Types of Radiation

[@Armaros]

2:15 "So, we could try..." -Dr. Phil Dooley, famous last words.

[@the1exnay]

gamma radiation like that is not that dangerous. you probably receive more gamma radiation in a day (if not less but im not sure on the numbers) than he gave himself right there

[@Armaros]

Firaro Yes, believe it or not, I did actually watch the video and am well aware of the safety of the act. It was a joke that I'm happy to report 11 people more perceptive than you caught on to.

[@MaidaA22589]

'I must be thicker than lead' xD 👌👌

[@tristanmiller5215]

+Maida A As he holds the gamma radiation to his brain :P

[@MaidaA22589]

Tristan Miller Some people are just unique like that xD

[@drednaught608]

I like this guy.

[@theoristnumber1173]

Maida A, no it’s THICC not thick

[@JodBronson]

@ 2:22 .... He's NOT thicker than Lead. He's " Absorbing " the Radiations, until it passes through him! I just turn 17 and I understand that! LMFAO 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂

[@hannahl3456]

Derek looks so different ;)

[@borhanzadeh1699]

This may be the most underrated comment of this year!

[@НиколайКучерявенко-з1ш]

He just put gamma radiation source near his head...

[@darryl0harris]

@@borhanzadeh1699 come on man its good but its not that good. The comment sections on KZbin have some real cherries. I wouldn't even put this in the top 100 (of the ones I've read)

[@veritasium]

It also depends on the activity of the source - the gamma may not have been emitting as many per second as the beta source.

[@a380rockerfan]

"But I think I must be thicker than lead" Absolute classic, hats off to him!

[@StormsparkPegasus]

Actually, the reason the human body can block gamma, is because it's mostly water. Water is good at blocking all types of radiation (it takes a lot to block gamma, but still).

[@RepairRenovateRenew]

incredibly insightful, thank you.

[@honaku95]

2:15 how did he change left hand to right hand?

[@mtlmltnt]

By this bit of sorcery known as video editing.

[@mrphoenix5325]

Ahhh, the mysteries of radiation…

[@GioGziro95]

✨ *𝕸𝖆𝖌𝖎𝖈* ✨

[@lcs8411]

You have really good observation skills :)

[@KarbineKyle]

Cool! If I had to guess, I'd say the 3 isotopes he is demonstrating with is a polonium-210 or a plutonium-239 alpha source, a strontium-90 beta source, and a cobalt-60 beta/gamma source. Each are probably less than 1 microcurie. That's an extremely tiny amount, but it's great for a simple demonstration like this.

[@VejmR]

Did something that emit alpha radiation always together with the 2 Beta due to the charge?

[@StormsparkPegasus]

@@VejmR Nope, but it depends on the isotope. Po-210 decays exclusively via alpha to lead-206 (which is stable) so there is nothing but alpha produced. Other elements that decay via alpha, have daughter nucleides that decay via beta or gamma. So except in very specific circumstances (like Po-210) you aren't going to find alpha by itself, because most of the time it will decay into something else that decays via beta or gamma. If you want to know for sure exactly what radiation will be produced, you need to look at the entire decay chain for the isotope in question. As I said, Po-210 is very simple, directly to lead-206 which is stable and that's the end of it. Americium-241 (though it also decays via alpha) is much more complex, going through about 6 steps before it gets to something stable.

[@withroaj]

Alpha is simply the name for the Helium nucleus emitted from an unstable isotope seeking a more stable configuration. It is one of the primary methods of decay for heavier nuclei (if you trace the decay chains of heavy, unstable isotopes; most of the time you'll wind up with stable lead -- weird). Alpha decay happens when a nucleus is simply too massive, leaving it in an unstable condition in which it needs to shed mass to reach a stable configuration. The particle most often emitted is He.

[@JAKOB1977]

More videos with this dude.. very easy and understandable approach,.

[@mathfeel]

The same viewers who think he's giving himself cancer would be totally freaked out if someone pull out a Geiger counter next to them on a flight at 30,000 feet. They'd probably ask the flight attendant for a tin foil hat, which of course does not help, as the video showed with lead plates.

[@veritasium]

@RoGdl12345 2p + 2n makes a particularly stable combination - the He-4 nucleus - which can escape from unstable bigger nuclei.

