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Japani Phal, Or persimmon, is started from seed. Amlook , or the indian persimmon plant is the rootstock used for best results for starting persimmon trees in india. The rootstocks are either budded or grafted when the root stock is ready. Chip budding is done in August and grafting is done in April. Best results are seen in grafted plants. Mother plants which need to be grafted should be selected with care. Mother plants should be free from any diseases and the yield should be high. Tested mother plants are required and most often, mother plants need to be from the same area. This is often a challenge. Unless you are testing for a new variety (which shouldn’t be done largescale) , Persimmon mother plants should be already available in your area. This assures that the plant will survive and have a long healthy life.
The soil conditions for persimmons are often not a concern. High organic matter is recommended and a PH level of 6.5-7.5 is recommended. Plant spacing are 15 feet By 15 feet or 20 Feet by 20 feet depending on the mother plant variety and its growth. Remember that a persimmon tree can grow to a height of 15 meters and its recommended that you know which variety you are planting and what height the plant can get to. The trees live long and some trees in India are known to be over 70 years old and still healthy and yielding. Older trees have a potential of high yield , up to 500 KG per year while younger trees do a moderate 200 KG per year.
Persimmon also requires proper care. Pruning happens just before winter ends. The bark of the tree should be removed using water spray. Though this is a good practice, it requires time and effort. If avoided, the chances of pests do increase. Removing the dead bark after winter will ensure that the new bark is fresh and free from pests. The dead bark will attract a range of pests including termites which is not good in the long run. Dry and smaller branches are pruned during this period. Trees should be allowed to have only strong branches.
In the onset of spring, New buds will evolve from the tree and this is where new flowers will set and then the fruits. More than 2 branches should not be allowed in a set. Smaller evolving branches should be cut down and only 2 branches should be allowed per node. When fruit setting starts, allow only one fruit per branch. This ensures bigger and better quality fruits in the tree. Leaving all the fruits to set will increase the number of fruits but the size of the fruit will be much smaller and the quality will deteriorate.
Irrigation is required once a month.
One of the main reasons why Japaniphal is so expensive is because of all the work involved. Winter is the only time when these farmers do not have work. Continuous management of the tree is crucial at every stage from the end of winter to the end of harvest.
From the first fruit setting to maturity, it takes 2 and a half months. Harvest is done when the fruits are tender and ripe, often reddish in color. Fruits that are not soft will usually be astringent and not suitable for consumption. Some non astringent varieties are excellent even when not completely ripe. The fruits are very soft and can be scooped of with a spoon when fully ripe. They are chalky in texture when they are not ripe and the non astringent varieties, though consumable, do not develop the desired taste unless tender.
The fruits have a good shelf life of up to 2 months if stored in temperature between 0 and 2 degrees. They can also be dried in shade with proper ventilation. Traditionally, the persimmon fruit is stringed by the pedicel and hung in a well ventilated room until the water content is removed.
Persimmon fruits have high sugar content up to 20%. When dried the sweetness increases and makes the fruit even better for those with a sweet tooth. The fruit is used for baking and a range of confectioneries. But in india, the fruit is consumed mostly fresh and in parts where they are cultivated, also dry.
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