What caused the Cambrian explosion?

For most of the Earth's history, life consisted of the simplest organisms; but then something happened that would give rise to staggering diversity, and, ultimately, life as complex as that which we see today. Scientists are still struggling to figure out just what that was.
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[@PointyTailofSatan]

What is not really explained well in this video is the fact that simple single celled life seems to have developed almost the moment liquid water was available 3.5 billion years ago. So it would appear the initial creation of basic life was relatively easy. It was the sudden jump to multi-cellular life after 3 billion more years that remains one of the greatest questions of biology.

[@ChristianityRecap]

Your dates are way off. Have you come to Christ yet, or still think you came from a rock?

[@Spicy_Italian_Sausage]

@@ChristianityRecap 💀💀🤣🤣

[@Spicy_Italian_Sausage]

@@ChristianityRecap the fact that you believe anything other than humans being highly evolved primates is astonishing. We are animals... nothing more nothing less.

[@samfrazee7022]

@@ChristianityRecap bro this is one of the worst attempts at evangelism I’ve ever seen

[@ChristianityRecap]

@@samfrazee7022 thank you!

[@shawnporter5109]

Unlike facebook which is utter crap, youtube may be the most useful site on the internet. Wanted to be a paleontologist as a kid, career path went elsewhere but maintained my fascination for the subject. youtube has vast amounts of material on the topic and allows the intested layman access to materials thay may have long been forgotten. Well done,,,,Oh and interesting summation. Amazing how well we have progressed in our understanding of the beginnigns of life.

[@MrKmanthie]

I completely agree with you - Facebook is really stupid. It's a real waste of time. just an excuse to stay inside and never interact with people, "IRL". You Tube, on the other hand - as long as you stay away from (most of_ the comments, one can find an amazing amount of programs, videos, movies, and all sorts of unpredictable things which people from around the world have uploaded- everything from silly cats-trying-to-walk-on-treadmills videos to videotaped college course lectures from such institutions as Stanford, MIT, (grudgingly I'll say it:) Yale (although, of course, Harvard is so much better than Yale, but that's a different argument for another time). Anyway, if you want to find educational videos about all sorts of subjects - weather/climate sciences, astrophysics, quantum physics, anthropology, etc., etc. and, of course, there are millions of songs that are uploaded either as just a still picture-video with the song playing or else the video for the song is uploaded or even, sometimes, some uploader will create their own video for a particular song and post it, and sometimes you find whole albums' worth of stuff, i.e., a whole album in one post. Also, there are also lots of movies - both public domain ones, like so many great things from the early 30s (and a lot of these early 30s movies are actually better than the stuff that came out of Hollywood after that awful "Hays Code" -that asshole who, being an uptight stick-up-the-ass jerk & trying to kiss the govt's ass so they wouldn't clamp down & legislate Victorian morals on films-which happened anyway, up until the 60s, when taboos were finally being chopped down & flushed down the goddamn toilet! But you can sometimes catch a newer (copyrighted) movie that has either escaped the copyright-policing software that takes those down by speeding up the sound or doing some sort of tricky thing with the picture quality - sometimes it's in the form of an elliptical light in the middle of the movie that can be distracting when the scene happens to be in a dark spot - say, at night or in a darkened room, etc. Or, you may get a chance to see a newer movie if you chance upon it just in time, before it gets taken down for copyright reasons. Anyway, yes, You Tube is a great thing - I only wish all the trolls that waste so much time with their back & forth verbal catfights and temper tantrums, etc. would go somewhere else - like Facebook and stay there! -otherwise, just stay up where the video is & ignore the comments and you'll enjoy the experience much more!

[@MrKmanthie]

Yeah, FUCK facebook. Bunch of idiots.

[@shirleymason7697]

I tried FB briefly and quickly knew it was a huge waste of my valuable time. Time is something of which they won’t be making more. I took a look at some of the connections to my FB, and, YEESH ! many people had posted every bit of trivia as though - if they couldn’t record each meal, each trip, each day, each breath, it hadn’t existed, and they might not exist. Perhaps they do not exist, if FB takes up so much of their concentration.

[@stackflow343]

KZbin is a mess actually.

[@stevemoyer2273]

Try TED talks. Even better

[@JayHeartwing]

The reasons why people are here: - Biologists - Bill Wurtz - Attack on Titan

[@drip260]

none of them.

[@kda5901]

all of them lol hahaha

[@somefuckingretard8289]

I'm here from Bill Wurtz. Never watched Attack on Titan just like I never watched The Matrix because if I ever talk about something considered "deep" I want people to know things I say come from experience and the mind, not from a movie I was inspired by and decided I'd become a wanna-be

[@mikepencestoes]

I have an ocean obsession 🧍🏻

[@zackakai5173]

- Yes - Big yes - I don't know, I only watched the first season back when it came out and I was never interested enough to watch more xD

[@gnzl5653]

Shingeki no kyojin

[@erenjaeger1738]

shhh

[@dinobite5209]

never knew an anime would connect me to this prehistoric things

[@Zugrwow]

dino bite I know right? I watch ONE video on the weird centipede thing and now my recommendations are full of marine biologist documentaries

[@alli3670]

@@Zugrwow LOL SAMEE

[@hemblem131]

@@Zugrwow ye the parasite thingy from Shingeki no kyojin

[@orangenade3707]

@@hemblem131 hallucigenia

[@vimalcurio]

AoT?

