What Happened To All The Neutrinos?

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Researched and Written by JD Voyek
Narrated and Edited by David Kelly
Thumbnail Art by Ettore Mazza
REFERENCES:
theconversation.com/everythin...
royalsocietypublishing.org/do...
www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/SO...
www.nobelprize.org/prizes/phy...
icecube.wisc.edu/about-us/facts/
lbnf-dune.fnal.gov/how-it-wor...
hubblesite.org/contents/media...
www.nytimes.com/2020/11/16/sc...
www-sk.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/what...
www.science.org/doi/full/10.1...
dcc.ligo.org/public/0145/P170...
www.uwa.edu.au/science/-/medi...
www.forbes.com/sites/startswi...
neutrinos.fnal.gov/mysteries/...
www.symmetrymagazine.org/arti...
Music from Silver Maple, Epidemic Sound and Artlist.
Stock footage from Videoblocks, images of galaxies and black holes from NASA Goddard Visualization Studio and ESO.
Image Credits:
Pauli By Katzenstein, Bettina - This image is from the collection of the ETH-Bibliothek and has been published on Wikimedia Commons as part of a cooperation with Wikimedia CH. Corrections and additional information are welcome., CC BY-SA 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Ice Cube Array By Amble - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
By John Hardin - Own work, CC BY 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Gravitational lensing ESO
Masatoshi Koshiba 首相官邸ホームページ, CC BY 4.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/..., via Wikimedia Commons
Supernova By Housewarmer at commons.wikimedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
University of Rochester By DanielPenfield - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
KamiokaNDE model De Jnn, CC BY 2.1 jp, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
SN 1987A By ESO/L. Calçada - www.eso.org/public/news/eso1032/, CC BY 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Neutrinos in the CMB Observing Dirac neutrinos in the cosmic microwave background
Kevork N. Abazajian and Julian Heeck
Phys. Rev. D 100, 075027 - Published 22 October 2019
Tritium By BruceBlaus - Own work, CC BY 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Katrin By Dkw - (Original text: selbst fotografiert)2006-11-25 (original upload date)Original uploader was Dkw at de.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 2.0 de, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Opera Detector By Mhier - Mhier, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Homestake By Rachel Harris - originally posted to Flickr as Gold mine in Lead, SD, CC BY 2.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Sun Surface English: Movie of the solar photosphere observed with the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST) on La Palma, Spain.
Instrument : Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope / CHROMIS wideband (wavelength 395.0 nm) Center coordinates: (x,y)=(36",-91") Duration: 01:08:22 hour:min:sec Observer: Vasco Henriques and Ainar Drews (University of Oslo, Norway)
Date reduction : Vasco Henriques and Luc Rouppe van der Voort (University of Oslo, Norway)
John Bahcall by Dan Bahcall - Contact us/Photo submission, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Raymond Davis Jr - ESO
SNO By Motokoka - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Kajita 日本学術会議ホームページ, CC BY 4.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/..., via Wikimedia Commons
Arthur Mcdonald By Bengt Nyman - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Koshiba 首相官邸ホームページ, CC BY 4.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/..., via Wikimedia Commons
00:00 Introduction
05:07 Discovering Neutrinos (Seeing The Invisible)
13:13 Why Are They Hard To Detect? (A Gnat´s Whisper)
21:10 A Map Of The Universe At One Second Old
29:00 How Neutrinos Break Physics

[@HistoryoftheUniverse]

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[@solution001]

is dark matter just neutrinos?

[@solution001]

particle physics has same properties as intelligence. the universe is conscious

[@solution001]

I am sorry for creation. The good people were supposed to win.

[@seankaelin8068]

Thank you for the work and dedication yall put into these videos! I only watch vids on this subject matter and this channel is my number one

[@KGB.83]

All these physicists will need a bloody therapist when they finally figure out the reality of this universe in which we inhabit, and I can't wait for it! Lol

[@james_win]

Better than most Netflix series.

[@jessicapauline83]

Exponentially, yes!

[@scottydu81]

And not a single he/she to be seen!

[@j.m.b.7449]

@@jessicapauline83 yes²

[@account0199]

* *Insert YT link of your chice here* * Finally it's here.

