Volcanic Eruption May Be Biggest Ever Seen From Space

In the last 24 hours we've seen a huge explosive volcanic eruption from the Tongan island of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai - the blast is so large it's easily visible from multiple satellites in geostationary orbit, tens of thousands of miles up. The blast sent a soundwave around the world which is still being measured and the resulting tsunami caused flooding around the pacific ocean.
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[@snorman1911]

Scott, this was orders of magnitude better than any other news source I could find on KZbin. They all showed 10 seconds of video and then just speculated about tsunamis the rest of the time. Thanks for being awesome.

[@ineffable0ne]

Mainstream news media speculating wildly about possible impending catastrophe? I can't believe they'd do that!

[@PTNLemay]

@@ineffable0ne Im_shocked__well_not_that_shocked.jpg

[@4seeableTV]

The imaging available today is just astounding.

[@MayimHastings]

Absolutely! I’ve watched everything I can find and this is the most comprehensive and concise piece of reporting! I’m rather angry he isn’t getting the views he deserves. 🌋 🌊 🌀

[@brendonfernandes2702]

True

[@thomashrb]

Here in Fiji we could hear the explosion, it sounded like a continuous high altitude thunder storm that persisted for about 10 minutes. There was a a standing wave that started resonating in my building, and after a few minutes the pressure from the stand waves could be felt on the skin and body.

[@planetdisco4821]

Wow….

[@Macantor13]

Yeah, we're in the West of Fiji and all of the doors were shaking, and the pressure build up indoors with the door closed and windows open was enough to start hurting our ears.

[@aurora_occidentalis2248]

Just wow... Thanks for the update. Stay safe!

[@Ottee2]

Wow, a truly earth shattering event. Ringing in 2022 with a bang.

[@chriskeene241]

Yeah we heard it in nz

[@97marqedman]

I agree with everyone else: this is, by far, the most complete coverage of this eruption that I’ve seen. Thanks, Mr. Scott! Well done!

[@stinkyfungus]

Geologyhub has some great analysis of this event here on youtube as well.

[@superjeffstanton]

Definitely not a nuclear explosion

[@arteljus983]

So basically one vulcan eruption can bring down temperatures and stop global warming? How nice! Why don't we just blow up some nukes then and stop the ice melting that everybody say is manmade and not just natural progress of warming up after the iceage...Blow the nukes!

[@joevollkommer8292]

You believe that’s a video from space!? Priceless!!

[@brontehauptmann4217]

CGI is getting better all the time.

[@briantravelman]

It strikes me as absolutely beyond belief how the effects of this event on a tiny island in the Pacific could be felt/heard/seen around the world. It makes you realize that the world really isn't as big as we think.

[@FrogHairsPond]

just think what of happens when yellowstone goes

[@punjabisoorme3289]

@@FrogHairsPond pretty much ull be a goner as well

[@brvfd822]

Maybe we just can’t fathom how big the explosion was…

[@thebestever42]

It is though. It just speaks of its magnutude.

[@theldraspneumonoultramicro405]

@@FrogHairsPond bye bye america, thats what happens.

[@-jeff-]

The sequence showing the propagation of the pressure wave was fantastic!

[@oninoni]

Yeah it's amazing. And incredibly powerful

[@harmonyspaceagency1743]

amazing that we have the tools to view it like this

[@jovan3546]

The what?

[@Chris_at_Home]

Our dog woke us up here in Alaska when the sounds got here. He is sensitive to pressure changes and even fireworks off in the distance effects him.

[@olliefs9298]

Absolutely awesome!!!! Super stocked of the quality to see the waves also

[@jnellie1970]

Scott…that was an amazing synopsis of the eruption. Incredibly detailed, multiple angles, with several perspectives. Also included scientific analysis that was second to none. CNN should just post your video, it explains everything. Thank you for that.

[@alexmcaruthur6966]

dont watch cnn they are too biased and scientifically incorrect not to mention politically

[@mrbyzantine0528]

@@alexmcaruthur6966 Oddly enough, CNN is roughly 'center' in terms of US Media coverage. Granted, that's center-right overall, not to mention the heavy sensationalism that comes from the founder of 24 hour cable news.

[@sosaysthecaptain5580]

CNN is leftist propaganda

[@SlippstersVideos]

@@mrbyzantine0528 the above statement is 💯 % factually INCORRECT and Everyone KNOWS IT.

[@SlippstersVideos]

@@mrbyzantine0528 Wow bot troll

[@johnwhitaker8383]

Scott Manley, you are my go to person when it comes to anything space related (or in this case, Earth related!). Concise, not overdramatized, full of useful information. Love your content!

[@baarni]

He's on the ball hey... As soon as anything like this happens I'm on the lookout for a Scott Manley video...

[@thevoiceharmonic]

We don't write mars. We write all planets with a capital letter. So we live on Earth, not earth

[@Ronshaw100]

I could not have put this any better myself. Thanks

[@robinorhysrhys1562]

Like to make a comment to Scott Manley: If you slow down the video at speed of 25% you could see something going into the crater/or on the point of eruption (at 7:06 onwards) Speculating it looks weird (especially for 3 main reasons - lately been hearing about Korea nuclear test(?), sonic boom, and 'no acid' contrary to expert prediction.

[@highkicker11]

@Daniel Kintigh he did not say that he said similar events caused that. so its a possibility, but considering the fact that it already impacted the weather globally with just its pressure wave the chance is higher. also please understand that we have been seeing a increase in ashy Vulcanic eruptions in the last year more ash in the sky equals less sun reaching the surface so yeah it might cool things down or it might just heat things up because of the extra green house gasses being released as well.

[@lukonium]

Thank you Scott - that was really informative, much appreciated. My work colleague said he heard it very clearly from his house in the Nelson/Tasman district in Aotearoa New Zealand, and another colleague said her husband heard it in the mountains further south. Here's hoping the eruption has done its best and the people of Tonga can get the help they need.

[@JasonsCichlids]

Around this time we were feeding some parrots in my backyard in Sydney when they all suddenly freaked out and flew away. We didn't know why. Then we noticed some of the storm clouds seemingly billowing out from the inside out at incredible speed. We had never seen anything like it. Almost like watching a time-lapse video of clouds moving but in real time! This explains it all now. Great video Scott! Amazing footage too!

[@waris4thewealthy549]

😳😳😳

[@user-vp1sc7tt4m]

The birds (dinosaurs who survived) must have an innate response to events like this. There would have been many back in the time when the Earth was younger.

