Note English ◆Explaning the difficult words◆ ●Note 1 03:04 ── Shoko ── Metal percussion instrument used in Gagaku. It is a disk-shaped metallic drum suspended on a rack called a Ka by two strings passing through two holes on the rim of the drum, and struck with two long, thin mallets. When used in Buddhist rituals, it is struck with a hammer called a Shumuku. Sometimes it is used hanging from the player’s neck, as seen in the statue of Saint Kuya (Rokuharamitsu-ji Temple, Kyoto). When the Shoko appears in the latter half of Noh Sumidagawa, the mother (Shite) holds it in her left hand and strikes it with a Shumoku held in her right hand, while chanting the Nembutsu to pray for her child. ●Note 2 03:53 ── 隅田川 Sumida River ── It was an important river in old times located at the border of Musashi-no-Kuni (current Tokyo, Saitama prefecture and northeastern Kanagawa prefecture) and Shimofusa-no-Kuni (current northern Chiba prefecture and western Ibaraki prefecture). After Tôkai-Dô (Eastern Sea Circuit) was constructed in 771, from Shimofusa-no-Kuni through Hitachi-no-Kuni, people crossed the Sumida River by ferryboats to get to the Sumida area. ●Note 4 08:01 ── 伊勢物語 Ise Monogatari ── Noh Sumidagawa is based on the second half of Ise Monogatari in section nine, Azuma Kudari (Traveling to the East). Here is the original text.【 】is the part directly quoted in Utai, and ( ) is the lyrics of Utai. Nao yuki yukite, 【musashi no kuni to shimotsu fusa no kuni to no naka ni】, ito ōkinaru kawa ari. Sore o 【Sumidagawa】to iu. Sono kawa no hotori ni mure ite omoi yareba,【kagirinaku tōkumo ki ni keru ka na (kagirinaku tōku mo kinuru mono ka na) 】 to wabi aeru ni,【watashimori】, ha ya 【Fune ni nore, hi mo kurenu (hi mo kurenu haya fune ni nore) 】 to iu ni, norite wataran to suru ni, mina hito mono wabishikute, Kyō ni omou hito naki ni shimo arazu. Saru orishimo,【shiroki tori no】 kuchibashi to ashi to akaki, sagi no ōkisanaru, mizu no ue ni asobitsu sakana o ku u. 【Kyō ni wa mienu tori nareba (Kyō nite wa minarenu tori nareba)】, minahito shirazu. Watashimori ni toi kereba, “kore nan 【miya ko dori (Oystercatcher)】 to iu o ki ki te, 【na ni shi o waba iza koto towan miyakodori waga omou hito wa ari ya nashi ya to】 to yomeri kereba, fune 【kozorite】 naki ni keri. As he continued his travel,【In Musashi-no-Kuni and Shimotsufusa-no Kuni】, there was a big river called 【Sumida River (Sumidagawa)】. Sitting on the bank of the river, he reflected upon how far he had come. Watashimori called out, “Get on the boat now, before the sun sets!” He got on the boat and as they were crossing the river, every person on the boat began to feel melancholy, thinking about the lovers they had left behind in Kyoto. They saw 【white birds】the size of a snipe, with red beaks and legs, floating on the water and hunting fish. 【Since they were not common birds in Kyoto】, nobody knew the name of the birds. They asked the boatman, and he answered that it is a【Miyako (capital city, Kyoto) bird】. Hearing this response, the man created and recited this poem on the spot,【Please tell me, capital city bird, how is my loved one I left behind in the capital city doing? I miss her so much.】. Every person in the boat shed tears. Noh Kakitsubata is based on the first half of the same section of Ise Monogatari . ●Note 4 07:56 ── 在原業平 Ariwara no Narihira ── Ariwara no Narihira (825-880) was a Japanese courtier and Waka poet of the early Heian period. He was a grandson of two emperors: Emperor Heizei on his father’s (Prince Abo) side and Emperor Kanmu on his mother’s (Princess Ito Naishinno) side. He is also named Zai-go-chûjô or Zai-chûjô, meaning the fifth son of the Ariwara family. As a Waka poet, thirty waka poems of his were included in Kokin Wakashū, and eighty-eight were included in Chokusenshū. He is listed as one of the six best Waka poets and also one of the Thirty-six Poetry Immortals. Although this good looking poet was an emperor’s grandchild, he lived freely, and was known to excel in romantic poems, rather than the Chinese classical literature which was considered to be a necessary cultural skill for bureaucrats back then. He is considered to be the model for the main character of Tales of Ise. Example of Narihira’s Waka poem: “Chihayaburu kamiyo mo kikazu tatsutagawa Karakurenai ni mizu kukuru towa” (Ogura Hyakunin Isshu Poems) (“Even in the age of the gods I have never heard of such a thing: the water of the Tatsuta river is died in red with maple leaves”) “Tsuki ya aranu Haru ya Mukashi no Harunaranu Wagami hitotsuwa motono Mi ni shite” (Kokin Wakashū) (“Is the moon I see now a different moon? Is the spring this year a different spring than in the past? All things are changing except myself.”) “Karakoromo Kitsutsu nare ni shi Tsuma shi areba Harubaru kinuru