[@gtbkts]

Facts

[@SirSethery]

I hope I can have even the tiniest fraction of determination that this dude had, going from being made fun of by his Physics teacher to getting a Nobel prize.

[@gyptice]

That's the power of spite, baby, His whole life was his dis to the man who looked down on him. Now HE looks down with the highest honor and the biggest shlong.

[@hiiamjustacoolrandomuser168]

Same here

[@hiiamjustacoolrandomuser168]

Just believe in yourself and work hard

[@nicolainielsen7700]

@@hiiamjustacoolrandomuser168 Luck is a very important factor too though.

[@hiiamjustacoolrandomuser168]

@@nicolainielsen7700 yep that is also true

[@dwmcv6843]

I only have one complaint about the entire series. 1. They are not 4hrs long. I hate when they end. The series evokes the mind to wonder about the universe and our origin and our eventual extinction. More please.

[@GameTimeWhy]

That's my 1 complaint too.

[@ULTRABLUE4]

Ditto

[@anarchyantz1564]

Trouble is, KZbin algorithm HATES long series. Even if you sub sometimes they dont pop up in your feed until a certain amount of people have clicked and watched, hence a lot of shows like say Sci Show or PBS Space Time only last between 9 and 18 minutes.

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Slow down the playback speed 😏

[@Mrfairchap]

Can't say I'm worried about our eventual extinction - I won't be around.

[@joz6683]

I cannot recommend this channel highly enough. Thank you for your tireless work and proof that not all of KZbin has dumbed down. This has arrived as I lay in bed recovering from an accident that has laid me up for a while, so a great big thanks 😊 👍

[@Chill_Mode_JD]

Hope you have a fast recovery, hang in there fellow interstellar interloper. Both David and Pete’s videos have helped me through some really tough times lately.

[@joz6683]

@@Chill_Mode_JD Thanks, should be back on my feet soon...

[@louis-etiennedrouin1436]

Same for me, I’m stuck in bed after breaking my leg and arm, and this is the first time I have forgotten my pain and was totally concentrated on something inspiring.

[@janellpierce5918]

I hope that you are healing well!

[@janellpierce5918]

@@louis-etiennedrouin1436 May you feel better soon.

[@bennettlewis5495]

Simply put, I understand nutrinos significantly better now than I did 45 minutes ago. Ergo, I understand the universe better than I did 45 minutes ago. Thank you!

[@joeschmalhofer6109]

Timely mention of SOFIA as it will be decommissioned after its latest flight is over, 5o be replaced by the James Webb Telescope. Yet another excellent video.

[@volkhen0]

I always listen to these when I fall asleep. Then I need to watch it next day again because I sleep after 5 minutes. Not because it’s boring but soothing ;)

[@sylvan186]

Same thing 😂

[@erinmac4750]

Exactly! I watch these and History Time videos multiple times. 🖖😎💚🌌

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actually I am rewatching now because I slept 5 mn in yesterday 🤣

[@alisaiterkan]

Exactly the same!

[@MrMikey808]

This has got to be some of the very best content on YT. Hope u never feel like it's been explained enough to stop. Pease n Love

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Absolutely agree! 🌌💜

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@@erinmac4750 who else do u listen to ?...I'm a fan of Issac Arthur n event horizon

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Definitely one of the best channel on YT along with Cool Worlds ! It’s hard to describe how excited I feel when you guys post a new video!

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The worsd is " channel " double n doesn't need to be capital 👍🏻

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@@daggermouth4695 I was talking about the french brand Chanel !

[@daggermouth4695]

@@l.m2517 lol yeah I thought your phone did what mine does and corrects thing to brand names. Lol I made a typo too 😅

[@MasonicMagician]

Cool worlds has a post about “ Green suns” being impossible to exist. Quite interesting as well. Love all his videos.

[@sgtepic4659]

Check out (Isaac Arthur) as well!

