What on Earth Happened to the Old Europeans? Pre-Indo-European History of Europe

[@wesparsons5331]

My Nana is an old European and she’s doing fine thanks.

[@wesparsons5331]

Krok Krok I just spoke to her the other day, she’s happy and was about to enjoy a tasty lunch.

[@migukmoonpark4312]

I think most Old Europeans are in European nursing homes.

[@MoreTrenMoreMen69]

Krok Krok You’re cringey lol

[@wandamaximoff7495]

Krok Krok your so uncool

[@NoName-ze4qn]

You mean _elderly_ Europeans? -_-

[@Easy-Eight]

Years past a DNA test was done on a 3,000 year old body from a English bog. The local villagers were tested. The far, far, far removed son was found and lived in a British pub. We have jets, ships, cars, and spacecraft. But the descendants of the bog man never made it past the local pub. That's how the aliens kept us on earth. We were given beer.

[@Erimgard13]

Underrated content

[@pflernak]

Drink mead and praise the aliens

[@nicholassudov2299]

Aliens have been kind :-)

[@TheTaterTotP80]

Wasn't he 5000+ years old?

[@EvilMonkey7818]

Sounds like the old joke about God giving whiskey to the Irish to prevent them from taking over the world.

[@lebendigesgespenst7669]

It’s so interesting to know how much human history there is that we just don’t know. Imagine being able to peek into the past and see what humanity was like long ago

[@brixcosmo]

Medieval and Savage 😂

[@InfiniteApollo12]

Lots of sacrifices

[@verde629]

Right? There could’ve been multiple Mongol Empire size empires that didn’t write their history

[@TheAurelianProject]

Yeah if I were to have one super power, time travel would be it

[@Mikeysofetch]

Because we only learn history from the view point of the winner

[@hulado]

in 1976 i spent about a week in Cagliari, Sardinia and was impressed with the city and what i saw of the island. i met an airbrush artist named Mario Massa whose work was fantastic fantasy from his mind and soul. enjoyed supper in his apartment with his wife and young son and communicated pretty well with an Italian/English translating book. while there i had the feeling that i was in a very remote part of the world,but of course i wasn't ,geographically. Cagliari will always be a special memory.

[@mojhelm9605]

Etruscan records were only correctly translated by Serbs because they draw their roots from the Old Serbian language.

[@radogost1536]

@@mojhelm9605 Светислав Билбија је превео етрурски, истина

[@scottydu81]

I thought you said Caligari lol

[@Germanicus_Daimetor]

Very cool story, that’s a beautiful life experience

[@Kyle_Schaff]

Thank you for sharing that memory with us

[@davemorgan6013]

The Ötzi mummy, which was discovered in the Alps in 1991 and is more than 5000 years old, was found to have the closest genetic resemblance to people from Corsica and Sardinia. It shows how far these non-Indo-European people ranged at that time.

[@jasperwinehouse9456]

That's because they went up there for gelato

[@jout738]

Yes homo sapiens been living Europe for 40 thousand years, so there been many groups, but then indo-europeans came from east around 6000 years ago to Ukraine and domesticated horse and maybe that helped them to just invade new territories and conquer them and just kill of the earlier living humans in that territory we know so littel about, because they did not yet have the technology to write their own language.

[@Misses-Hippy]

@@jout738 Those were the cave painters.

[@benyovszkyistvan408]

In ukraine??? Did the "Ukrainians" speak Slavic even then? 🤣😂🤣

[@nonyabidness1838]

Otzi is matching up to indigenous blacks in America

[@lordman5497]

I'm Sardinian. I thought you weren't going to talk about our history and at 10:37 I made a little jump from happiness. Our island is hardly ever considered when talking about history and historical research hasn't been funded

[@antondavidoff150]

Sardinians, South Slavic people and Scandinavians are largest groups that were not of so called "Indo-Europian" male line stock ...

[@hariszark7396]

@@antondavidoff150 what are those "Indo-Europeans" you are talking about?

[@antondavidoff150]

@@hariszark7396 It is known that in Europe earliest people y haplogroup Dna belong to haplogroup "I" and bit latter "G" after the Indo-Europian invasion of Europe of male line R1a R1b the male populatuon of "native" Europians was descimated 13 fold.. Today only about 15 % of Europian male pouplation is from pre-indo europian people those who belong to haplogroups I2a, I1 and G2 and theese are concentrated in the regions that a mention in my previous comment thou theu are found in every europian country

[@hariszark7396]

@@antondavidoff150 again, what "Indo-European" invasion? Who are the "Indo-Europeans" you are talking about? Is that a tribe? A nation? Where they came from? Where they lived before? Where did they go? Where are their cities, writings, houses, Kings, poets, warriors, artifacts? Do we have any? Or they were some kind of ghosts?

