What is Electric Charge? (Physics - Electricity)

This physics video will provide you with a clear understanding of what an electric charge is.
It is part of a larger course called, “Electricity, The Basics”.
You can access the course on the website of Physics Made Easy:
www.udemy.com/...
You can get access also to tons of free resources that will help you with your studies of high school physics by visiting the website:
www.physics-ma...
The level in Physics required to fully enjoy the content of this video is high school (Grade 9 through 12)
This video is produced and presented by Edouard Reny, Ph.D. in materials sciences and private tutor in Physics.
Edouard provides one-on-one private tuition in Physics (face to face or by Skype). If you wish to contact him, visit his website: www.physics-tu...
Music composed and produced by Edouard Reny © 2020 (synaptic-machi...)

[@Minakshivlogs85]

Sir you made it so clear and easy to understand that my school teachers need to learn from you

[@Sazidalia]

ok bro

[@gurnblanston5000]

This video deserves 4 billion likes.

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Oh, It just needs 3 999 997 700 extra likes to get there. Piece of cake!

[@gurnblanston5000]

@@PhysicsMadeEasy True...LOL!!!

[@jackwilmoresongs]

I have watched four videos tonight to try to find out what is CHARGE. I cannot get beyond that it is a property and it behaves a certain way and we can measure it. I am going to assume that we know how charge behaves but we don't know really what it is. Thankyou for you efforts though.

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hello Jack, You are not the only person that resists the idea that a charge is just a property. Why can’t we say “A charge is… (something)”? Because… it’s not… you are not finding an answer on KZbin videos, because the answers you may find are not what you instinctively expect. A charge is the property of an object that provides to that object a certain behavior. Maybe an analogy with could help: think of mass. Mass is not what many think, i.e. the quantity of stuff. It’s actually the property of an object, like charge. The behavior being the resistance of an object to acceleration (inertial mass), or the change of motion experienced by an object in a gravitational field (Gravitational mass). The behavior provided by the charge of an object to that object is the change of motion of the object when exposed to an electric field. If you can embrace this idea of charge being the abstract concept that is a property, maybe you can explore further along the way some serious theories in quantum physics, yet still controversial: These argue that things do not exist, only properties do (basically maths functions). And it is the combination of these properties at one point in space, that gives us the illusion of the existence of a particle. Physics is trying to understand how the Universe works. We, as human beings, view it through the pinhole of our existence, so even things as simple as charge, are often not what you expect them to be. I hope that this reflection may put you on the path of understanding what a charge is.

[@jackwilmoresongs]

@@PhysicsMadeEasy Thankyou for the further explanation. I didn't know I was "resisting" that we're seeing a property. I intend to go over the video again. Yes, I expect a property or a characteristic to be a bit more intelligible. But I am not a physicist. I could stand to grasp more of the property in terms you deal in as a physicist. One thing I am sure of. It is there FOR humanity. There is nothing else in the universe like a human being. And these properties and the calibration of how they work seemed to be tuned for our existence. The cosmos seemed to know we were coming. When I go through your video a second time I will try to pay more attention to the matter of FIELD. Repetition is good imo. Appreciated.

[@jayeshyadav7647]

The same question was in my mind also but now I had understood what a charge is which makes my mind a little bit confusing what an object is🤔?Is it something which is made up of atoms which are therefore made up of charges(or something like energy)?? Can we say that charges are just energies(we named them just to understand any term) with which an object is made up of?

[@jaybingham3711]

@@jackwilmoresongs Charge is there for all living/animate objects...and inanimate. Each one in fact relies upon it. It's no more intended for humans than it is for the highly intelligent slime mold. Hopefully you weren't attempting to assert that the active manipulation of charge by humans so as to benefit from it is somehow pertinent in the grand scheme of things...akin to a kind of ”might makes right” claim. Be careful of what you invoke. Under that rubric, all it's going to take is some other species that does it better than humanity and them paying us a visit for you to damn well hope you had it wrong. A little humility can go a long way. And even be vitally important. Respectfully.

[@jaybingham3711]

@@jayeshyadav7647Your prodding is understandable and necessarily comes about because (at base) our languages are but labels devoid of any true specificity. We simply have to establish agreed-upon definitions and run with them as best we can. In physics, energy has a very specific kind of definition. Language is a living thing, certainly. And we can override/change the definition of any/all words at any time. But in doing so, it mostly just makes things more complicated. We have distinct scientific parsings for what's meant by charge as opposed to energy. They are quite different. If you poke hard enough at any definition, all will sublimate before your eyes. The only thing we have for counteracting this intrinsic deficiency of verbal language is math. Upon developing requisite mathematical skills, most of your conundrum on this topic would resolve. Unfortunately, words alone aren't ever going to do the trick...regardless of changing labels. Yet math, while light-years better and massively more robust, isn't perfect either (see Godel Incompleteness theorem). Fortunately, the fun is in the exploration rather than the knowing. If you think hard enough about living in a universe in which everything is known, you'll surely realize that’s actually a universe not worth living in. As for what fundamental objects are (including whether an object like an emotion or thought might qualify as such), that is very much unknown at this time. Everything about our classical world rests upon the quantum world...a world that makes use of probabilities...crazily different from what we experience in every day life. Through detections obtained from particle accelerators, we have been able to find objects way more fundamental than the atom. At this time, our best suppositions are that everything (including atoms) come about from perturbations of various kinds of very quantum fields that are endemic to and permeate all of space-time. And if you insist on asking what gives rise to quantum fields and what they're made of, you will have arrived at the limit of science...one of pure philosophy. As the adult in the room, science will say ”we don't know.” Of course, that won't stop lots of children from asserting they do know. So adorable. But make no mistake, we're doing pretty good with the exploration of the quantum realm. We have leveraged tangible results/outcomes in exploring it...like taking advantage of quantum effects to make our respective computers post these comments. Not bad for only discovering the quantum realm a hundred years ago. Maybe we will make even more strides over the next 1000 years. That, too, would be crazy fast and a pretty good day's work.

[@sriramsriram9144]

When it comes to way of teaching, you are the master of if! Brilliant!