[@passintogracegoldenyearnin6310]

Neutrinos have been used as a predictor of light from supernovae because their weak interactions allow them to travel faster than light through clouds of intervening matter. As weakly interacting particles they do no scatter large amounts of Cherenkhov radiation in the same way as matter jets from black holes. *The problem with using neutrinos to peek into the past is that the neutrinos we are seeing should be **_younger_** than the photons that are finally reaching us.*

[@droyal18able]

I was going to comment this also. How can we see something that precedes an event when we were not here to see the event. The neutrinos would be well past the visible universe.

[@erinmac4750]

@@droyal18able Ah, the paradoxes that make theoretical physics and astronomy so much fun! 🖖😎🌌💜

[@stevenkunkle3857]

@@droyal18able supernovae happen something like once every thirty seconds across the observable universe. They are statistically uncommon, but uncommon means didly in an endless universe filled with stars.

[@dingdongsilver4783]

I love that a therapy company sponsors this channel because existential dread kicks in for me 15 mins into these videos.

[@GoldReefCity]

I’ve watched this three times. Well done! Good show young man! There are far too many channels that pretend to give facts and explanations. This channel is quality. Thank you for posting!

[@Cannon9]

Well what happened to all the neutrinos ?

[@tombruner9634]

If more people watched this channel we may not know any more about the universe than we currently do, but we would grasp how much we don't know so much better.

[@realzachfluke1]

Well said, to both of you.

[@jobinFOG]

@@realzachfluke1 likewise

[@randommadness1021]

People forget that the more we "don't know" means we actually know more.

[@thewokeagenda]

@@randommadness1021 very true. The more we can figure out what we don't know the more we can pose questions that will

[@randommadness1021]

@@thewokeagenda exactly. It means we can rule things out of things like, say, research for talking sake before it has even started making more time available (time is money and all that...) to go towards actually achieving whatever it is and getting the answers.

[@muahmuah4135]

As an aspiring physicists.... we are currently in dual nature, atomic and nuclear physics and videos like this truly helps in understand what we are learning rather than simply solving equations

[@GoldReefCity]

I like your profile name!!! I was actually thinking of changing mine to Neutrino

[@abhinavheya6289]

@David Williamsondeath is the union with universal energy, we shouldn't be sad about it, the body dies the consciousness energy lives on

[@daggermouth4695]

@@abhinavheya6289 lol no it doesn't 😂 it stops and runs out like an appliance turned of at the power point

[@kevoskryptoklik98]

I bought a degree in physics off the street last month for 50k$ it was the best money I ever spent. Now I got a job as a scientist 🥼 actually head scientist at saint Mary's university out here in SATX. I get paid 220k$ a year now. Buying that degree had changed my life for the better. I never knew I could be a scientist just by having a degree. The guy had 6 more different degrees too. He said of I buy two he will give me a third one free.

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If you need a degree let me know. I can buy you one and mail it to you too. He even had two master degrees for sale too. Those are 65k$ tho. I'm saving up for one by January next year. If he has it still I'll be putting it on layaway

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Can't get enough of this channel. EPIC. I literally check it everyday hoping for a new video to watch while I eat and then later to falls sleep listen to it.

[@to2burger]

I’m so happy the Journey Continues…

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The fact that I can watch something this good for free in the age of streaming services is amazing.

[@kylemilford8758]

Nothings free my friend. Your time is valuable paid services value your time by skipping ads and gathering money directly from you. Free services neglect your time by inflating content with paid advertising. Definitely enjoy this documentary just adding some nuance 😅

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@@kylemilford8758 Dude, do you remember cable though? Monthly bill of like $60-80 and then 18 mins of commercials for every hour show…. After that for decades, one single ad I can usually skip after 5 seconds is not really a waste of my time worth mentioning.

[@rhoddryice5412]

00:01 Intro - You Do Not See the Real World 05:07 Part 1 - Seeing the Invisible 13:13 Part 2 - A Gnat’s Whisper 21:11 Part 3 - A Map of the Universe at One Second Old 29:00 Part 4 - How Neutrinos Break Physics

[@WildEngineering]

imagine if the history channel had this kind of quality content

[@erinmac4750]

History Time does! 🖖😎🌌💜

[@Sanquinity]

Discovery channel used to. But it went the same way the history channel did.

