There is a video thats raw of this performance where its focused solely on the artists, its probably a better fit for coaches to see better to analyze whats happening vocally. I have questions lol. I almost wish you could revist.Just to expand lol Just to preface ,both these artists are on my list of absolute favs. I'm from the US (discovered both over two years ago). I've heard Morissette live twice (stunning!) Regine is on my bucket list, but from all sources I've encountered she is unreal live. To my questions: I've heard close to all of Morissettes performances available. Her range of styles is quite expansive, when she sings Mariah she goes full out and tries to stick to Maiahs blueprint for her songs. Case in point with "My All" her artistic choices are pure Mariah (that going in and out of falsetto) Many advise if you're going to cover a big artist it's best to maintain the integrity of the song and infuse bits of yourself unless you can "surpass" the original. I was wondering your thoughts on that. (For the record I loved what she did here. ) As for Regine. Shes actually a mentor to Morissette, which is why the relationship is so genuine! Regine is 49 and is legendary! She has been singing all of her life. Her career has been mostly based in the Philippines but she has also worked with some of the most respected composers around (Particularly the late Michel Legrand, composer, conductor musician, who worked with the likes of Barbara Streisand , he found Regine on that same level) Throughout all those years, countless concerts, albums, guestings all LIVE singing, her voice has held up and frankly is fantastic, considering the vocal expenditure she has put forth for all that time. Usually with artists like her there's marked decline. We just don't see that with her. She doesn't lower keys, she still hitting those notes as you see here. Why do you think she has maintained this while others with similar years behind them have not? Enjoy these artists on your channel hope to see both more! I apologize in advance for bombarding you with these questions! Lol
@DrMarcReynolds5 жыл бұрын
Excellent questions. No apologies needed. Bombard away. The cover question : I think the question of what to do with a cover is better addressed on the artistic level than a "do this" or "do that" level. Let me explain - The original artist hopefully chose to sing a certain way because of what it made them think of and feel and what context it evoked in their own mind. If another singer tries to reproduce the exact same sound it will always be less than the original unless they can really remake every single choice. If they go through the process of really understanding why they are doing what they are doing and making deliberate choices they won't be able to help but do it a least slightly different. So what do I recommend - make it your own then it doesn't become a matter of "surpassing" the original you are just making your own unique form of expression through the song that has value in itself. HOW DO I MAKE IT MY OWN? That is the REAL question I think. The audience thinks it is about new riffs, or changing a certain percentage of the notes or something else like that but the real work is done before any of that and is where an experienced coach that knows how to talk you through it is really helpful. There is more to it than I can respond to in a post like this but Im more than happy to talk more about this sometime if you are interested. Why has Regine lasted so long question: Because she has excellent technique. She is pushing at her voice and putting unhealthy levels of stress and tension on it. If someone has good technique they can sing exceptionally well clear into old age. Yes, the voice will change with age but there isn't a moment in this performance where it looks like she is really straining or putting any real stress or pressure on that voice. She has learned how to utilize the breath and natural resonance in a way where she doesn't have to over compensate like so many other singers. Did I answer the questions?
@BoraViolin5 жыл бұрын
@@DrMarcReynolds lol thank you for indulging my long winded thoughts lol. Might have more questions now lol (Ill continue to watch your channel as most likely you're going to adress these and related issues at some point.) I thought the answer would be technique for the second half of my question, but I read an article about a prominent vocalist (I wont name names) it essentially talked about the issues that vocalists with even the best technique in the world face (Opera singers were sighted as well) that threaten the longevity of a singers voice. While it did come down in part to technique there was so much more discussed. What others in this age category with that much rigor on the pipes all those years still have this type of vocal prowess? Just in my sphere (artists I listen to) I can think of Audra McDonald who is 48. I think singers in this category can really be learned from. And now Im rambling. Thank you for your time Sir! Looking forward to more on your channel 😊
@louieanthonybanares4245 жыл бұрын
Terri Bora thank you for commenting your thoughts♥️ I 200% agree with u.
@freakdoug695 жыл бұрын
@@DrMarcReynolds I agree with you 100% on how Regine was able to master her craft. She knows her instrument so well that her dynamics go smoothly and seamlessly. She is very secured with her execution of her amazing technique and consistency.
