What is Quantum Tunneling? | Neil deGrasse Tyson Explains…

[@ballubodalawala7662]

We need review on new images of James web

[@david_oliveira71]

@@LawrenceReitan relax. He or she is just excited and interested. No need to be so serious about forgetting a please

[@fizzy1922]

I agree we, the people, would like a JWST update now the new images are out

[@gregft1979]

Quite right, the sense of timing is very unfortunate here, uploading this video on the day of JWST !

[@TheExplodingGerbil]

Heck yes please !!

[@UniversoulUniversity]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/oJXbiXSZeNyHaMk

[@davidjames8505]

I'm so happy that this knowledge(startalk) is so accessible and helpful. Learning these things and topics as a human on this earth makes my day everytime. Thank you Niel and Chuck

[@davidjames8505]

*Neil

[@StarTalk]

Reading these comments makes our day every time!

[@EmpyreanLightASMR]

I read about this in an article a few years back and it blew my mind. The Sun does not have the temperature or the pressure to actually make hydrogen into helium... it's all quantum tunneling. Want to know something else cool? The Sun emits photons of light that hit your face when you look up on a nice day. How old are those photons? Anywhere from 100,000 to 1 million years old!! They were emitted in the chain reaction the Sun uses to make helium, and they are a photon of incredible energy, but there's so many of them in the interior of the Sun, it's (to use Neil's analogy) like a power celebrity trying to leave a party. When we, as a species, were learning to walk upright and make tools, that photon was bouncing about, making its way through all the layers of the Sun, losing energy with every "bounce" and then once it escaped... it still took another 8 minutes and 20 seconds. Also, you weren't in that place in space 8 minutes ago. That photon was headed toward the blackness of space, but the Earth "moved into view" within those 8 minutes and whammo... sunshine!

[@AJD...]

Heard the term quantum tunnling lots of time, but this is the best explanation I've ever come across

[@kt420ish]

I was thinking the same thing

[@StarTalk]

Hope we made some things clear!

[@longjohn526]

True brilliance is the ability to make the complex simple to understand. As an EE Ohm's Law is one of my favorites because it is so simple yet explains so much

[@MenelmacarGR]

Neil is so charismatic and explains even the most difficult facts to grasp so smoothly in an easy-to-understand way.

[@StarTalk]

That's why he's our personal astrophysicist!

[@Woowoobang]

Hey Neil just wanted to say thanks for rekindling my passion for science and learning. I have worked as an electronic test technician the past few years and just recently started my position as an emc test engineer. I am 42 yrs old and will continue to develop this passion of mine, even though I missed out on some time or was late to the party. I'm here now and here to stay. Thanks Neil, science genuinely makes my life exponentially better.

[@johnyepthomi892]

I couldn’t think of anything better than to do something that keeps you learning and exploring rather than idling in front of a t.v complaining about life and the past. Please continue in that path and you’ll be more happy and fulfilled. Kudos to you my friend.

[@StarTalk]

If we can put you in touch with a passion for science, we've done our job right. Glad to hear it!

[@michaelbariso3192]