[@antondavidoff150]

@@hariszark7396 The supppsed Indo-Europiom invasion happened so long ago before Rome was founded as town... Today 80% of Europe are descendants of these Indo Europians... as far as tribes ..it is not easy to determine but for sure the Sarmatians and Schytians

[@williamunderwood8724]

I still don't know what happened to the Old Europeans

[@ophilliaophillia5918]

Indeed. What happened to the old civilisation. - other than it was incorporated into the new one

[@edletts2219]

I kind of wondered that myself. The last I heard of one of them Germans, in his early 70s, that had a broken leg with cast on it, and was in bed with this gal when her husband came home early. He grabbed his pants and climbed out a second story bedroom window and went hopping down the street on one leg, with his pants in one hand. He sent his younger brother back there the next day to get his crutches. Some of them Old Europeans were something else.

[@mauriciomorais7818]

you sir, just made my day.

[@ssssssstssssssss]

Will Underwood Assimilation? It's like creating a solution with different colored liquids, but there is perhaps less of one liquid than the others when you make the solution.

[@harrymcnicholas9468]

They were absorbed by the invading indo Europeans.

[@sebumpostmortem]

As a spanish, I made the same little jump than sardinians when you talked about *euskera* (basque-protoaquitanian)🤩 They count based on 20 (how is 80 in french?😉) and, one of the countless amazing things is that the moon ilargia is "dead light" or "dead' s light" February is Otsaila, "the month of the wolves"... It' s literally like a travel machine. 🧛🏻‍♀️🖤 Edit: mistaken fixed by an actual person from Euskal Herria.

[@PADRAEG]

Aha..le petit mort🍒♥️

[@sebumpostmortem]

@@PADRAEG Oh! Revelation! 😮🤯 A subliminal loanword? (No irony AT ALL✋🏻I swear to Linear A). I had never realized that the semantic relation is still there in french... Just thank you🧛🏻‍♀️☺️

[@ezkibela]

No te pillo lo del amor y muerte, soy vasco , amor=maitasuna , muerte=hil no veo relación. En cuanto a los meses todos tienen significado, Apirila y Maiatza son nomenclaturas modernas del castellano pero antiguamente apirila se decía Jorraila, mes de cultivar, jorratu= cultivar , ila=mes , Maiatza era Ostoila , Hosto = hoja , el mes de las hojas. Enero, Urtarrila=urte berri ila, primer mes del año . Marzo ,Martxoa es del castellano , en euskera se dice Epaila , mes de la poda, epai=cortar. Junio, Ekaina , mes del sol, Eki=sol .Julio, Uztaila mes de la cosecha , uzta=cosecha. Septiembre, Iraila mes del helecho, Ira=helecho....y así con todos vaya.

[@sebumpostmortem]

@@ezkibela Hola, xiquet. Te juro que voy a buscar la libretilla que llevaba escondida en el bolsillo, no la he tirado. Me la tituló: "Batua para polacas" Tenía un compañero de curro que me enseñaba cosillas (la primera, de la jefa: neska hau oso astuna da🤦🏻‍♀️ y armiarma baaaaat! para avisar de que se acercaba). Lo normal, vamos. Seguro que me confundido yo, no tengo duda. Pero había dos palabras coincidentes que me dejaron 🤯😍 por cómo reflejaban la asociación de conceptos. Lo de los meses es una fantasía pre indoeuropea que ya podrían renombrarlos así. Y todo empezó porque vino una clienta lerda que se hacía llamar Cherry. "Cherry, se creerá ella muy cuquisss🤣, si yo oigo txerri, txerritxo🐖" ¿Te estimas más que edite esa parte y la quite? Prometo encontrar la libreta y decirte qué palabras eran. 🧛🏻‍♀️🖤

[@sebumpostmortem]

@@ezkibela 🤦🏻‍♀️🤦🏻‍♀️🤦🏻‍♀️🤦🏻‍♀️🤦🏻‍♀️🤦🏻‍♀️🤦🏻‍♀️🤦🏻‍♀️🤦🏻‍♀️ Sin comentarios. He hecho un batido mental entre muerte y dolor. He cruzado hil de ilargia e hilerri con maite-mindu. Vale, edito ya mismo. ¿Te medio compensa que me aprendiese el Olentzero entero y que nos pasásemos las navidades martilleando a todo cristo con vocecita de escolanet de Montserrat? Si te hace, te la intercambio por una muy buena del catalán. Un murciélago es un ratpenat (hay como 12 maneras de llamarlo) osea, una rata que ha caído en oprobio y ha sido condenada a vagar en pena para toda la eternidad; supuestamente por eso le han salido alas. 🦇 🧛🏻‍♀️🖤

[@petersmythe6462]

"Europe is a very divided continent." Europe is objectively a peninsula of peninsulas.