[@Tletna]

You make a valid point. I just don't like over-generalizations (yes, even if I'm the one guilty of making them sometimes). People should realize that scientists make mistakes and often because they're the scientists they don't even realize it. That's why there is peer review. Scientists get stuck in their paradigms just like the rest of us. Even the scientific method has flaws. Scientists are just people that do science. They're not gods of knowledge of whom we can always assume are right.

[@the1exnay]

i love the part where he puts the gamma radiation to his head basically mocking anyone who is afraid of xrays and stuff like that. it is worth mentioning though that gamma radiation is all types of electromagnetic waves including visible light. microwaves. infrared. but really what people worry about is ionizing radiation which is basically ultraviolet, microwaves and along that direction (and of course alpha and beta do damaging stuff). what these do is they have enough energy to knock an electron off an atom which really messes with the chemistry in your cells. which can in some cases cause cancer

[@the1exnay]

wait sorry revision X-rays and gamma rays are both just little areas on the electromagnetic spectrum. both are ionizing though

[@RedsBoneStuff]

Cancer is basically a mutation of cells that is bad for the organism, and it could happen at any time, am I right?

[@the1exnay]

RedsBoneStuff yeah, we are constantly being bombarded by ionizing radiation. our DNA is constantly having errors in its replication (most of which get repaired). you can get cancer at anytime, however some things modify the probabilities

[@RedsBoneStuff]

Firaro Mhm, just the way I thought it was.

[@GioGziro95]

Microwaves aren't ionizing; their energies are much lower than the energies of the visible light and infrared.

[@markcavendish7148]

Very nice. PLease continue making such videos

[@kadhemchaabene318]

Nice move with your head, life would be more interesting if we tried everything new with our heads..

[@andobechayda1198]

Very helpful channel...

[@projectdelta50]

Thicker than led, but also mostly water, which is really good at blocking particles too

[@ebtisam1415]

can you help me with what the Dr was saying in 0:30 there was......... and why he added strontium in 1:50. because this will help me in translating to another language. Thanks.

[@natesmartkid6493]

"there was worse in store, there are 3 types of radiation" that means that there was a bigger problem that there were multiple kinds of radiation, making it more confusing. im pretty sure that the strontium is the radioactive material that was being used

[@Kuruharu77]

@toast1144 ok, that makes much better sense now. For some reason I always thought electrons and photons were the same particle just one was in an electron cloud and the other was freely moving as light, respectively. Thanks for clearing that up!

[@ThePhoenix137GC]

It's probably a dumb question but i like to so if alpha radiation gives of neutrons and protons and beta radiation gives of electrons is there a way to make new types of atoms or elements combining the two types of radiation? If you could "catch" the protons neutrons and electrons?

[@TheIchigo1324]

truthfuly no but in theory yes idk if they have even tried that but you may just want to search around zee interwebs too look what other people say.

[@router9717]

Bruh this KZbinr knows too much that he found a way to age backwards

[@jakesweet1000]

holding up radioactive atoms to you head, really smart

[@rayhoodoo847]

What if I told you that radioactie rays pass through your head every day

[@jakesweet1000]

@@rayhoodoo847 mans out here replying to 11 year old comments god damn

[@rayhoodoo847]

@@jakesweet1000 someone had to do it

[@Majtaxa]

Mr. Mcgee dont make me angry, you wouldnt like it when I am angry

[@EdEverhartT]

Usually with thick wall of concrete or soil or water or mixed components of the previous matters. We need a large mass of matter to block gamma radiation, of course we can use lead (lead is better because of it's atom density), but it's hard to find lead in a large mass, so usually water, concrete, and soil are used because of practical reasons (cost wise and easy to get).

[@tomdaae79]

If it were in the range of visible light, then it would indeed be blocked to the same degree as visible light is. (Paper is not 100% opaque) However, gamma radiation is in the absolute upper range of the electromagnetic spectrum and has a lot more energy and therefore "penetration power". Check the Wikipedia article on electromagnetic spectrum for more info.

[@DaffyDaffyDaffy33322]

2:15 Every fiber of my being is saying dont do that...

[@rifz42]

is the clicks from the counter actual particles hitting it?