lol... The time traveling Voyager 1 space probe launched in 1977 is still communicating with Earth having left our solar system, even if it traveled another 14 billion years provided the circuitry held up it would still communicate back to Earth. Light and images travel both ways, aliens in distant galaxies using similar James Webb telescopes would also see the light and images from our Milky Way galaxy. Just because the light and images from planet Mars are assumed to take 20 minutes to reach earth does not mean the Martians have traveled into another space-time dimension where the stars, planets and galaxies are in different locations from Earth. Time and distance cannot be relative to other objects in space-time as that would violate the law of conservation of energy. To travel distance requires potential energy, an observer can have no effect on a moving objects kinetic energy-Relativity debunked. If there is no universal time in time dilation then there are no universal coordinates so time couldn't exist. Explain how moving clocks can run slow without having a universal time :-). Traveling at a different speed from the stationary clock having no universal time, all the stars, planets and galaxies would be in a different place in the universe so distance for the observer could never be calculated. When certain frequencies of light are shined onto metal electrons are ejected instantaneously without delay according to the photoelectric effect yet Einstein's disciples tell us the speed of light is limited to 186,000 miles per second. Doublethink is the act of accepting two conflicting beliefs as truth. Time and distance cannot be relative to other objects in space-time as that would violate the law of conservation of energy. Light travels in both directions, anyone having a conversation with their friends understands this simple phenomenon yet Einstein's disciples believe people on earth are time traveling backwards and forwards in space-time relative to one another. Testing the speed light on Earth is like riding a bicycle up hill, gravity will show you down. The biggest threat to humanity is human stupidity. Explain how you can see and feel the infrared warmth of the Sun coming up on Earths horizon when light-speed (Einstein's space-time) tells us the Sun is supposedly 8 minutes and 20 seconds in a past dimension of space-time. Explain how moving clocks can run slow without having a universal time :-). Doublethink is the act of accepting two conflicting beliefs as truth. The communications delay between Earth and Mars is approximately 20 minutes. We're either viewing the light from Mars in the future, Einstein's past dimensions of space-time or in real time, which do you think is more logical? Einstein's relativity is wrong light has no limitation of speed; it cannot be slowed down because it isn't moving. From every vantage point in the universe light is omnidirectional-instantaneously traveling in both directions. Light and electromagnetic waves are independent of each other. According to Einstein's relativity-time dilation's, photos taken of the Earth from the Discovery Space station traveled from the past to the future violating the laws of physics, conservation of energy and common sense. According to Einstein's projectile light particle proton light has a (constant speed) of 186,000 miles per second moving through spacetime, but if light has a (constant speed) then moving clocks cannot run slow through spacetime! :-). The speed of light according to Einstein's relativity is 186,000 miles per second, but according to physics if two mechanical watches were synchronized on earth and one traveled across the universe and back, there would be no difference in time between the mechanical watches proving the speed of light is instantaneous as the only way a mechanical watch will run slow is if you tighten the main spring. Big Bang, Einstein's relativity-time dilation and nearly all of science debunked. Using optical clocks, lasers and GPS to prove Einstein's time dilation-space-time curvature is like using a metal detector to find gold at Fort Knox. The closer you are to the electromagnetic fields, mass and gravity of the earth the more light bends aka gravitational lensing. If the speed of light is constant then past and future dimensions of spacetime and an expanding universe would not be possible, obviously destroying the twins paradox as each twin cannot move faster or slower than the other. A mirror is a wave reflector that flips images from left to right, but according to Einstein the images you see are the result of projectile light particle photons being transported into past and future dimensions of space-time. Explain how particle light photons can re-converge their molecular structures in mirrors and how this is done without violating the law of conservation of energy. From every vantage point in the universe light is omnidirectional-instantaneously traveling in all directions (forwards and backwards through Einstein's space-time) while violating the law of conservation of energy. Explain how Einstein's projectile light particle proton can travel all directions having a (constant speed) of 186,000 miles per second. Einstein would have made a great used car salesman :-). Light waves can stretch, bend-curve and occupy a state of superposition, whereas the hypothetical Einstein projectile light particle (photon), a particle that has never been observed cannot. Unlike a TV or computer monitor the images we are viewing in the universe are in real time, not a series of frames that create the appearance of a moving image. There are no DCU digital convergence circuits in space yet Einstein's disciples believe the light and moving images they see in the universe aren't really there, they're just video recorded images of the past 13.8 billion years. You could lead a cult to water, but you can't make them think. Neither time, energy nor mass can create itself into nothing, reside in nothing or expand into nothing simply because nothing has no properties. Time and space are independent of each other, not material bodies or fantasy unions that magically stretch Time, energy, and matter like a rubber band into space-time dimensions. Einstein's projectile light particle proton has a (constant speed) of 186,000 miles per second moving through spacetime and because so wavelengths of light cannot stretch through spacetime! Red-shifts are simply the result of decelerating electrons, as moving electrons of charged electromagnetic waves-light travel through the plasma of the universe each lump (or "quanta") of energy in the electromagnetic waves are charged then discharged to the next lump, eventually the energy dissipates causing the delay in radio communications giving the appearance of time dilation - longer wavelengths in red shift. Will the James Webb Telescope view the birth of the first galaxies? Nope, the universe goes on to infinity. Neither time, the atom, energy nor mass can create itself into nothing, reside in nothing or expand into nothing simply because nothing has no properties. The James Webb Space Telescope is not a time machine, you can’t travel back in time to view the beginning of the universe with telescopes that were made in the future :-). Light and electromagnetic waves are independent of each other. If science uses Einstein's wrongly theorized speed of light like an odometer to calculate past dimensions of distance and time, then using that same method to calculate forward dimensions of distance and time would mean the Big Bang was created and expanded in the future before time existed. Unlike a television or computer monitor the images we are viewing in the universe are in real time, not a series of still image frames that hypothetical Einstein projectile light particles photons create to give us the appearance of a moving image :-).

[@michaelbariso3192]