[@AdifferentHarry]

Just decided yesterday that I won't just accept that protons are positively charged and electrons are negatively charged. Just wanted to know what in the world is charge! Thanks for explaining in the comment section. Honestly helped to accept the reality of what charge is.

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hi Kafui, I am glad my video helped! A comment, when you assist to a school lesson, trust your teacher... don't let yourself get blocked when something is told to you when it appears arbitrary. Accept it, but do keep in mind that question for later. Because, a few months, or years later, when you know more, you will piece the puzzle by yourself and understand why thing were told that way... (I can tell you, because I was a stubborn student when I was young. It can be good sometimes to have a critical mind, and you should nuture it, but it can also render the learning process quite painful when you have a limited experience...).

[@V3NOMOUS22]

You are a fantastic educator. Your ability to convey physics makes the intangible easily comprehensible

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Thank you very much for your encouraging words :-)

[@AdnanAli-cw7xt]

Wow! That example of pen in those columns are really interesting.now I completely understand that.really love your teaching method sir.thank you .love from India 💖

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hi Adnan, I am glad this example helped you improve your understanding. Good luck with your studies!

[@MarpinBagra]

It is said that current is the rate of flow of charges. But how can a property flow? Pls answer. 🙏

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Mass is the property of an object too. 1 liter of water has a mass of 1Kg. Now take a river. Its flow is the amount of water that passes per sec (in liter/sec). One can also use a mass flow to describe how it moves (Kg/s). If mass can flow, so can charge ;-) Note: In a current, what flows are the charge carriers, like electrons. The charge carried by the electrons naturally flows with them .

[@SPQRcat]

I'm a bit late to the party but you're genuinely one of the best teachers on the platform, you deserve a lot more recognition :)

[@Purchase_]

Can u tell me what is charge...? He haven't told what charge exactly is...😐

[@SPQRcat]

@@Purchase_ well I'd personally define it as the excess (-) or lack (+) of an electron, but there's gotta be a more academic definition. Best of luck to ya

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hi Shivansh, I am sorry that my video didn't appear clear enough... Electric charge is a property or characteristic of an object. Take an electron, it has a mass of 9.11x10^-31Kg, mass is a property of the object electron, and 9.11x10^-31Kg the value associated with it. Another example: The price of this car is 20000 $, the object is the car, the property discussed is the price and the value of that property is 20000$. But maybe your question was the Electric Charge property implies for the object carrying it... The e. charge of an object is the force that this object would experience when placed in one unit of electric field. This means that if the charge of an object is large, an electric field will have a strong impact on its motion. (Like an object of large mass feels a large gravitational force). I hope this clarifies things!

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hi RA27, thanks for your comment. The excess (-) or lack (+) of an electron in an object, will cause this object to gain a charge, but it is not the definition of an electric charge. See the second part of my answer to Shivansh for somethign more 'academic). Sometimes equations can be of great help in figuring out the physically of a concept (F=qE, so q= F/E)

[@SPQRcat]

@@PhysicsMadeEasy I think I got it, thank you for the reply Sir, much appreciated

[@shahzadshah4800]

I understand which way physicists are going with the illusion of matter etc. but these are theories stemming from our inability to explain certain things. It is healthy to disagree but why is it so difficult to say that at this point in time, we don’t know what this specific entity called charge is despite the fact that it underpins all physical existence. The theories are intriguing and interesting all the same.

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

As you said, it is very healthy to ask yourself these questions, disagree, but continue thinking about it... If you are a student, I encourage you top continue doing that but also to trust the work that has been done in the past centuries and that is widely accepted by the scientific community... Answers will come. If you try to grasp everything immediately then you might block yourself. The charge of an object is a property of that object related to how much force the object is subjected to per unit of electric field strength. It is the same definition as gravitational mass (replace charge by mass and electric field by gravitational field). A property appears abstract, I agree, but it is very real, as real as matter itself: How do we differentiate a particle from another, just by its properties? It is speculative, but in some branches of quantum field theory, some suspect that particles don't exist, only the properties exist... Food for thoughts...

[@mihailfelixdumitresc]

I totally see your point. Let me quote from a book called "Basic electricity" prepared by the Bureau of Naval Personnel, US Navy, 2013: "The ancient Greeks used the words "electric force" in referring to the mysterious forces of attraction amd repulsion exibited by amber when it was rubbed with a cloth. They did not understand the fundamental nature of this force. They couldn't answer the seemingly simple question "what is electricity ?". This question is still unanswered.....[...]...By learning the rules applying to the behaviour of electricity and by understanding the method of producing , controlling and using it, electricity may be "learned" without ever having determined its fundamental identity". I have to admit that I could not enjoy this answer more, when I read it; it is like saying " don't worry about not knowing what electricity really is; just use it, put things into motion with it and let physicists bother to come up with an unified answer (if ever !) one day that we will all agree upon". On the other hand, I kind of entertain Sam's explanations about charge being a property of "something" and not "the something " itself, and I do hope that the tax authorities only want from us the property of our money and not the money itself ! 😊 Leaving joke aside, if money is thought of as a digital transaction, then what is being transferred when we make a purchase by card is not the physical money but the right we give to a bank to decrease the quantity of money within our account by a certain amount and , at the same time, the same amount to be credited to the seller's account . We deal in properties here, not in objects, transferability of the money being the property here. It may sound farfetched, but it makes some kind of sense to me.....

[@Bandit86b2]

I don't get it, if charge is a property then why do positive and negative charges attract each other where does that force come from

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

That's a big question. Context = classical physics: A charge creates an electric field around it. Any other charge placed in that field will experience a force. Context = particle physics derived from quantum field theory: virtual photons appear and disappear around any charge carrier. Sometimes one of them appears around charge A, and that same photon disappears around charge B. In the end, it's like if charge A emitted a photon that was absorbed by charge B. To satisfy the pillar of physics that is conservation of momentum, the distribution of momentum of charges A and B changes. To us, the charges appear to have interacted with each other by experiencing a force. Now why the universe works that way (or another)... who knows ;-)

[@BerkoEdits]

Basicly the momentum exchange via the virtual photons.