@kg28785 жыл бұрын
Thank you Dr. Marc for explicit explanation with regards to regine's technique. Most of her bashers were saying she's straining a lot n raising her larynx to reach the high notes. I am just an ordinary person who didn't understand these technical terms and your expertise shed a light on her technique. Thank you so much, regine is loved by Filipinos, she's been an inspiration and influencer that's why the there's a lot of belters n balladeers with the new generation. She is humble and success never get on her head that's why she is very much respected in our music industry.
@Zenobiadream5 жыл бұрын
Regine is incredible Fantastic reaction video Thank you
@MrDeimos055 жыл бұрын
this is the kind of reaction i want to see and listen to. thank you for the free vocal lessons you shared. i loved it. thank you a million times.
@alvinalcantara20095 жыл бұрын
You are the most technical "reactor" I have watched so far. I'm learning much from you. Thank you.
@sigreudfrancois14665 жыл бұрын
Exactly! same thoughts here
@morified92905 жыл бұрын
Technical but bias.
@Rosannasfriend5 жыл бұрын
Yes! The best medley duet ever!
@Rosannasfriend5 жыл бұрын
That was vocal fry that Regine did for the end of "never too far".
@lorimondejar56445 жыл бұрын
Regine is Asia Pacific Vocal champion and dubbed by her fellow Asian Superstar as Diva of all Diva. Koreans dubbed her PHILIPPINES Singing Angel, French Master musician Mitchel Legrand said Singing with Regine is in Heaven. He even compared Regine to’ Barbra Streisand.
@xanderford58495 жыл бұрын
I cant believe this is free. Thank you so much.
@caroleisthename075 жыл бұрын
She wasnt struggling. Shes just having the emotion and try to imitate how Mariah Carey sings this song
@ahmeddamdami55693 жыл бұрын
+ the song is just a monster to sing, she did great knowing that she actually sang it the way mariah sings it and not do the easy thing
@RENANTEJRBACAY5 жыл бұрын
Two great singers in the Philippines reacting by nerd reactor...😂😂😂
@jhovenmabaquiao32965 жыл бұрын
And this is you being an idiot 😘
@dennisseraspe20793 жыл бұрын
korek indeed .. hahahaha ..
@francisgomgom-ojr4593 жыл бұрын
Pwede ka din naman maging vocal coach mag react ka lang tapos gawin mo yung title na VOCAL COACH REACT TO TAAE
@shaillamaeb.revilla79492 жыл бұрын
@@francisgomgom-ojr459 Yes you can but unlike this dude here you won't make any sense and you won't give justice to your title ✨Vocal Coach Reacting to Morissette✨
@marymake94855 жыл бұрын
She is the Queen of Philippine Music! The Philippines Best Selling Artist of All Time The Concert Queen, Box office Queen ! The Legendary Songbird of Asia The Barometer of Singing The one True Queen Regine Velasquez!
@astervirgo34115 жыл бұрын
Wow.. i like this vocal coach because I heard the positive and negative of your vocal analysis of their performance... very honest.
@sigreudfrancois14665 жыл бұрын
true
@maddisongrey71655 жыл бұрын
Please react to regine velasquez 1. Pieces of sky 2. What kind of fool am i 3. I dont wanna miss a thing 4. Twenty concert i believe 5. Reason 6. All the man that i need 7. Whenever you call feat with budakhel 8. It might me you 9. Go the distance Please
@lancewesley5515 жыл бұрын
Maddison Grey Include also her OPM songs Shine Dadalhin On the wings of love Sana maulit muli Linlangin Pangarap Ko ang Ibigin ka
@lancewesley5515 жыл бұрын
And Love me again ( wearing orange dress)
@mixedvlogs49855 жыл бұрын
Yesssss please!!!!!!!
@christopersasot32045 жыл бұрын
He completely ignored the whistle register :)))
@igybulsen51595 жыл бұрын
TIGNAN MO UNG MUKHA NYA KAPAG PINAPANOOD NYA C SOYHANG COMPARE SA MUKHA NYA KAPAG PINAPANOOD NYA C MORI NAKAKAINIS LOL I HAVING A BAD FEELING ON HIM HAHA 🙃
@sigreudfrancois14665 жыл бұрын
Yup! hndi kase pamantayan sa pagkanta ang pag whisle daw. kung baga sa gamit accessories lang sya. though hndi lahat nakakapag whistle pero hndi din masasabi na ikaw na ang the best por que nakaka whistle ka.