[@edmeko3262]

Excellent bit of science. Perfect blend of pictures, people, history, voice explanation and style … really makes science come alive. Thanks

[@DragoniteSpam]

43 minutes on neutrinos from HotU? Count me in.

[@lorenh763]

Nice to see neutrinos finally get the respect they deserve and shout out to the sun! Most under rated star possibly ever

[@joshkeeling82]

Has anyone ever seen a 39-year old man frolic all throughout the land, whilst basking in pure delight, all because his favorite KZbin channel posted a new video? I FREAKING LOVE THIS CHANNEL! 😀😃😍

[@Chill_Mode_JD]

36yo frolicking here too 😅💯

[@joshkeeling82]

@@Chill_Mode_JD Great minds think alike 💯😀

[@markc7955]

I frolic quietly as the kids are asleep

[@gtbkts]

32 yr old here. Does it still count if I let my mind frolic in the field of quantum physics?

[@joshkeeling82]

@@gtbkts Absolutely. Yes, that counts. It's so nice interacting with like -minded people :)

[@jackma77]

The sun is primarily green?!!! 1 min in and I’m already blown! Love this stuff, thank you so much 💛

[@DSLABF]

I always fall asleep to these videos, both absolutely comforting and fascinating, and when I wake up I usually go back to the last thing I remember and watch the parts I can’t recall in the morning. Great narration and always great topics. Excellent work!

[@stephandejong1372]

Hahahahahaha I do exacttttllyyyy the same bro. Like exactly.

[@robynd.4413]

me too!!

[@paulm749]

“...100 trillion of them stream through your body every single second as if you were simply not there.” Then perhaps it's we who are the ghosts, rather than neutrinos: us and everything we can see and touch, and all the forces we can detect - ghosts in a universe about which we may be able to perceive almost nothing. Just an idle thought. This video is a marvelous presentation.

[@bradleywalker8642]

"If you want to travel the way of Zen Buddhism, then expect nothing, seek nothing, and grasp nothing. To study the way is to study the self. To study the self is to forget the self. To forget the self is to be actualized by infinite myriad things, when your body & mind, as well as the bodies & minds of others, vanish completely. No trace of enlightenment remains, and this no-trace continues endlessly..." ~ Dōgen Eihei Zenji (1240)

[@owlredshift]

@@bradleywalker8642 I too, randomly post platitudes by centuries old dudes that lived on top of mountains non sequitur to in response to various KZbin comments on a hard science channel; I- oh, oh. Wait, sorry, I'm mistaken. nvm

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I am beyond obsessed with this channel. Every time I see a new video is out I get so giddy 🥰

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Oh I’ve been waiting for this, it’s finally here! I love this channel, and it’s sister channel history of earth. Keep cranking out the amazing content you all.

[@bonym371]

I love this series however some episodes are better than others and this episode is the best of the lot. JD Voyek is a genius and her writing coupled with David Kelly's beautiful narration is breathtaking truly, If I watched this episode one hundred times I could never get bored!

[@4789raj]

Thank you for another masterpiece...!!!

[@TH-bj1pb]

You done watching it already?

[@4789raj]

@@TH-bj1pb not yet but I am sure it's like any other of his videos

[@MrBucidart]

JD, Dave and Ettore, you're on the brink of destroying my I.Q. on this one. Excellent vid.

[@rhoddryice5412]

I’m munching a banana as I begin watching this video.

[@calmeilles]

Top quality content. Thank you! This channel really deserves far, far more subscribers. I've been a subscriber to Fermi Lab's channel for a long time and frankly this one presentation was more informative and more coherent than all the bananas for… sorry, neutrinos for kindergarten pap they've put out recently for their current neutrino detector programme.

[@Cladisio]

I get giddy every time this channel, history of the earth and voices of the past release a new video. The intro with St. Augustine gave me feels that had only been achieved by a BBC documentary about Bach where they were playing the Goldberg aria while showing a shuttle launch and simultaneously quoting Lewis Thomas. Outstanding content. Maybe the best I've ever watched. It sets the bar at an almost unreachable height.