[@natesmartkid6493]

yes

[@ericbergmansvensk6234]

from the convertion of an up-quark in a proton into a down-quark. This gives off an anti-neutrino and an electron

[@chriswww]

Because the time of exposure during his demonstration is so small the dose is almost negligible. The radioactive particles are contained in the fiberglass or whatever those slides are made of and cannot enter your body where they will stay for a long time and cause serious long term damage. It's definitely not good but it's not as dangerous as you would think.

[@dvl973]

so what's the difference between beta and gamma - since we know from quantum mechanics that electrons are electromagnetic wave and particles both at the same time? Doesn't that make the beta and gamma pretty much the same? Or is gamma radiation a different electromagnetic force that is being created? If so then how it works?

[@kkpdk]

Even if the sources had similar emissions/second, one would expect far fewer detections/s from the gamma - they penetrate really well, so most of the photons go through the detector without interacting with it?

[@Luvme4ever31459]

I know he noted dirt and rocks as examples, but do just specific things emit radiation, or does everything, but just in varying amounts (from minuscule amounts to very large)?

[@TAL1SMAN6]

I'm pretty sure that everything releases small amounts of radiation. E.G: 1 Banana === 0.1 MicroSieverts/Per Hour. Or The floor of the basement of the Chernobyl hospital, 1456 MicroSieverts/Per Hour

[@UtkarshShukla712]

I wish our teachers could teach like that..

[@sisbrawny]

Types of _Nuclear_ Radiation

[@civotamuaz5781]

stop it.

[@agorist.boogaloo]

civota mu az Stop what? These are the types of nuclear radiation (particles or waves that come out of an atomic nucleus). You shouldn't mix them with electromagnetic..

[@rayhoodoo847]

Confident Introvert isnt gamma radiation electromagnetic?

[@jc40337]

Exactly. These are different types of radiation, not just nuclear and not just electromagnetic.

[@firstlast9731]

This makes total sense now. Thanks

[@Dwarfvader172]

these types of experiments are probably what make physicists so smart XD

[@tmpEngine]

2:19 That's painfull to watch ! I can feel the pain

[@kezran4976]

Is solar radiation just one of these or all three? What about cosmic radiation? Or are they totally unrelated?

[@CullTheLivingFlower]

Blocking that gamma radiation with your head like a boss.

[@franklouuu]

The thing is that for radiation to be really unhealthy you have to be in contact with it for long periods of time. Like the sunlight. And I also believe that with an X-ray test, you would get much more radiation that with that little thing close to your head for some seconds. And the other types of particles (alpha and beta) are much worse.

[@109Rage]

Electromagnetic Radiation has little to do with actual magnets. Electromagnetic Radiation is basically light. But when we refer to it in this context, we're talking about wavelengths that are invisible to the human eye, and aren't generally considered safe. I don't remember the full story, as to why it has "magnet" in its name, but remember that in this context, it refers to light, and not magnets.

[@Jma0322]

2:17 Nooooooooooooooooooooo don't do that!

[@RedsBoneStuff]

0:25 Volume derp

[@devilbobgaming]

Im here from the future to tell you that he got close to the microphone on his collar

[@withroaj]

Protons and neutrons are emitted in some radioactive decay (though most often protons and neutrons are emitted as a result of particle ejection, caused by a nucleus absorbing a free neutron -- the neutron, of course, would be emitted by something like fission or Deuterium-Tritium fusion, which is awesome).

[@harkirat08]

OMG!!! He put the gamma radiation emitter to his head... things that people do for the love of physics!

[@JOEMMONSTER]

i have a question, why does the gamma radiation gives off few clicks on geiger counter?

[@spiguy420]

maybe because the frequency...

[@WintersunForever]

Gamma is dangerous so it was a very very tiny source material.

[@iamneoweisheng89]

it's because of weak ionising ability of gamma radiation. GM counter gives off clicks based on the number of ions generated by radiation, the lower the number of ions, the lesser the clicks you are able to hear. alpha radiation has the highest ionising ability (more clicks can be heard), followed by beta and gamma.

[@justinfuhri]

Have you done a video on thorium

[@sidewaysfcs0718]

no, photons mediate the EM force, meaning they are the particles that get exchanged between electrons when they interact. for example, in real life when 2 balls smash and repell, their momentums change . on a quantum scale, when 2 electrons come together, they exchange a photon, and that is what changes their paths and momentums , since photons carry energy . photons are also absorbed for a body to increases it's mass , or "gets accelerated", since that's what acceleration actually means.