[@venkateshhms6925]

Sir u are really great

[@bogdansilviuaron2392]

Electron doesn’t spin on itself. Spin is a property that resembles like a rotation, but it isn’t rotating/spining realy.

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Correct, see the last minutes of my video on magnetic dipole moments, where I improvise on the subject. We say electrons 'spin' on themselves, because we detect such a magnetic dipole moment, and the only way that a charged classical object can have that, is by rotating on itself. But an electron is not a classical object, it is a quantum mechanical one... so the magnetic properties are not necessarily emergent, but could be inherent instead.

[@curioussharmaji7275]

You deserve too much respect 🙌🙌🙌

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Thank you!

[@sheer6869]

Thanks a lot after sooo many years I really know the meaning of charge

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hi Sheer, I am glad my video unlocked your understanding on charge. Now reflect on what it implies for other notions where charges are involved. It could trigger a domino effect of haha moments! Enjoy!

[@wingsoohoo8071]

Color is a property that can be explained further by absorption and reflection, and rods and cones. The end of the charge explanation is that charge is there. It exists and has these properties. A real basic explanation (beyond me) would tie it to field theory (presumably electromagnetic) or to a form of energy. The mass property does tie mass to energy. The various types of elementary particles are different forms of energy.

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

You are correct by suggesting that color is an emergent property. It results form the interaction between EM radiation and the material's surface structures, mostly its electronic structure. By that I mean how charged particles are organized and thus interact within the material. And again, yes, QFT, and more precisely QED, are the best description we have yet of these interactions. But if we want to go further as to why charges are there, that is beyond our reach (if we are optimistic, for now maybe...)

[@Yoriichi-k8i]

excellently taught.

[@augijyotbali2131]

One of the best teachers on KZbin

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

These are words which are much appreciated! Thank you Augiyot!

[@venkateshhms6925]

Good video please make more

[@swapnadeepde8641]

Sir, if we accept charge as an property of an object, then why electric current is defined as a flow of charge(on electrons)? And as we know electricity is a form of energy, then how a property can carry energy? An answer also revolves in my mind that is current the kinetic energies of the electrons flowing and there is no involvement of being charge or .... It is where it makes me doubtful to think charge as an abstract "property". Plese correct me if i am wrong.

[@JesseTsegaye]

You are really amazing teacher for ever .

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Thank you Jesse ❤

[@luiscarlitosrecinos8598]

Wao what an awesome explanation i did understand it clear!! You are i great teacher.

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Thank you Luis :-)

[@omerkaya545]

3:02 I know what you do here and why you do it but be careful, for some people, this can sound like circular reasoning. An electron has a charge of -1.6*10^-19 Coulomb. 1 Coulomb of charge is defined by 1/1.6*10^-19 Electrons. Just be careful!

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hi again Omer, thank you for the warning. I didn't see that. Actually a coulomb is defined by the amount of charge passing in a second with a current of 1Amp. The Amp itself is defined by the current needed so that there is an induced force of 2x10^-7N between two cables distant of 1 meter and of length 1 meter in vacuum... But I guess explaining this in the video would have been a little too much !

[@wingsoohoo8071]

What is the source of the charge property and why do some particles have none, some are positive and some are negative. Is it possible to have n charge property types?

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Let me rephrase your question: Why is the Universe the way it is? ;-) It is an eternal debate. One potential answer to reflect on is anthropic. If particles had different values for their charges, we wouldn't be there to discuss it... And that leads to various hypothesis like the multiverse or the living in a simulation... What do you mean by n charge property types? You mean particles with a charge of magnitude different than one elementary charge? In that case, yes, Quarks (2/3e or -1/3e). For charge magnitudes larger than 1e, you need to look at constructs of elementary particles like atomic nuclei.

[@kisho2679]

What gives rise to charge?

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hello Kisho. Charge is an intrinsic property of particles. It's like asking why is the speed of light is limited and why it has the value it has, or what gives rise to the value of an universal constant... In other words charge simply is. I agree, my answer is not satisfactory: it translates bluntly into 'I don't know', but I am Ok with that because i don't think anyone does :-) Intriguing question though. Continue doing that!

[@jonykhan4395]

Nice Work! The charge actually a force and I think there could be an experiment before scientists assign the value of a charge but How credible the associated values are in terms of SI units?? What will happen when electrons of different element enter into entirely different element? Does not it change the atomic structure of the element receiving electrons?

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hi Joni, Your questions show a misunderstanding of some fundamentals: A charge is not a force... An electric charge generates an electric field around it, and another charge placed in that field will experience a force... Check my video "what is an electric field". An example more down to earth: mass is a charge, a gravitational one... and if an object has mass, it will feel a force when placed in a gravitational field About your other question: electrons are fundamental particles. All electrons in our universe are undistinguishable from one another... An element depends on the number of protons in its nucleus. Because an atom is electrically neutral, the number of its electrons will be the same as the number of protons. If you add an extra electron to that atom, it is still the same element, but now you have a charged atom, which is called a ion.

[@SimpleHumanInNY]

Awesome, thank you. Purchased your course on Udemy

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Thank you! I hope you will enjoy it and that it will be useful to you!

[@AswinS-m7s]

It's easy to crack my exams...thanks a lot

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

I am glad I could help :-)

[@Shoshi-t8p]

Thank you!!!!! This video helped me a lot! a lot!

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

I am glad my work helped you so much! Good luck with your studies!

[@Funlearning-rf3xp]

Hey i understand that it is a property and that cause a body to experience force when kept in a electric field. Then if it is related to the experience of force than why it is measured in coulomb. Is coulomb is related to force or N? Plz answer me. And what it means to negative and positive charges *Actually

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

A force is not a charge. An object carrying a charge that is placed in an electric field will experience a force that is proportional to the electric field strength and its charge. That fact that the object carries a charge triggers a force on it but is not the force itself. Check my video What is an electric field for more info. The fact that there are positive and negative charges is related to their behavior. If the signs are of opposite sign they attract, if they are from the same sign they repel. The fact that it is positive or negative is just a way to differentiate two categories... We could have used Blue and Red for example and describe the magnitude of the charge like the intensity of blue and red... but + and - was a little easier to handle mathematically.

