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DENJIRO: Today, we'll be doing an experiment on water vapor. This test tube filled with water is sealed with a rubber stopper. What will happen when we heat up the water inside? When water is heated and turns into vapor, its volume increases by about 1,700 times. Since the test tube was sealed with the stopper, pressure built up inside the tube, causing the stopper to burst out. The water burst out too because the pressure inside dropped drastically, which caused flash boiling.
Now, let's see what happens when we completely seal a test tube with water in it and heat it up. We can see that the reaction was more violent compared to the earlier experiment. The top was sealed with glass, so the pressure had built up even more than when we used the rubber stopper. The test tube exploded after it reached its limit.
This reaction is the same as how popcorn is made. The water inside the corn turns into water vapor, and the pressure that gets built up bursts the outer skin.
Explosions caused by water vapor can also occur in spaces that are not completely sealed. This is sodium chloride, or table salt. I'm going to heat it up, melt it, and put it in water. Salt starts to melt at about 800 degrees Celsius. Let's put this in water. It's at about 1,000 degrees right now.
Why did water vapor cause an explosion when the container wasn't sealed? The hot salt caused water to evaporate extremely fast, resulting in small explosions. That made the melted salt disperse, causing small explosions at multiple locations. Since this all happens in an instant, the chain reaction causes a massive vapor explosion.
I hope energy will bring you all happiness. Our magic word is "Happy Energy!"