[@BalakayK]

This is going to be the best video ever I can feel it

[@ggtt2547]

Amazing as always. I can't understand how this and it's sister channel have so few subscribers.

[@williamschneikart7109]

I look forward to each production. Brilliant work.

[@yendorelrae5476]

This is a quality must see for anyone with interests in particle physics to cosmology and beyond. Good visuals and understandable narration conveying very up to date information.

[@KippiExplainsStuff]

As always, simply fantastic. Even when I find myself learning nothing new, it's still absolutely riveting

[@WIKUS70]

Very interesting and captivating. Was about to subscribe when I noticed I already did.

[@lesliedean8029]

I am in my 80th year! 50 of those were forced through most of the unsettleing "forced doctine" schemas of this fine vedeo! I would have loved to have had them allowed way back then! Thanks! Les Dean, Ph.D.

[@xephorce]

thank you for this. I just love your way of telling a story and being informative.

[@paulabbott5816]

Another breathtaking presentation. Amazing research, elegantly written, and beautifully presented... as always!

[@DrDeuteron]

A good way to get an idea about neutrino oscillations, that mass states differ from flavor states, is thinking about light polarization: suppose your photons are created in vertical (V) and horizontal (H) polarization, but we can only see them in diagonal polarization (D). If you expect "H" creation, your "D" detection will come up short (until you realized D =/=H). Moreover, passing through a birefringent medium will mix H and V.

[@KayJaybeeee]

Underrated channel. your content is amazing & I appreciate you!!!

[@CaidicusProductions]

This was excellent to doze off to, in a very light, but often lucid state. Oddly, when fully awake, this didn't quit sink in in a way that cause my mind to grab onto. Perhaps it was only through repeated listening, of which I've done many times now, that I feel more confident in my understanding of it. Or, perhaps, it was through my listening in more than one mental state that I was able to gain more understanding of the material. Either way, each listening has been more and more enjoyable, as well as insightful than the last. Thank you for this, HotU. I only wish I could give a like for each time I've listened, as a single like doesn't seem at all adequate as thanks.

[@alistersutherland3688]

This was completely mind bending. I'm going to have to watch it again and do some follow-up reading. I thought I understood more about what's known of neutrinos than I do, which is admittedly not much to begin with. I truly love this series. Please keep making them and adding to this library of accessible knowledge. Inquiring minds want to know. And endless thanks for doing it at all.

[@justinb2630]

Love this video! I've often been a proponent of the idea that neutrinos may account for dark matter/energy in the universe, which could lead to some profound breakthroughs in our understanding of the expansion of the universe. Would love to see another episode on neutrinos (or an addendum to this video) that talks about the fact that anti-neutrinos are apparently virtual particles (i.e. they actually do travel faster than light). This has huge implications as the anti-neutrino is involved in driving one of the most common radioactive decays... the beta decay. With anti-neutrinos traveling faster than light, we essentially have a neutrino traveling backwards in time to interact with the nucleus of an atom to initiate a beta decay. If this is all true, beta decay wouldn't be a random statistical event after all. Please... more on neutrinos! They are by far the most promising part of the standard model to tie everything together.

[@kaushalmania5891]

Sunday made better Thanks for such good content on the weekend 😊. Keep up the good work

[@mistermidnight1823]

I love how this channel keeps explanations simple

[@grayaj23]

Sofia is probably grounded, and probably permanently :( Too expensive to operate.

[@HistoryoftheUniverse]

Oh no! What a pity!

[@rhoddryice5412]

@@HistoryoftheUniverse I watched Daily Space and if I recall correctly last flight will be in September.

[@jodyknight]

Woo hoo it's here!! Thanks for another great video.

[@gordonlawrence1448]

How can our vision be 15 seconds behind? That is 1/4 mile at 60MPH in a car. On some backroads even at 30MPH you would not see the bends until after you are upside down in a ditch. Not only that it's not what the article says. Specifically and I quote "Instead of analysing every single visual snapshot, we perceive in a given moment an average of what we saw in the past 15 seconds." this is radically different from "our vision is stuck up to 15 seconds in the past". Not even close. Not only that but "The Conversation" is renowned for dumbing things down to the point that they don't mean the same thing as the original scientific paper.