[@diebesgrab]

The Economist: What caused the Cambrian explosion? Me: Wait, what? The economist is looking at paleontology? What?

[@NopalTheRock]

Literally, AOT bring everyone to learn biology

[@SimbolicProductions]

AOC*

[@agnostic_man6943]

Attack on Titan?

[@vimalcurio]

For me it was a Jeff Bezos video lol but I've also watched that episode on AOT but didn't go that deep there

[@zedwms]

Nobody expects the Cambrian Explosion!

[@keepdancingmaria]

Now, THAT was unexpected!!!!!

[@williamchamberlain2263]

Would've made Monty Python a lot harder to shoot.

[@cjb4924]

I just made this comment elsewhere in these comments, but now see you beat me to it. First kudos to you.

[@larryquirap5154]

There is an intervention

[@robertbrodie5183]

It chief weapon is shells and mobility. Our two chief weapons are shells,mobility and a ruthless devotion to evolution. Its three, three chief

[@Tapajara]

Consider that the Cambrian Explosion was pretty much about the arthropods which happened because of their new found ability to produce chitin. For the mollusks it was the Ordovician (and their ability to produce a calcium carbonate shell). For the Chordates it was the Silurian (and their ability to produce a calcium phosphate skeleton). It was all about the ability lay down skeletal material and HGT (horizontal gene transfer) was almost certainly the mechanism that spread the capability among related taxa.

[@mikerogers4640]

Agreed. Former soft animals simply died and got eaten or vice versa. The one change of adding hard matter such as shells or skeletons created fossils. Just one small change and all is explained. No great time involved.

[@wombatmobile]

What do you mean by "soft animals"? How many cells were they composed of? Were they eukaryotes? What caused the evolution of soft animals? How did life go from single cells to multiple celled organisms?

[@midas01tw]

@@wombatmobile the ancestors of the cambrian fossils, no skeleton or shell, no fossils, but they were somewhat more like animals than simple multicelular life

[@wombatmobile]

@@midas01tw Were they eukaryotes? How did life go from single cells to multiple celled organisms?

[@fishwoman7825]

@@wombatmobile Best off asking a biologist those questions mate. I doubt random youtube commenters will be able to answer your questions with accuracy and explanation, you will just end up doubting the answers and forming your own incorrect ones

[@djayszxs]

Aot chap 137 be like:

[@brotalnia]

this is the kind of videos i subscribed for

[@Mrbfgray]

Indeed. And one of the most fascinating topics ever.

[@rokitman5753]

i didnt sub but im happy you did , )

[@bidnetwork.828]

Attack on Titan refrencess

[@MattJohno2]

It's the cambrian explosion! "Wow, that's animals and stuff"

[@Lucasthegreat-z6w]

You forgot the TM at the end of the word stuff

[@danifields6805]

Can we go on land now? "NO" Why? "THE SUN IS A DEADLY LAZER" Oh ok. "Not anymore. There's a blanket"

[@cafinario]

Ok, we have no idea how the Cambrian explosion occurred.

[@chimpanzeethat3802]

Evolution.

[@yahwayapps7947]

May be all animals created at the same time instead of evolutionary process?

[@chimpanzeethat3802]

No of course not. There are pre-Cambrian fossil ancestors for organisms in the Cambrian. Not many of them admittedly because soft bodied organisms are hard to find in the fossil record. Evolution is already proven to exist.

[@grinckerthesoul1510]

@@chimpanzeethat3802 Yes, simply a mixture of random genetic modifications

[@SonofJacob120]

@@chimpanzeethat3802 explain to me the evolution of the human eye.

[@LadyJ_88]

I'm almost 30 & I chuckled when the narrator said anus .... * sigh *

[@brianhackert8513]

the church people blushed and felt ashamed

[@juggalo184]

Grow up. We don't need naughty language to entertain us.

[@shirleymason7697]

Anus is an appropriate anatomical term, just like saying face, foot, knee, - go to school.

[@shirleymason7697]

Exactly what would you almost-thirty have had him say? That aperture at one end for elimination? Almost-thirty sounds almost-ten.

[@LadyJ_88]

Shirley Mason I make no excuses for what my idiotic baby brain finds funny. Lighten up Shirley

[@stankfaust814]

I've always viewed the cambrian explosion as an event wherein you have a vast habitat of plant life with no predation. Once levels of oxygen became enough to support sustained movement, the arms race began. But keep in mind, that virtually EVERY predatory mutation during this time was likely successful (or at least a large portion were compared to later where predatory niches are filled and competition fierce)

[@TrinityCore60]

Wait, that only happened in the Precambrian? I didn’t realized that took so long.