[@Funlearning-rf3xp]

@@PhysicsMadeEasy thanku sir. All doubts are cleared.👍

[@prabhjotsinghroll-46class-25]

Dear sir , Can you send me the simple definition of charge ? Love the way of your teaching...

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hi Prabhjot. Charge is the property of a body (like mass). That property represents how strongly the motion of that body can be affected by an electric field (or another charge). That’s the simplest I can get that to you ;-). If it can help: think as mass being the charge of gravity… The heavier an object, the stronger the effect of a gravitational field on the motion of that object. The more electrically charged an object, the stronger the effect of an electric field on the motion of that object. I hope it helps PS: thanks for the kind words :-)

[@somethingnorhing4920]

Maybe try this kzbin.info/www/bejne/nae7Y2x-hdJ1e6s

[@omerkaya545]

1:09 You souns like Professor Legasov from the HBO Chernobyl series, which is so cool haha

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hello Omer. Had no clue who the guy was, so I checked him out by curiosity. Do I really have such a British accent haha!

[@neverland4099]

thanks for this!!

[@Amityadav-il2rp]

Thanku so much sir ♥️♥️🙏 love from India..

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

You are welcome Amit. Love from Europe :-)!

[@SonVu-rw9hh]

Wait from this I can circle any part of the space and calculate the charge of it???

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Yes, that's Gauss law. Check the video I did on this: kzbin.info/www/bejne/d3-7epeol5hjmsU

[@mr.ahmeed]

ما شاء اللَّهَ صدگ شرح ممتاز لهيج مواضيع معقدة

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Thank you for your kind words Mr. Ahmeed :-)

[@mr.ahmeed]

@@PhysicsMadeEasy فدوة الگلبك دكتور 🌷

[@Rawani_will_do_it]

الله اكو عراقيين هنا😂🌷

[@mr.ahmeed]

@@Rawani_will_do_it طبعاً في كل مكان 😆🌷

[@Vikass_edit18]

What's indicates negative sign before electron partical's charge

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

when you write Q(electron) = -e, the 'e' doesn't stand for electron but for elementary charge. So the charge of an electron is minus one elementary charge. For example Q(proton) = +e

[@mymilitaryworld3878]

Sir can you explain about Fission and fusion please

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

I thought I had produced one or two videos discussing this topic. I checked my older videos... no I haven't! I only discussed Nuclear Decay. Ok , it's a topic I enjoy, so on the list. Thanks for the suggestion!

[@MelloCello7]

Bro you are brilliant! I'm gonna have to hit up that course or private tutoring!

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Glad you like my work :-)

[@muhammadqadeer3535]

What is mathematics numerical questions about this

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hello Muhammad, could you rephrase your question? (I didn't understand what you mean)

[@Vinaycvk]

@@PhysicsMadeEasy What is coulomb and How can we measure it?

[@VidunJayasinghe]

@Physics Made Easy I have a question, do a single electron movement give a current and if not why

[@VidunJayasinghe]

Also Charge is a property of an object but what gives that property to the electron

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Yes, as soon as you have a charged object moving, this will correspond to an electric current. Imagine you have a wire with one electron passing through a cross section of that wire every second, the current in the wire will be -1.6 x 10^-19 Coulomb per second, or -1.6 x 10^-19 Ampere. (The charge carried by an electron is -1.6 x 10^-19 Coulomb)

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

@@VidunJayasinghe The universe haha! We do not know fundamentally why this or that particle carries such or such charge. We just know this by its behavior.

[@DispelTV]

We know what the word property means....we want to know what the particular property of charge physically means. Does it have to do with the disentanglement of the original matter at the big bang due to inflation and temperature change or something else?

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hi, Electric Charge is the property of an object that quantifies how much force the object experiences when placed in an set electric field (force per unit of field strength). It is the same definition as mass (gravitational mass) related to a gravitational field. Your suggestion does not relate to what charge is, but from where it came from... That's a much more tricky question ;-)

[@shadmaabbas8970]

Sir do the electrons present at negative terminal enter the conductor and push the free electrons towards positive terminal ? OR excess electrons repel the free electrons (without entering into the conductor ) and in result the free electrons reach +ve end of battery ?

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hi Shadmas. If I understand your question well, I would say both. There is an excess of electrons at the -ve end, and they repel each other. When connected to a conductor (not connected to the +ve side), some of these electrons will enter the conductor and push the free electrons of that conductor, until these 'compressed' free electrons push back sufficiently and a new equilibrium in installed . Because electrons are continuously produced by the battery at the -ve side, the potential in the conductor becomes the same now as at the -ve terminal. Now, if you connect teh conductor to the +ve side, electrons in teh conductor will 'fall to wards the +ve side, making the potential int he conductor go lower. In the meantime, the -ve side of the battery will continue producing electrons until to keep the potential at the -ve terminal until the battery is depleted. So to answer to your question. Yes, the excess electrons and the -ve side push the original free electrons of the conductor, and yes, they end up entering the conductor too.

[@anulaellavelage4990]

Clear explanation sir

[@cslloyd1]

Can charge be passed from one electron to another? IE, electrons can exchange energy via photons. Can electrons exchange charge?

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

No, Charge is a property inherent to the electron. When an electron moves, the charge moves with it. Energy is a state, charge is property. An analogy: You can pass your jacket to a friend. You are now cold, and your friend is warm (State), but you cannot pass the color of your eyes to your friend (Property).

[@raleemaasif7898]

This helped thx

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

You are welcome Raleema!

[@Knnn1966]

Thank You so much Sir! You helped me a ton! 😄 Now the only question I have is why do we rub two objects to activate the charge? Why isn't it already active before we rub? Would be very thankful if you answer.

