What is a "Developed" Country? Crash Course Geography #40

Today we’re going to discuss what it means for a place to be “developed”. Development is often associated with economic success - that is countries with higher standards of living and material wealth like those found in Europe and North America. But as we’ll see, this perspective is only one way to compare countries on the global stage, has strong ties to colonialist histories, and doesn’t necessarily capture a place’s environmental and socioeconomic sustainability or even the population’s general happiness. We’ll focus on the region in the Middle East and North Africa, called MENA, and examine how the histories of the United Arab Emirates and Lebanon have resulted in drastically different development scores.
[Sources]
General
Getis, Bjelland, and Getis. Introduction to Geography, 15 ed. McGraw-Hill Education. 2017. ISBN: 978-1-259-57000-1
Gregory, Derek, Ron Johnston, Geraldine Pratt, Michael Watts, and Sarah Whatmore, eds. 2009. The Dictionary of Human Geography. 5th ed. Willey-Blackwell. ISBN: 978-1-4051-3288-6
For a free and open source option for Intro to Human Geography, see: humangeography.pressbooks.com/
For a free and open source option for World Regional Geography, see: worldgeography.pressbooks.com...
Cracking the AP Human Geography Exam: 2020 edition. The Princeton Review.
Human development Indices
worldhappiness.report/faq/
www.academia.edu/33199038/The...
www.gnh.institute/gross-nation...
hdr.undp.org/sites/default/fil...
UAE Sources
www.cia.gov/the-world-factboo... (lists 30% of economy as oil and gas)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History...
Lebanon Sources
www.cia.gov/the-world-factboo...
theconversation.com/lebanon-o... “actually existing neoliberalism”
www.worldbank.org/en/country/...
World Bank, IMF, and GDP Charts
databank.worldbank.org/data/d...
thearabweekly.com/six-decades...
still-looking-growth-model
blogs.worldbank.org/arabvoice...
middle-east-and-north-africa
www.salon.com/2016/05/31/wron...
China, Belt and Road
theconversation.com/is-the-re... el)
First/Third World
www.nationsonline.org/oneworl...
www.worldatlas.com/articles/t...
#CrashCourse #Geography #Development
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[@dererlkonig7428]

Thank you for mentioning Lebanon!

[@vagoerrante]

I'm a sociology college student, and I'm totally in love with this geography crash course, it gives not just a lot of information and tools for my studies, but also genuinely gives me a lot of joy just hearing all this stuff. And miss Alizé make this videos even more enjoyable, what a nice host, greetins from Chile!

[@williamkarbala5718]

I think Argentina and other Latin American countries represent an interesting case study in 'development.' In the early 20th century Argentina had greater per Capita income than Canada and Australia, but years of military dictators and coups led to start political and economic instability.

[@victorangeles655]

okay my favorite model for like ranking a countries development is the world-system-theory, it separates countries into core economic countries that produce goods, periphery countries that provide resources that create those goods, and semi periphery countries that do a little bit of both

[@sarasorrell8476]

This is such a great video. Thanks for making it!

[@Joy-wd9ez]

How did i not realize crash course had a Geography section😅😭😂very interesting video. I love Geography!

[@isauro13]

Would have been nice to mention that GDP per capita and the Human Development Index (HDI) have been observed to be directly correlated to how happy people report they are. There are caveats of course, but seems like a big omission while trying to promote alternative development measurements.

[@russelljohnson7004]

I like this channel because they tell it like it is.

[@hamzaqureshi516]

Actually the idea of development should focus over intricate balance between the lives of individuals and nations collectively. The "perception" of "economic authority" and every nation correcting their course and pushing themselves sometimes in regress should be discouraged. Polarization begets polarization.

[@schnakenburg1993]

Why no mention of Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore?

[@EMan753]

Glad to see a video breaking down the complexity of the term "developed" and how it carries a massive amount of weight in how we view the world, especially countries that are victims of colonization/imperialism.