[@adarsh4764]

I would really love to see if any pictures were taken!

[@davidpnewton]

@@user-vp1sc7tt4m innate response to this? Yes. It's called ears.

[@SteveDEvD]

Imagine an eruption like this on solid ground and in areas where people are living. Let's hope it's not coming to something like that.

[@imbetterthanyouis]

i live on the mid north coast new south wales australia , not only did i hear it but i could see the weather radar where the pressure wave actually caused storms as it made land fall , you could see a bunch of low pressure systems popping in to thunder heads within a few minutes of each other , it was fascinating

[@johndododoe1411]

Were those actual storms or just the tradition of labeling low pressures as "storm" on the barometer scale?

[@antonystringfellow5152]

@@johndododoe1411 In this context, in English, "storm" means cumulonimbus (thunderstorm).

[@randomdude8877]

Thats interesting, so the pressure wave alone had weather effects. Never knew that something like this can happen. Thanks for sharing your point of view on the event.

[@dirtypure2023]

That's amazing.

[@russellpurdie]

@@johndododoe1411 Isolated thunderstorms were forming all along NSW yesterday, I can see though how a pressure wave would trigger than rain to start before it normally would, very interesting.

[@educateer]

I live in New Zealand and was out walking my dog on Saturday evening. I heard a series of booms. It was very strange, they were too loud to be coming from the distance, but lacked a 'quality' of sound that would indicate that they are close. Only later that evening did I find out they were the shock waves from the volcano over 2,000km away. On the TV the locals reported the eruption as so loud they worried that their ear drums had burst. Nature truly is powerful!

[@shawntailor5485]

I didn't know what happened till next day but one of my dogs knew and had been acting wierd for 2 days . That evening he just sat in driveway looking like we had company coming .

[@juliolua2104]

Sometimes what seems as "nature" are actually ancient Babylonian technologies playing out as "natural events" and "celestial bodies". The rabbit hole is deep my friend.

[@lesajackson3880]

@@juliolua2104 satanic fables you are referring to? God is in charge and in control of so called mother nature! Ask jesus in your heart and ask for forgivness of sins before its too late. Jesus is coming He promises!

[@juliolua2104]

@@lesajackson3880 Why are you being so ignorant? I AM a follower of Jesus. Jesus never said walk blindly through this world. If you blindly follow doctrines and narratives you will end up in the fire that "burns for eternity". Don't be foolish as to label knowledge Satanic just because you lack knowledge in the matter... It only shows how foolish and blind you really are. Now run along if you don't have any real knowledge to contribute. Everybody knows Jesus is King. Be practical my young friend... humbleness may lead you into becoming knowledgeable and wise one day.

[@juliolua2104]

@@lesajackson3880 ...And if your waiting for Jesus these days when he abounds in his flock might be a signifying point for you to truly find a good church or congregation to belong to until you can begin to establish a significant relationship with our Lord and Savior.

[@NonBinary_Star]

This was by faaar the best summation and update on this volcanic event Ive seen. So much better and informative than any news source. I was becoming frustrated with the dearth of insightful analyses, until I saw this. tysm!!!

[@MarcelHuguenin]

I'm blown away by the amount of information and imagery you were able to give in this video and so quickly after the event occurred. Just awesome.

[@Live-qf2lg]

B... Blown away... 😐

[@grahamrankin4725]

Our daughter and son-in-law live on a sailboat in the marina in Santa Cruz. They were awoken by the harbor master and told to evacuate to higher ground. The actual tsunami was about 2 ft. That photo you showed was the parking lot at the marina. No damage to any boats.

[@AlanW]

Say hi to Russ for me!

[@treefarm3288]

Santa Cruz, Solomon Islands?

[@tomfromoz8527]

@@treefarm3288 Santa Cruz is a city on central California’s coast

[@ThatOneDudeNick]

Best coverage I've seen of this event. One report I saw spent most of their time showing footage of the 2011 Tohoku tsunami, showing what _could_ happen instead of talking about what has happened. I'm happy to have folks like Scott sharing good information. Funny that I learned more from someone I followed for tutorials on a video game 8 years ago, than I did from any major news network.

[@jamesbizs]

Probably because they still didn’t know what happened…

[@mikeshandtightgarage4893]

I agree this channel as well as Anton Petrov makes extremely well informed videos. Anton will be making a video covering this very soon.

[@shadowmancer7040]

Probably because they haven't figured out how to blame Trump for a volcano.

[@hleigh7201]

@@shadowmancer7040 Just give it some time, I'm sure they will!

[@anselmleitner4209]

Scott's analyses on this matter is better understandable and more interesting to watch than anything I've seen on main stream media so far! Thanks for this amazing coverage!

[@MrKylerichards]

Hey Scott, I live on the top of the north island in NZ, i heard it rumbling last night, all the birds were going crazy! Amazing!

[@SteveWithers]

I heard it in Opotiki..... Like a low 'thump'.

[@MesaperProductions]

The infrasonic noise from that has to be insane.

[@Kaslidaughterofchaos]

I was wondering what that noise was!

[@grantfryer1]

Great job putting this video together so fast after the event. Awsome.

[@PuraVida777]

I agree

[@GeologyHub]

Luckily the amount of sulfur dioxide gas released was comparatively small given the scale of the eruption. Only ejected 400,000 metric tons. Comparisons! 1980 Mount Saint Helens: 1 million tons 1982 el Chichon: 7 million tons 1991 mount pinatubo: 15 million tons 1815 Tambora: 80 million tons

[@izzad777]

This volcano is really small compared to other historically massive volcanoes. The reason why it gained so much tractions is because it was caught with HD cameras from space, and the internet. It does make me wonder how massive st helena and pinatubo would look like if we have all the satellites, cameras and sensors back then. Imagine seeing tambora's eruptions, or better any supervolcanoes. Awesome AND frightening.

[@naturewatcher7596]

Thank you, what a relieve! Really looking for a nice warm summer this year. :)

[@philipwhiuk]

Do you have a source for this?

[@philipwhiuk]

Reason I'm asking is the estimate from an Australian professor is VEI 5 or 6 which would make it similar to Mount St Helens.

[@dugundug1336]

Mt. Greta Thunderdome.. 1 billion with a B tuns of huey

[@TallinuTV]

Man, that pressure wave was the FIRST thing I saw as I watched the video. Really stood out to me, only half paid attention to the ash cloud until you pointed out how tall it was. Thanks, Scott!