[@_vallee_5190]

Oxygen levels were higher prior to the Cambrian explosion so this doesn't make any sense. In face snowball earth was caused by Cyanobacteria removing carbon from the atmosphere, which occurred long before the Cambrian.

[@JohnStephenWeck]

Greetings all. The Cambrian explosion occurred in the eukaryotic cell based organisms, and they completely outclassed their competition (making animals, plants, fungi) leading to an evolutionary explosion. This superiority is especially visible in multi-cellular forms. This is really a story about eukaryotes “flexing their muscles” after a couple of billion years of perfecting their reproductive and maintenance control mechanisms. The most important aspect of the eukaryotes is a cell nucleus that functions like a computing system with hardware (DNA memory system, memory system operations like reading/writing/error correction, etc.) and software (the genome). The eukaryotes had built a cellular computer sufficiently powerful to reliably construct and maintain the complexity of a multi-cellular form. Thanks for listening.

[@CalvinDilbert]

Thank you! Glad to be an eukaryote.

[@JohnStephenWeck]

;)

[@gunnaropsahl5209]

Interesting! I would still like to question the claim that "(...)eukaryotes had built a cellular computer system(...)". Does anyone actually know how the information-rich molecules and the cell's information-processing system in the DNA/RNA arose?

[@JohnStephenWeck]

greetings gunnar, I don't know anything about the origins of cellular computers. But I do know that wherever software systems exist in a control system, it provides the intelligence of that system. The bigger the software, the more intelligent the system. In this case, the nucleus "computer" is manufacturing a multi-cellular organism (with high level structures like organs, tissues, etc), not merely a pool of cells, like the Stromatolites (which takes little information beyond just cells to construct and maintain). In order to construct the more complex organisms, there had to be an evolution of software-size (indirectly the DNA memory system size) so that it would be big enough to solve this problem. This includes any error correction required to maintain the larger memory.

[@MasterChief-sl9ro]

That is nice. But time is not a physical force. You need something to spur it. And you don't have Billions of years. You got maybe 20 million. As the conditions on earth for the first 3.5 billion was recovering from the formation of the moon and thick atmosphere to be stropped away. Then just at the proper conditions exist. It all just comes alive at around 600 million years ago. Mot to mention. Once you have water in all three states. You have Oxidation. Corrosion. Chlorine and Radiation. All of which would stop any cellular life from forming new features. As you get crippling mutations. That degrade the genetic information. And yes. I know my biology. As we got better microscopes today....

[@joshuaoha]

Competition really drives innovation.

[@EGarrett01]

+joshuaoha Send this video to Bernie Sanders please.

[@bakalitetrick968]

+joshuaoha competition between species, you knuckleheads.

[@EGarrett01]

m. buss ...and within species, and in economics.

[@bakalitetrick968]

+The Blind Nigga Samurai ... its just that, really, this video is about a different type of competition and a different type of evolution.

[@spensermitchell4106]

+Wissenschaftlich Bewiesen try being a little less pompous and people will respect your intelligence. Especially if you respect their beliefs.

[@Ian64]

Now we know the Ediacarans lived alongside the Cambrians, and Anomalocaridids survived until during the Devonian

[@christianv-h3278]

I hope we soon manage to fill the Silurian gap in the anomalocaridid record...

[@HotZetiGer]

they talk about eyes, oxygen but no sexual organ explosions ?

[@SeadogDriftwood]

Soft. Tissues. That kind of stuff rarely survives.

[@wonderboy4993]

Tough to study. Lack of fossilization due to hard bodies make this really tough lots of holes scientists haven’t figured out yet

[@mtlicq]

LOL

[@buckfisherGBY]

I think a considerable factor in the cause of the explosion of life at the time of the Cambrian Era, is that the earth's temperature at the time is the warmest it has been since that time. Warmer than the Eocene Optimum. There is always more growth and variety in warmer times.

[@elicurlee-strauss7339]

thank you been pondering this mystery all day and all night and i a m tired of all the conspiracy theories about it . this was succinct and based on science.

[@mohammedhasanen6291]

what science ?? the whole video is just showing theories with no single scientific evidence.... watch it again .. every scientist is just giving his own opinion !!

[@joshmarsh2532]

@@mohammedhasanen6291 Looks like someone didn't learn the difference between theory and hypothesis in school. Gravity is a theory, don't see you claiming it's not real

[@mohammedhasanen6291]

@@joshmarsh2532 … Wow, Please teach me your wisdom and tell me the difference. I think if you were living 500 years ago, you would be easily convinced that the moon was being swallowed by a dragon during eclipses, because the wise man in the village said so 😂. Hypothesis or a theory 🤔, if it’s a hypothesis, then you cannot call it science because no one sure if it’s true or not .. if it’s a theory then it needs to be consistent with the data AND LOGICAL. A dragon swallowing the moon during eclipse is consistent with the data ( the mood suddenly disappears) but not LOGICAL. Having this variety of creatures in such a short period of time with this scale because the oxygen level become higher is simply not logical to me.