@morified92905 жыл бұрын
Sigreud Francois bitter mo friend
@igybulsen51595 жыл бұрын
@@morified9290 💖
@sigreudfrancois14665 жыл бұрын
@@morified9290 Ui hndi naman, yun eh base din sa mga vocal coaches. hindi daw pamantayan sa pagkanta ang whistle. no hard feelings po, i like Mori, please no hate.
@lancewesley5515 жыл бұрын
Plsss. React more on Regine. I know you will love it and surprise with her vocal techniques
@NurseGener5 жыл бұрын
Regine Velasquez is the BEST SELLING ARTIST OF ALL TIME IN THE PHILIPPINES. She is already 49yo on this video and yet she still the voice to beat not only in the Philippines but in the entire Asia Pacific.
@Marco-el2he5 жыл бұрын
Sohyang just laughed at that last statement
@kurisuchin015 жыл бұрын
@@Marco-el2he No hate. Love both Regine and Sohyang.
@mrbrightside60955 жыл бұрын
Ken Harry Ehem... Lea Salonga!
@nyonyangnyunognyata45964 жыл бұрын
So hyang struggling in that song haha
@Genesis-nq9wj5 жыл бұрын
i think ur d best vocal teacher so far...
@ammyquintos68625 жыл бұрын
Info overload but I am loving it. I am learning a lot. Thank you very much, doc.
@Syraxes0054 жыл бұрын
Huminga pa lang si Mori ang dami ng sinabe ni kuya. Literal na reaction video.
@ahhgali89295 жыл бұрын
Regine is the Queen of PH music.
@sigreudfrancois14665 жыл бұрын
Very technical and detailed comments! this is why Regine Velasquez is the best!
@CoffeeMagical5 жыл бұрын
I read your CV and it’s impressive. Please react to Regine Velasquez singing Sometime Somewhere and A Piece of Sky. Love to hear your thoughts on her performance. Cheers
@urielxrated5 жыл бұрын
Just so you know, I subscribe because of Regine Velasquez.. She is the Queen of all Singer's here in Philippines.
@xoxoxoxo83445 жыл бұрын
Abella Benigno arrogant fck this channel dont need u
@marymake94855 жыл бұрын
Un know? We don’t need you too!
@blackmamba34375 жыл бұрын
the hell i care lol
@cyberaddictful5 жыл бұрын
how about making more videos of ms regine velasquez and analyze her technically, we are always in awe everytime she belt high notes......there is also this urban legend that she recently claimed true that her father used to dip her in beach up to her neck and make her practice sing(or some say how her father trained her)
@CoffeeMagical5 жыл бұрын
I learned so much about singing technique on this video. Great amazing! I subscribed because I admire the knowledge and expertise you showcase.
@bryangenotiva4 жыл бұрын
React to regine Velasquez What kind of Fool I am.. It makes a good vocal analysis for you...
@christianmedina97255 жыл бұрын
I wish Vocal Coach react to another vocal coach reacting to a Video.
@abbybonete92995 жыл бұрын
Haha 😂
@ericcogay37355 жыл бұрын
Agree...
@FernandezAndrewAnun5 жыл бұрын
Haha
@blackmamba34375 жыл бұрын
LOL
@rhodzmonserate25444 жыл бұрын
Why can't this reactor just listen the whole song before he reacts..
@markvenus58765 жыл бұрын
Am i the only one noticed his eyelashes? 😅✌🏻
@rainieresguerra74865 жыл бұрын
Two of the best singers the Philippines and Asia have ever produced. Awesome review. Thank you.
@xoxoxoxo83445 жыл бұрын
Rainier Esguerra morissete is still a newbie wala pang nararating bagal mag produce ng mga bagong kanta kase hindi sya mabenta and regine is laos na
@marymake94855 жыл бұрын
Un know? Talaga bang Laos Sunod sunod ang Concert tapos Queen of Philippine Music pa ! Reynang reyna ng network ng idol mo haha’ Highest Paid singer! Yan!
@Rosannasfriend5 жыл бұрын
Wow! I have learned so much new stuff from this one video! I thought that there was only one way to work with your sinuses, and that's the way Morisette does it. I try to "lift up my dimples", as if I'm trying to smile. You've taught me a new way, which Regine does. I will now practice both. How do you suggest "pinching your dimples" without using your fingers? Thank you.