The speed of electromagnetic wave is 186,282 miles per second vs Einstein's projectile light particle proton at 186,000 miles per second. Is this a coincidence or did Einstein plagiarize yet another phenomenon to fit the math of relativity? Electromagnetic waves in space can neither slow down or speed up, this is consistent with the law of conservation of energy. If light slowed down, its energy would decrease, thereby violating the law of conservation of energy so the speed of light is instantaneous and cannot travel slower than it does. If Einstein's projectile light (particle photon) had mass it's light could not travel across the universe, high speed particles traveling at 186,000 miles per second would break the Hubble and James Webb telescope mirrors, debunking the speed of light, Big Bang, Einstein's relativity and any science that uses relativity in their theories. Similar to a mirror light is a real-time wave reflector where light and images travel in straight lines-in all directions in space as they do on earth. The faintest stars and galaxies are neither in a past or future dimension of Einstein's space-time, they're in real-time. Light and images travel both ways, aliens in distant galaxies using similar James Webb telescopes would also see the light from our Milky Way galaxy. Everyone knows cell phone electromagnetic radio waves travel both ways, yet Einstein's disciples believe time energy, mass and light can only travel one way back in time. If you simply run the Big Bang theory in reverse you reveal the insanity of Einstein's relativity and Big Bang theory. If the expansion of the Big Bang were true, time, energy, mass and light would be in the future from the vantage point of an expanding singularity-Big Bang and planet Earth would now reside in a past dimension of Einstein's time dilation (moving clocks run slow) space-time 13.8 billion years ago :-). From every vantage point in the universe light is omnidirectional-instantaneously traveling in both directions (forwards and backwards through Einstein's space-time) while violating the law of conservation of energy. Explain how Einstein's projectile light particle proton can travel in both directions having a (constant speed) of 186,000 miles per second :-) There are no DCU digital convergence circuits in space, yet Einstein's disciples believe the light and moving images they see in the universe aren't really there, they're just recorded images of the past 13.8 billion years. Pretending not to notice the gross contradictions-pseudoscience in Relativity is typical of Einstein's disciples, devaluing the source of any information that's in contradiction with their beliefs-theories. You could lead a cult to water, but you can't make them think. If the light from the universe travels to past dimensions of time then it's light is also traveling into future dimensions of time (instantaneously). “And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.” a state of superposition where time and gravity run inwardly, outwardly, in all directions in the same time frame, similar to the electromagnetic field having no beginning and no end. The Doppler effect is wrongly conflated with cosmological Redshift. As one approaches a blowing horn the perceived pitch is higher until the horn is reached, then becomes lower as the horn is passed. This phenomenon is caused by the physical movement of a mechanical soundwave traveling through the medium of air, similar to throwing a rock in a pond, the rock creates physical movement in the medium of water. Cosmological Redshifts are merely the GoPro fisheye effect where wavelengths appear to lengthen-stretch from the phenomenon of gravitational lensing. "I am the Alpha and the Omega, the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End" If space was curved-warped according to Albert Einstein's curved-warped gravity theory gravity waves would effect time and the perfect balance in solar system orbital mechanics throwing planets off course-out of orbit in a collision course towards the sun where a planets gravity and time would increase and decrease with different velocity rates as they ascend and descend the curves of gravity waves. According to general relativity ie gravitational lensing (a warped field of vision in telescopes) is due to (mass) between a distant light source and the observer. If that were true earths huge mass would distort the light of the observer as well making telescopes unusable. So only other planets in the universe are affected by gravitational waves? In 1916 before it was known that man could travel in space Albert Einstein based his gravitational wave theory on relativity. In 2021 most of us realize if gravitational waves existed in space astronauts would be crushed like an underwater diver traveling to the bottom of the sea. Einstein's disciples defend relativity by saying gravity is a weak force, yeah so weak it affects planets and galaxies just not astronauts, the discovery space station or droplets of water in space? According to time dilation there is no universal time in the universe so all the stars galaxies and planets have different coordinates in space-time, if that were true astronomy software wouldn't work, light-speed and space travel couldn't be calculated. Explain how the James Webb space telescope can time travel into the past to view the physical properties of matter as it was 14 billion years ago with the simple technology of a telescope :-). Explain how you can see and feel the infrared warmth of the Sun coming up on Earths horizon when light-speed (Einstein's space-time) tells us the Sun is supposedly 8 minutes and 20 seconds in a past dimension of space-time. Traveling at a different speed from the stationary clock having no universal time, all the stars, planets and galaxies would be in a different place in the universe so distance for the observer could never be calculated. Twins paradox debunked. If there is no universal time in time dilation then there are no universal coordinates so time couldn't exist. Explain how moving clocks can run slow without having a universal time :-). Doublethink is the act of accepting two conflicting beliefs as truth. Explain how you can see and feel the infrared warmth of the Sun coming up on Earths horizon when light-speed (Einstein's space-time) tells us the Sun is supposedly 8 minutes and 20 seconds in a past dimension of space-time. When certain frequencies of light are shined onto metal electrons are ejected instantaneously without delay according to the photoelectric effect yet Einstein's disciples tell us the speed of light is limited to 186,000 miles per second. Testing the speed light on Earth is like riding a bicycle up hill, gravity will show you down. If light has a limitation of speed how do Einstein's disciples explain time dilation and the increasingly faster rate of expansion of the theorized Big Bang? Maxwell's equations state light has a constant speed of 299792458 m/s but if light slowed down its kinetic energy would decrease, thereby violating the law of conservation of energy. To govern, limit or decelerate kinetic energy takes more kinetic energy duh Applying the same equations of Einstein's time dilation on earth a Democrats gravity, speech, hearing and eyesight would be in a past dimension of space-time :-). Einstein Special Relativity Debunked for Beginners kzbin.info/www/bejne/gnzbkJ2VaL-gbJo via @KZbin Testing the speed light on Earth is like riding a bicycle up hill, gravity will show you down. If light has a limitation of speed how do Einstein's disciples explain time dilation and the increasingly faster rate of expansion of the theorized Big Bang? Maxwell's equations state light has a constant speed of 299792458 m/s but if light slowed down its kinetic energy would decrease, thereby violating the law of conservation of energy. To govern, limit or decelerate kinetic energy takes more kinetic energy. Albert Einstein, an autistic violinist patent clerk that had access to more papers than Suzanne Somers litter box yet creates theories with more bugs than Terminix- Magnetron