[@shzarmai]

Good video

[@killercaos123]

There is also a thing knows as the “Resource Curse”. Where a country is endowed with rich resources and minerals, yet get exploited, so they end up poor

[@winj3r]

As someone who studied Geography at the University level, I can only say this video is lacking in it's analysis. The definition of a developing country never rested only on economic status of a country. Several indexes were and are considered. These will include scientific and education, access to basic needs such as water, food, roads, etc. Also, the political status of the country, regarding the freedom of the people. And wealth distribution, resulting in indexes such as the gini coefficient. And mind you most of these indexes are related. For example, a country with greater scientific production and education, can make products more efficient and of better quality, thus making more wealth. Which in turn means better wages. Better infrastructure. Better social and political stability, which in turn can affect all of previous factors. Also consider that the prior to the industrial revolution, there was a chemical revolution and an agricultural revolution in Europe. These allowed certain European countries to gain an advantage in scientific knowledge, that provided the basis for industrialization. And then there are the social and political revolutions in Europe that fomented the shift to more democratic states. Such as the French revolution. The Congress of Vienna. Or the revolutions of 1848. The rise of scientific socialism as a main political ideology. WW1 and several European countries increasing popular suffrage. And the list goes on.

[@unappropadope]

Was the stat for all peoples using resources like the US requiring 4 earths referring to a full year of consumption? Or some other time frame?

[@mihailalexandris]

Small mistake at 0:15 in the map, that is not Bahrain, it is Qatar.

[@suskeuchiha4608]

Lebanon invist alot in banking sector but it is cllopseed after alot of bad mangement and polyces

[@abhisheksinghshakyawar1038]

Thanks a lot for the insights 🇮🇳

[@user-cz5li7oj9l]

Did you mention how all countries that were once colonies are now some of the healthiest and advanced countries today. How colonialism stopped many cultures from female genocide and raised the status of women? Or how medicine (life expectancy, child and infant mortality) was introduced, economies, opportunities for business ownership, education, etc? I'll bet not.

[@TheRoyL]

Well theres colonial extraction of the past then there is Canadian Banks in Central America and the Caribbean now having high interest rates and less functional banking products.

[@Multi_Plays]

Yeah the fact that development often seems to mean going into debt to a bank seems really messed up, should we really be putting hustorically marginalized people into debt… effectively for having been marginalized in the first place?

[@kristianruffin3782]

Where's Clint?

[@TheAtheist92]

"Make a note of the word 'smorgasbord'. I like it, I want to use it more often in conversation."

[@oscar5mj23]

The “unintentional” effects of gmo seeds ? Lmao it was definitely intentional

[@stephans1990]

When mentioning how African countries are in debt to western nations, maybe you should also mention how most of the money from these loans ended up in the pockets of corrupt dictators? And without economic restructuring these countries would only end up further in debt?

[@fafs108]

I appreciate mentioning Lebanon in this episode, especially given the incredibly horrible economic crises plaguing the country due to political corruption, but towards the end of the video it is said that Lebanon is the homelands of the Druze people. At the very least this is an oversimplification or incorrect. If you are determining this based on the history of the group’s existence in the region Maronite Catholics have found refuge in the slopes of Mount Lebanon since 402CE centuries before the Druze arrive around 1000CE . Please correct me if there is another metric being used. Also to say the this is the homeland of the Druze is especially inflammatory given the political situation in the country. Coexistence is trying to be put into practice there and while it is incredibly dysfunctional in that respect, this claim that Lebanon is the homeland of the Druze exclusively does nothing to support the practice of coexistence. I enjoyed the video and many good points were made, but I felt this needed to be respectfully addressed.

[@geogar]

I love Crash Course Geography

[@playitback-os7mh]

Great video!

