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This video explains the water activity concept and its use to determine the microbial growth and food safety. It explains why water activity is used to determine the food stability rather total amount of water. In addition, critical limits for microbial growth, boundary of growth and no-growth in the case of multi-hurdles and probabilistic model are discussed. The limitations of water activity concept, such as specific solute effects and dilution effects are explained. A need of future progress is necessary when multi-hurdles are used to preserve a food.