[@nishthaarora3347]

If only all physics teachers talked this way. 😌

[@pboston6RR]

My thinking also as I watched this develop. Physics teachers don’t usually try to teach this because the basics of physics is number related and equation intensive. Neil is a descriptive physicist in that he is able to take what pure physics defines and translate it into concept based discussions. Having taught both physics and chemistry on a beginner level, I found that chemistry lent itself to kind of mental modeling of the structure of things. In chemistry we don’t see the atoms we are dealing with as individual entities but rather we deal in moles and just use definitions. The math is secondary to the observable results of a reaction. Loud noises, bright flasher=s and bubbles are much easier to observe than the measurement of physical phenomena. In chemistry we did the math things but we loved the hidden concepts like SPDF description of electron energy levels rather than the common misrepresentation of electrons traveling in rings around the nucleus. Spectral lines are described as changes of the energy levels as atoms excited by an external force return to their ground state. Tons of fun for high school students as they are shown what happens when scientists merge chemistry and physics, and often math.

[@jag731]

Loving the Quantum explainers. Keep them coming! This Quantum Tunneling makes for a good Tshirt. "Why travel, when you're already there?"

[@StarTalk]

Excellent t-shirt idea! You better get to it before someone beats you there ;)

[@bluceree7312]

"Why travel when you can Quantum tunnel?"

[@822dudes9]

Today is Teacher's Day in India, thanks for teaching me soo much for so long, for free. Happy Teachers Day to both of you beautiful souls ♥️☘️

[@garrettrussell7281]

I love the balance that these two bring to the show.

[@Trustfuleevees]

I just love them having a good time explaining this. I understood quantum tunneling before but explaining that it was because of particle/wave duality and the probability-based nature of the wave state helped me understand why exactly it happens.

[@FrozenLabRat]

this always break my head.. How can a particle be a wave? I understand that a stream of particles can behave like a wave, just like if I imagine water molecules behaving together as wave but.. How can one water particle be a wave?

[@tjdusz6497]

@@FrozenLabRat ever see soap in oil disperse

[@StarTalk]

Glad this explanation helped!

[@KingNedya]

@@FrozenLabRat I could be wrong but, from my understanding, the particle itself isn't actually a wave, but rather the probability of it being at any one point in space can be described as a wave function, with different points on the wave reflecting different points in space where that particle could be, with its most likely position being at the peak of the crest.

[@SpotterVideo]