[@Dude23453]

A great video, as always, good job Crash Course

[@rowenasvlog1406]

Developing countries in the initial stages of industrialization are characterized by inexperienced owners, few design skills and a very limited capability for machine building. Because of the poor industrialization in most of these developing nations, they often rely on industries of advanced countries. Unemployment. High unemployment has already become- basic feature of developing countries like Central and Eastern Europe. Research has shown that the restructuring process started in most of these countries only towards the end of 1960 until the beginning of 1991, andy yet unemployment rates for the regions. above organization. kindly explain that thank u goodbless🥰

[@hameed-kakar]

Love

[@lubu2960]

global north and global south are such stupid terms trying to draw less stigma. We're third world countries with horrible standards of living and terrible economies, there's no need to try to soft it up

[@rcmrcm3370]

Re*Structuring means transferring assets to the control of the oligarchs who run the developed countries. The World Bank etc. is simply a method of making this happen.

[@mochimusic3786]

love you crashcourse :DD

[@Bob-jn8jt]

Thank you for this video.

[@davidk6264]

Very nuanced and vague. So if we stopped using these Euro-centric definitions, we are all just as wealthy as each other around the world. So just don't day development or developed. So, no more issues here.

[@WalkingAccountant]

Just one look at Sri Lanka makes my heart weep... Really hope they can turn the tide.

[@lennartherix6872]

Saying that Europe largely developed by exploiting its colonies leaves out many other factors. For example Sweden never had significant colonial holdings and still is one of the most developed countries.

[@chvhndrtntlr3482]

3:35 for me as south east asian that colonized by several western countries we already make peace with our past and learn from western colonizer atrocity back then, so please don't make yourself have a white guilt, we just want to see the world where people with different background have equal opportunity not dominated by only certain group of people, but white guilt is not the solution of that problem, because it makes non-white people take advantages of that situation, then make the race war become worst because the new generation will get discrimination without have ability to defend themselves and prolonged the hatred

[@fiddickodair]

Crash course should do a full development studies series

[@potatomatop9326]

A developed country whales on raid shadow legends instead of nft games. Right? Right!

[@helmertrujillotorres3662]

👏👏👏

[@keepout3553]

Compared to Europe even the US are underdeveloped...

[@ShadowAkatora]

I'd say it's a country with indoor plumbing. Where most of the population is educated above a third grade level. Where there isn't rolling blackouts. No military coups every three months. High life expectancy, low child mortality. Where people visit their local doctor instead of their local shaman. And where women aren't seen as second class citizens.

[@LeonorLiliah2]

Not USA, that's for sure.

[@Jerome...]

Why the # should geographical regions reflect the language of the aboriginal people? You didn't write Lebanon in Arabic (لبنان) or China in Mandarin (中國). Why, in a video or text in english or any other langage, when talking about arboriginal people or places, do people want to put random names in aboriginal language instead of the english translation? It's doesn't make any sense to randomly translate some name only when it's arboriginal stuff. For exemple, are you calling it the Bejing Olympics or the 北京 Olympics? It's a chinese city, why don't you want to randomly translate that name in Mandarin? Chinese people don't call themselves Chinese in Mandarin, so stop using the word Chinese I guess? Shouldn't it be the same for every people/place/langage, or just for the aboriginal groups?

[@oneepicturtle9877]

woah soo developed

[@SteveSmith-hh2ni]

You know it when you see it. We have a developed country with pockets of third world in most cities, and some rural areas. It's because of unsuccessful subcultures.

[@zyniatownsend3941]

Please upload a video more in depth look of the freedom riders for black history month

[@hakusuna]

Its pretty messed up how higher society literally walks their silk line when all the poor suffer with their own hell while everyone with craptons of money sit easy on their yachts.

[@hakusuna]

Have to also say, scientists need to start making real change for people too! Crash course does this.