[@Martial-Mat]

"Life literally exploded" _Andrew Parker_ I don't think proffessor Parker knows what the word "literally" means.

[@ducksmugglers]

Or exploded

[@Martial-Mat]

@@ducksmugglers lol

[@thomassaldana2465]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/iouln2tjirqEm6s

[@CharlesvanDijk-ir6bl]

The "explosion" took 25 million years.

[@vashon100]

Professor

[@theHentySkeptic]

most of the basic body forms (plus some we have since lost) appeared out of nowhere for no known reason in a little bit more than the time taken for us to diversify from our chimp ancestor - amazing! All those; complex organs, feedback loops in physiology, nervous systems etc - utterly and literally fantastic.

[@busylivingnotdying]

Well, if I understand it correctly, what emerged "suddenly", was life that FOSSILIZED well enough to be classified. We know too little about the creatures before the Cambrian to contrast it (with certainty) with what came after. Some say the Cambrian explosion started well BEFORE the Cambrian .. extending it to maybe 50 million years (if I remember correctly)

[@lilitheden748]

I just cannot get enough of this evolution stuff, it’s amazing, wonderful and magical ...

[@chopppacalamari]

Yes it is magic alright.

[@--Paws--]

I wonder if the water back then was freshwater, brackish or saltwater. It could be that different concentrations of minerals and chemicals affected the creatures and it didn't matter since they have adopted to their environment. The shape of a creature is affected by how they move and how their mate and their opponents react (social interactions). A predator will eat their prey regardless of shells and spikes. The shells, spikes and other limbs affect how the creature expresses their aggression towards a rival and many other methods of communication towards their mate. The size and the other augmented body parts are due to their way of obtaining food and how they move about. Most of the creatures featured in the video resemble many microscopic creatures and vernal pond creatures of today.

[@essex3777]

I always wondered if a human went back to that time, would he be able to survive? Would the atmosphere be breathable? Is the land hostiles? Where can he find food?

[@archravenineteenseventeen]

​@@essex3777 nope. We have smaller lungs and can't handle vast amount of oxygen

[@twerdeffan1080]

Wow, that's animals and stuff.

[@bobyfransr]

bill wurtz

[@itskevinjustkevin]

But we're still in the ocean hey can we go on land?

[@Jessica-xh7lt]

Thank you for explaining I was so lost

[@kunnoqi6054]

why? *THE SUN IS A DEADLY LAZER*

[@guitar_and_weed]

@@kunnoqi6054 not anymore theres a blanket

[@platinumare]

Had been watching the Beirut explosion, so when I clicked on this, the expectation that this video might mention a physical chain reaction explosion involving explosive products, thinking acme tnt that the road runner used, were pretty high. I have learnt something new and covered history for the day.

[@hm.91]

Beautiful Video! More than The Economist, this felt like The Ecologist

[@brainstormingsharing1309]

Absolutely well done and definitely keep it up!!! 👍👍👍👍👍

[@indridcold8433]

I have noticed many trilobites are found in the folded posture. It seems it was a defensive posture to protect its softer under body. I have ten trilobites. Six of them are in the defensive folded posture.

[@raziismail8230]

Explosion occur because someone turn into Titan.

[@Roger-hu4tk]

Aot fans anyone?

[@rossbabcock2974]

13--25 million years is sort of a 'slow motion' explosion. We often forget evolution is agonizingly long!

[@robertmiller1299]

They have no idea what CAUSED the Cambrian explosion.

[@generalleenknassknotretire9180]

Humans don't know a lot of things. What's your point?

[@ZGGuesswho]

but they know much, and it is proven through various causal mechanisms that are trackable through re-provable feedback mechanisms that happen through constants, like chemical action. It's an insane amount of state history for extractable data, because it's stratified, or because it is retained in genetics. That's huge amounts of backing data. I don't even know why I'm saying it to you "Robert" because you're not gonna care and it's probably better that you don't. We're fucked.

[@ducksmugglers]

Was semtex a thing back then?

[@leebomcclelland504]

Cambrian period is so cool life-form

[@maxwell71596]

I'm glad they talk about the Avalon Period in the Ediacaran Period.

[@jctutorials1759]

Millions of years ago “hey look it’s a lizard in water” Earth “NO” **throws oxygen at lizard** “No your a dinosaur now” **REEE**

[@nirmalapersaud7589]

.

[@janhoek1000]

Why is the lizard in the water

[@bibia666]

The answer to that question is : THE EDIACARIAN EXPLOSION did trigger the cambrian explosion.