Conservation of Spatial Curvature (both Matter and Energy described as "Quanta" of Spatial Curvature) Is there an alternative interpretation of "Asymptotic Freedom"? What if Quarks are actually made up of twisted tubes which become physically entangled with two other twisted tubes to produce a proton? Instead of the Strong Force being mediated by the exchange of gluons, it would be mediated by the physical entanglement of these twisted tubes. When only two twisted tubules are entangled, a meson is produced which is unstable and rapidly unwinds (decays) into something else. A proton would be analogous to three twisted rubber bands becoming entangled and the "Quarks" would be the places where the tubes are tangled together. The behavior would be the same as rubber balls (representing the Quarks) connected with twisted rubber bands being separated from each other or placed closer together producing the exact same phenomenon as "Asymptotic Freedom" in protons and neutrons. The force would become greater as the balls are separated, but the force would become less if the balls were placed closer together. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- String Theory was not a waste of time, because Geometry is the key to Math and Physics. However, can we describe Standard Model interactions using only one extra spatial dimension? What if we describe subatomic particles as spatial curvature, instead of trying to describe General Relativity as being mediated by particles? Fixing the Standard Model with more particles is like trying to mend a torn fishing net with small rubber balls, instead of a piece of twisted twine. Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: “We are all agreed that your theory is crazy. The question which divides us is whether it is crazy enough to have a chance of being correct.” Neils Bohr (lecture on a theory of elementary particles given by Wolfgang Pauli in New York, c. 1957-8, in Scientific American vol. 199, no. 3, 1958) The following is meant to be a generalized framework for an extension of Kaluza-Klein Theory. Does it agree with the “Twistor Theory” of Roger Penrose, and the work of Eric Weinstein on “Geometric Unity”? During the early history of mankind, the twisting of fibers was used to produce thread, and this thread was used to produce fabrics. The twist of the thread is locked up within these fabrics. Is matter made up of twisted 3D-4D structures which store spatial curvature that we describe as “particles"? Are the twist cycles the "quanta" of Quantum Mechanics? When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. ( E=hf, More spatial curvature as the frequency increases = more Energy ). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are a part of the quarks. Quarks cannot exist without gluons, and vice-versa. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Charge" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" are logically based on this concept. The Dirac “belt trick” also reveals the concept of twist in the ½ spin of subatomic particles. If each twist cycle is proportional to h, we have identified the source of Quantum Mechanics as a consequence twist cycle geometry. Modern physicists say the Strong Force is mediated by a constant exchange of Mesons. The diagrams produced by some modern physicists actually represent the Strong Force like a spring connecting the two quarks. Asymptotic Freedom acts like real springs. Their drawing is actually more correct than their theory and matches perfectly to what I am saying in this model. You cannot separate the Gluons from the Quarks because they are a part of the same thing. The Quarks are the places where the Gluons are entangled with each other. Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. The twist in the torus can either be Right-Hand or Left-Hand. Some twisted donuts can be larger than others, which can produce three different types of neutrinos. If a twisted tube winds up on one end and unwinds on the other end as it moves through space, this would help explain the “spin” of normal particles, and perhaps also the “Higgs Field”. However, if the end of the twisted tube joins to the other end of the twisted tube forming a twisted torus (neutrino), would this help explain “Parity Symmetry” violation in Beta Decay? Could the conversion of twist cycles to writhe cycles through the process of supercoiling help explain “neutrino oscillations”? Spatial curvature (mass) would be conserved, but the structure could change. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons? Does an electron travel through space like a threaded nut traveling down a threaded rod, with each twist cycle proportional to Planck’s Constant? Does it wind up on one end, while unwinding on the other end? Is this related to the Higgs field? Does this help explain the strange ½ spin of many subatomic particles? Does the 720 degree rotation of a 1/2 spin particle require at least one extra dimension? Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons . Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. The production of the torus may help explain the “Symmetry Violation” in Beta Decay, because one end of the broken tube section is connected to the other end of the tube produced, like a snake eating its tail. The phenomenon of Supercoiling involving twist and writhe cycles may reveal how overtwisted quarks can produce these new particles. The conversion of twists into writhes, and vice-versa, is an interesting process, which is also found in DNA molecules. Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves. The “Electric Charge” of electrons or positrons would be the result of one twist cycle being displayed at the 3D-4D surface interface of the particle. The physical entanglement of twisted tubes in quarks within protons and neutrons and mesons displays an overall external surface charge of an integer number. Because the neutrinos do not have open tube ends, (They are a twisted torus.) they have no overall electric charge. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Within this model a black hole could represent a quantum of gravity, because it is one cycle of spatial gravitational curvature. Therefore, instead of a graviton being a subatomic particle it could be considered to be a black hole. The overall gravitational attraction would be caused by a very tiny curvature imbalance within atoms. We know there is an unequal distribution of electrical charge within each atom because the positive charge is concentrated within the nucleus, even though the overall electrical charge of the atom is balanced by equal positive and negative charge. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137. 1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface 137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted. The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.) >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> How many neutrinos are left over from the Big Bang? They have a small mass, but they could be very large in number. Could this help explain Dark Matter? >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Why did Paul Dirac use the twist in a belt to help explain particle spin? Is Dirac’s belt trick related to this model? Is the “Quantum” unit based on twist cycles? ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ I started out imagining a subatomic Einstein-Rosen Bridge whose internal surface is twisted with either a Right-Hand twist, or a Left-Hand twist producing a twisted 3D/4D membrane. The model grew out of that simple idea. I was also trying to imagine a way to stuff the curvature of a 3 D sine wave into subatomic particles. .

[@DopeDude1231]

I’d love to sit in on a lecture with Neil as a professor makes all that I learned at university sound so much simpler than how my physics professors taught us

[@deathlord028]

Imagine being friends with Neil and getting to have these conversations on a regular basis.

[@StarTalk]

Our StarTalk fans are friends!

[@KC-nd7nt]

Really shocked there was not a commercial preceding the content . Cash grab Neil . Way to go educator

[@gameswithfriends3769]

every episode of startalk makes me so happy! I love science and knowledge in general 😃

[@StarTalk]

Glad we could make you happy! :)

[@ThorPalsson]

Really love that heart on your wall Chuck

[@cgdonut27]

I tried watching this 3 times before and still counter understand what the topic of this video is but I will watch as many times as it takes me

[@kvsk002]

I surprised how easily tyson explained this complicated concept🤗

[@davidbarts6144]

Probably the best explanation I've seen about it. Tunneling is merely how quantum uncertainty expresses itself in the presence of an energy barrier. Nothing more, nothing less. So many present it as some sort of separate, distinct thing. Tunneling is no surprise: in fact, the surprise would be if it DID NOT happen. It was predicted to exist before it was observed; the predictions inspired the experiments that verified its existence.