[@ronjayrose9706]

*Laughs In Africa*

[@cornyxxx16]

Fractal

[@skjaldbaka9754]

@@ronjayrose9706 laughs in suez canal

[@Phasma_Tacitus]

​@Immortici Italiano [Mussolini did nothing wrong]​ No, there's more ethnicities in Africa alone than in the entire world.

[@maikatideibaskapanaumrqlatupa]

@@Phasma_Tacitus huge doubt bro

[@Elsenoromniano]

A minor correction. Latins did not took their alphabet from the Carthaginians, they took it from the Etruscan directly, who themsleves took it from the Greeks (not the Phoenicians). It was the Greeks that took theirs from the Phoenicians.

[@costasakellariou3530]

absolutely! a glaring error! these sound bite bits of history are useful to a point, but are so often filled with glaring errors...

[@constantinosvarsos9402]

Correct. Greek took the alphabet (or the idea of a written alphabet) from Phoenicians and actually improve it, by adding vowels.

[@harrymcnicholas9468]

Hm more likely from the Minoans.

[@constantinosvarsos9402]

In Greek establisments in south balkans and Aegean sea there had been evidences of writing system, Grammiki A and Grammiki B. The second one has been proved that it was the ancestor of Classic Greek writing system. But the turing point was the conection with Phoenicians where Greeks let down the ideogram writing system and passed to the more robust alphabet. Actually we can se Grammiki B as the bridge between ieroglyphic Grammiki A to the Classic Greek writing system. So you have a point, but is not the whole story.

[@fatelamore]

...who stole it from Africans

[@dejlislive5751]

imagine when we do out first "true" (moving people), deep space exploation and some dude called columbus 2.0 finds a new planet we could not percieve with our technology here on earth, and 100 years later we figure out that the vikings had already been there.

[@NorthGermanic]

Hehehe

[@tigingemici5121]

this is good :)

[@frakkintoasterluvva7920]

Alyssa Townsend Yeah, those evil SJWs might prevent the existence of some Columbus 2.0 who would randomly "discover" (aka stumble on by accident while looking for another land, because he badly calculated the girth of the Earth) a land already populated by people having their own well developed civilisations, so he could misname the inhabitants, facilitate a genocide of said inhabitants and spreading of diseases among them that many of them would die of, and fail to find the spices he was looking for, but manage to find a lot of gold which would cause extreme inflation back home. What a tragedy we can't have more of that.

[@nemphis95]

@Alyssa Townsend it was said that the burning of the Alexandria library set back humanity a thousand years. How much will the migration set it back?

[@underedenxx]

@@frakkintoasterluvva7920 ya middle eastern ideology has a tendency to do that no matter what race of people it diseases

[@Lumosnight]

You should look into to the Vincan culture from the western Balkans, which was the oldest culture in Europe since the Bronze Age. They had their own writing system and civilization...

[@RositsaPetrovarjp7]

It was originally discovered in Vinca but is spread all over the Balkans. The Varna necropolis culture is much older. In any case, the signs of civilization are on the territory of the Balkan peninsula. This includes Romania, , Bulgaria, Serbia, N. Greece, European part of Turkey. I imagine also Albania. This is where the old Europeans can be found!

[@RositsaPetrovarjp7]

@@piconi89 No one talks about writing ( which is dusputed by most scholars when it comes to Vinca that the signs constitute a writing system ) but levels of development. Varna gold is totally exquisite even by modern standard. Some artefacts can only be viewed under a microscope. And there are other necropoli much older. On top of this, it is typical Serbian chauvinist falacy to claim that Vinca is exclusuve to Serbia and somehow superior to the others in the region. There is enough written on the Danubian civilization already. There is more than just your Vinca.

[@mirastojkanovic7286]

I came to make this same comment 😃

[@etkopetko7435]

@@RositsaPetrovarjp7 Actually Varnas Chalcolithical necropolis was considered The first European civilisation. And the natural path of the Mediterranean ppl ,who came arraund 6000 BC was through Bosporus to the lands of Bulgaria and Greece at first and then they moved amoung the Rest of the Balkans, creating cultures and probably exchanging abilities.

