[Urdu/Hindi] How to think about the crisis in cosmology? | Kainaati Gup Shup |

Are we on the verge of discovering new physics or is this a modest debate within cosmology that is hyped up by headlines? The issue at the center is the expansion rate of the universe. Two different methods give two different answers. There should just be one answer. This is called "Hubble Tension". Please join astrophysicist Salman Hameed in this episode of Kainaati Gup Shup to discuss this and how to think about it?
Useful sources:
For more detailed explanation, please see:
The “crisis in cosmology” is pure exaggeration
/ the-crisis-in-cosmolog...
How Does The CMB Reveal The Hubble Constant?
www.forbes.com...
Cool Worlds podcast: Wendy Freedman - The Crisis in Cosmology, Standard Candles, Future of Cosmology
• #2 Wendy Freedman - Th...
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Salman Hameed has a PhD in astronomy and is Charles Taylor Chair and Professor of Integrated Science & Humanities at Hampshire College, and a member of the Five College Astronomy Department (FCAD) in Massachusetts, USA. He is also the CEO of the non-profit Kainaat Studios
Credits:
Written & Hosted by: Salman Hameed
Edited by: Shehryar Shaikh
Music: “Kainaat” by Umer Piracha
Subtitles by: DigiCircle
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[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Follow us on our social media! linktr.ee/kainaatstudios (All links in ONE)

[@muhammadabdullah7388]

بہت شکریہ سر کمال کردیا آپ نے مجھے اس علم سے بلکل بھی آگاہی نہیں تھی اس کے باوجود اب مجھے کچھ نہ کچھ سمجھ آنا شروع ہو گئی ہے

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Fantastic! So great to hear that!!

[@muhammadabdullah7388]

آپ کی حوصلہ افزائی کا بہت شکریہ

[@imranlatif7860]

I love knowing about the space and universes. Always watch your videos. Mashaa Allah keep going

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Thank you Imran - I appreciate it!

[@roshaan]

So I just came back home after being a week away - and this video, its warm, familiar vibe really helped me settle in! So this discussion has pushed me to think about the time when we had paradign shifts in our understanding of the universe - be it geo to heliocentrism and static to expanding universe - I feel so interested in knowing how did we 'take' those paradigm shifts? And how our understanding of past responses can help us predict and perhaps even inform our future response (as people) to future paradigm shifts (finding aliens!)

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Ah - there is a very famous book from the late 1960s on that by Thomas Kuhn: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. But this is a really hard thing to know, and there is a lot of discussion on that and on Kuhn's book... :)

[@hamadmalghani418]

Thank you sir ♥ Itnay Honest treeqay say accurate Information hum tak punhchanay k liye... Khush rahen ♥

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Shukriya Hamad!

[@Abuzardot]

i feel proud to being your student form the last 4 years i wish me ap se kbhi mill saku or ap ka thank you bol saku

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Great to hear that!

[@khanpti592]

❤❤❤❤😊shukr hy urdu mn b koi esi video bna raha hy ek takhti tv r ek yeh❤

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Shukriya!

[@Abuzardot]

Thank you sir for giving us your precious time may Allah give you a long happy life...or aisy e hamary liye lectures bnaty rahe'n....

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

It's my pleasure!

[@PlayerUnknown490]

Intazar khatam agai video ap ki sir ♥️

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Dair ayed, durust ayed. :)

[@bradallan8780]

Sir I am a big fan of yours and perhaps one of the first subscribers of your channel. Your videos are impressive and interesting. Stay blessed.

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Thank you so much!!

[@Intotheuniversewithpankk]

Beautiful explanation sir, Happy New Year

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Thank you Pankaj and Happy New Year to you as well!! :)

[@baljeetkohli5336]

Pankaj bhai your explanation is looks like Salmaan Sir explanation

[@MuhammadEshaq-wk7pe]

اچھا تجزیہ

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Shukriya!

[@historywithpervaiz9]

Zabardast video sir

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Shukriya!

[@santoshmaurya4831]

Very good and informative video Thank Sir

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Thank you Santosh!

[@kumarsankhara1293]

Outstanding sir, You look like and speak like CJI India 👍✌

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Ha! Thank you!

[@samiullahbutt4750]

❤❤Excellent

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Many thanks!

[@ajazahmed9085]

زبردست جی

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Shukairya Ajaz!