[@gtbrown001]

Could you talk about the "no information" theory (or whatever it's called) and why it prevents us from using quantum tunneling as a way of communicating across the galaxy? Thanks!

[@billvinson7859]

I like to use the analogy of pouring a drink in a glass and as you pour, a drop of liquid comes out and lands on the countertop. It borrows energy and I have to clean up the countertop.

[@manslaughterinc.9135]

Question about the collapse of a wave function. Does a wave function collapse for a photon if it is manipulated by gravity? If not, can gravity skew the function to probabilistically land on the other side of the potential barrier? But if it does collapse, does it return to a probabilistic state after it leaves the gravitational field?

[@TJ-hs1qm]

tunneling is also what makes fusion hard to replicate. There's just not enough stuff in the lab.

[@MidwestWind]

Wow

[@_Killkor]

I guess this is why we need much higher temperatures than in the centers of stars, so it's more probable to happen with less stuff.

[@gandolph999]

These discussions are informative and excellent in how they make the subject matter accessible. I suspect that many people following this channel don't normally follow astrophysics (as well as the many who do follow astrophysics). Dr. Tyson is enthusiastic and keeps it interesting. Quantum tunneling. Nice.

[@Mutual_Information]

How is this video not about James Webb!?

[@aprylvanryn5898]

Probably because everything is prerecorded. Hopefully in the next week we get a video. For now, WSF just had a fantastic show about JWST. It aired like half an hour ago and I strongly suggest you check it out

[@anubhavpathak2131]

love these 10 min vdos. previously i used to feel lazy playing those 1 hour plus vdos. thanks

[@Doctor_C_Jack]

I had so much trouble trying to understand quantum tunnelling before this video. After I watched it, I still don't completely understand it, but at least I'm not 100% clueless about what it is and how it works now.

[@johnsimonson588]

My favorite channel. Would Love to see Scott Manley as a guest on StarTalk. Like that rocket science too

[@pbtrey8]

I can not believe I have not watched these gentleman before. Great conversations and humorous

[@89liveforthemoment]

Yo Neil & Chuck, please can we have a video to cover those 12 most freaky quantum physics phenomenon? Love your videos, really bringing back my thirst for further understanding and abundance of inquisitive fascination in physics ✌️

[@VRonkiej]

I love the "oh, oh, one more thing . . . " It's always something good.

[@debbiehoagland548]

Oooh another explainer video! Thank you! I look so forward to these. I just cant get enough of these explainer videos.

[@pboston6RR]

In the 1960’s my high school chemistry students were told of the “angelic “ properties of particles/waves (wavicles?) as we discussed the SPDF properties of atoms. I’m pleased to see that the ability of particles (electrons in this case) to cease existence in one place and become in another without traversing the intervening ng space, is still being discussed. And that was High School Chemistry my way. Young minds are far more capable than they are given credit for, if only we offer them alternatives. Keep up the ‘spraining guys. Thanks

[@hoda09000]

Nice, I was afraid to click on it and intimidated by the title, Turned out to be easy and really fascinating Any thing with the word "Quantum" in it you know that you in for a ride

[@ryanjbuchanan]

This is one of the most underappreciated phenomenon in modern science.!

[@schmetterling4477]

Huh? We teach this in undergrad physics all the time. If you want to see a classical example of it... it's skin effect. Every electrician knows about it. :-)

[@michaelccopelandsr7120]

Neil and Chuck for 2024

[@thundercatt5265]

See the speed of light equation within the great pyramid,it can be a portal, see the north face entrance ,a starshift was removed, we can fix it together

[@Rajat23J]

Chuck has been on ample number of episodes. I guess Neil should now take his test.

[@longlostkryptonian5797]

I have never heard this explanation for fusion before.I’m very happily more informed. Thank you gentlemen!

[@tuhalu4123]

When it comes to science, this guy has a lot of explaining to do.

[@desertshadow6098]

Nice tunneling talk. Eddington was probably sweating it too until Heisenbergs uncertainty principle saved the day for the temperature difference required for the fusion😄

[@autumnsah3282]

Hello Dr. Tyson and Chuck! Can you please do a video about the new Webb Images. I would very much appreciate hearing you speak in detail on the findings in those images 🤗🤗🤗

[@Green_Expedition_Drgn]

How are you not making a video about the pictures Neil? Omg! They are so amazing!

[@stephenearly4057]

I was just talking about this with someone that said you can’t defy physics ( when they told me that it’s impossible to leave our solar system) I said there’s always a loop hole or workaround in everything.

[@SimonHollandfilms]

Niell ... how far can it tunnel? is the 'wave' infinite sized in some probability? can it tunnel though space? or only atomic structure?

[@nikolaspatelis149]

I think we need a quantum physics series of explainers from Dr.Tyson

[@ilaphroaig]

Hoped for an explainer on the new JWST pictures.