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Imagine a black board with a drawing on it made with a red chalk. If you rub your hands on the board, messing up he drawing, you will have red chalk poweder on your hands. the act of rubbing transported some chalk powder fromt he board to your hands. This is what happens when you rub two objects like a piece of plastic and a piece of cloth. One of the objects likes electrons a little more than the other, so when you rub them against each other, some electrons will transfer from one object to the other. So, now one object has a little more negative charges, and the other a little more positive charges (by lacking the electrons it gave away). By the way, you do not "activate charge". like you do not activate mass. Charge is a property of an object, it is there or it is not... On the other hand, you can say that the rpesence of an excess charge (positive or negative) activates or triggers a force by creating an electric field around it. It works also for mass, which is the "charge" of gravity. I hope this answeres your question

[@Satchidananda005]

​@@PhysicsMadeEasy Sir, can you please help me to solve one more problem why on rubbing two body one body gain electron and another lose electron....Why not vice versa happen i.e If I rubbed silk with glass then silk will gain electron and become negatively charged but glass will lose electron and become positively charged so why not silk lose electron and glass gain electron it's my problem

[@syedgaming2680]

Same questions also aries in my mind..I also want to know the answer of this question

[@faizanshareef1491]

@@Satchidananda005 Beacuse Glass is an insulator and the binding force between nucleus and Electrons is very high so it is not very easily possible for electrons to escape unlike the silk.

[@brujlo]

And what make it blue? What are properties of blue? If property has its own property, then at its core the question is, is it property? For me sounds as We dont know?

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hi Brujlo, do not confuse property and its value. For the blue pen. The property is color, and the value of this property is blue... 'Blue' is not a property... A property is a characteristic of an object that can be associated with a qualitative or quantitative value : The color of the pen is blue. (OBJECT = PEN, PROPERTY = COLOR, VALUE OF PROPERTY = BLUE) The charge of an electron is -1.6x10^-19 C (OBJECT = ELECTRON, PROPERTY = CHARGE, VALUE OF PROPERTY = -1.6x10^-19 C)

[@brujlo]

@@PhysicsMadeEasy I would say it like this, if there is no interaction with the object (PEN) it has no value, and in this case it is the light who have the interaction. Therefore, if there is no interaction with the pen, there is no color, no property, and then no property value, so it is not a property. A property is either there or it isn't. It is light that gives color (the pencil does not emit color by itself), therefore blue is not a property of the pencil but a way of interaction of light with the pencil, because what is the value of COLOR if there is no light, NO COLOR = NO PROPERTIES and no value? If we draw a parallel, then the interaction of the particle with X, is an electric charge (proton-neutron, what's the difference?, quarks). In short, mass is the resistance of the Higgs field, and since it is an interaction, it is not a property. So what would be a mass of electron if there is no Higgs field? If is a property should not the mass stay the same? kzbin.info/www/bejne/oKC3fJdrn5igsM0 I would like to say that I am not a scientist, I watch a lot of scientific videos, and I read about this topic. Some things just don't agree with me, and in my opinion it's better to say we don't know, than to claim that something is like that until proven otherwise. The freshest example of such claims is the age of the universe! Thank you for your reply and apologies for the delay, but I did not receive a notification.

[@ashinshorty9535]

Thanks a lot ❤

[@radinelaj-c7s]

How do you know which is positively charged and negatively charged ? Both attracting each other. ,is like two magnets which attracting wach other ,you would not which is negatively charged and positively charged.

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

It's based on a convention: A positive charged moves along an electric field line (parallel to the electric field strength vector) . A negative charge moves up an electric field line (antiparallel to the electric field strength).

[@alokjha1508]

Thank you sir for this explanation

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

You are most welcome Alok :-)

[@zakirhussain-js9ku]

Charge gives certain properties to electron or proton. But I think it is an independent entity in itself. It can produce certain effects. It can join or separate from proton.We don't know what a charge is. Could it be a quantum particle?

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Sorry Zahir, this is incorrect. Charge has been perfectly identified by the scientific community as the property of an object. Such property is defined by the behaviour of the object carrying the charge in an electric field (the object experiences a force). For example, an electron has a charge -e. It experiences a force F = -eE in a field of strength E. The same way it has a mass m, and experiences a force F =mg in a gravitational field of strength g.…

[@arshlehal5629]

Thank u sir

[@bhavikasanvijain1401]

I have read in my book that electric charge is a property of elementary particles. How can electric charge be a property of elementary particles if it is true that imbalance of elementary particles makes an atom charged??

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Electric charge is a property of a system. That system can be an elementary particle, an atom, a molecule, a human hair or even a planet!. The charge of an object will be the sum of all the charges of the particles that constitute that object.

[@khanshamim38]

Sir you are great. Love you from Pakistan

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Thank you Shamim :-)

[@khanshamim38]

@@PhysicsMadeEasy pls share a video on heat transfer in metals, insulators, liquids and gases at molecular level. Thanks

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

@@khanshamim38 That would be an interesting video for sure... very time consuming too to produce... I'll put it on the list, but it will not be for tomorrow... :-(

[@radinelaj-c7s]

You mean : invisible electrons are transferred from pullover to the pen .Let's suppose this is true, but what happen in vacuum chamber ? Are the electrons transferred there ? Did you try it ? If the electrons are transferred what happened to the mass ? Is it decreased ? Or unchanged ?( is the weight increased or decreased ?)

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

They are invisible because too small to see, but I guarantee you that there are there lol. The phenomena of charge transfer (and thus of their charge carriers, here the electrons) by rubbing different surfaces to each other is called triboelectricity. Different materials like wool and plastic have different affinity for negative charges, thus when you put them in contact, there is a transfer occurring. If you want to knwo more, check en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triboelectric_effect About the mass, yes, the surface receiving the electrons will in all logic increase by the mass of these electrons. (And don't confuse mass and weight, ;-): weight is gravitational force, so if the mass increases, so will the weight)

[@tddgaming7252]

Thank you sir🙏

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

You are welcome TDD

[@jatinsaini6896]

How we found that proton has positive charge

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

It is the charge of the proton that was at the origin of the discovery of the particle by Goldstein in the mid 19nth century (He was studying cathodes rays, that is electron rays emitted by a cathode. He noticed that there were also other rays travelling in opposite direction to the electrons (Anodic rays): these were hydrogen ions, which are protons.). Google proton and Goldstein, you'll find a lot of info.