[@parmindersingh212]

Wel come sir ji nice to see you again

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Thank you Parminder and welcome back!

[@imranmunir4973]

Salman Hamid sir thanks for so simple explained us ❤ you

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Thank you Imran!

[@muhammadshah1984]

Well come sir sulamn.

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Thank you!

[@zaiddoger9229]

Very Good 😮😊

[@videos7474]

waiting for more informative videos

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

More videos coming... :)

[@NasirHussain-jo3bh]

Well done!! Well explained.

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Thank you Nasir!

[@MuhammadRafiq-sp4sm]

Great sir

[@vikas29oct]

Prism lesson of preliminary studies should touch a simplified version of Payns work. The distinguished astronomer Otto Struve described Payne’s work as “the most brilliant PhD thesis ever written in astronomy.”

[@ranawaqas531]

As usual very well explained the cosmic tension topic sir and word " lub e labab" is beautifully used... ❤️

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Ha! Thank you Rana for appreciating "lub e labab"! :)

[@ranawaqas531]

@@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu ❤️

[@imranmunir4973]

Excellent explain sir

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Thanks and welcome!

[@ranjitneelakandan9551]

Sir ji, you have explained a relatively esoteric concept quite well. Thank you for the effort to build the material for the topic and explaining it eloquently and communicating to the general public.

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Thank you Ranjit - I appreciate it!

[@maliksahil2407]

Owsome as always salman sir.❤ Already watching cool world's vedios from 2 3 years...their narration leads you into the galaxies..thanks for recommending..

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Great to hear that!

[@imranch1545]

Jazak Allah bhai you are doing great job for nation .love you from Paris ❤

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Shukriya Imran from Paris!

[@informationandknowledge8888]

Great sir love u

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Shukriya!

[@baljeetkohli5336]

Fascinating and mind-blowing discussion, Salmaan Sir.

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Thank you Baljeet!

[@zeeshanahmedkhan4142]

Owsome sir. Thank you for this informative video Sir ye ice age k bary me kuch batie ye kyu or kesy hoti hy?

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Hmm...okay at some point. :)

[@javeriayousuf8742]

سر ہماری کائنات دن با دن پھیل رہی ہے کیا اس بھاؤ میں اس دنیا پر کوئی اثر ہوگا جو کے اپنے اندر بہت زدہ طاقت رکتی ہے کیا اس دنیا کے آس پاس جو ایک ماحول یہ اس کے سات ٹرول کرے گی 😊

[@doctorharoon1255]

I am Dr haroon. Working in nephro department in Lahore. I am vv keen to learn about cosmology. As about stars. Galaxies. It's composition. Origin of new stars and death of old stars. Formation of nebula.bkack holes. Neutrino stars Interstellar space. Voids. Arc. Sphere of galaxies. I watch your videos most of time. Wud u tell or suggest me any department related with space science in Lahore. So that I could prsonally go there and be acquainted with detailed knowledge of universe. Including to be familiar with telescopes and observe the stars. Galaxies. I am impressed from u. And admire ur way of presentation thanks.

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Thank you! Well, you should check out Lahore Astronomical Society (LAST): www.lahoreastronomy.com/. They hold regular meetings about astronomy meetings as well. You can also find them on Facebook: facebook.com/groups/lahoreastronomy

[@anjumrehmankhan1707]

سَر، کہکشاؤں کے دور جانے کا مطلب یہ لیا گیا ہے کہ کائنات پھیل رہی ہے۔ کیا کہکشاؤں کے ساتھ ساتھ خلاء Space بھی پھیل رہی ہے؟ ہو سکتا ہے کہ Space ساکن ہو اور اس میں کہکشائیں دور ہوتی جا رہی ہوں۔ جیسے ہماری کہکشاں کے Space میں Voyagers ہم سے دُور ہوتے جا رہے ہیں لیکن Space وہیں اپنی جگہ موجود ہے۔

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Well "khala" and "space" is the same thing, right. It is the expansion of space that is taking the galaxies further away...

[@Omar-cd6dc]

Bro study about red shift

[@mazhermirza6518]

I think Space is no thing so infinite.