[@shivercanada]

Don’t ever lose Chuck!

[@georged7627]

If we come from and are made from the universe and stars just imagine the energy we can harness from ourselves...The universe is just full of energy, we just need to figure out how to harness this energy..What a time to be alive WOW 🙏🏽💪👍🏾

[@thebigt-rex4464]

Hey Neil, it would be nice if you could do an explainer on the 4 fundamental forces.

[@ItsJustAisling]

Hyped for the BEC explainer

[@bobby1979L]

I can listen to this brilliant mind speak for hours......

[@MisfitReptilesAquatics]

Would really love to hear that discussion about Bose-Einstein condensates, pretty cool topic! Thank you for allowing us to learn so much!

[@ronalendow5397]

Neil....please make episodes on all 12 spooky subjects of Quantum Physics....we want to know......🤘

[@otrenigmaandy7443]

I do want to hear about that ‘Bose-Einstein Condensate’

[@solidspirit2365]

Good Stuff Brothers Neil and chuck. Neil...would you like to co create/develop a high quality Mass Effect style game? But instead of all the usual shooting and Miltary elements it's just pure science and Benevolent/intelligent missions, developing human/alien other worldly civilisations, tech, planetary problem solving, with beautiful starship designs, Cinematics, epic star/planet/moon visuals & a great multiple path story. Much Love 🌍

[@michaelccopelandsr7120]

I believe quantum particles are particles that exist in past, present and future at the same time. That's why quantum particles that do not connect in any way, react the same way. It's the same particle. "How do these particles come to exist in all of time, at the same time," you ask. Maybe the same way all of matter gets focused to one point. Remember, crazy is a compliment.

[@peter5.056]

It's apparent that quantum particles are cross sections of higher dimensional objects. They behave just like a 5D solid would, if it passed through a 4D spacetime. You see it pop into and out of your universe. That's where my intuition leads me, anyway;)

[@axelio3885]

If your theory is valid that could be a way to travel across space without suffering the effects of time dilation

[@davidt3956]

Good shrooms?

[@michaelccopelandsr7120]

@@davidt3956 nah, just bored and a HUGE fan of StarTalk. Why? ;-P

[@peter5.056]

@@axelio3885 Time dilation is only a problem if you're stuck in our 4D universe. That's the problem. Quite simple really/ But like ants stuck in glue, simplicity is unbreakable.

[@mikey20is]

I had an intellectual understanding of quantum tunneling( barely), neil created a light bulb going off in my head that made it so much more real and understandable.

[@frankthebaldguy9819]

You fine gentlemen are National Treasures.

[@thelastbananapoo4915]

they are they helped with the

[@raymond.ironbody.mckinney5470]

Life is ONE simultaneously interconnected, orchestrated, respondent moment, HERE and NOW.

[@Vedoibambinipovri]

Dear Neil and Chuck, would you please consider making a video on what has been discovered by the JW telescope so far? There are so many click-baits out there I had to stop looking. Love your content!!!

[@pixelcatcher123]

Found this channel today trough yt allegorism, ty yt always thought that nil is funny asf but he is much funnier ( sry for bad english ) :;D

[@ashutosh-ql3gm]

Sir plss one video on the images by james webb telescope ; since common people like us don't have that much information about all different aspects involved in getting these pictures + what is the importance + many many things u want to tell about these ...plss sir 🧡🧡😌✨

[@joshfremin2725]

Would like to hear more on fermionic condensate and it's relation to coronal mass ejections

[@rushfan1970]

Chuck, you are always just such a delight!! And of course, I can never get enough Dr. NDT, Thank you!!👏🏼💗✌🏼

[@beercraft2]

Thanks Neil and chuck! You guys make astrophysics fun!

[@eduverse1948]

The average kinetic energy (avg. K.E is temperature) necessary for two protons to overcome their mutual Coulomb barrier is 10 million degrees Kelvin, to be precise. The point is that since there are a lot of protons in the Sun, Statistical Mechanics says there should be a distribution of velocities. So that means some will have adequate velocities to fuse, while some won't. But to explain the energy output of the Sun, we have to invoke Quantum Tunneling to explain the fusion of those particles in that distribution which don't have enough velocity. That's the crux of it.

[@cybervoid8442]

Kinetic energy is not measured in "degrees Kelvin". Please read a book

[@eduverse1948]

@@cybervoid8442 FYI, I am a Physics major at university, and I know my units well. Temperature is defined as the average kinetic energy of an ensemble. I mentioned it in parantheses.

[@nohedsheikh3764]

Chuck acts like he is another knowledgeable person who discusses the ideas of quantum

[@tanmoybhattacharjee8240]

Can u also do an explainer on pentaquarks and tetraquarks? The Color charges and somehow can we connect this with quantum entanglement ?

[@thedreamdedrenavelour3678]

When you say Get them close enough.. is that close in proximity or close in energy or temp??

