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Turkmenistan is an independent Turkish state in Central Asia. It is bordered by Kazakhstan in the northwest, Uzbekistan in the north and west, Afghanistan in the southeast and Iran in the southwest; The capital of the country, whose west is the Caspian Sea, is Ashgabat, which is also its most developed city. With a population of 7 million, the country with the lowest population among the Central Asian republics is Turkmenistan. Most of the country is covered by the Karakum Desert.
Turkmenistan has hosted many civilizations for centuries as the intersection point of civilizations. Located within the borders of Turkmenistan, the city of Merv is one of the oldest oasis cities in Central Asia. In the Middle Ages, Merv was one of the most important cities for the Islamic world, as well as one of the most important points on the Silk Road. Turkmenistan, which was annexed by the Russian Empire in 1885, later played an important role in the anti-Bolshevik movement in Central Asia. In 1925, Turkmenistan, as one of the states included in the Soviet Union, became the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Turkmen SSR). It gained its independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the Soviet Union.