[@SeaJay_Oceans]

Thank you Cambrian explosion, I am enjoying existing as a human being ! :-) It would be nice if you could repeat that, and create thousands of new species to keep Earth Alive.

[@scottdetter]

First they said, Cambrian explosion was a mystery, then said, what happened Exactly!

[@Cyberpuppy63]

It's a mystery due to a lack of "hard", easy to find evidence. a) due to most fossils not having hard parts; and b) convective and geo-morphic removal of rock and land masses due to subduction.

[@scottdetter]

@@Cyberpuppy63 there should be 1000’s more transitional fossils than there are actual fossils. I’m all for “theories” & “hypothesis” and even the word that science can’t live without namely “Chance” but the real insidious word that is always thrown around with abandon in the scientific world (and the political world for that matter) is the word “Fact”. We can’t have our cake & eat it too.

[@selfcontrol8701]

Lmao I thought the corals who existed evolved into a discount sea cucumber

[@rambiss89]

To sum it up, no matter how confidently we talk, none of us have any clue what happened except that it was an explosion of life forms. There are many presuppositions upon presuppositions in what we say but we hope you don't notice.

[@radiofun232]

A new living creature needs a new functional genome. The question is how these new functional genomes came into existence. That is not explained here.

[@ericanderson3534]

Nor is it even mentioned. It just assumes we all believes that evolution is the only possibility.

[@BFizzi719]

Evolution

[@davewilson4058]

Could the explosion have been caused by fluctuations in the Earth's magnetic field causing excess radiation from the Sun reaching the surface and causing many mutations in the lifeforms resulting in such developments? If this is a possibility there would have been multiple changes, many successful and able to flourish, whilst other's were too bizarre and impossible to cope with the existing conditions, therefore fading into oblivion.

[@Bravetrain13]

I'm sorry but do you know the mathematical odds of that being the answer? We throw out all these possibilities that have extremely absurd mathematical odds and hardly make any sense in light of what we now know about DNA. I'll never understand why we are forcing ourselves to ignore hypotheses with better odds in order to jam hypotheses with absurd odds into the current framework because they fit the dominant ideology.

[@heythere9554]

We could try to recreate similar situation in a lab to confirm or reject this theory

[@SomeCollege]

No, mutations could not have caused the development of any complex life forms we observe in the Cambrian explosion or life we observe today, including you. It’s mathematically impossible.

[@Magst3r1]

@@SomeCollege Why not?

[@chopppacalamari]

@@Bravetrain13 the more likely scenario mathematically is that all the fossils in the Cambrian explosion were already living since day one and the explosion is due to the first ever flood occurring and burying them.

[@sniper9961]

Yeagerbomb

[@jasonqian]

It's one of the most extraordinary events in the earth's history where the sea animals of major phyla appeared all of a sudden, the recent fossil find in China, the Qingjiang biota is yet another vivid illustration of this event that occurred 518 million years ago globally.

[@ashleybryant8083]

Ashley Bryant GOL 106 V1. I learned that there is much debate as to what exactly caused the Cambrian explosion with hypothesis ranging from an explosion of oxygen levels just prior to the Cambrian to a potential mass extinction prior to the Cambrian making it appear that new sorts of creatures rapidly evolved when, in fact, they had been around beforehand and just now had new ecological niches that they could fill.

[@whateverrandomnumber]

This is somewhat outdated. Newest theories go like this: there was no "explosion". Life was always abundant. It's just that for some reason have more specimens preserved from this era.

[@MrMedukneusha]

YAY! A documentary that wasnt uploaded by a 1993 camcorder bootleg!!

[@danielmilev848]

Aot

[@brugelxencerf]

This is so great. I love videos like this.

[@bitjezeverpeisek]

Do they have more videos about history? Mindblowing ö

[@SteveWray]

My theory is that the Cambrian Explosion represents the evolution of retroviruses which can carry DNA between organisms. Suddenly lots of DNA started to get mixed and matched producing the explosion in diversity.

[@duustincrawford2945]

Steve Wray evidence?

[@olfersisapotato8970]

duustin crawford Dude you don't need evidence for theories.

[@markviking7617]

Yes, you do...otherwise it is just a guess.

[@amo6139]

mark viking *hypothesis

[@markviking7617]

Thank you...

[@RifetOkic]

Where is the Link between cambrian explosiojn or any life, and the hard problem of conciousness?

[@Peter_Scheen]

Why? You refer to Abiogenesis, something that happened billions of years before that period and something as consciousness that happened millions of years later. In either case they have some compelling evidence.

[@RifetOkic]

Isn’t that the materialistic/chemical explanation ? I mean basically, how , why and when does an hydrogen atom start to have an inner experience ? I mean bacteria have maybe a billionth of a billionth of the conciousness we have, nothing as rich as we do, maybe the faintest sense of light or pressure. I mean also: this complex brain activity, or any sensory experience, why is there an subjective aspect? Why is it not all happening in the dark without us having an experience ? I mean, the matter itself is unconcious, how can it ever give rise to something as immaterial as an experience ? I’m searching for some answers. But this video is definitely interesting and all gathered knowledge is welcome.