[@ivanr.1005]

@@RositsaPetrovarjp7 If there was no Serbs you and others on Balkan could be and today slaves in Turkey or Austria empire. So better use Serbs with respect when you talk about them. And better ask yourself why one of ours emperors was graved in Sofia and he is one of biggest saints in Bulgaria. Remember, only Serbs have SLAVA, and you real Bulgarians are east from Sofia and they are Tatars, west from Sofia are ex Serbs which betrayed own kin. Thats the reason why Croats and Bulgarians hate Serbs, because they reminds them about their betrayal.

[@duncanwcraig9668]

The Etruscans have always been under-rated imho.

[@paull2815]

No Etruscan Pride parades?

[@trepimero5530]

@@paull2815 lol

[@thelipochannel5310]

I’m Etruscan. My family can trace themselves to the Etruscans and moved to Rome where my Grandfather was born and grew up.there and my dad lived in Rome half the year.

[@Berserkr01]

Etruscie and thracian are russian descendent (same alphabet/phonetics)! North-east european high civilization was built by the descendents of Japheth (third son of Noah; who went to the north region of the world)! White-skinned, blonde-haired, blue-eyed descendants of Adam and Eve. Read the Book of Enoch (which was rejected from the old testament)!

[@guineapig55555]

@@Berserkr01 no, Etruscans were tanned, look at their art

[@Mattropolis97]

This was an absolutely amazing video. The use of maps to explain migrations of populations AND languages was perfect

[@brixcosmo]

Ya 'cause DNA transports language 😂

[@alexanderpapathanasis2084]

You should have talked about the Minoans... Probably the best documented pre-Europeans

[@JacquesLapeyre]

He mentioned the Pelasgians, which is what the Greeks would have called the pre-Greek Cretans.

[@pahakasvivenuksesta2653]

that would be interesting

[@abbad707]

Oof

[@JacquesLapeyre]

@Epiri Cham To an ancient Greek the word Barbarian just meant non-Greek speaker. Didn't necessarily mean "uncivilized" as it does to us. As non-Greek speakers the Minoans were to the Greeks "Barbarian" as were the Egyptians and the Persians. The idea of "Barbarian" meaning "uncivilized" is a Roman usage.

[@JacquesLapeyre]

@Epiri Cham That definition is wrong. I know that's what googles says, but google is wrong. If you look up the history of the word in wikipedia you will see that the Greeks used the word for Egyptians and Romans, and Persians, and everyone not a Greek. Now it's meaning did change by the time of the Roman Empire. But the Greeks invented the word barbarian and it LITERALLY means someone who doesn't speak Greek. That's the etymological origin of the word "barbarian." Yes, Google can be wrong.

[@andomikel1]

I agree with 90 % , well done .The Celtiberian culture’s existence is under scrutiny as of late by a number of scholars . The theory of Basque as belonging to the Iberian linguistic group has been gaining ground . It is pretty clear that Basque - Iberian toponymy is present all over the Iberian peninsula . There are a couple of books linking Etruscan to Basque , as well as to other long gone languages like Ligurian .

[@mwmcbroom]

I find the Basques to be the most interesting. Linguistically unique and ruggedly culturally independent.

They are not as independent as normally thought: -Culturally they share a lot of traditions, foods and clothing with the rest of northwest (Celtic) Spain. -Their houses are very similar to the ones in Germany. -Old Spanish language (Castillian) was like Asturian-Leonese vocabulary spoken with Basque-Navarrese intonation (even Don Quixote has a jest about that fact), since both Asturians and Basques migrated to Castilla. I agree that their language, and some traditions (for example, history shows a more cooperativistic and feministic approach to life than their neighbours) are pretty unique to them.

[@exocet8834]

Lingustically unique doesn't always mean a different ethnicity though.. There might be some evidence with the Basques but for example the Hungarians are pretty much as European genetically as all the others around them, yet their language is not European at all.

[@mwmcbroom]

@@exocet8834 The Hungarians share the same language family with the Finns -- it's called Finno-Ugric, and it is what linguists refer to as a language isolate, that is, there are no other languages that are related to it. As for any sort of ethnicity link with language, there is the well-known study conducted by Luigi Cavali-Sforza, where he came up with a comparison chart that showed a remarkable link between language and ethnicity. So, whereas Hungarians may not be much different from other Europeans genetically, Cavali-Sforza's studies tend to indicate that the language-ethnicity link is valid.