@jericmacaspac65815 жыл бұрын
Finally I found like this vocal coach.... Please react to morissette amon on wish 107.5 -against all odds -Rise up -never enough -akin ka nalang Pls. Sir..
@kennethsoshi035 жыл бұрын
*Please do reaction of Mariah Carey - If It's Over live at the Grammys 1992. Arguably that's the best Grammy performance EVER. 😊*
@Matt-hn4zc5 жыл бұрын
KennethSNSDSone SMTOWN PLEASE HAVE HIM DO THIS
@Matt-hn4zc5 жыл бұрын
HE WILL LOVE IT
@Santti.G3 жыл бұрын
Gorgeous performance, I can feel the pain
@madhaimin4324 жыл бұрын
Sir, you said "to has" what? you should know that infinitives are compose of "to" plus the "basic form of a verb" technical pala a.😑
@jiromarc78735 жыл бұрын
Hi doc...I'm curious, who are the famous singers you have coached so far? thanks. :)
@marvindominguez43285 жыл бұрын
Hahahaha
@blackpinkistherevolution725 жыл бұрын
Nice question! Hahaha
@johnchristopherauditor21405 жыл бұрын
Hahahaha.
@marymake94855 жыл бұрын
Himself lol 😎
@blackpinkistherevolution725 жыл бұрын
Grabe kayo kay doc. HAHAHHAA! 😂😂 nagiisip pa din sya kung sino
@victoriotroyo69645 жыл бұрын
New subscriber here. Thank you. more of Morissette pls......
@MyOpinionsOnly5 жыл бұрын
More of Regine please!!!
@shourankun15 жыл бұрын
I agree with ur coment regarding the background singers. It feels like they want to become soloist in their approach in placing their voices.
@parasapagbabago64335 жыл бұрын
When it comes to music... I hate Analysis..... Music is supposed to be enjoyed not analysed by some people who do not have enough ability to be a great singer...
@mixedvlogs49855 жыл бұрын
The mother of all Queens and Princess in the Philippines she’s the Asia’s SongBird Velasquez. The Queen Asia’s Phoenix And the most talented Amon. 😘😘😘😘
@ishtine3005 жыл бұрын
your eye brows is on flick!! 😮 i was amazed!
@Rosannasfriend5 жыл бұрын
So, even at the subtle beginning of a song, you can't forego the proper vocal tract position at the oropharynx, abdomen,ribs, etc. that will take getting used to. I think I already do it that way, but hearing you say how important it is makes it a little scary. Lol.
@vicentealbertoluislazo79744 жыл бұрын
I really love your technical feedback. Not all praises which makes it believable. Keep it up.
@Queen-uw7ww Жыл бұрын
THE QUEEN 👑 OF ALL QUEENS, DIVA OF ALL DIVAS, AN ICON, ASIA'S SONGBIRD QUEEN REGINE VELASQUEZ 👑🥰🥰
@kurisuchin015 жыл бұрын
love this. please react more the Regine as well. Piece of Sky :) or what kind of fool I am please
@caroleisthename075 жыл бұрын
You should react to Morissette’s asias song festival 2017. THE BEST!!!🙌🏻🙌🏻🙌🏻
@doingmything10155 жыл бұрын
I learn a lot whenever you do analysis .. Thanks coach.
@Rvpaa5 жыл бұрын
This channel deserves more views and subscribers.
@adrianpaulalarcio2995 жыл бұрын
mori sang less 1min....he commented 5mins...hahahaha
@ceejaysantiago48015 жыл бұрын
adrian paul Alarcio True 😂
@zendo095 жыл бұрын
😂
@anythingunderthesun28225 жыл бұрын
Any non-professional singers who wants to challenge this guy in a sing off with his students watching? Then when he lost, he loses his job? I can... non-sense comments from this one.. maybe you only know few particular genre... shame on you...
@eloy51135 жыл бұрын
marvin salarda same thoughts . He's comments went too far with whats happening .