[@Krzysztof_z_Bagien]

My weather station actually recorded that pressure wave too, peak pressure was at 19:12UTC. And I live in Lodz, central Poland, which is pretty much on the opposite side of the planet (over 16000km) :O

[@Jim-be8sj]

Wow. Incredible!

[@trevormiles5852]

Civil Engineer here. Love that. Thank you for sharing.

[@ZebaKnight]

Please add my "Wow!" to Jim's below! Amazing.

[@MesaperProductions]

😲

[@Krzysztof_z_Bagien]

It also recorded secondary wave, about 5 hours 30 minutes later - I mean it's the same wave, but this time comming from the other side, taking the longer path around the globe (24000km).

[@DennisGentry]

This shows our progress as a space-using species. The globe finally has good enough imaging coverage that an explosion like this is well recorded, and, the imagery is available outside the military. I was downwind of Mt. Saint Helens in 1980, and we didn't have the technology for images like this.

[@benbaselet2026]

Well not for the public at least, that is.

[@Inertia888]

@@benbaselet2026 what was the US military using in the 80s? was it those ones that Hubble came from ? Or was that earlier technology?

[@Bastacat]

space-using species? Don't get ahead of your self, so far the only thing even remotely considered as ''space exploration'' in any sort of way shape or form, is ISS, and that thing is essentially constantly with one leg inside the the atmosphere, just because space x claims we could live on marst, doesn't mean it's happening. Also, while i find this sort of news entertaining, the truth is that at some point the cost of having ability to relay these sort of events world-wide is just not worth it. For example, what benefit did you gain from knowing about this? Other than the entitled perception that for some mythical reason you should. Explosions and events like this should be recorded in greatest detail possible, and should be archived for future references...for scientists, researchers and schools, not your random citizen at his home for the purpose of entertainment that he will gain nothing from, and most likely will forget about within week.

[@malystxy5601]

@@Bastacat it helped me to admire and respect nature more, she works on scales we hardly imagine. The Shockwave through the atmosphere shows the power.

[@BruceGinkel]

We had the pretty good technology, we we're just preoccupied with the Soviet nuclear program.

[@flechette3782]

I find it amazing that a KZbin channel can produce such high quality information on world events in a timely manner that it completely kicks the tar out of the "professional" media outlets. It means that Scott Manly is awesome, and the "professional" media sucks.

[@stapleman007]

That's because it is passion content, not grifting clickbait.

[@johnbauby6612]

I find your grasp of the English language amazing

[@josephastier7421]

GIving a damn is a big part of it.

[@mrnobody9091]

That's nearly the size of many smaller countries its mind blowing to see this happening the catastrophic damage it's doing and the sonic boom which is heard like 5000 miles away is fascinating

[@KyleDB150]

Here in the north of New Zealand we heard and felt it as a sort of distant but violent thump, as if a big weight was dropped nearby, only found out the next morning that it was this

[@davidreese1044]

What time was it? In Chch, had no idea

[@izzad777]

oh thank god i thought that was me slamming my butt on the sofa.

[@StonefieldMusic]

@@davidreese1044 I'm on the Peninsula and we heard it last night. I kept going outside to try and figure out what I was hearing.

[@KyleDB150]

@@davidreese1044 about 7pm, I think it was only heard near the north coast of north island

[@Jaredo66]

Pretty sure I head this in coastal Central QLD, it sounds like a cross between a solid tump and weird sounding distant thunder. It was only brief, no one else seemed to have heard it, so unsure what I heard was related to the eruption. Timing seemed about right though.

[@essandraecks2790]

I live in Anchorage, Alaska and I heard the sound of the eruption. At first, I thought it was our local military doing artillery exercises out at the base, but when I went outside to listen, the sound was coming from the wrong direction, which confused me. Well, now I know. Thanks, Scott!!!

[@martinvranovsky7085]

The pressure wave was felt even as far away as Slovakia (my country), which is 17,000 km away. Meteo stations reported a rise in atmospheric pressure of 1,5 hPa, then a decrease by 3 hPa, followed by another rise. I can't imagine what that would feel like in, say, Fiji.

[@mitchcumstein9808]

That’s the first thing I noticed when I saw this, that pressure waving really on the move.

[@mitchcumstein9808]

Luckily it happened under water, meaning a lot of that was steam, which probably multiplied the volcano exploding

[@nagasako7]

Imagine being a Tongan fisherman within visual range of the underwater volcano went it suddenly blew up... Rip ear drums...

[@L00klight]

Do you think the pressure wave went all the way and fell off the earth? 🙃

[@Tofi_ytchannel]

There is a video on yt with two guys on Fiji chilling and filming on the coast, when suddenly they hear like an incredibly big explosion and they shout and jump because of fear

[@dankduck]

Thank you Scott for being a better news source than almost every news station

[@greg6229]

The incredible thing with the pressure wave is you didnt need high end weather sensing equipment. It was picked up by home weather stations everywhere. Ive got a cheap one I bought off ebay and it showed up on mine in Perth Australia.

[@patheddles4004]

In Perth! Bloody hell, that's a long way from Tonga...

[@Hauketal]

Even a guy from Germany showed the pressure readings from his private station. That is 16000km away, 80% around the earth, and still clearly visible.

[@MesaperProductions]

O_O😲

[@joshpage4547]

Jesus that's scary and impressive!

[@tjakko4659]

Here in the Netherlands some people caught it with a smart watch

[@thomasbelmont810]

Amazing analysis, Scott. You tied together so many elements that just don’t exist in the regular media into a fascinating narrative. I really got to grasp the enormity of this event. It really shows that Mother Nature can shake us off like fleas.

[@vannk73]

Less than fleas, even.

[@eloishashalom1458]

THIS PIC HAS BEEN TAKEN FROM A PLANE, NOT FORM A "SPACE-SHIP."

[@vdjuvbvx]

Spam comment. Another person posted the exact same comment. Bots working overtime

[@Monkeynuts502]

For how awesomely powerful that eruption was and how close it was to population centers in Tonga, it's equally amazing that so few lives were lost (2 dead, 2 injured, "some" missing at the time of this comment). Here's hoping that number stays low, that the blackout is mainly due to ash, and that the citizens of the islands are OK once we get communications back.