[@Peter_Scheen]

@@RifetOkic The total is more than the sum of its components. The brain is a collection of neurons that is so complex that it now creates the consciousness. Look at chimps, they too are aware of their existence. They too feel compassion for other chimps. So, even though it is mind boggling it is the result of biochemistry. For instance, you do know that people with brain damage can loose parts of their cognition. They often can not speak or understand what you say, they can loose their empathy for others etc. It is a wonderful thing that we are at this stage of evolution, I wonder what the far future will bring.

[@ludwigjosh9619]

ITS A CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION!!!!!!!!!!!!🎵🎵

[@mtlicq]

Rock on !

[@whynottalklikeapirat]

I did. I don't want to divulge too much, but it involves eating A LOT of sauerkraut ...

[@saigeruback]

WOW that was a very well done video! 👍

[@geoffreyzwegers3711]

What about bioturbation caused by early worms? It could explain both the sudden disappearance of the Ediacaran fauna (because their niches based on microbial mats disappeared) and an increased abundance of nutrients, oxygenation of the soils and new niches needed for the Cambrian explosion. Besides, it fits the fossil data...

[@Peter_Scheen]

Yes most probably there are more than one factors causing this, but for the sake of a relatively short video these are left out.

[@johntillman6068]

The Ediacaran fauna largely fed on microbial mats. Their extinction is connected with the disappearance of these seafloor mats.

[@stuckonaslide]

Explanation: nature was high for 2 billion years

[@adambf5145]

Stop spoiling Attack on titan with these videos

[@rejmons1]

Very interesting! There is some questions in earth history without the answer. But remarkably, the Economist is trying to find the answer. But of course, I have no question about. WELL DONE!

[@hossameldeeb8686]

do you think the Cambrian explosion pose challenge to evoultion ?

[@rejmons1]

Maybe... Of course I'm not sure. Nobody could be sure about. And I'm the kind of "detective" as Mulder from "The X Files". I love to try to find the answer on the questions on which, truly speaking, have no answer. I know, I'm the freak... What can I say? So, this time challenge to evolution! As I suppose. Because it were nothing, and suddenly - BANG! A lot of form of life. Very distressing,,,

[@hossameldeeb8686]

+Tomasz Wójcik why distressing

[@rejmons1]

+Hossam Eldeeb Why? Because the modern science like every religion have got the "fundamental" and "immutable" truths: And one of "most fundamental" is the evolution. Life was born in long chemistry process. And then it have been evolved from primitive bacteria to complex organisms. This process was slow and continuous. And, there is the lack of continuity. And science can not find the answer. One of most fundamental pillar of faith of science is shaking itself... PS: I'm the Christian (Roman Catholic) in Medieval style: The Religion is the fundamental for me. I do not believe in God, but I believe to God! And the modern science is against the religion. So, I do not care about this trouble of science!

[@hossameldeeb8686]

+Tomasz Wójcik science not aganist all religion but you believe in god now ?

[@louisvonbeethoven]

"Then, in the late Devouring period, fish became obnoxious"

[@ragtaghero84]

Mind boggling and awesome do not begin to give this topic justice.

[@TaoMing]

Seeking the truth as it relates to conscious life? Search *_Truth Contest_* and read the top entry called "The Present".

[@tgreg9542]

Matthew Chua well back in theses times I’m pretty sure sure animals were laying eggs and the male would fertilize them......not humping was done YET

[@Trev0r98]

I already know what triggered the Cambrian Explosion: a supernova or a gamma ray burst relatively close to the earth went off, and the radiation induced rapid chemical changes in all of the earth's Cambrian ecosystems, and it also induced rapid genetic mutations and diversity in the various species' genomes.

[@wonderboy4993]

Trev0r98 it’s possible

[@Wolfhammered]

So a gamma ray had a positive complexity generating effect and not a deleterious one? Seems very unlikely

[@erenjaeger1738]

shhh my weebs this is history class

[@terranhealer]

One thing to keep in mind, the levels of terrestrial radioactivity was significantly higher back then. All of the naturally occurring Thoroum and Uranium had not decayed away to the levels we see today. Additionally, there may have been a nearby supernova that would have promptly increased stellar ionizing radiation. This supernova radiation would have created a massive amount of Tritum in the upper atmosphere because higher concentrations of oxygen were present. This Trtium would have been taken up by all life on earth.

[@SneakyLlamaMC]

This Much Quality Of a Video 7 Years Old Is Not Normal

[@neilprice4915]

I thought the economists are only interested in economics.🤔

[@adamplentl5588]

I guess life is a big part of economics.

[@cheeseycheezy]

I mean, without the start of life there is no economists- ;-;

[@LionKing-ew9rm]

@@adamplentl5588 I think economy, is an extension of biology (into the humanities)

[@greyedgerton2890]

Thumbnail of my mother-in-law.