[@PeterWalkerHP16c]

Tesla was working on X-ray stuff at the same time as Roentgen but didn't publish. Anyhoo, he stuck his head in the beam. It made him sleepy. He thought it could be a great sleep aid. Eventually, after continuing to pass them through his head and getting migraines, lesions etc he decided it was a bad idea and not to do it any more. Dr Phil continues his work ....

[@dvdsct]

If, as you said, the gamma radiation is in fact the electromagnetc radiation, why does led block it? I mean, if it was in the "form" of visible light, wouln't it be stopped by the paper as well as the alpha particles?

[@Ebvardh]

2:17 Meet the physicist, ladies and gentlemen.

[@kalsuit17]

..and now i remembered how horrible it would be a part of the cleaning team during the Chernobyl disaster lead shielding is just like an umbrella under a raining shrapnel that it would soon renders it useless due to an astronomical amount of radiation emitted by the melting core of the power plant..

[@tennisgirl608]

Wasn't Becquerel the one that the photosensitive paper and uranium crystals pertained to?

[@Micklemoose]

We are all getting hit with radiation all the time, from the sun, from uranium in the ground and even potassium in our food. Such a low dosage of radiation isn't going to harm him at all.

[@agorist.boogaloo]

Yes. People are freaking out for no reason. It's kind of annoying.

[@TheUglydandy]

NEED MOAR THICKNESS OF HIGH DENSITY MATERIALS! Lead, tungsten, the depleted uranium etc. Gold and platinum are also fine :).

[@jfusion10]

this guy has balls, putting a gamma source pointing at his head.

[@deadroses.x]

I got scared when he pulled radiation on himself

[@Ryrzard]

2:17 It looks safe...

[@toast1144]

@Kuruharu77 no, they aren't the same. Beta radiation is electron that are being emitted from the nucleus of an atom, when a neutron decay into a proton, electron and a antineutrino. but Gamma radiation is light with very high frequency. an electron participate in gravitational, electromagnetic and weak interactions, but are not a force carrier. photons are the electromagnetic force carrier

[@Amanullah-dx5uy]

1:58 Windows xp error!

[@Zandonus]

That does add a bit more sense, thanks.

[@DelphianSociety]

Very basic information but flawless for people who casually want to learn sth about radiation

[@sidewaysfcs0718]

every second, trillions and trillions of neutrinos pass through you along with other small ammounts of cosmic rays and they were still here.

[@tiagotiagot]

Helium atoms? If you put that sample inside a balloon it would inflate and if it's big enough it will even float after enough time?

[@smitasher6862]

Nice explanation

[@sidewaysfcs0718]

happens to us too , there is even evidence that high-atmosphere lightning can cause emission of gamma rays, that can pass right through the earth , and therefore, right through your skull xD the act of passing doesn't actually cause harm, it's when the rays remain in your skull, that things start to go bad.

[@Bennnnnnnski]

2:15 - 2:22, someone make this a meme already

[@sidewaysfcs0718]

i know pet scanners only detect the radiation that results from the process, they give you an ingested source of positrons wich after annihilation gives off gammas, i was just being casual

[@sidewaysfcs0718]

if it would, that would be dangerous for whoever is standing there.

[@anabeatriz860]

I need English subtitles in this video (the auto-generated English is very bad) bc I'm going to use this video for a chemistry survey (I have to deliver September 19th)

[@RobbieIsbell]

He says what the captions says, so it's pretty accurate for the auto-generated.

[@Estudio322]

so, how do you block gamma radiation?

[@tiagotiagot]

Is it still plasma if it got no electrons in it?

[@JacksonWelch]

Within one releases neutrinos?

[@lock_ray]

I guess with a really damn thick wall of led XD

[@laotzunami]

why does an alpha have to be the nucleus of helium 4? can't you have a stream of protons or of neutrons?

[@timverma]

Beta decay is neutrons emitting electrons (and electron-neutrinos but these are often ignored because they don't interact with much) When this happens, the neutrons become protons. Perhaps this is the cause of your confusion?

[@jrnascimento1448]

2:16 Did he pass gamma radiation through his head? Isn't this dangerous?