[@minma02262]

So, it is basically a mental model "proven" using a math model(variable) and some experiments to prove it "exists".

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Well, when humans observe something, they try to make rules for the thing's behavior, that leads to hypothesis on what's going on, that leads to theories and predictions, thus experiments to validate or invalidate such theories... etc... After centuries of doing this, that's where we are now ;-) So, basically to answer your comment: yes.

[@AFLlight]

Love this

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Thank you!

[@radinelaj-c7s]

You said: some electrons of the pullover are transferred to the pen,but why not vice versa? Some electrons of pen are transferred to the pullover.

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

As mentioned in my previous answer to you, different materials have different affinities to receiving or giving away electrons. This is due to their electronic material structure which sets them within a triboelectric series (Check this section on the link I shared with you).

[@gowrissshanker9109]

Hlo sir, what was the quantitative measure of ONE COLOUMB in Charles coloumbs period of time? As charge of an electron was only found after his death...how was charges measured in his time?

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hi Gowri, a Coulomb is not a SI unit. I think (but not 100% sure) that is derived from the Amp. The amp is an SI unit, so the Coulomb would be the amount of charge flowing in one second when the current is one amp. The Coulomb is the unit of charge. It was named after Charles Coulomb to honor his visionary work. We are talking here of the 18nth century! the notion of charge was a very new concept discovered by Franklin during that century. I am not sure if it was even quantified at the time...

[@fruitsofspirit4986]

woow really amazing

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

You are welcome

[@user-qd7yl2fr1y]

Yes but what is charge?

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Electric charge is the property of an object that measures how much force is applied when placed in an electric field strength of 1N/C... It is analogue to (gravitational) mass, which measures how much gravitational force is applied to an object subjected to a gravitational field strength of 1N/Kg. In other words, mass is gravitational charge...

[@TheAstroG]

@@PhysicsMadeEasy wow! Thank you very much?

[@MrManojHirway]

But u didn’t explain what “charge” really is … Saying it’s just a Property of an electron doesn’t explain the fundamental meaning

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Charge is not just a property of an electron, it's a property in general, like color, mass or shape. If you want something concrete: the charge of an object represents how strongly the motion of 1 unit of inertial mass of that object is accelerated by 1 unit of electric field strength. It is an analog definition to gravitational mass: the mass of an object represents how strongly the motion of 1 unit of inertial mass of that object is accelerated by 1 unit of gravitational field strength

[@surendrakverma555]

Thanks 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏

[@benlee3545]

I still don't know what is a charge after viewing this video but it clearly states how much charge in one electron. Property like blue, I can see what is blue. Mass, I can feel what is 50g. Material plastic yes I can see and feel it and it is different from metal. But what is charge? Sorry, I am not in electrical field and really like to visualize or understand what is charge, voltage, etc.

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hi Benlee, I understand your reaction after watching this video. The thing is that it is the first video of my course on the subject. Electric charge it is a property yes, that's what I say in the video, but I do not detail what type of property it is... Indeed, it is difficult to define this clearly without first defining electric fields. Maybe in the future, I will make a second video, using gravity to help. Something like that: What is (gravitational) mass: It is the property of an object that tells you how strong is the gravitational force exerted on that object in a given gravitational field. F = mg, for a given g, m tells you how strong is F. Actually, gravitational mass can also be called gravitational charge. For an electric charge, it is the same idea: just replace gravitational mass by electric charge, and gravitational field by electric field: What is an electric charge: It is the property of an object that tells you how strong is the electric force exerted on that object in a given electric field. F = qE, for a given E, q tells you how strong is F. I hope this clarifies things! " Sorry, I am not in electrical field and really like to visualize or understand what is charge, voltage, etc.": Check my other videos on these topics. Watching them all should allow you to connect the dots!

[@benlee3545]

@@PhysicsMadeEasy Great. I will watch your first video Sir. Thank you very much.

[@youtubeworld4673]

I am highly obligated to 😢 There is no who thought me charge as well as you ❤

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Thank you for your kind words. I am glad I could help.

[@jasondelay2931]

How can charge be the exchange of electrons without the electrons completely altering the atomic weight and ultimately the matter itself? I think there must be a better way to view charge than by calling it the electron. We take the “+-“ symbols for granted as if they really exist.

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

We are in a metal, where valence electrons are free to move. And an electron is not a charge, it is a charge carrier... Many confuse the two because all electrons carry a charge of -e Coulomb...

[@jasondelay2931]

We are in a metal???? What is a charge if it can be carried? Is it not that science has labeled positive and negative to something they can’t truly explain? Can we describe negative charge without electron. My first question was how can we say electrons moved from one object to another when we also say if an electron is added or removed, the atom becomes something different?

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

@@jasondelay2931 HEllo Jason. We are in a metal???? A metal has an electronic structure that is such that electrons can move around. So when we are discussing electric current, we are usually discussing the flow of charge in a metal. As an electron carries a negative charge, the charge moves with it. What is a charge if it can be carried? A property. We say that an object carries a property For example a blue car carries the property « color » of value « blue» with it. Is it not that science has labeled positive and negative to something they can’t truly explain? Yup, Franklin did. (See my video on conventional current to know more). At the time, we had to clue of what electricity was, now things have changed… Can we describe negative charge without electron. Yes, like you can describe a mass without discussing the object it relates too. An example : a sulfate ion carries a negative charge of -3.2x10-19C My first question was how can we say electrons moved from one object to another when we also say if an electron is added or removed, the atom becomes something different? Yes, it becomes an ion and thus interacts with its environment differenly. It becomes actually more reactive. This is why ionising radiation is so dangerous. If you get exposed, the radiation will eject an electron from your atoms or molecules, these became very reactive and start to do very nasty things that they do not usually do !