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Well, we don't know if the universe is finite or infinite. I talked about it in this video: How Big Is Our Universe: kzbin.info/www/bejne/fX62pXSMr8SMf9Esi=Mq-JvYicXx7qndt-

[@Omar-cd6dc]

@@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu Sir i'm intrested in Astrobiology can i take them as major in Pakistan?

[@adeelzahid9622]

i love the way you describe the things. appreciated

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Thank you Adeel!

[@muhammadnadeem3467]

We all are in love with your channel ❤

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Thank you Nadeem!

[@javeriayousuf8742]

سلام سر 😊

[@sark1502]

Itni he detail mai video banaya kare maza agaya. WP map aaj shae se samhaj aya ha. Mera sawal ye ha ke hamari galaxy ager 10B saal porani ha tu kia aaj hum 10B saal porani light ko detect kerke milky way ko dekh sakte hain jab wob banna shoro hoi thi.

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Ah - no, we cannot see the Milky Way galaxy in the past. But we can see galaxies like the Milky Way, 10 billion years ago. :)

[@sark1502]

@@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu kio nai dekhe sakte.

[@kamranmahmood1840]

Pory kayenat ki mesal aik ber ka darekht ki hay beaj giry or us sa hazaro nay pody Jo pory dunya ma phel rahy isy terha naye darekht or dunya ma phel rahey Isy terha khla ki misal dunya ka mjmoiy Pany ki miqdar ki terha Or jangel ki terha kayenat khaternak Jo Kuch dunya ma hay wo sub kayenat ma hay

[@javeriayousuf8742]

گولوبل وارننگ ایک الگ مثلا ہے ؟

[@ziaorahman7030]

سر میرا ایک سوال ہے کہ جو ہم کائنات میں زندگی تلاش کر رہے ہیں اس کیلئے ہم زمین جیسے ماحول والے objects تلاش کر رہے ہیں جیسے آکسیجن پانی درجہ حرارت وغیرہ۔ لیکن میرا خیال ہے کہ صرف یہ criteria ضروری نہیں ہے کیونکہ ہوسکتا ہے کہ زمین سے باہر والے مخلوق کے زندگی کے ضروریات ہم سے بالکل مختلف ہو۔ اس کی کچھ مثالیں تو ہمیں اس سیارے پر بھی ملتے ہیں جیساکہ مچھلی زمین پر اور ہم پانی میں زندہ نہیں رہ سکتے؟

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Good question. The reason is that we have to start with something we know. Of course, there can be life that is completely different from the life we know. But then it is really difficult to find and imagine that. So first we want to see if we can find the type of life that we are familiar with - and there are good reasons why such a life may be common (for example, why it will be carbon-based, etc.).

[@Shakiryzai1]

سر اگر بگ بینگ ہوا تھا تو کائنات سے بھی بڑی وہ جگہ ہونی چاہیے جہاں صرف خلا ہو اور وہاں کچھ بھی نہ ہو

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Space is a property of the universe...So the Big Bang did not happen in space, but rather it created space.

[@sweetheart4057]

Zindabad

[@scientificallyliterate7462]

Theoretically, once again I would like to remind you that... Crisis in Cosmology is subject to the incompleteness of the General Relativity. And especially, the crisis in Astronomy is due to Special Relativity is wrong.

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Well it is unclear if there is a "crisis" in the first place. And then, whether it is because of GR or not. Of course, there is an alternate theory (Modified Newtonian Dynamics - MOND) that provides an alternative. But it has other issues...

[@pamtam1]

Well, I am happy you are trying to communicate concepts of big bang theory to people who might be unfamiliar with this knowledge base in English language but unfortunately there are so many major holes in the theory including the introduction of concept of inflation (in the 70s/80s) or the cosmological constant/quantum vacuum energy problem or the complete disillusionment, lack of reconciliation of the dark energy, dark matter etc phenomena with observations that the models can really spit out numbers the way in which we want rather than independent, actual “predictive values”, isn’t it? The is problem with supposed meaninglessness attached to the concept of time before the point of the Big Bang as is completely opposed by the String theory… The point is that there are many things that could be explained away by the larger basket of Big Bang but there are such fundamentally, deep holes within the theory that the model’s “predictive values” do not carry any significant weight in the background of such enormous errors, isn’t it??

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Actually Big Bang explains and predicts a number of things that other models don't. Cosmic microwave background is one, and so is the abundance of light elements. But of course there are aspects that we do not fully understand - and that is a normal process of science. Inflation is an interesting idea as it solves a number of issues - but we are still waiting for its independent confirmation.

