what you have said about usage of Card in multiple ATMs is acquiring ecosystem, not issuing ecosystem. (Issuing is where the payment instrument is issued to issuer for a given savings account) The SBI card is mapped to only a single account (say a savings account). So one savings account to one debit card that too SBI savings account can be only SBI debit card. Where as in case of UPI, the same account can be multiple VPA handles from different PSPs i.e. same SBI account can be linked to VPAs issued by SBI, Axis, HDFC. So there is a difference.

[@yoyo8293]

@@LearnPayments Thanks for the explanation :)

[@hiuhiu714]

Some segments in the video are stamped not adjacent to each other

[@pritivishwakarma5462]

Bro can I get this ppt

[@applepaul]

can you please let us know the source / resources you have used to make this video? As far as i understand understanding the architecture of UPI is not that easy I just need to check for validity and accuracy of the information provided in ur video as I am working on a UPI related research

[@ManishKumar-qx1kh]

did you get the answer to your question, wanted to clarify the same thing.

[@applepaul]

@@ManishKumar-qx1kh nope, no ans

[@sharadmishra2684]

Please improve volume. it's very slow even on full volume

[@ramesherrabolu1590]

When user is registering for the first time they are asked to provide a phone number so as to do "Device FingerPrinting". Understand that this phone number is used to link with bank account. Why can't the procedure decouple this aspect i.e. allow Phone number per Sim card to be X and Phone number of Bank account is Y. At the time of device fingerprinting user could be given the choice of specifying both X and Y. For most situations they will be same.

[@user-yi5wt1nd6q]

Who will validate or authenticate UPI pin is Npci or isser bank.

[@LearnPayments]

Issuer ecosystem

[@user-yi5wt1nd6q]

@@LearnPaymentsthanks , means the work of Npci is to transfer requests or store data in his data base is this right

[@pal77g]

Excellent information.. the audio quality is not great, pretty low voice.

[@LearnPayments]

Thanks for the feedback. I've tried to take care in subsequent videos.

[@RSridhar]

Thanks ...But Voice is very Low Bro ....

[@babua63]

Too complex. What happens when the phone is changed, how is a change recorded? In the payment example, when does the payor use the UPI PIN? Many more queries remain. How to initiate refund of an erroneous payment? How to report and recover payment to a false QR ? How to seek help in and matter concerning UPI payment and receipt? How to get records for tax purposes? Is there any backup of transactions participated in? Etc...

[@vinashdoot620]

A phenomenon called as Device Binding

[@spcyberarangamsp4364]

volume is very low

[@vishalnikam4095]

Video volume very low

[@SushilKumar-ve8pb]

Sound volume is v less

[@LearnPayments]

Thanks. Noted. Taken care in the subsequent videos.

[@pampokes2855]

Words are not clearly audible or differently audible. This problem is with all youtubers.

[@jkelectrosolutions7737]

Please unvail ur Name. Sir

[@LearnPayments]

Its here - kzbin.infoabout :)