@rhamzellpingol78735 жыл бұрын
Please more Regine Dr. Marc!!! 🙏
@multiverse19924 жыл бұрын
I am usually iritated when reactors keeps pausing the video and give comments, but you, im not feeling that, instead i am happy with what you are doing here ❤️
@vladcampos43725 жыл бұрын
R E G I N E V E L A S Q U E Z 👑👑👑 The Queen or all Queens, Diva of all Divas, Idol of all Idols, Asia’s only Songbird... QUEEN!
@Rosannasfriend5 жыл бұрын
Two world class singers. It's funny, because I didn't like Regine's voice many years ago, but as she has gotten older I like it more. I also think her technique has improved a little bit, even though many would argue it was already amazing before. Morisette on the other hand is flawless. Well, maybe not flawless( who is?), but as close as it gets.
@sieryu845 жыл бұрын
Just react if they did something wrong not to their comfy style or how they express thru song, the deal is not to copy entire style of Mariah. You have discussed bunch of irrelevant and unapplicable subject.
@somespecies5 жыл бұрын
Still waiting for your Mariah reaction vids :)
@MegaJakie12345 жыл бұрын
i’d love to see you react to and analyze mariah carey and whitney houston’s performance of when you believe on the oprah winfrey show in 1998
@johnpaulparas86334 жыл бұрын
Can I suggest ! Finish first the video before you u react and give feedbacks , coz the video was hanging out aha 😅
@sigreudfrancois14665 жыл бұрын
Mori's fans will leave and unsubscribe here! HAHAHAHA REGINE V. all the way.
@Godisgoodallthetime.143 Жыл бұрын
You may also make a reaction video of their performance of gusto ko ng bumitaw coach. I would be glad for the positive response
@ricardodigal35085 жыл бұрын
Morissette 1 voice Philippines very beautiful voice
@miguelraytos5 жыл бұрын
I also notice about all the backup singers in that performance your right sir I love the way you react to this sir... More power sir.. 🇵🇭
@liliagarcia35323 жыл бұрын
i still believe Mori is great..
@christianlindo5175 жыл бұрын
plss react to morissette amon sings zombie
@neilallenrosales6883 жыл бұрын
Regine’s struggling with low notes because she’s a belter
@rexdaledavidkingofvalley5 жыл бұрын
Great breakdown and analysis.
@coco-rr7ty2 жыл бұрын
Next watch Gigi De Lana's version (Through the fire,Fly me to the moon,Ironic, and many more)
@18kurama4 жыл бұрын
The rasp in the voice of Ms. Regine Velasquez is due to some condition in her voice that she got after giving birth I guess. She is the renowned Asia's Songbird! ❤️❤️❤️
@HOE-wp9xm5 жыл бұрын
For me, that's the best and most watched collab at ASAP. Thank you for this reaction.💙🇵🇭
@martincorpuz66485 жыл бұрын
please react to regine’s if you go away/ ni me quetta paz and ora piece of sky
@angeladianedelacruz10355 жыл бұрын
Nice analysis. Im mori fan btw :)
@JoyMTravelandAllchannel5 жыл бұрын
Angela Diane Dela Cruz just because she can whistle and the queen can’t does not mean she is greater than Regine
@angeladianedelacruz10355 жыл бұрын
@@JoyMTravelandAllchannel Did I say that Mori is better than regine? Lol. What can you do if I'm a fan mori? It's none of your business. 😂😂😂
@JoyMTravelandAllchannel5 жыл бұрын
Angela Diane Dela Cruz is that your best comeback?
@angeladianedelacruz10355 жыл бұрын
@@JoyMTravelandAllchannel Sorry I won't waste my time arguing to dumb people like you who knows nothing but to be a keyboard warrior. I bet you're just a poor b****tch that doesn't have a job that's why you have a plenty of time commenting on my OWN thread. Anyway, do and say what you want because I have no time, by arguing on nonsense things will just make you a fool. So bye, I'm not fool enough to stoop DOWN on your level. 😂😂😂😂
@sibyl12105 жыл бұрын
Pls react to Katrina Velarde cover of Beyonce Medley. Thank you.
@gyt985 жыл бұрын
I love listening to Mori and its very pleasing to the ears...very versatile.... beautiful music or sound is in the ears of the beholder... as beauty is in the eyes of the beholder....