[@mirzabaig7876]

👍👍👍👍

[@Leeuw206]

thank you sir, kia aap neutron star aur quark star Urdu main explain kar saktay hain Thanks.

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

See this one about Magnetars (it is a form of a neutron star): kzbin.info/www/bejne/d6uUnod3braMsKcsi=XhFxAcmd8n09EGB0

[@muhammadzubairakram7274]

سر بگ بینگ ہوا کس چیز کا تھا ،وہ کیا شے تھی جو پھٹی؟ اور بگ بینگ سے پہلے اگر کوئی مادہ تھا تو پھر وہ کہاں سے آیا ؟ بھلے ایک ایٹم ہی؟ اور اگر مادہ نہیں تھا تو پھٹا کیا؟

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

See this video for that: kzbin.info/www/bejne/hYalqX9-rrCYd8Usi=DUfpKYxy2NWFe-8G

[@westtibetanadami6717]

Long live

[@muhammadabdullah7388]

Sir please one video about (The Great Comet of 1882)

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Thank you for the suggestion. But do check out this video on comets: Mirza Ghalib, Caesar, and Comets : kzbin.info/www/bejne/m3PKlmChasiIkLssi=wtiOrE8DXIZN50kL

[@muhammadabdullah7388]

@@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu Sir it's not my suggestion it's my humble request 🤗🤗🤗 and thanks for the reply and for all your work

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Thank you!

[@fahimdawer]

Dear sir, I am not a physics student neither I have any in depth knowledge of physics but still trying to wrap my head around the universe and it's mechanism....I watched one video of Brian Cox where he said that the universe/observable universe is 13.8 billion years old and we know this bcz the light after the bing bang reached us in this much time so if this is the case then how come the sun or stuff of which sun is made or any other stars or planets in near by galaxies travelled so early/ fast after the big bang than the light which we are receiving now from the big bang....If you can explain I shall be thankful ....Mere dimagh mein kai dino se ye swal hy.....

[@sark1502]

That's why the universe expansion is so important. Although nothing is travel faster then light but in the beginning universe expansion speed is much faster than speed of light so that we are able to collect billions of year old light. This is my understanding may be i am wrong.

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Ah great question. OKay so there are a couple of things. First of all, Big Bang happened everywhere! So every thing you see around you and farther away was once part of the Big Bang. But that first light that escaped, first escaped 380,000 years after the Big Bang. That light is everywhere! But since the universe has been expanding, the wavelength of that light has been stretching. So instead of seeing that light at 3000 degreed Kelvin (which would peak in the visible/infrared), we see it at 2.7K -which in the microwave wavelength. Those photons are everywhere, including in between the screen that you are reading this comment. So that is one way of "seeing" the farthest light. The other way is to look far away. There you can find galaxies whose light has taken a long time to get to us. In that way, when we see those galaxies, we are seeing those as the time when light left those galaxies - sometimes, billions of years ago. I know this is a confusing topic. I will do a live session and you can bring your questions to it. :)

[@fahimdawer]

@@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu tnx sir I got my answer at the first part of reply and would love to see you highlighting the second method in your future ghapshap as it is a bit tricky.....

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

See a bit of this in this video about the early galaxies targeted by James Webb: kzbin.info/www/bejne/j3-claOYbMZkba8si=8_PHoQYeX6onQ68z ; and then this one about the first results from James Webb: kzbin.info/www/bejne/sInUmIN6otGDqrcsi=qhFCZ2K_azt56T_i Both of these talk about how to "see" galaxies early in the universe.

[@fahimdawer]

@@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu sure sir tnx

[@usamamukhtar1985]

​​@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu mashaallah sir you are at great place.. sir g I am from Pakistan and I want to write a review paper on black hole I study the book of brief history of time and watch your playlist of black hole.... sir kindly give me suggestions about...or send me some material (link) about black hole... I was to persue my carrier in this field from from Foreign country like you

[@MuhammadEshaq-wk7pe]

سچ تو یہ ہے کہ کائنات پھیل رہی اس کا ہم اندازہ لگا سکتے ہیں یعنی کہکشائیں ایک دوسرے سے دور جا رہی ہیں تو ہم کہہ سکتے ہیں کہ کائنات پھیل رہی. اس میں حقیقت نہیں ہے. اگر ایک بڑے میدان میں 500 لٹو کھومتے ہوئے چھوڑے جائیں جب یہ آپس میں ٹکراتے ہیں تو ایک دوسرے کے دور اور قریب ہوتے ہیں. مگر سپیس کو ہم کو پتا ہی نہیں کہ یہ کتنا بڑا ہے.