[@kaich369]

Sad to see Hong Kong, my home being snatched by China

[@famonk2674]

Did someone say OIL‽‽‽🦅🦅🦅🦅

[@skeletonkeysproductionskp]

@CrashCourse is still great, but shows more of a Marxist bias than before. The Oppressor vs Oppressed dialectic cannot explain why some nations that were colonized are rich and others poor, nor how other nations which had no colonies are richer than those that had colonies. Empires don't make countries rich, they make the imperial elite wealthier at the expense of People, both in the overseas colonies and in the homeland (which itself is just another colonial possession in the eyes of the Elites, as one can see with England within the British Empire, where 1/6 children died before the age of 5 in 1900). In other words, its a simplistic narrative that ought to be challenged, not parroted, and its funny how ancient examples such as Rome and the Ottomans are held as examples of development, but then modern empires are seen as problematic. All empires are bad, and some are much worse than others. In reality, what a people did both before and after colonization (e.g. Sub-Saharan Africa had colonization for an average of just 80 years compared to millennia of history and 60 years of independence) is a greater indicator of how developed their state is economically. And also, what's with the "developed", as if to question the term? If a country has industrialized, it is developed. If it still has a majority of its population still living as they did thousands of years ago, they are under-developed. If one actually goes to live in under-developed countries (like myself in Tanzania), trust me, its a bourgeois luxury to sit back from the comfort of one's developed lifestyle and not have to worry about no running water, no sanitation, no electricity, tropical diseases without the means to treat them (except for with Western medicine from "developed" countries that under-developed countries can't produce). One can say that such a life is "developed", but for those who live in such conditions, they are under no such bourgeois illusions. But as I say, great video, but talk about both sides of the argument. I'd prefer folks to provide both sides of the debate rather than this false "objectivity" and "impartiality", which more often than not simply presents Marxist rhetoric as objective, impartial truth, which it most certainly is not.

[@Antifuzz1]

This video isn't science based. its reaching for ways to justify success of a country when its simple, a successful country requires good leadership and accountability, NK VS SK as an example, has nothing to do with race or gender. if you disagree please tell me why I'm wrong instead of deleting my comments.

[@korautoti60]

Low income countries get trapped in debt because of their own corruption and incompetence. I know. I´ve lived my whole life in one of them

[@billyboy278]

The most unscientific scientific video... It never even tries to actually tell what is and what is not considered developed.

[@Luthies]

This is less "what is a developed country" video, and more "be ashamed if you live in a western country" video.

[@Mojabi_ghost]

I’m a first generation American, and I’ve begun to use the term “overexploited nations” rather than “underdeveloped countries”, because it does two things. 1) Rather than placing the blame on the nation itself for being underdeveloped it shifts the narrative that the country has been sucked dry of its rich resources, and the one to blame should be the colonizers, not the nation who works twice as hard to make a living. 2) The use of the term “over-exploitation” raises awareness of the atrocities that have been committed in these beautiful countries, and gives others an incentive to do further research on the history of colonization within these nations. The term “underdeveloped” never sat right with me growing up, because of how outdated it is, and the deeply rooted history it has in colonialism. Overexploitation changes that narrative, and I hope to see it used more since 9/10 the ones to blame are typically European nations, and their descendants, not the nation itself.

[@brainstormingsharing1309]

👍👏👍👏👍

[@andreyantoniop.desouza2675]

:gv

[@Jaylio]

First yay 🤪

[@ThexXxXxOLOxXxXx]

WTF why does HDI take birth rate as a factor for development 🤣 seems to me more babies more bless

[@SagaciousEagle]

The plaid flannel shirt is an attention stealer. Can't focus.

[@Its_just_Avi]

A wild Cool 😎😎😎 video has appeared

[@slickchick8292]

What is a developed country? Whatever the opposite of America is.

[@Shakeelsway]

We miss John Green..😒

[@louise-yo7kz]

This is so timely. I hate the term Third world with a passion. It has very strong racist undertones

[@sontohartono]

"Not America", there's your answer.

[@ahmadx1x1thebestnickname71]

A developed country: A RICH, COMMON COUNTRY like USA, and CANADA

[@thesustainist2132]

So now poor "developing" counties are forced to take loans from "developed" ones. I think its time counties that are poorly governed take responsinilties for their own short comings.