[@exocet8834]

​@@mwmcbroom Well Hungarian is a part of the Finno-Ugric language family therefore it is no isolate. Basque or Korean are. And as far as Cavali-Sforza, it is more regarding the Indo-European languages, than actual languages within Europe. The Hungarians are a good example though, they are most closely related genetically with the Austrians and if you look at the Haplo-Group distribution, Hungary, Austria and the Czech Republic are almost similar. Yet the Austrians were historically regarded as Germans due to their language. Thats why the usage of so called "ethnicities" in Europe is pretty much useless these days.

[@mwmcbroom]

@@exocet8834 You need to read up more on Luigi Cavali-Sforza. He was a geneticist who just happened to stumble across what seemed to be a relationship between languages and ethnicities as part of his genetic classification studies. And these studies were of global populations. I wonder what European reactions would be to your claim that the ethnicities have become all muddled together. I have a friend who is Hungarian and I don't think he sees himself as being anything but Hungarian. Yeah, there may have been some genetic mixing because of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, but that empire was essentially two co-equal states sharing power with each other. There didn't seem to be a whole lot of mixing going on. Okay, so I should have written that Hungarian and Finnish are part of a language *family* isolate. Same difference. Basque is truly unique, a genuine language isolate. But Korean is not. More recent studies have indicated that it is related structurally to Japanese. I studied Japanese at the college level and I've listened to a lot of Korean dialog and I can attest that these two languages are clearly related. I don't understand why it took the linguistic community so long to recognise this. However, it would definitely appear that Korean and Japanese also form a language *family* isolate. I know of no other language closely related to these two. Some folks claim Altaic is related, but I think that's BS, personally.

[@PutItAway101]

I think you mean Indo-Europeans have been around since 3500 BC, not "3500 years ago".

[@williamkhumalo5325]

PutItAway101 3500 years

[@robincamps8469]

Im Sure, I have been around since 11 Nov. 1989

[@paull2815]

Neanderthal Pride.

[@NeborodVinchanski]

2000BC was when we had big Indo-Aryan invasions, and they were not EUROPEAN.

[@NeborodVinchanski]

@Dante Alighieri mmmm. True Europeans are Old Europeans, as exemplified by Gimbutas and Haarman. They are nothing to do with Indo-Aryans who came to Europe ca. 2000BC. Comprendo?

[@briancooley8777]

They became assimilated with the indo-aryans. Modern Europeans are just a mix of the these groups

[@briancooley8777]

Eric W. But the indo aryans ARE the indo Europeans. The indo aryans migrated from Asia into Europe AS WELL as into northern India. I’m not calling the Europeans aryans. The aryans simply mixed in with the majority Europeans populations and assimilated. The aryans kept more of their own culture outside of Europe. This is why they are referred to as aryans

[@briancooley8777]

Eric W. Lol I am not a white nationalist by any means. I know what you mean though. It’s a shame that those nazis legit believe Europeans are descendants of the aryans when only a small percentage of our genome is even from their ancestors. I myself am Finnish and Norwegian descent so I have a lot of finno-ugric more so than indo-european blood anyway :)

[@scutumfidelis1436]

@@briancooley8777 why is Aryan a dirty word? In today's global world Aryan should make a comeback as it is a neutral term that can encompass Europeans and their diaspora.

[@briancooley8777]

Scutum Fidelis probably because In our lame ass society people think once something gains a negative connotation it should never be said ever again no matter what

[@scutumfidelis1436]

@@briancooley8777 unless its weaponized to hurt ourselves. Like "racist" "bigot" "-phobic."

[@mandaloriancrusader6699]

A lot of historical artifacts in Serbia from pre indo-european era, we call them Vinča culture and all little figurines and structures found do not resemble anything found anywhere. They are placed sometime around 5400-4500 BC era and predate a lot of more known ancient civilizations.

[@gy1682]

How about "What on Earth Happened to the Minoans ?"

[@georgekoutromanos4667]

they are smoking cigs and drinking coffee on the beach somewhere in greece

[@smugshroomish]

Mykeans massacred them there.

[@hassanbassim4007]

Rosie Falcon they were somehow eliminated by a natural phenomenon, after that Sea people came and wiped the rest .

[@Kenshiroit]

@@hassanbassim4007 much points out that sea people were matter of fact minoians. Or minoians were part of them.