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Well, there are a number of ways that astronomers measure the expansion of the universe. To say that "it is not true" does not make sense in the light of all the evidence. Even the critics of Big Bang model, incorporate this expansion of the universe, as that is simply an observable fact.

[@rizwanahmed3976]

Aoa,, can you give some information on the reality of Sky in science? We have read nothing about sky in science... Thanks

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

AA Rizwan - "sky" is not quantifiable. We can talk about our atmosphere and the different names we give to different layers (troposphere, stratosphere, etc). Or we can talk about space - and that can extend out to the farthest galaxies, though we can talk about "space" as low Earth orbit and high Earth orbit, and deep space, as far away objects. But within science, "sky" is never really used. Hope that helps a bit.

[@rizwanahmed3976]

@@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu thanks sir your answer is so clear...

[@rjameel.]

Sir i am very new to this topic and i know the way i learned about our solar system revolution in milky way is wrong but i am unable to understand how it actually moves. I haven't found sufficient information if you had already covered the subject please help me with the link.

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Our Sun (along with its planets) orbits around the center of the Milky Way galaxy. We are quite far from the center - about 30,000 light years away, and it takes about 230 million years for the Sun to go around the galaxy once. So it has gone around about 20 times during its lifetime. It is not just the Sun, but the entire neighborhood is moving together. Hope this helps a bit...

[@rjameel.]

@@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu you are so kind. Thanks alot

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

My pleasure.

[@Shakiryzai1]

اسلام عليڪم سر اگر آپ کمنٹس کا جواب بھی دیں تو لوگوں کی دلچسپی بڑھے گی

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Ahmmm...I have responded to all the comments. Have you read the comments??

[@BabaLashari-xn4cj]

Sir ap se milna oh agr

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Will be visiting Pakistan later this year and will likely give a couple of public talks... :)

[@eclecticeccentrickamikaze6526]

But solar system is incorrect as well - please refer to Q of “does time dilate during night time when the earth orbits around the sun?” Flat earth society

[@Sci-showw]

i know apne hindi language kyo likha hy title mai leken ye mushkil urdu hindi se alag hy jo wo nhi samaj saktay

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

We actually have 15-20% of viewers from India, and they regularly watch videos. If people in Pakistan can watch Bollywood films, I'm sure people in India can watch Kainaat videos. :)

[@Sci-showw]

@@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu but if u wanna engage the majority then use more English words in the place to pure Urdu words. we watch Bollywood we know Hindi but they hardly watch our dramas. just a suggestion

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Well, our primary audience speaks Urdu and we want still want to honor that. We do provide manual English subtitles and that can help with the material. If we use more English words, we are going to lose the audience that may not have access to English language and may find this material alien as well.

[@physics-review]

JWST has without doubt proven big bang theory wrong.Even Michio kaku has accepted this .

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Ahmm... Actually no. See these two videos here discussing this part: Are these galaxies too big to exist early in the universe? kzbin.info/www/bejne/imqyoJ2dgt6onJYsi=I9PRWehgL_eejCue and Did James Webb Refute the Big Bang? How to Think Critically about Science Stories kzbin.info/www/bejne/jIOWiIWGg7mKntEsi=9wH9pDi5wxI3HQo- Again - see the discussion on how science works...

[@Flytr567]

Free Palestine

[@AhsanKhan-sg3zh]

This is my request to remove this background music or replace it with something else..I don't understand whether I am here to learn astronomy or have a romantic dinner😅.

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Nope - it is a fantastic piece that goes with the themes of the videos.

[@angelichugs9001]

Sir aik cheez ko bhut lamba ker dete hein jis se vedio boring ho jati hai

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Well, it takes a bit longer to provide the background of the subject. Otherwise, there are many channels that can provide a bite-size news... :)

[@zaiddoger9229]

Very Good 😮😊

[@KainaatAstronomyinUrdu]

Thanks 😊!