[@MartinGjura-ev8ou]

Nobody explains what the duck a charge is, you just repeat what is written in those stupid school books. In this video you just say that an electron has a charge of -1.6x10^-19 coulomb. Can you explain: - What does it mean 'to have a charge' ? - Why an electron has such a charge ? - How do people come up with that number ? - What charge describes ? - You say that 'charge' is just a property but you talk about it like it is a real physical thing, is 'charge' a physical thing or a behavior ? - If it is just a behavior of electron why is that behavior ? Also can you explain more using visual means like drawing for example because we are talking about real things that physically exist in our world, we dont have to imagine it using pretty words, if you fully understand the topic you are talking about, just show it us visually how it really happens, we just need to see it to understand it.

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hello Martin I got the feeling that you didn’t fully understand the video. I am sorry about that because your questions show that the content is clearly accessible to you. Maybe this comes from the way things were explained to you at school in the earlier years. I see it with my real life students all the time (I teach grades 11 and 12). When you encounter physics for the first time, in earlier grades, teachers do explain some concepts, but a young mind is not able to process the depth and importance of these concepts. Then, at later grades, they move forward and never revisit the primary notions. Big pedagogical mistake in my opinion! Teachers should take the time for this: You can build a house with crappy foundations, but then later, it crumbles under the weight. You need to maintain these foumdations to build more floors... OK, so in your case, imho, the reason you didn’t fully understand the video, is your understanding of what is physical thing, a property and a behaviour. A physical things is what we call a system. A system is a group of elementary blocks that can be dependent or not and that you consider like one single entity interacting with the rest of the Universe. For example a ball is a system made of many atoms bounded to each other. An electron is a system made of one single fundamental block (it is an elementary particle). A property is a characteristic of a system. The pen in the video is a system made of many atoms/molecules/particles bounded to each other. that system has properties: shape (cylindrical) , color (blue), mass (in Kg), charge (in Coulombs)… The behavior of the pen describes how it interacts with the rest of the universe because of its properties. When it writes, it writes blue. It is not very massive, so the gravitational force on it is small. Maybe it has a negative charge, so it attracts other systems with a positive charge etc. So now your questions: - What does it mean 'to have a charge' ? A system has a charge means that the property “charge” of that system has a value which is not zero. - Why an electron has such a charge ? Why is the Universe the way it is? We do not know. If it didn't, we wouldn't be there to talk about (atoms would not exist). - How do people come up with that number ? By measuring it. Actually, it was measured by randomly charging droplets of oil of various sizes, and measuring the electric force on these droplets, and from that back-calculating the charge of each droplet. It was noticed that the charges of the droplets were always a multiple of 1.6 *10^-19C. That number is called the elementary charge (elementary means something not made of smaller things). The electron happens to hold -1 elementary charge, and the proton +1 elementary charge. Why that number precisely? We do not really know. What we do know, is that if the charges of a proton and an electron were different, or that the elementary charge had a different value, the universe would be quite different, and we wouldn’t be able to observe and discuss about it, because we wouldn’t exist.. - What charge describes ? It is property (see above) of a system. - You say that 'charge' is just a property but you talk about it like it is a real physical thing, is 'charge' a physical thing or a behavior ? Teachers do that and I do to, because this is the property of the system that has an impact on the behavior that is being studied. For example, if discussing electric potentials, the property “mass” of the electron has no significant impact on what is being discussed. So this is why there is this “abuse of language” that helps explaining things without having to over complexify. I explain this in another video of the course btw... In other words, a charge is a property, but for sake of clarity, teachers imagine a particle that has only one property, the one of interest: charge, neglecting all other properties. So that’s why we talk directly about a charge as if it were something physical. It is fundamentally incorrect to do so, I agree, but on the long run, it make things easier for both teachers and students (if this language simplification clearly explained, which is sadly often not the case). An Example: If you have studied gravity, maybe you remember the teacher saying something like: let's consider a mass m at this position blahblah... but a mass is not a physical thing, it's the property of a thing... Note that in some quantum physics theories, physical things (systems) do not exist. The only things that physically exists are the properties… This reduces the physical universe to an abstract mathematical universe. It’s weird I know, but one needs to keep his mind open. Because we still do not understand much… - If it is just a behavior of electron why is that behavior ? As mentioned earlier behaviors (interaction with other charged systems) are the results of properties (charge) of the system (Electron) - Also can you explain more using visual means like drawing for example I do post videos with animations (What is an electric field, what is reflection, what is an EM wave…), and those with less animations are often very visual (with a white board). Learning by example is also a great way to understand things: watch these videos which involve electric charges, or even take the course. I hope this helps

[@arjunbansal7584]

@@PhysicsMadeEasy Really loved your effort i got some Excellent insights from here. Thanks

[@Plentifulsoul]

If i get good grade in physics , it would be because of u not my college teachers

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Thank you Yoonsiemin, maybe it's a combination of the two? 1/ You go to class, but don't understand what your teacher is talking about, 2/ you watch a video, and you understands the basics, 3/ You review your class notes under the new light of what you understood in 2/, and now you understand what you teacher was doing ! :-)

[@burnside9]

The charge of an electron is x unit of charges. What the hell does that actually mean

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

The mass of an object is x units of mass... A car has a mass of 1500 Kg. An electron has a charge of 1.6 x 10^-19 C

[@divyansha00]

Atoms can't be further breakable according to the textbook but it can be break down in electrons

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Atoms are compsed of a nucleus (made of protons and neutron) and electrons surrounding taht nucleus. Protons and Neutrons are composed of Quarks. Quarks and electrons are truely unbreakable (according to our knowledge), meaning these are considered like elementary particles. (elementary means here initial and smallest building blocks). In the ancient greeks, the term of atom was used to express the smallest part of matter that could not be cut further. It held and when atoms were discovered, the term 'atom' weems like a great fit. It's only later that it was realised that atoms were actually composite particles... but the term "atom" stuck.

[@sauroman1]

So what is Coulomb? Seems like Darkmatter - it exists but it's not known what it is exactly.

[@no-de3lg]

Is a material a property ?