[@matt-san1711]

I think the cause is something called *EREN JAEGAR*

[@bill1394]

It's the Cambrian explosion because all scientists head explodes trying to explain how it came to be.

[@slehar]

Excellent presentation. But what about the Eucariotic cell? And Mitochondria? Wasn't THAT the trigger?

[@brandons.]

No, it can't be that. The Eucariotic cell and the Mitochondria helped create MULTI-CELLULAR LIFEFORMS. The Cambrian Explosion was about the development of hard-bodied creatures and animals that could move on their own. Vision was created and you could fully be aware of your surroundings. Multi-cellur lifeforms appeared before the Cambrian Explosion. They were Ediacaran creatures. What you are describing was the trigger for multi-cellular lifeforms, NOT the Cambrian Explosion.

[@MoeSlislack]

what caused the Cambrian explosion? they don't know. the end.

[@shirleymason7697]

MoeSlislack ......watch it again. They have numerous intelligent, workable ideas. Cut some slack.

[@chimp1561]

Pretty obvious plants made animals and oxygen because bacteria wanted to 🎼taste the sun

[@rcchristian2]

It was most likely oxygen and sea creatures moving up on land to exploit plants. It will be interesting to see how over the years, the evidence may bear this out. one spicy memey boi said _"Pretty obvious plants made animals and oxygen because bacteria wanted to 🎼taste the sun"_ Plants were not the first photosynthesizers. It was cyanobacteria in the great oxygen event. It was an over run of these bacteria that caused that first wave that made it possible for Eukaryotes to evolve and put so much oxygen in to the atmosphere. This great oxygen event most likely created the ozone layer as well, which allowed animals with these new cells to move up on to land. These new cells are basically evolved bacteria cells that and are animal cells.

[@chimp1561]

Robert C. Christian ya kinda what is was goin for in a small sense

[@Daniele63]

GOD

[@chimp1561]

🎼it's the Cambrian explosion🎼

[@JeremiahKlarman]

Wow, that’s animals and stuff.

[@Dr.HJ99]

Who is like me searching for a religious comment? Lol

[@joshuamacauley1254]

Very informative thank you :)

[@l0sercherry970]

*inhales* *THE SUN IS A DEADLY L A S E R*

[@norm1286]

Did we shift realities or did the founder wipe our memories?

[@HERO_KID_SHORTS]

Aot....

[@stuartstark]

Answer: The Kree

[@wes89]

Life literally exploded... metaphorically speaking of course.

[@mattlm64]

Sounds like it could be something of a "snowball" effect. Once the basic foundations are in place for competitive evolution it accelerates from there. Maybe an extinction event at the end of the Ediacaran gave enough opportunity for certain forms of animal to emerge and seed the Cambrian explosion, or one or more evolutionary innovations allowed an animal to gain a sudden upper-hand and displace the other Ediacaran biota very quickly.

[@bobyfransr]

bill wurtz brings me here

[@thegoodmalicious4142]

Me too...

[@turmuthoer]

"Wow, that's animals & stuff"

[@juzoli]

These “explosions” are not special. It is how development processes usually work. It happened at least during the development of human civilization: after we started farming, and after the industrial revolution. Also it happened many time in technology, for example space rockets. The development of the building blocks are usually long and not really visible. But in the specific moment when all building blocks are finally in place, and met with the right environment, it becomes very quick and dramatic, because those building blocks only need to be utilized. In my opinion, in this specific scenario of the Cambrian explosion, the main reason might have been that life was quite simple before that. Too simple. Because it was small and simple, any mutation have meant that it was not capable to live and reproduce. Only in rare cases it evolved further, so everything has happened slowly. But it happened slowly, and life eventually reached a complexity, where life became resilient to survive even after these small mutations which drive the evolution. Once mutation became and efficient and rewarding process, it happened exponentially.

[@file2hd6026]

Lll

[@13thGenPatriot]

So eyes, nervous systems, stomachs and guts, and shells ALL "evolved" in just 10 million years. Wow. I thought evolutionary processes took hundreds of millions of years. Who knew random chance was so efficient at creating such widespread and rapid positive changes? So if evolution is so fast at producing such amazingly complex and diverse organisms (without transitional forms)...why has it stopped being so efficient and fast? Eyes evolved from light sensitive freckles to complex lenses capable of focusing and irises and specialized nerve cells and brain cells that interpreting it all in just a short 10 million years and all by random chance. Truly incredible...unbelievable...utterly fantastic. Such efficient evolution defies reason.

[@KinguCooky]

The dripping cocksureness of the religious. You must be so incredibly knowledgeable.

[@codyg6514]

If god created the universe and everything in it, what/who created god? Basically what I'm asking is, If you believe life was created by intelligent design, what sort of processes do you believe created our creator? Do you believe it was an even more powerful god that created our god?