[@vv25.81]

So excited to realize that there is a new video!!! Thanks!! ❤

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Thanks for this amazing work. It's vast but comprehensive. A remarkable attainment 🙏🏻

[@chrisholt5964]

Brilliant! Very informative, great visuals. I really enjoyed this one. Thank you!

[@wougle]

As always, sublime. Thank you!

[@EighteeApple7]

Literally the best documentary series on KZbin covering the universe and the other channel cover in the earth honest to God this is one of the best channels I've ever watched it's so informative relaxing captivating thank you to whoever is producing these videos you guys do a fantastic job and your work does not go unnoticed!!!!!!!

[@bj97301]

I absolutely enjoyed learning about neutrinos. Thank you for sharing this with me.

[@stephanieparker1250]

Great sponsor! And yes another fantastic video! 🙌💜 I learned some new stuff, that’s always exciting!

[@VisiblyJacked]

I've fallen asleep to this three times and can't tell you anything about neutrinos. Can't recommend it highly enough!

[@Artiz...]

Pullman's 'Dust' from 'His Dark Materials' comes to mind on first viewing... yes, I think I need to watch it again... even a few times perhaps! Completely mind blowing! Thanks guys!

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Great series, fully enjoyed :) Deserves a lot more subscribers. Thank you for making this awesome videos.

[@YogiMcCaw]

Another engaging vid that encourages us to carefully inspect our assumptions about reality! Keep up the great work!

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Love to see this channel before sleep. Thanks a lot.

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Just love the channel... Amazing content, visuals and soothing narration....

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The most amazing science videos out there. This channel truly deserves 10M subs

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Omg YES! NEW VIDEO!!!!!!!

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I really luv the music of this channel.. it’s so calming & relaxing but keeps me inthralled all the same! It’s actually everything lol from the writing, information, narration, visual & the amazing music! I have to work harder on speaking slowly, but it’s so much easier to listen when Some1 speaks slow & clear! Keep it up Team 👏 & I’ll keep sharing ur vids 😊 🎉

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Thank you for this fascinating masterclass of youtube documentaries!

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This channel is amazing 👏🏻

[@tali.k57]

This is my favourite channel on KZbin, hands-down. I’ve already watched this video like 6 times - 4 times to fall asleep to JD’s beautiful+calming voice and 2 more times to actually understand and process the information. Thank you for consistently making such extraordinary content! ❤️

[@oregonhighway]

The series does a nice job of balancing it's presentation, as a lay person I feel that I can still keep up with most of what they're saying, and I don't run into that very often. Well done

[@Longshanks2626]

The only thing better than the video is the sheer quality of the narration. Amazing ty

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These videos right here are why KZbin will always beat other video platforms!

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Yay!

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I find your narration to be riveting and digestible. The concepts herein are not watered down as to be simple but not so complex as to be uninteresting to people just wetting their toes in the pool of universal probability. Also it's Dope AF!

[@Leon60062]

thank you for whoever is doing this

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I love this channel ❤️❤️❤️

[@Rafaga777]

Thanks a lot for this fantastic video. As always topnotch quality and easily on of the best channels on KZbin. Please keep om the good work.

[@hadrianos1]

Wow, Cosmic Neutrino Background ... never thought of it, sounds just amazing!

[@PSG_Mobile]

Thanks for sharing such high quality content.

[@jgez12]

15 seconds in the past seems much. milliseconds?

[@HistoryoftheUniverse]

theconversation.com/everything-we-see-is-a-mash-up-of-the-brains-last-15-seconds-of-visual-information-175577

[@jgez12]

@@HistoryoftheUniverse honestly still not sure how that works. If that were entirely true no one would be able to hit a baseball or play sports in general.

[@seakayak4425]

@@jgez12Or in fact do anything in case of injury,his term buffering is very misleading

[@madovercloud3496]

this channel is gold... not releasing endless videos,just pure good content.. i like it:)

[@sjkkkkklammmmnnnnjnij]

Keep doing great work like that, the subject is very interesting thank you !

[@iggi3985]

This was great! Thank you!