[@Leyrann]

I would be surprised if the death count doesn't hit the hundreds, or even thousands. With how hard it is to establish communication, I fear things are pretty bad in the immediate vicinity.

[@hermanrobak1285]

@@Leyrann If I recall correctly only five people died in Anchorage from the 1964 Alaskan earthquake, which was *really big!* A 9.2 big earthquake.

[@trueriver1950]

@@UncommonSense-wm5fd i am not sure how that makes sense: a wiggled cable would be damaged or not depending on the violence of the wiggles; but if undamaged internally it would be working throughout the event. I have no actual info but my best guess is that the place where the cable lands is damaged or maybe even just lost power. If the cable escaped direct damage from the volcano then any damage is most likely to have been near land: that is because over deep ocean a tsunami both has less amplitude and is weakest near the ocean floor: it is the funnelling in effect as the wave reaches shallow water that makes it much more of a monster than it is in deep waters. They will soon know: there is cunning equipment that can locate damage from one end of a cable before they send the cable-layer ships out fishing. So long as they predict the same point of damage from each end they know exactly where to look. Multiple damage (three or more spaced points) is harder for them...

[@martyanderson3390]

Scott, you’re totally awesome. One of the greatest sources of info online. And very professional and just an absolute pleasure to watch on everything you do……… thank you so much!

[@1slandB0y77]

A couple of doors in my house in NZ rattled for a few minutes, like in an earthquake, and I heard odd thuds and muted "booms" during the time the doors were rattling. I thought it was an earthquake until the next day when a friend said many, many people up and down the country had had similar experiences, and that it was due to the volcano, not an earthquake. Impressive, given how far away Tonga is from where I live in NZ... oh, and no tsunami here to speak of

[@haktic1083]

There definitely was some abnormal tides/small tsunamis, quite a big surge around the Coromandel. Definitely helped by the storm surge the from the cyclone.

[@trueriver1950]

Pedantically of course if the ground moved detectably it was a seismic event and arguably an earthquake: one caused by a volcano rather than a fault-slip event. Edit to add: Indeed with a volcano in a fault zone it is also plausible that a fault slip triggered the volcano anyway

[@Rickyrab]

You should look up the history of Krakatoa and Tambora. Those eruptions also gave off widely heard booms.

[@thatkiwi8378]

We had a 5.8 Magnitude Quake Here in Wanganui

[@Giul_i0]

we did hear them too in Napier! A huge thud noise like a bomb. I even went outside to see if maybe a building or somthing had collpased.

[@HearTheLarkAndHarken]

Went searching for some info on this, came across the most thorough, interesting, well presented and informative video I could really have hoped for. Kudos, top work.

[@timothyw7742]

I'm living out in Okinawa, Japan, and we got the tsunami sirens and warnings around midnight. It's interesting how far the pressure waves travel and how something so far away has that amount of impact. Thank you for the great video! New subscriber

[@keithdon3313]

Bombs in the ocean. The presented graphics... are graphics.. People looking at the image as tho its real lol... Its a model.

[@dogwalker666]

@@keithdon3313 nope the explosion was too big to be a man made explosion, it is real! You can get the images directly from the satellite yourself!

[@biggiesmalls7939]

@@keithdon3313 What are you talking about? The "graphics" are 100% real, they're recorded from satellites lol

[@keithdon3313]

@@dogwalker666 the satallite images arent real. But its good distraction as sokn as people are waking up to Covid lies.. Same people giving you the story.

[@keithdon3313]

@@biggiesmalls7939 good luck with that. No better than PS5 graphics of hollywood movie 10years ago

[@ReasonMakes]

Love how thorough you are, and how everything has substance. High quality stuff. Thanks.

[@jessc3007]

I live on the north eastern coast of New Zealand and it's hard to describe what I was hearing last night a couple of hours after this event. Not really loud, but deep thumping, sort of like someone living a floor above you stomping around and dropping things.. except outside, and coming from the ocean, for about 10 minutes (and it could've been longer, it was already going on when I went outside and I stayed until it stopped.)

[@15gamershaven89]

I heard it all the way in Alaska. Sounded like someone stomping on the roof

[@jessc3007]

@@15gamershaven89 It's amazing it went that far. I guess I'm not surprised though, looking at that shock wave.

[@jnellie1970]

Incredible indeed.

[@CeladonHairExtraordinaire]

Here in NZ too but sadly I didn't know about the eruption until afterwards!

[@tomB-A]

I’m in New Plymouth, and definitely heard it last night. It sounded like a distant cannon/thunder from here. No idea what it was till this morning. Amazing thing to hear.

[@DrJosh2]

I absolutely heard it from Anchorage. My personal weather station showed a pressure spike as well. My mind is still blown about this…

[@nagasako7]

USAF/USSR: 'We humans make some big nuclear bombs" Tonga: Hold my hidden underwater super volcano

[@Walteralexander1]

Now imagine if the super volcano in Yellowstone erupts

[@obsidianmoon13]

That's crazy. I live in the US, and I think I felt the pressure wave. I was born disabled and had to have surgery a lot when I was young. I developed severe arthritis in my feet and ankles before I hit puberty. Whenever there is a big pressure change, my feet and ankles always hurt. Earlier today, out of the middle of nowhere, they started hurting like hell. It felt like someone was taking a hatchet to my shin bones. Watching the chart at 3:36 the time coincided with the time the pressure wave hit my location. At least now I know why they hurt.

[@demilishing]

That's a crazy story! Thank you for sharing it with us :) I'm so sorry to hear of your condition, I wish the best for you!

[@SylveaSparkle]

Similar thing happened to me. When there are sudden atmospheric pressure changes, I get migraines. Yesterday, at around the time this would have hit me here in Canada, I got an incredibly bad migraine.. Just watched this video now and had that thought.. Could be a coincidence, but yeah, it took me out for the rest of the day.

[@jamesmartinez991]

Well done Scott. Much better than anything i have seen on you tube. I didn't realize that Santa Cruz was affected. I was just in Capitola last week too.

[@tater7271]

It's a strange time when I have to come to Scott Manley's KZbin channel to get actual news. Thanks Mr. Manley.

[@othermichigansaturn]

I'm certain that I am not alone in saying that I really appreciate your acumen in collecting, analyzing, and presenting information about highly-relevant topics. You're among the best on this platform. Cheers, sir!