[@x_capt_x9584]

I agree with the James Webb comment....but, I want the 1.5 hour version of this video

[@petetong3166]

Would love more quantum stuff you explain stuff to a very simple level which is good with something as complex as quantum world

[@MrRjhyt]

3:10 If you reverse the calculations and work backwards you can create the Infinite Improbability Drive! Good ol' Douglas Adams.

[@ZeroOskul]

Consider a radio wave being picked up from beyond a wall. That radio wave did not recognize the wall. The wall is there, the transmitter is on one side and the receiver on the other, and the radio wave's energy wavelength is outside the wavelength of the matter that makes up the wall, so as far as the radio wave is concerned the wall as a barrier does not exist at all.

[@zahirmurji]

Yes for a radio wave but not for anything with mass.

[@vansdan.]

@@zahirmurji neutrinos

[@Mofi357]

@@vansdan. interference will still occur

[@oaksnice]

Radio waves lose intensity and slow down when passing through a medium, and they are refracted. So it's not as if the barrier doesn't exist at all. But the analogy is still good.

[@Mofi357]

@@oaksnice ah yep doing tv arials and dishes for a year all came back to me, am fm lhf vhf uhf quarts lock and bgr i like messn around with light and sound these days also magnets n coils pretty keen to make a pinhole camera

[@SBM_24]

I always wondered why all the hydrogen atoms in the sun don't fuse into helium at once. This video explains that and finally answers my question. Thanks @ Dr. Neil and @Chuck.

[@homi7081]

Thank you Neil for explaining it well. Love from Pakistan.

[@UzairJSherwani]

Wow amazing thing is how simply it was explained! ♥

[@victorrutledge257]

One Scientist says, "I've perfected a field that increases the probability of Tunnelling. I shot it at the sun, to test it. that was about, oh fifteen minutes ago, at lightspeed." The second Scientist, a Physicist, responds. "Well it's about to get really hot here."

[@Gopim9]

We should invent make quantam transportation to travel with this concept

[@Pezzapoo]

Do wave functions collapse randomly? I know they do when observed but I doubt anyone is staring at the sun? as in if not 'observed' what causes quantum systems to become classical otherwise and can in theory a physical system revert back to quantum?

[@lexyhigginbotham5205]

🥺 can you please discuss the disappearing stars (doesnt supernova)

[@xferme]

Sometimes, not being from the US, I chuckle even if I don’t get the joke. Amazing duo.

[@jagadeeshkumar2091]

The first word I expect to hear at the start of every video: Chuck.

[@edmond0073]

So basically what he's saying that the amount of energy the stars are producing is at a much lower temperature than where it should have occured and it is only possible because quantum tunneling is possible ?

[@Pinchington]

so if tunneling is ever used for teleportation in the future, there would be no issue of a 'clone' like some star trek episodes. there is no clone because they were always there at the location

[@markpulfer9214]

I would love their to be an episode where Chuck does the explaining and Neil makes the jokes. Make my day.

[@Killer_Kovacs]

So tunneling means complexity emerges from spacetime based on the energy in the particle and the variables in the medium.

[@donaldinnewmexico]

Dr. Tyson. What is the highest know temperature in existence? What is the highest temperature theorized to exist?

[@Jack_McKalling]

Sounds like you're saying these tiny particles are able to constantly switch between particle and wave at a certain rate. Which sounds like E=mc². Matter is equal to energy.

[@Quwucuqin]

Thats the excellant way to explain thanks Neil and chuck

[@bored9260]

Potiential barrier sounds like a reference of stored energy in mass that aren’t exhibiting any kinetic motion or drive.

[@ArsenMan]

We need an explainer for the new Webb images please. Thank you.

[@haroldfinz5031]

The badda-bing at 8:50 was a great explanation how small-scale quantum-magic related to the large-scale. (Note to self, google eddington.) BTW, Your "one other thing" at 10:36 is still being mulled over. Brilliant vid Neil&Chuck!

[@JIGAPIGA1]

Love to see your first reaction of the new images of JWST I can't wait

[@SoulSolace12]

When Neil was talking about building elements from scratch my brain went off on a "what if" tangent that isn't necessarily related. What if dark matter is just a combination of all possible elements? Kind of like pure white light is a combination of all possible colors, what if there is a matter equivalent? What if the "atoms" of dark matter are made up of an absurd number of protons from all possible combined elements? (Which would account for the total mass/gravity we indirectly observe).

[@pleasethink4789]

Just excellently explained!❤

[@McIntoshjosh123]

I cant help but feel quantum tunneling is a part of human charectoristics. Like that person that you can just tell is going to be successful at their profession. They havnt yet, but they are already a star before they were.

[@akoo369]

Thank you 🙏 great metaphor for our current situation

[@ZuluBlackout]

I freakin love NDT! And physics, space, quantum mechanics…

[@tompowers8495]

Best star talk yet Niel......

[@TheBiggreenpig]

Chuck would have his tongue frozen on that Bose-Einstein condensate.