[@giannarosize]

@@smugshroomish Mykeans had 3/4 same DNA with Minoans

[@hughcipher66]

I've watched this video like so many of your other vids over and over and I always find something fascinating. I look forward to the full deciphering of the Minoan glyphs. The Greeks would later perfect the depiction of the human body in sculpture but the Minoan frescos depict a vibrant paradise like no other

[@Wowzersdude-k5c]

The old Europeans are still there. They merely mixed with the indo-europeans, especially in southern Europe. In other areas we know the IE's pretty much replaced them. The area in modern Europe with the most pre-IE heritage is Sardinia (over 80% of their genes are EEF). Also, I'm not sure why Rome, Greece and Carthage are even mentioned. They developed long after the IE's had spread through Europe. Besides, the Greeks and Romans WERE Indo-europeans (only part IE genetically, but almost wholly IE in culture, language and religion). Remember, the IE invasions happened in the copper and bronze ages, so if you want to talk about "old" Europe, you really are looking at about 4,000 BC and prior. Indeed, the IEs are responsible for ushering in the bronze age (as well as horse and chariot).

[@KSmithwick1989]

The Aegean Bronze Age preceded the arrival of the Indo-Europeans. The Helladic Culture (Mainland Greece), Cycladic Culture (Cycladic Island Chain), Minoans (Crete), and Nuragic Culture (Sardinia) were Bronze Age civilizations. The Indo-Europeans themselves gained access to bronze and the wheel via the Kura-Araxes culture (Western Anatolia/Armenia/Northern Iran). In reality, the Indo-Europeans in comparison to the before mentioned civilizations. Would be similar to comparing Ancient Rome to the Huns. Old Europe had established cities, while the Indo-Europeans were waring nomads. As evidenced by their hill fort settlements such as Arkaim and Sintashta.

[@OkurkaBinLadin]

@@KSmithwick1989 Mainland Greeks were already I-E people in bronze age. Cretans likely not.

[@mjade1673]

@@KSmithwick1989 are you thinking of the wave of steppe peoples that came after the IE's🤔

[@marcopony1897]

Indo-Europeans have mixed with pre-Europeans all over Europe. The blond and blue-eyed type of man, for example, existed before the first Indo-Europeans arrived in Northern Europe.

[@Wowzersdude-k5c]

@Tejas Misra That's true today but it wasn't in the past. Ancient DNA tells us that the IE's (at least initially) were an ethnic group. To be specific they were EHG/ANE while Old Europe was mostly of EEF (with some WHG) heritage. Once the IE's entered Europe, they mixed with the EEF's to some degree. According to aDNA, the Corded Ware Culture (IE) were roughly 75% IE and 25% EEF. It was the Corded Ware people who back migrated out of Europe onto the Steppes and eventually down into West/Central Asia forming the Sintashta/Andronovo horizon as well as the later Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan branch. They landed as far south as India and as far east as western China.

[@Davros539]

Excellent video! Wish you covered the Minoans too though, they are extremely interesting and no doubt influental to Greeks that assimilated them.

[@dbadagna]

Apparently the Pelasgians may have been related to the Minoans.

[@hiphop24-s3s]

​@@dbadagnaMinoans were neolithic Anatolians farmers. Mycenaeans were mixed Indo European DNA R1a, neolithic Anatolians farmers J2 and Pelasgians E-v13

[@sarahgray430]

I was married for 15 years to a Fenno-Ugrian. His mother was from Karelia, and his father was born near Tuurku. He was a very interesting and intelligent man with intense blue-grey eyes and the sort of bone structure that most North Americans associate with our own Native people, and he literally had a "hot" body because his base body temperature was several degrees higher than normal, and he would sometimes freak people out by walking around barefoot and bare chested in subzero weather, and he claimed that he could talk to the spirits of the dead....unfortunately, he also had a fondness for spirits of the alcoholic variety, and he died of liver disease in his mid 50's. Our son has his Daddy's looks, but I hope he hasn't got his taste for alcohol as well.

[@lyndi2392]

That's sad, Finnish people drink too much unfortunately. Im from Karelia too.

[@twotubefamily9323]

Complete shite ..

[@brianpeck4035]

uh, maybe not...I like scientific explanations-not hocus pocus gods/spirit/alien reasons for lightning, pyramids and anything else however...I came across a haunted grave yard (empty field no stones for homeless dead) where i would shoot bow and ...my arrow exploded in mid air and i saw a leaf floating in a perfect circle away from trees and i became a different person three times in the same day- two were Black for sure. So many happenings at this place-and i don't believe in this stuff. So it might not be inbred gullibility. Personally i wouldn't think they would hang out in grave yards but where they died if they existed.

[@Mauromoustakos]

Thank you for sharing with us this experience. I have never heard that these northern people have a higher body temperature. This is a most valuable and enlightening information. I also liked the part about him claiming to speak to the spirits of the dead. Obviously, this is part of his culture. Bjut I can appreciate culture even when I clearly never believed or I will ever believe in superstitions.