[@juliolua2104]

I seemed to sense that... I just subbed after this video presentation. 👍🕯️💯✊

[@Aaron628318]

Absolutely, you're definitely not alone. No waffle either, straight to the point, here's what we know, and how we know it.

[@juliolua2104]

@Brandon G They want us to think Nuclear but the they are really warring man's capability of connecting to God source and attacking the temple of God (a human being). They've been scaring the world's population with Nuclear War by playing "war games"... "they" hold all the cards in the deck and act like their each independent sovereign Nations when in reality each country responds to the Illuminati global Corp to progress a Satanic Agenda.

[@johnladuke6475]

What an immense amount of power that shock wave shows. It's such a huge event that the footage almost feels like a special effects sequence from a movie. I'm really curious whether this means that those islands around the caldera are suddenly gone, or suddenly much larger.

[@Jadefox32]

No they're still there it would just depend on a ton of stuff going on for that to happen in which case the Tsunami around the Pacific rim would have been FAR worse as it entirely depends on how much water is displaced.

[@jnellie1970]

Excellent points…

[@Dragrath1]

Based on Geology Hub channel's coverage of this most of the island(s) was destroyed

[@jimmyseaver3647]

@@Dragrath1 The island the volcano itself is on is likely gone. However, the surrounding islands aren't, in spite of the tsunamis that hit them.

[@stevenfarrow2377]

@@jimmyseaver3647 two small (uninhabited thank God) islands were completely eroded away based on some satellite photos. I'd link you a source, but I can't find the tweets again.

[@charlesknight5140]

Showing LOVE for the channel thank you and have a Blessed day everyone. Prayers to all of us

[@bersl2]

I still can't get over how massive the shockwave appears from orbit. You can see it affecting clouds unrelated to the volcano.

[@stardolphin2]

The view from lower orbiting ISS (on whatever passes brings that area into their daytime line of sight) must be like viewing hurricanes...astounding, until you consider those in danger below.

[@jacob_90s]

Saitama would be proud

[@TheSpacecraftX]

Crazy you can even measure it across the American continent.

[@dirtypure2023]

@Bobb Grimley The satellite POV is across thousands of kilometers. "Slow" is quite the relative term at that scale.

[@dougaltolan3017]

@Bobb Grimley you best read a dictionary before shooting your mouth again.

[@thoward0]

What impresses me more than the event itself it just how well monitored it is and all the different telemetry picked up.

[@glenchapman3899]

I would pay money to see the look on the faces of the guys at the nuclear blast monitoring center when that data hit their system lol

[@DavidSomersHarris]

Lots of people here in Japan got Tsunami alerts on their phones. Thanks for this impressive analysis explaining the phenomenon that caused it. Like many other commenters said, this is much higher quality than most news coverage, and published with impressive speed!

[@calebsalyards8076]

I figured if you made a video on this at all, we'd see it tomorrow or Monday at the earliest. Huge thanks for getting so much data and amazing imagery together so quicky!

[@JevinJohnson-CloudShift]

An interesting fact: 0:04 you can see the pressure wave and the shadow of the earth in the same shot. what is interesting is that you can see the earth's shadow moving faster than the shock wave. The speed of sound is 1,234.8 km/h, whereas the earth rotates at 1,670 km/h

[@fpvangel4495]

There is 0 earth rotation.

[@plark7323]

@@fpvangel4495 0 rotation huh.... interesting please explain more

[@KHZ555]

@@plark7323 ok if the earth is spinning at 1k miles per hour and we are hurtling around the sun at over 400k per hour While the sun is storming through the universe at 666k miles per hour.... check out the 666 number why have we seen the same constellations for centuries. Can you explain that to me ????

[@gabrielstraus4116]

@@KHZ555 the stars we see are light years away, they are mostly part of the Milky Way, the galaxy our Solar System is in. They are moving too, just as our Sun is. The whole Galaxy rotates on itself, doing one full rotation every 220 million years

[@musaran2]

Thx for pointing this out.

[@DanielJamesCollier]

I love how fast you can get out an informative video. No fancy graphics needed

[@timgleason2527]

Nature made all the fancy graphics we needed this time

[@antigarathorn]

The best chronological description of the Honga eruption ever seen. Thank you, Scott!

[@TimBiesiek]

We heard the pressure surges in New Zealand - 3000Km away! Heard them that evening, about 2 hours after the actual eruption. They sounded like people jumping on a wooden floor across the road, or distant explosions, didn't know what it was until later that evening. Also a tsunami hit northern NZ that night, and did millions of $$ of damage to one of our marinas. Must have been absolutely insane for the people of Tonga!

[@kenmacfarlane8744]

It's reported that a number of Tongans were badly shaken by the whole episode.

[@SkipFilmProductions]

Yep thats it

[@Lazydaisy646]

@@kenmacfarlane8744 naughty.. people lost their lives ..

[@rockhardcelery1214]

@@redspotaudiook

[@ultrabailey]

@@redspotaudio 😴😴

[@JeremyEllwood]

This is legit the best video I saw on this. No other video put me in awe like this one did. Thanks, Scott!

[@BjrnRemseth]

Also, for the first time I actually got the feeling the astronauts all describe: The atmosphere is so incredibly thin. This huge explosion essentially hits the top of the troposphere and spreads out. It also goes bit into the stratosphere, and above that level there isn't that much more (a few percent of the total atmosphere). It's a very thin and fragile layer.

[@ajaykumarsingh702]

But atmosphere is constantly restored by undervent gases.

[@SkyFireYZ]

@@redspotaudio You might want to be taught by books that arent outdated by 2000 years

[@spiritualhealingisrael1873]

Ajay kumar I was looking for a comment by a person who’s mind set i know

[@ls200076]

@@redspotaudio I see, so your way of thinking is just like ISIS? Incredible.

[@saralhandley]

Slow the frames down at 2.07 and slow it as slow as you can you can see something entering the ocean might be a missile. might not be natural you make your own judgement

[@MotorStorm]

This is the best report I've found about this event, well documented and no BS

[@artemiosandoval2032]

I heard the sonic boom from this all the way here in Alaska, a lot of other people in my town heard it as well. It sounded like a large firework went off, it was followed by rumbling that sounded like thunder.