[@williamchamberlain2263]

Let me guess: you're holding out for your special invisible friend in the sky. Evidence - which no religion ever has :- kzbin.info/www/bejne/npmTgH53qtWbr68

[@rogerfroud300]

13thGenPatriot - I guess you haven't seen the long line of transitional fossils for the whale then? Perhaps you should learn how evolution works before lampooning it. Although the mutations are random, the selection of the consequent changes are most definitely not. Breeding of Dogs and Pigeons shows how quickly changes can happen when artificial selection is done by humans. It doesn't take millions of years to change these, so it's clearly a very powerful mechanism. So presumably, you think a God with a magic wand is a better fit for all of the data? That same God who's remarkable by his absence today in protecting the innocent from Cancer, natural disasters and accidents? At least it makes a change from those crackpots who say that their God did this 6000 years ago!

[@HenryTheHedgeWizard]

Without transitional forms LOOOOOL. Every species that has ever existed is a transitional form you lead eating creationist idiot

[@allysloper1882]

you know, if I turn the sound right the way to the top it almost sounds like there are people talking.

[@AminFassiFehri]

You should provide sources in the description like links to papers and reviews

[@moominm1037]

Wow that's animals & stuff

[@cheeseycheezy]

But we still in the ocean, hey can we go on land? No Why? THE SUN IS A DEADLY LAZER

[@tonyvsa96able]

So in other words, there is no convincing explanation for a phenomenon that completely contradicts the evolution story that all animals evolved slowly, but the fact is that most of the features that we see today appear suddenly in the fossil record with no predecessors.

[@williamchamberlain2263]

You're talking creationist bollocks kzbin.info/www/bejne/iXLai4yZZ8abea8 kzbin.info/www/bejne/npmTgH53qtWbr68

[@Mmvarto]

What’s your explanation then?

[@Actuary1776]

Yes. Darwin himself acknowledged the Cambrian Explosion was a problem for his theory, but hoped an ever emerging fossil record would provide the answer. To the contrary, I think what we know now has led to more questions than answers.

[@jesseparrish1993]

Evolution does not require that animals evolve 'slowly'. It does require that complex and interdependent parts of organisms not spontaneously emerge - as we see today: the Ediacaran actually covers the Cambrian in this case. If the Cambrian explosion is your definition of a creation event, let me know when you find any tetrapods there, be they reptiles or dinosaurs or mammals. While you're busy not finding those, check the late Devonian - some 160 million years after the explosion - for Eusthenopteron, Tiktaalik, Icthyostega, and Acanthostega.

[@Actuary1776]

Jesse Parrish Where did anyone mention creation? Have you read Darwin’s own comments on the Cambrian explosion? If so, how have his concerns been alleviated?

[@melvinthompson6702]

Divine intervention.

[@melaniedavis744]

Really wish half of the prehistoric life survived or brought back to life right now like the trilobite and the annomite

[@stephanebergeron4474]

One of the reasons is probably CO2 that was 15 times more than today (6000 ppm.)

[@Scrunglygrub]

The Cambrian A.k.a, when God was taking both lsd and weed

[@chancehowe5812]

I don't know whether to take this seriously or a joke XD

[@Scrunglygrub]

Break-Dancin' Loafie Loafer there were wormlike things that had toothpicks as a defense, a worm that was a crawling pincusion, sea pillbugs, a shrimplike thing that should belong in an alien movie, and a demonic shrimp. I'd call that a drug induced creation spree

[@chancehowe5812]

JARI B don't even get started on the Omolocaris (Or however its spelled)

[@vladalexander7489]

Anomalocaris?

[@ajayalcos3928]

+JARI B Through his rectum

[@TeamLegacyFTW]

B-but but my sky daddy made everything in a blink of an eye 😅😂

[@liamcameron3648]

Lol half of the comments are just stupid people arguing about religion and the other half is history of the world I guess memes.

[@neutronstar6739]

Marc Bell how does the word meme outdated lol?

[@neutronstar6739]

Marc Bell Oh, I'm sorry. My English is fucking terrible because my main language is not English. Let me ask you again, how the fuck is the word "meme" outdated when it is being uses all over the globe?

[@theevster3413]

Liam Cameron q

[@darylefleming1191]

How you see the world is motivated by your worldview. Creation vs Evolution: Two basic worldviews Creation: 1. Self-existing eternal Creator 2. Cosmos created by divine fiat 3. Basic systems completed in the past by supernatural processes 4. Net changes in created systems “downward” toward disorganization Evolution: 1. Self-originating or Self-existing 2. Cosmos organized by itself 3. All systems developed by still-continuing natural processes 4. Net changes in evolving systems “upward” toward higher organization

[@misseon1]

maybe cambrian explolson is directly connected with development of neurons, which give rise of eyes, brain, nervous system.

[@S....]

Why are you whispering? Is it a secret?

[@usuarionormal6778]

they never got etiopia they never got thailand