Tabi wo shizo omou” (Kokin Wakashū) (“I have traveled so far leaving behind my wife of many years in the city. Like I miss my old familiar clothes, I miss my wife so close to my skin.”) “Yo no Naka ni taete Sakura no nakariseba Haru no Kokoro wa nodokekaramashi”(Kokin Wakashū) (“If there is no cherry blossom in this world, my heart will be at peace in the spring.”) ●Note 5 09:39 ── 念仏 Nembutsu ── Nembutsu is to envision the appearance and merit of the Buddha and to use the repetition of an Amidist devotional formula as a means of salvation. There are many versions of Nembutsu, aside from the most well-known “Namu Amida Butsu”, “Namu Shakamuni Butsu” and “Namu Birushana Butsu” are also Nembutsu. The original Sanskrit meaning of “Namu Amida Butsu”: “Namu” is a transliteration of “namo” and means “I am devoted”. “Amida” is a transcription of the sound “amita” which is the common sound in two Buddha names, Amitābha and Amitāyus. In summary, “Namu Amida Butsu” means “I am devoted to Amida Buddha with an immeasurable light (space) and an immeasurable life (time)”. Incidentally, it was customary to add “Ami” to the end of the names of artists, such as Zeami, Kanami, Otoami, Honami, and Mokuami. This is the abbreviation of Ami-Gou, the Buddist name given to a male believer of Ji-shu, founded by the Saint Ippen, worshipping Ami-dabutsu. The reason for this custom is said to be that every time a person calls someone with “Ami” at the end of his name, it is equal to chanting a Nembutsu once, and counted as a good deed. There were many Ami artists who were also religious figures and monks at the same time in the fourteenth century, and they had a great influence on Japanese culture in the later period. It is said that the Ami-Gou started being used by common people when Shunjôbô Chôgen (1121- 1206, monk of Todaiji Temple) granted Ami-Gou names to many people in order to collect donations for the reconstruction of the great Buddha statue in Todaiji temple in 1183 (Juei 2). ●Note 6 12:30 ── 塚 Tsuka ── The Umewaka legend [*], which the Noh Sumidagawa was probably based on, is orally handed down in the Mokuboji temple in Sumida, Tokyo. The Umewaka-Tuka (Zuka) exists in the Mokuboji temple in Sumida district, Tokyo, and a memorial service is still held on April 15 th (March 15th in the lunar calendar) every year as Umewaka-Ki (memorial). *The Umewaka legend: In the Heian era, there was a young boy named Umewakamaru, who was abducted and his mother set off on a journey searching for him, but she found out that the boy was dead. Chūen-Ajari, a Tendai monk, built a Nembutsu-do (Hall) to console Umewakamaru’s soul in 977. It was the origin of Mokuboji temple. The temple was initially named Umewaka temple. ●Note 7 18:56 ── 倍音 Overtone ── As a rule of nature, each sound contains several other frequencies above its fundamental frequency. When you hear any sound, the octave above it or the perfect fifth above it are occurring at the same time, and you can hear them as a high tone. ●Note 8 22:26 ── 愛別離苦 Ai-Betsu-Ri-Ku ── The suffering caused by parting with loved ones, which is one of the eight sufferingss defined in Buddhism. In Buddhism, the four sufferings of living, old age, sickness, and death are called Shi-Ku (four sufferings). In addition to these four, another four are defined: Ai-Betsu-Ri-Ku (defined above), Onzō-Eku (the suffering of meeting hateful people and things), Gu-Fu-To-Kku (the suffering of not being able to get what you desire), and Go-On-Jyō-Ku (mental and physical pain). The total of eight sufferings are called Ha-Kku (eight sufferings). The common Japanese expression “Shi-ku-hakku” (struggling hard) comes from these Buddhist terms. ●Note 9 23:12 ── Noh "Sumida River" and Opera "Curlew River" ── It is known that the British composer Benjamin Britten (Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten OM CH,1913-1976) was so impressed by Noh "Sumidagawa" when he visited Japan in 1956 that he composed the opera Curlew River-A Parable for Church Performance, Op. 71. The church opera "Curlew River": Written by William Plumerper. He replaced the original story with a Christian fable and set the setting for the fictional river Karryu in the Fens of East Anglia. This work is said to have set the direction for Britten's compositional activities in the latter half of his life. Premiered on June 13, 1964 at Orford Church in Suffolk, England by the English Opera Group.
@hillsonn2 жыл бұрын
This is very well done! Thank you!
@シテ方観世流小早川家2 жыл бұрын
Thank you for watching! If you’d like, please watch another video, “Takasago” , kzbin.info/www/bejne/bl7HZHuHZ5WEgck “Hagoromo”, kzbin.info/www/bejne/oJq2pZqBaMyVgdE "Sumidagawa" kzbin.info/www/bejne/qIimc6avoZ6rbbs and "Aoi no Ue". kzbin.info/www/bejne/d6Wcf6tvZdNgmZY