[@TheOriginalFaxon]

Wild ain't it? Just think how insane it was for those living in Tonga. This is the closest that anyone born since the nuclear test bans, will get to hearing or otherwise experiencing something on the scale of a nuclear blast (assuming nobody decides to launch one). Just think how much more intense it would have been if it happened in Alaska. 80% of the volcanoes in the US, and 8% of those in the world, are in Alaska, mostly along the Aleutian archipelago. It'll probably happen at least once within your lifetime if you live there long enough. There's minor eruptions there basically annually already

[@travcollier]

I'm seeing a lot of credible reports from Anchorage as well as it showing up on weather stations. My guess is that the geography there amplified it... yall do live in a big half-bowl after all ;)

[@schlenbea]

That is amazing how much power was involved to hear it from there. What city are you in?

[@lufie56]

It’s crazy to see the shockwave/pressure wave (whatever it’s called) spreading from the explosion. To see all that energy spread out is insane.

[@eloishashalom1458]

THIS PIC HAS BEEN TAKEN FROM A PLANE, NOT FORM A "SPACE-SHIP."

[@Panzer-535]

@@eloishashalom1458 From* and it's from a Satellite. airplanes don't fly that high up. but good try buddy

[@brunodinis7454]

@@eloishashalom1458 what kind of drugs are you on?

[@CC-mm3bl]

Look we aint buying the flat earth psyop. Ok now go away

[@HanSolo__]

Can you imagine the pressure jumping up and down in central Europe caused by this event made my head attempt to explode in pain?

[@Keldor314]

One amazing thing is that even here in the middle of the USA, the pressure wave was just strong enough to register on consumer weather stations. I looked at some of the stations people have set up in my neighborhood over on wunderground, and sure enough, they all have a small blip in the pressure graph right around 6 A.M., right where it's expected.

[@PeterK6502]

I could also see the blip on my smart phone historical data, which is logged by my home automation. The top to bottom difference measured by my smart phone was 2.2 hPa (the Netherlands).

[@Tofi_ytchannel]

Yeah it was strong enough to be registered all around the world

[@matthewbardeen4821]

The very icing on the cake is that this data basically proves the Earth is not flat, since there's no way to replicate the data seen on any sort of flat surface. And there's also no way they can claim conspiracy, since it was measured on so many independent devices and documented everywhere.

[@highkicker11]

@@matthewbardeen4821 the fun part is the damn flat earthers are already saying just what you feared. even in this chanels comment section they are spouting their excrement. is proof that the earth is round because the wave traveled all the way around the earth and still those fools claim its not like that. its just another sign of humanity regressing because as a hole humanity has had it to damn easy the last decades.

[@ksara2883]

@@matthewbardeen4821 nah, next you will hear about "big weather" faked all of this because NASA bought them out...

[@MondayHopscotch]

So nice to see a real video on the event that's not just an empty attempt at getting clicks. Thank you!

[@Pete856]

I'm in New Zealand, and while I didn't hear the explosion (others did), I have a small weather station that displays current conditions including air pressure. It also logs data points at 30 minute intervals which can be transferred to PC and displayed to give daily, monthly and yearly reports on temperatures, rainfall, sunlight hours etc. You can also select a graph on any of the sensors it uses, including air pressure. Even at 30 minute data intervals I can clearly see the shockwave, it caused a rise and then a drop in pressure of over 3 hPa. And while air pressure can change by this amount in an hour under extreme weather conditions, the readings up to it and after are very slowly changing and this is a very obvious spike, which could only be caused by the shockwave.

[@iamgoo]

Ok that's actually neat

[@Pete856]

@@iamgoo I only thought to check for it after reading that barometers around the world had detected the shockwave. Honestly, I never thought I'd see such an obvious pressure spike, especially with data taken only at 30 minutes intervals, but there it was.

[@Pete856]

@@redspotaudio Well, clearly the bible is wrong, it's a work of fiction written long before mankind had a true understanding of the universe. Now go preach somewhere else, thanks.

[@ant6516]

Can you share what brand, type or purchase link (ebay etc)? I need to replace my weather station. Your setup seems more advance than my broken device

[@Pete856]

@@ant6516 My weather station was made by Aercus and the model is WS3083, this model has been replaced by a later version. I'm in New Zealand, but given you said ebay, I'm guessing you're in the States? Mine was supplied by a local company "Scientific sales" who had them at $350NZ but they also had them on a local auction site where I got it for $280...not the cheapest weather station by far from the most expensive.

[@AbrahamSamma]

This was an amazing event to witness through many modalities. Glad to hear that there may be no fatalities. It appears that 90% of the volcano may have been destroyed. Edit: clarifying that by 90% of the volcano, I mean what's visible above the waterline.

[@aleverettes2789]

The damage of immediate shockwave and tsunami only constitutes towards a very small portion of destructive power from a volcanic eruption What's truly worrisome is the deadly ash fall and wintering effects

[@patreekotime4578]

Im not sure what you mean by 90% of the volcano being destroyed? The visible cone or caldera is just an artifact of material leaking through the rift in the plates. The Tonga islands make up the edges of the caldera and the rest of this volcano is completely submerged. So is the "volcano" the material left behind by the leaking rift, or is it the leak itself? If it is the leak itself, then the only thing that can "destroy" it is a dramatic change in the techtonic environment that means there is no longer pressure being releived at that point, at which point it is "dead". But even volcanos that have had huge eruptions and lost most of their cones (like Mt Saint Helens) are not at all "destroyed" and should very much be still considered active and potentially dangerous.

[@dirtypure2023]

@@patreekotime4578 Pretty sure you know he means what we see above the ocean's surface. Lol

[@Rattus-Norvegicus]

...but Godzilla survived. Dun dun dunnnnnnnn.

[@Jadefox32]

@@patreekotime4578 You were so close, but to add to your point the islands themselves are simply the tops of these mountains stretching up from the ocean floor. It just depends on where the vent was. If 90% of the volcano was destroyed per the OP's comment, then the tsunami would have equated or exceeded the KT impactor that happened at the end of the cretaceous. So the volcano is still very active, Mt. St. Helens per your observation is still active and in fact erupted several years back (not anywhere near the 1980s eruption the lava dome tends to pop every so often). Mt Fuji is actually still an active volcano as well. What constitutes an extinct volcano is a process geologists aren't 100% sure of though because there are numerous reasons why it might happen.

[@AmberW28]

This is so well documented and detailed. I didn't even know we had so many cool systems in place to observe the earth. So much of this went over my head, but Id like to learn so that I can understand the magnitude of whats happening.

[@karentanner4002]

A bomb then?