[@combatantezoteric2965]

@@Mauromoustakoshow can people pronounce your second name? It is one of the longest names I've heard.

[@TheAsierrrrrr]

I am basque and we are fricking awesome

[@gasteiz496]

and france

[@TheAsierrrrrr]

Not France, not Spain, only vasque. Freedom for my land, freedom for the vasque country.

[@enric865]

@@TheAsierrrrrr you are part of Spain and France you can't deny that

[@markg1531]

I love your Bilbao Guggenheim museum. Great job. And I think the rest of Bilbao is very nice, too. I was there in 2016.

[@markg1531]

@@enric865 I don't think the Basques want to be part of a Muslim country. Anyway, France does not exist anymore, and Spain is not far behind.

[@goldenfoxa1810]

What's the favorite sport of the Basque people? Basquet ball

[@Mrkabrat]

And seeing who can chop tree trunks fastest, whose bull can pull the stone fastest and who can lift the heaviest stone

[@irateofwatford]

@golden foxa : You shouldn't put all your Basques in one exit.

[@987inuyasha]

Comment of the year *Clap* *Clap* *Clap* *Clap* *Clap*

[@aitxol0279]

not, is basque ball

[@TheWolfgangGrimmer]

They actually have a unique national sport, forget what it's called but I remember sucking hard at it when I was twelve.

[@alexhurt7919]

After watching a few other ancient history channels I'm relieved to watch another one of your videos again. You'd be surprised, or maybe you know, how much false history narratives are shilled out with zero evidence. Thanks for having a well researched unbiased style for making these videos. I also love the incorporation of genetics and language in filling in the gaps. It's refreshing compared to channels who do things like use the accounts of Herodotus as their only source and then proceed to butcher the interpretation.

[@jonathansoko5368]

It is odd how a ethnic heritage narrative can be passed on whether right or wrong. Look at Iberia for example, you NEVER hear about Celtic Iberia and later visigoth Iberia and it's affect on culture. Yet schools are quick to teach about Arab and Islamic influence on Iberia. You ever wonder why they do that? I have a Sicilian friend who is so proud of it and has the shirts and flags and all that but when I told him about viking settlements there, he refused to believe it till I showed him castles and literal evidence and even then he brushed it off because it's not what he wants to hear. This is so common today and it's strange. It's like people want to believe something specific rather than reality.

[@alexhurt7919]

@@jonathansoko5368 exactly. Seems like nobody is interested in objective reality anymore. It's always about what makes them happy or some egalitarian agenda. I'm not sure if it's always been this way or if it's a recent development, but it's a damn shame.

[@yogatonga7529]

I'd argue Basque is a language of the Stone age, while Etruscan is Pre-IE Anatolian. Though Basque appears also to be neolithic.

[@geroutathat]

language groupings are highly political. Welsh is listed as celtic, and so is Irish, neither came from a celtic tribe. Bretton came from Wales and should be listed as British not celtic. and all sorts of things like that.

[@ethanfrank670]

I saw somewhere that someone did a genetic test on some basques and found lots of early european farmer DNA, the first farmers european farmers who migrated there about 7000 to 5000BC

[@kekistanihelpdesk8508]

The land coincides with the same area the permafrost did not cover during the last ice age. They could well be the oldest people in Europe.

[@alejandrosotomartin9720]

@@kekistanihelpdesk8508 Yeah baby, egia da.

[@asiersanz8941]

It is a fact that words like, axe, hoe, knife or arrow ara formed with the root "stone" in basque: (H)aitz. Aizkora, aitzur, aizto, azkon.

[@mellens80]

More on Sardinia please. I believe I had once read that similar to Basques, their Halpo group is a bit of an enigma compared to other European groups, and what we know about human migration. Sardinians also have one of the highest life expectancies on the planet.

[@ivanr.1005]

Same Haplo group as Serbs from Serbia, you can easy check that.

[@TheCrusades1099]

Speaking of long living peoples, Abkhazia has some of the oldest people; some claiming and showing proof of being easily 130 - 150 years old. If that is your interest of course!

[@shqipemalesore2620]

@@ivanr.1005 Absolutely no.

[@ivanr.1005]

@@shqipemalesore2620 And who are you, some idiot from albania or just regular hater of serbians?

[@RazziLuix]

Halpo as in Greco-Roman (Romanesque)

[@anniabuhl5991]

“Everyone’s favorite separatists” 😂😂

[@pepeespanol5662]

Anni Abuhl Should say, everyone’s favourite terrorists.