@herzheyvergara49174 жыл бұрын
What Kind of Fool Am I - Regine Velasquez please.. thank you
@smulemaster5 жыл бұрын
Wow... thank you for this... got some good tips in singing here
@dexterpanorde48943 жыл бұрын
More of regine velasquez please
@mercieison72415 жыл бұрын
Love ur reaction..👏👏
@pauleros43134 жыл бұрын
Because of too much talking, you have to skip some parts. Sometimes it’s good to watch reaction done by normal pipzz
@joaneugenio91125 жыл бұрын
They are well known singers here in the Philippines. Try Kz Tandingan performance . She's also one of the best ..! :)
@椎名-e4z5 жыл бұрын
Not surprised that both singers have similar techniques, they are both very inspired by Mariah! Also I'm looking forward to some Mariah reaction videos!
@yudai1125 жыл бұрын
椎名 Regine loves mariah but not as inspired as Morissette, Regine is more like Patti La’belle or Celine Dion
@xoxoxoxo83445 жыл бұрын
regine is a fan of barbara a super duber fan 😅
@yudai1125 жыл бұрын
Un know? She is indeed but her style is more like Celine and Patti
@xoxoxoxo83445 жыл бұрын
this is the regine style i know because im fan since the beginning of her career regine became famous in the philippines in 1986 while celine i dont know her until 1992 regine aint copying anyone
@yudai1125 жыл бұрын
Un know? I didn’t said Regine is copying any of them i said “like” more like similar tbh Regine is better than both of them i just see the similarities in the sound lol why you gotta be all debatable and stuff gee.,, aha you need to calm yo tits
@adrianpaulalarcio2995 жыл бұрын
am i watching a reaction??or a voice lesson...boring on the lesson part..hehehe
@rccokeroyal255 жыл бұрын
Hahaha, 😂😂😂 indeed,.
@somespecies5 жыл бұрын
Read the title.
@gangstah9955 жыл бұрын
You're too technical and i believe those observations you got there were a lil too serious.. Bet you be one of the judges in some talent searches like american idol etc.
@jfrnz17035 жыл бұрын
gangstah99 If he became one of the judge in some talent searches no one would win in that competition because he's too technical
@michaelsantos85553 жыл бұрын
Pls react to WHAT KIND OF FOOL AM I BY REGINE VELASQUEZ
@biggityboggityboo87755 жыл бұрын
Regine does sound scratchy from time to time and it's unfortunately due to her health. A few years back she had a child and, as far as I know, this left her with acid reflux. Before her baby her voice was flawless and incredibly consistent. After the baby this changed and she lost the consistency of her clean/clear high notes. Often she'll hit a high note and it will sound great then as she sustains it the vocal chords hit a rough patch, she'll make a scratchy type sound and riff out of it, as a save, instead of continuing to sound scratchy.
@AllAboutRegine5 жыл бұрын
Am I the only one who appreciates his constructive criticisms? You are so good! Subscribed! You got me. ❤
@liliagarcia35323 жыл бұрын
regine is they say queen but theres, one thing she cant do like Mori.. Whistle note..
@tjtolentino5 жыл бұрын
Please react to Mariah Carey performances! Like If It's Over grammy awards, vision of love snl 1991 performance, or vanishing snl rehearsal or Hero live performance. Please! We can learn a lot from Mariah's singing technique. Many people say she had excellent technique back then, maybe you can discuss it! Please please please
@elmerpacayra57575 жыл бұрын
Mori my fevoret singer her in the philippines😍😍😍
@winkaiking96064 жыл бұрын
Can you pls listen to miss Katrina vilarde? I want to know how you react about her voice... Coz she's a great singer... I loved her
@johnpaulcuarteros2082 жыл бұрын
just subscribe legit reaction we need to see more of ur reaction pls react to regines barry manilow medley from boy & kris ineed to hear ur reaction from that performance pls so genius reactor
@ralyrics24294 жыл бұрын
React to Whitney Houston live performance. One moment in time live at Grammy award. 1989
@abetskychua4 жыл бұрын
Thanks! Please make reaction to other great Filipino male singers such as Budakhel ( Bugoy drilon, Daryl Ong and Michael pangilinan)😋😋😋
@arlypaulmigueldamuy52215 жыл бұрын
You're too technical in your assessment sir
@eigen12555 жыл бұрын
That was his objective.
@kiharema40704 жыл бұрын
Queen Regine👑
@heyaaa35065 жыл бұрын
i dont think there's an issue in morisette's first note in the first place with all due respect.