[@R19sianaa]

@@karentanner4002 It was an underwater volcano not a bomb you liar.

[@JarthenGreenmeadow]

​@@redspotaudio "The Bible teaches us that space doesn't exist" Then why didnt you post a single verse?

[@johnbiggscr]

@@redspotaudio then all you did there was show us that the bible is a load of rubbish.

[@SkyFireYZ]

@@redspotaudio And my teacher taught me space exists

[@pedricks4874]

Thank-you SO much for this! I had been searching for days for more information than just local concerns for coastlines 5,000 miles from the eruption and with no concern for the people of Tonga at all. Someone on Reddit posted a link to this.

[@DaveChimny]

The shockwave could be heard even in Alaska ... and in Switzerland the air pressure was lowered and then abruptly increased it by about 3 hPa. That's insane.

[@VedranCro]

In Croatia, 17.000 km from Tonga, air pressure fluctuated around 2hPa. First shockwave came from East passed around 20:45 CET (19:45 UT), and second wave came from West after traveling for 23.000 km and passed this morning, Jan 16th 02:05 CET (01:05 UT).

[@joshmcallister6529]

Alaskan here, can confirm. We thought it was Ft Richardson doing early morning artillery drills, but even people south of The base heard it coming from the south.

[@renerpho]

The record for the loudest sound ever recorded was set by the Krakatoa eruption of 1883, which was audible as far as Perth, 2,800 miles away. The distance from Tonga to Alaska is more than 6,000 miles.

[@BrassLock]

@@renerpho So the Perth Observatory will now have to hand its Gold Medal of Deafness to Alaska?

[@mikasargent1552]

you got a link to the swiss pressure data? trying to find it but my google foo ain't that good

[@ZebaKnight]

This was nicely made and well narrated. It's great to have the satellite imagery. One really gets a sense of how powerful this eruption was, shock wave and all. Yowza! Thanks.

[@supergeek1418]

It would be quite interesting to see the congruence of the pressure waves at the antipode (I. E. the exact opposite point on Earth) from the eruption. I'd be willing to bet that it would be pretty high, followed by very, very low --- kind of like a shaped charged explosive.

[@Dash323MJ]

That would be very interesting.

[@jpdemer5]

Travel times in various directions would differ with temperature and density of the air - it's highly unlikely that the pressure wave would return to a focus point half-way around the globe.

[@MesaperProductions]

@@jpdemer5 There'd be a focus-ish point. Certainly be interesting to see.

[@Hyperious_in_the_air]

It'd be in the middle of the Sahara desert in Southern Algeria. Doubt anyone was there to witness it... Not far from where the french tested their first nuke back in the 60's though.

[@spamlessaccount]

That is a great thought.

[@oldsnappysportsmen]

Thanks for the video. Waited all weekend to see educated updates on the eruption. Get to geek out the next couple weeks/months as more data comes out too.

[@InfinityToPlanck]

Very well done. Now that a little bit more time has passed some Volcanologists have put an upper bound on size. A large VEI (Volcanic Explosivity Index) 5 which for context is within an order of magnitude of Mount St. Helens in terms of ejected material. This implies that although there could be some climatological effects from the eruption it is just too small to cause serious issues. For those curious the Mount Tambora Eruption of 1815 is the largest volcanic eruption in last seven centuries by a large margin at VEI 7 (two full orders of magnitude larger in terms of ejected material).

[@Cometstarlight]

Everything-the satellite footage, the island pictures, the geological pressure wave footage, all of it goes in depth and provides a wealth of info. Thanks so much for providing it!

[@4ntig3n]

Between you and Anton Petrov, I feel remarkably well informed. Thank you Scott, for your continued curiosity for the world :)

[@chamberpaint]

This was fascinating video & narration! The Pressure Waves & lightning strikes, as well as the uniting of the two Islands - then the separation of them following this enormous blast were all details I had no knowledge of. Thank you for this excellent overview. I forwarded it to FB & Twitter, it’s so interesting. Great job.👏🏻💕

[@catfish552]

The visualisations of the pressure wave going across Japan is amazing, it hit the country straight on.

[@kennethroberts6993]

This is a very good report. You tell us what you know, tell us what you don't know (without cringing) and make it clear what you can deduce and what parts are speculation. This is so much better than any other story I've found on this event. Keep up the good work.

[@vincemindas]

This is by far the best coverage I’ve seen of this event! Job well done 👏🏼

[@calumwatt4360]

This is all the information I was looking for about this event, thank you.

[@tomB-A]

Hey Scott. I live in NZ, west coast of the north island, and I actually heard this last night around 10pm. Sounded like a distant, but very distinct cannon firing. A deep boom sort of thing.

[@iforce2d]

Same here, similar location to you. I thought it was either an excavator bucket being slammed on the ground, or somebody firing a gun (it's very rural here :)

[@tomB-A]

@@iforce2d isn't it rural everywhere around here? 😅

[@Drhoz]

that's exactly how Krakatoa was described when they heard it from the other end of the Indian Ocean - distant cannonfire

[@vk2ig]

I heard similar in rural NSW, Australia. There is an artillery range about 30 km distant, and around dusk I heard a series of booms similar to what the artillery sounds like. When I heard it, I thought "That's a bit late for the Army, and on a Saturday evening?"

[@ugaard]

Woaw, i love how all the comments are actually well articulated, written by enthusiasts within the same field of interest, and non toxic. Looks like you have a great communety, few and far between. Great and informative video btw.

[@gothicel]

Outside of the human impact, this event is such a beautiful thing of nature.

[@karentanner4002]

Or a controlled explosion????

[@licht6839]

@@karentanner4002 exactlyyyyy

[@tarquinfintim5910]

@@redspotaudio if the bible told you to jump off a bridge would you? Damn why didn't they put that in - I know because there would be no-one left to spout this crap!

[@bubbleheadft]

This is the only coverage I've seen that goes beyond "big boom, loud bang." Thank you for that.

[@andrewbazeley6057]

Thanks for taking the time to put this together Scott, it’s really appreciated.

[@autisticsimon12]

It you knew that there were lies in this presentation would you want someone to show you them?

[@pyrodoll2422]

Well that's the very best information on this event I've seen, considerably better than "proper" volcanologists have been putting out, but hey we'd expect nothing Les from you Mr M. Thanks very much sir

[@GrimaceCX]

Scott, thanks for the excellent explanation. Spent a while on KZbin trying to get some decent info on the volcano itself and only getting fear, fear and more fear. Nothing seems to make news channels happier than guessing how many people could have died etc etc. So shot for all the info I wanted - great channel.