[@LollosoSiTV]

wondering the same! @Veritasium

[@massivesovietunion]

No, that's Alpha radiation (Helium nucleus), Beta (an electron which ionises any atoms it goes past but not as much as alpha does) and Gamma (which is a wave without any mass or charge)

[@88Hakan88]

I think it'd need a lot more gamma radiation to do that. Although what this guy did shouldn't be done, it still gives a very good example that gamma radiation (which is the worst of all 3) passes the body, and can do damage to the organs. While alpha and beta radiation pass less and thus damage less... Still as I said, you'd need a lot more gamma radiation or you need to be exposed for a longer time to see long time physical effects / damages occur...

[@timverma]

Well yeah, but I didn't think beta+ decay was part of your confusion. Glad you read up on it :)

[@NattieBee12]

Was it just me, or was the gamma radiation not being picked up as strongly by the geiger counter? If so, why?

[@sidewaysfcs0718]

helium nuclei and helium atoms are slightly different things my guess is it would probably destroy the baloon, since plasma usually does that.

[@AnThOnYrox8]

I've been in those rooms before at USYD :) UTS student here :P.

[@sidewaysfcs0718]

electrons are not electromagnetic waves , they are just electrons , if you consider tham waves, than you can call them beta rays. photons are electromagnetic waves , they can come in a wide spectrum of wavelenghts (radio, microwave, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays) , all are really photons (when they get detected, when they flow through space they are considered waves)

[@RobarthVideo]

Water, water is really good for this. This is why lots of radiation shelters are under water.

[@franklouuu]

Why would you let the sunlight hit you. It's full of electromagnetic radiations! :P

[@AClarke2007]

I bet you could make a simple X-Ray plotting machine using Geiger Counters.

[@Diosukekun]

if all of it goes through his head, isn't that a good sign? wouldn't it be more troublesome if it blocked it? i don't get this because i'm not very smart...

[@muqdasshihzadi835]

Nuclear radiation ka bara ma explain karo plzzzzzzzzz 🙏🙏 🙏

[@amit1532]

The sun does give gamma radiation, but it is blocked by the earths magnetic field. nuclear bombs also give gamma radiation, but dont be too troubled by it... its more risky to eat something that radiates other than the radiation outside your body.

[@wisecase2136]

This is wrong, gamma radiation is produced by nuclear fusion reactions in the nucleus of the sun, and because of the high density (about 150g / cm3, almost 15 times greater than lead), they are easily absorbed, and electromagnetic radiation, is not blocked by magnetic fields

[@willdouglas9896]

His accent is so strong 😂

[@Kuruharu77]

So, aren't Beta and Gamma radiation actually the same since photons(electrons) "carry" electromagnetic force?

[@jonbar18]

I cringed more at how the cameraman let him put the counter and the source in the wrong hands

[@DKolha]

does this materials emission end with time?

[@natesmartkid6493]

yes

[@whiskycola5185]

Diese alpha beta gamma Unterteilung ist das was man fast immer zum Anfang lernt, aber da fehlt Röntgenstrahlung, Neutronenstrahlung und Gamma ist nicht gleich Gamma. Beta Strahlung ist nicht immer ein Elektron sondern auch mal ein Positron wobei da bin ich mir nicht sicher und Bremsstrahlung ist auch wieder was extra. Was ich falsch verstanden habe war das ich dachte alles ist elektromagnetische Strahlung nur die Frequenzen ändern sich aber das ist falsch, es gibt so viele Möglichkeiten Strahlungsarten zu kategorisieren und eine super einfache Übersicht gibt es nicht.

[@sidewaysfcs0718]

dark matter is most likely neutrinos, or just another particle that doesn't interact via EM. the vacuum is something different, a perfect vacuum , still has particles in it, energy fluctuations or virtual particles , the quantum foam is also theorized to contain wormholes, wich tie into string theory, so really, there is no perfect vacuum.

[@AnnaCurser]

everytime someone likes this, they change the year

[@Mikapoofs]

This is stuff is radioactive, so lets put it beside my head. (but that's okay, it's probably not that much higher than background radiation anyway.)

[@MosesMode]

It's true! Uranium that is alpha decaying is slowly becoming thorium because the nuclei lose two protons. And don't call me Shirley. ;)

[@sidewaysfcs0718]

maybe because it's a bit difficult to get a stable source of positrons ...like a pet scanner.