[@TheMildConfusion]

What motivated you to study science and earn a Nobel Prize? Masatoshi Koshiba: SPITE!

[@GNParty]

Another excellent video!

[@thevalleycartel]

Incredible work, keep it up!

[@janosm5252]

Learned new things again. This channel focuses on explaining important things, with great insights, leaving the unknown open with questions.

[@TheOvadex]

it's unfortunate that Sofia is shutting down. :(

[@PissedKyke]

Minor nitpick: the image processing latency of the human brain is about 15 mili-seconds. I don't think that a species that needs 15 seconds to respond to threats would fare very well evolutionary.

[@HistoryoftheUniverse]

theconversation.com/everything-we-see-is-a-mash-up-of-the-brains-last-15-seconds-of-visual-information-175577

[@hestia3135]

*He said *up to* 15 milliseconds...

[@kylemilford8758]

It is actually literal. We can focus on things nearly instant. Or if something changes Fast we can snap to it and instantly recognize. However slow moving objects not in our line of focus go unnoticed

[@maureensurdez7841]

Wonderful series I especially enjoyed this one on neutrinos.

[@BLD426]

2 minutes in & I've had to replay it 3x. Info overload. This is gonna take awhile. Love it.

[@xpkareem]

Guys, this is embarrassing but, I just found a HUGE box of neutrinos in my garage. I totally forgot I put them there. I am really sorry. Anyway, mystery solved.

[@penfold1992]

When theoretical physicists are pondering over maths, trying to come up with theories and trying to explain them, will we ever have a group of ultra influential physicists as the Manhatten project ever again?!

[@Jabranalibabry]

Possibly, if cold fusion becomes a desperate enough for the world

[@wasd____]

@@Jabranalibabry Cold fusion is a scam

[@Jabranalibabry]

@@wasd____ it may turn out unfeasible, I know, brother but I think we should still research and definitely know its status.

[@wasd____]

@@Jabranalibabry We already definitely know its status. It's a scam. There's no legitimate evidence suggesting a reason why it would work, and plenty of evidence that everyone trying to get money out of investors by claiming to have done it can't independently verify those claims.

[@wdavis6814]

I got the privilege to go on Sofia a few years back. Really beautiful bird, and even more beautiful observatory.

[@markosullivan6444]

Superb video. I really enjoyed watching this. Looking forward to more videos from this channel.

[@mage1over137]

So I worked on a neutrino experiment called PROSPECT, and we had to detect neutrinos 10 m from the reactor. We used sophisticated shielding, but we also used double coincidence of two signals to eliminate a lot of noise. In fact the background became an invaluable tool for calibration.

[@DrDeuteron]

antineutrinos.

[@user-hy9nh4yk3p]

I do not know if this is a special joke. Take it as such - as me knowledge of science - is very basic. Fare thee well. @@DrDeuteron

[@user-hy9nh4yk3p]

Heard the end of the video - and they sort of exist - really ? - theoretically ? This part - is getting beyond moi - will go and meditate - on loving the Real Being. One can learn the things that one's heart hints at. Fare thee well.

[@DrDeuteron]

@@user-hy9nh4yk3p no, heavy nuclei have large electric fields because the number of protons is a lot, in a small volume. In order to be stable via the strong nuclear force, they have many more uncharged neutrons. For uranium 235, it’s 92 protons and 143 neutrons, so when it splits, the daughter products are neutron rich. Eg, barium 142 and krypton 92. In order to get rid of extra neutrons, they beta decay. A lot. E,g Kr92 goes to rubidium to strontium to yttrium to zirconium 92, which is stable. Meanwhile barium decays to lanthanum to cesium Pr 141. In beta decay, the neutron turns into a proton and emits an electron (to conserve charge) and an electron antineutrino (to conserve lepton number). So reactors are sources of antineutrinos, not neutrinos. Now the sun is different. It turns 4 protons into a helium nucleus (2p and 2n). That makes 2 positrons ( to conserved charge), which annihilate 2 electrons, and and 2 electron neutrinos, which escape almost unmolested …so the Sun radiates lepton number, and it’s a great source of neutrinos.