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

It depends in which context you are saying the word ‘material’. If you are considering a given object, and you that this object is made of copper, then here the ‘material’ can be considered as a property of that body, that will in turn imply a behavior, thus other properties that emerge from it (like for example here, the body can conduct electricity). It's like 'shape or 'color'. On the other hand, if you say, I need to study some material for a test, or buy some material to build my house, then, here ‘material’ is the physical system you are considering. In that case, ‘Material’ refers to an object not a property.

[@bogdansilviuaron2392]

My fault… after noticing better the name of the channel i realise that you have to use correlations between classical and quantum for it to be more easy to understand.

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Sometimes that's true. For example, when looking at the interaction between matter and EM radiation, I find it personally easier to represent light as made of quanta of energy (photons) than as waves. Although in many video I do approach it classically, because that's how high school programs do. Anyway, whatever context I use in my video, I always make sure I specify it somewhere, as it is important to realize that what we understand of physics remains and will probably always remain a model...

[@zakirhussain-js9ku]

Electric charge is made of and is surrounded by microscopic particles collectively called electric flux. Electric flux and electric field are two different entities. Electric Flux is a physical object while electric field is a force with magnitude and direction. There is no electric field around a single charge. Electric field appears only when electric fluxes of two or more charges interact with each other.

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hello Zakir, as mentioned in previous comments, a flux is not a physical object per say, it is a basic mathematical construct to represent a quantity... here a flow. (Flux = flux density like E (electric filed strength) or B (electric flux density) X Cross section or Area). The electric flux is not made of particles...

[@sataanand533]

Electron is sub atomic, 1 billion electrons transferred from wool to Pen..... IN which atom(s) will electron transferred to

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Electrons are sub-atomic particles, but they can also "live" independently (for example an electron beam in an accelerator). When rubbing, they are transferred to wherever or whatever molecule they are more attracted too (more precisely, to the position where there will have the less electrical potential energy, i.e. the position of most positive potential).

[@Sazidalia]

but its n chap electrical charge.

[@goodjujusound7906]

Obviously its a property 🤦‍♂️ but i want a description of this property There are a bajillion things i can label as a property........ That doesnt help me get any closer to understanding what it does or why we even bother to measure it

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

The description of the property 'charge' is: the susceptibility of experiencing a force when placed in an electric field. Quantitatively, it is the force experienced per unit of electric field strength it is exposed to. If you are interested, I detail this more in the video what is an electric field. You can use an analogy that might help: It's the same definition as gravitational mass: The susceptibility of experiencing a force when placed in a gravitational field, and quantitatively, the force experienced per unit of gravitational field strength it is exposed to. I hope this helps :-)

[@nafeesahmad1375]

An electron has a negative charge. A proton has a positive. Gravity exists. What are these charges? what is gravity?

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Many questions... some things we now, some things we don't... for charges, see my previous comment. As for gravity, the theory that fits best with observation is Einstein's General relativity... But is gravity really what this theory describe it is (The consequence of the curvature of space time)? I probably won't be alive anymore when / if humanity finds out...

[@absurdist5938]

Cool

[@nafeesahmad1375]

yes, but what is a charge itself? nobody knows yet???

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hello Nafees, maybe I was not clear enough in the video, my apologies. A charge is the property of an object that causes that object to experience a force when placed in an electric field. The value of the charge expresses the strength of that force per unit of electric field. It is analog to gravitational mass (when you have mass in a gravitational field, you fall...).

[@mani-rn1xh]

Oils have electric charge

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

At the level of these big molecules, you should talk about electric dipole moments. (See my video on dielectrics for more info about this notion).

[@LuckySingh-jt4hk]

Sir hindi m bna do video

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hi, I don't speak Hindi! Maybe advances in AI technology will able to translate videos on the go, when this happens, sure I'll give it a try.

[@muhammadqadeer3535]

Hello

[@LuckySingh-jt4hk]

Plz sir

[@georgeupsetyt5558]

This is shalaye

[@slyy4096]

too bad, can't show experiment with his hair.

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

lol! Maybe a should look for a long-haired assistant...

[@ananyaneelakantam5277]

Nah not for me a dislike

[@galactic2219]

You only said, what everyone knows... And your talk not talked about charge

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

Hi Jishnu, yes I did. Maybe you were not paying attention ;-). Charge is the property of a body, and it implies that this body follows a specific behavior. However, you might want something a little more in depth. I have a course on Udemy that deals with the basics of electricity, with a full hour first section dedicated entirely to electric charges. Maybe that is what you are looking for: www.udemy.com/course/electricity-the-basics/

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

@Adibaku Majid Hi Adibaku, Don’t worry, I am not taking this like a negative comment ;-)! I will try another angle: How do you define (gravitational) mass? Gravitational mass is the property of a body that tells you how much force is applied on that body (= how much it weighs) when placed in a given gravitational field. Charge is the same idea but for electric fields: if you want, you could call it electric mass (reversely, you could call gravitational mass, gravitational charge too). The charge of an object will tell you how much force this object will experience in a given electric field. If you like, you can also visualize electric charge like what triggers the electric force when the object is in an electric field. FYI, there are actually 4 types of charges in Physics: mass (gravitational Force), electric charge (electromagnetic Force), color charge (Strong Force) and isospin (Weak Force). All of these are properties, and when an object has one of more of these properties, it will be affected by the corresponding forces. Does this help?

[@PhysicsMadeEasy]

@Adibaku Majid That could be a description of a specific case, but not a definition. Electrons and protons are attracted to each other because both have a charge, it is true, but that phenomena is not what defines charge. a proton carries a charge which creates an electric field around it, therefore, the electron, charged also and being in the electric field created by the proton will feel a force (and vice versa). You can check this video for more info about electric fields: kzbin.info/www/bejne/nqOrdJ1mbsSXpsU Charge is a property of a particle, but it can also be a property of any object that is made of numerous particles (the charges of all these particles add up to produce the charge of the object)… That property being how much force is applied to that object when placed in a given electric field.

[@galactic2219]

@@PhysicsMadeEasy I haven't critizing you. But I asked many about what's a charge is, and all answered this in different way. And that explanation, including in the video is an idea of the explanation of electricity. And it not an definition of electric charge