[@seymourpro6097]

Unless there are radio hams keying morse then all info ceased to leave the islands when the internet went down there. With that much lightning in the air then short wave reception could be pretty variable.

[@gmpltd114]

Hi Scott, we got the shockwave here in Queenstown NZ around 21.30 hrs, took a few hours to get here but it sounded like big cannons going off in the distance. Bam, bam, bam. I hope the Tongan people are all okay. Greg.

[@rjthemoneymantoo]

I’m very surprised this wasn’t clickbait. I normally don’t enjoy videos about natural occurrences (and mostly because the footage about a mentioned event isn’t actually shown let alone explained), but you can clearly see the footage in great quality with a great, understandable explanation as to what is going on.

[@patricktennant1585]

Welsome to Scott Manley.

[@JustSomeCanuck]

If this was heard in Alaska, that easily breaks the record for the loudest sound in recorded history (the 1883 eruption of Krakatau is the current record holder). The two volcanoes even look similar, at least to my untrained eye.

[@PanduPoluan]

Yeah, they're both underwater volcanoes that excreted so much lava they built themselves an island. Then ended up in a mighty phreatic explosion. Problem with Krakatau was that information was not as easily disseminated as today, so it might be heard even further but no one paid any attention, just thinking it was thunder from far far away. Need to compare the pressure wave propagation. Krakatau's pressure wave travel all around the world continuously for at least 5 days. And despite not as intense as Tambora, Krakatau's ejecta indeed lowered global temperature by about 0.4°C

[@martijn9568]

I guess that depends a bit on how well known the eruption of the Krakatoa was around the globe. If many people heard it, but no-one reported it because they thought it was something else then you don't have much data to go off.

[@Sacto1654]

Actually, there is a far more recent example of a major eruption changing the Earth's climate: the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991. That eruption ejected a massive amount of volcanic ash and other chemicals into the atmosphere, and ended up causing above normal rains in California for nearly a decade!

[@TheGeeoff]

I thought about this as well. Mount Pinatubo lowered the earth's temperature by half a degree for a year or two. This one might be big enough to have an effect too!

[@StonefieldMusic]

And made for some awesome sunsets here in the southern hemisphere for a couple years.

[@gasdive]

I'm thinking this is bigger. Edit, early guess was wrong, thanks guys.

[@JasbirSingh-zj1fg]

Does anyone know how much CO2 is released in a typical large volcanic eruption (large enough to alter climate for say, five years)?

[@ForeverNeverwhere1]

@@JasbirSingh-zj1fg lots and lots, millions of tonnes, but that isn't the big risk, sulfur dioxide which turns into sulfuric acid is the big pollutant, it kills fauna and flora, as well as the ozone layer.

[@yoochem]

Great video! The shockwave was even measured as far as the Netherlands. Not once, but twice: first one from the east, later one from the west. Incredible!

[@pawel7196]

This was better than any news you can hear in the radio or television. Thanks Scott!

[@Glebatron]

Imagine how the Olympus Mons would have looked from orbit during its eruptions

[@Connection-Lost]

Probably like a big ass volcano.

[@mrexists5400]

@@Connection-Lost hmmm, yes, the floor is made of floor

[@cacogenicist]

Mostly effusive eruptions -- hence it being more or less a shield volcano.

[@jaysoncarter5093]

Thanks so much. You answered a lot of questions I had. I'm from Samoa we had a Tsunami in 2009. I was there, and, still have PTSD. But I'm a man of science. Information helps me to understand what/why this is happening. The optics are incredible. My ancestors wouldn't have had a clue of the magnitude of this event without technology.

[@connectedeurope]

Wow such a good explanation and showing several sources of data combined and with a normal information narration. I subbed to see what else you do and post.

[@therealanyaku]

By far the best coverage I've seen yet of the view of this event from space.

[@briangarrow448]

I live on the Pacific coast in Washington state. We got the warnings, (on tsunami warning sirens that I helped build and install a number of years ago) and the increased wave height was negligible. We are pleased with our system and the results we got from it. Stay safe everyone!

[@cliffordtbrc3696]

Wow learnt that volcanic eruptions also produce lightning strikes, this channel is amazing! Thanks again scott

[@mistysowards7365]

This was about 100 times smaller than Tambora (year without a summer eruption) and 10 times smaller than Pinatumbo in 1992 which was last catastrophic eruption of Vei 6

[@nagasako7]

This Tongan volcano even if it was technically smaller than Pinatubo in power, it seems to have blown it's caldera in an instant. Which explains shock wave like Sonic boom. All that land under water in an instant being ejected into upper atmosphere.

[@jotatsu]

Got the source for the calculations? Early reports it was VEI4+, yesterday it was VEI5 but i don't see any official VEI classification yet. Some of the geo forums i'm in are putting it at a VEI6.

[@deanerhar]

This is by far the best video about this eruption. Great work as always Mr. Manley! Really, amazing content!

[@orogenicman]

Scott, it really isn't the largest eruption seen from space. The largest eruption captured by satellite, by far, was the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. Years ago, I took satellite data and created a to scale animated gif of the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. If you want a copy of it, let me know how I can get it to you, and I will be happy to provide it, as long as I get credit for the animation. The eruption of Mt. Pinatuno was a VEI 6 eruption, while this one, at best, was a VEI4.

[@Double_Vision]

Why don't you watermark it and post it online somewhere, such as a social media profile?

[@Girish4944]

Post it man!!

[@Girish4944]

Also if this is at best VEI 4 how much of an effect could this cause on climate for the coming months?

[@dougaltolan3017]

@@Girish4944 Climate? Not so much, weather on the other hand, expect a crap summer.

[@Girish4944]

@@dougaltolan3017 right weather. Thanks

[@rafiksahraoui3957]

Great, and highly informative job. Thank you Scott !

[@EricVolpert]

As a recent Planeteer, it's awesome to see our data being used in news coverage like this, glad our EO data could be of use in this situation, hopefully as the skies clear up we'll capture some clearer images of the eruption site and can survey the damage and help coordinate relief efforts as needed.

[@MrJackHackney]

Your explanation and imagery is the best I have seen of this event. Bravo. Those pressure shock waves are going to be studied for decades. Hopefully the people there can recover quickly.