[@catalannationalist9847]

@@pepeespanol5662 No, those are the francoists.

[@catalannationalist9847]

@@pepeespanol5662 I don't speak tacos sorry

[@pepeespanol5662]

Catalan Ball So you are not Catalan and you have a Catalan ball in your profile picture? Doesn’t make sense😒😒😒😒 By the way, Spain is in EUROPE and we DON'T eat tacos, we eat Tortilla española.

[@catalannationalist9847]

@@pepeespanol5662 I speak 4 languages, but in my daily life and on internet I speak which one I want to.

[@melaniemahaffey4999]

It’s been forever since I’ve been looking for such thorough and concise information. Thank you!!

[@TheManDownstairs13]

Does this guy even take a breath? He talks like a run-on sentence.

[@vegancheetahvlogs]

Zathael_in_black it’s called cutting out dead air. Like a Jump cut, with the audio

[@Raptorsified]

Not like this is an edited video where he can cut out the breathing. Or God forbid narrate in pieces then put it together.

[@normanclarke1287]

Right, no?

[@aaronmyers6686]

@Andrew_koala What the hell are you talking about? Since when were talking and speaking not synonyms?

[@khanbibi]

try recording your voice and having a few minutes to even record a soundbite

[@alaric49]

Interesting! I wonder if the Finno-Ugric people are distant relatives of archaic Asian populations, such as the Ainu of Hokkaido, Japan.

[@notjasonbrynn]

no the ainu are aborigines

[@markassko6426]

Ainu are more closely related to aboriginal australians and north sentinel inhabitants than they are to current populations. Which means they lived in japan before asian looking people were a thing.

[@sectorgovernor]

I read somewhere the ancestors of Uralic people were an early type of Asians, when Asian features weren't completely developed, hence they look 'Eurasian' and not because of an ancient mixing.

[@palachinov]

So the Ainu, like most human populations likely had more than one lineage - Y-haplogroup D is dominant in Ainu men which is shared with Tibeto-Burmans and the Andamanese, as well as indigenous populations of South-East Asia like the Veddas of Sri Lanka, Negritos of the Philippines and the Maniq of southern Thailand/northern Malaya which does suggest that they are partly descended from one of the earliest out-of-Africa migrations. Australian aboriginals predominantly belong to male haplogroup C if I'm not mistaken - about 25% of Ainu men also belong to Y-haplogroup C-M217 but this branched off from Australian/Melanesian/Papuan earlier on and possibly before reaching the Indian subcontinent. C-M217 is shared with some Siberian/north-east Asian peoples so there is a possibility that there was some back-migration westwards, especially when we consider nomadic lifestyles. This haplogroup is also found in some North American native populations also which suggests these genes went across with humans migrating over the Bering land bridge during the last glacial maximum.

[@ferenc-x7p]

Finno Ugric people is actually quite a broad group and not very precisely defined people. For example Hungarians speak a Finno -Ugric language and their closest surviving language relative are the Mansi and Khanty people living in Siberia, but the active speakers of those are down in the thousands I beleive. Also keep in mind, that while a language may tie a certain group of people together, their ethnic origin might be different. Hungarians spent hundreds of years all over current territories of Kazakhstan and Russia as nomads and they picked up plenty of influence of languages from around that area, but not necessarily ethnically related to them, although mixing was definitely happening. As some theories suggest from various verbal history - myths and legends and tradition, there is that possibility that many nations arriving to Europe perhaps were not "new" people in a sense, but their ancestors might have lived in Europe previously as hunter gatherers or early farmers before a climate change (ice age) which forced them to flee their continent and kept their records of their original homeland where they must return, once things turned favorable again.

[@mattscott8396]

A linguistic group can be replaced without there being a large replacement of people. UK is a good example of this with the Norman conquest.

[@nicholashurst780]

Right... except the linguistic group wasn't replaced. The new Norman dialect influenced Old English (German) but it didn't replace it. The Saxons (Angles, Jutes, and some other Germanics) who genetically did replace the Celts of England did also wholesale replace their language

[@ehud4]

Nicholas, a language has been replaced if the genetic descendants can't read or speak it. I would be most modern Britains could comprehend Beowulf in the original, nor the Canterbury Tales.

[@nicholashurst780]

@@ehud4 you understand they are called Old English Middle English and Modern English because they evolved into one another? words from one became the words from the other as people mispronounced them overtime and began integrating words learned through trade Modern English replaced Middle English the same way that birds replaced dinosaurs, random mutation that was proven advantageous causing small change over time

[@Almansur8]

Nicholas Hurst Germanic invaders had a major genetic input but didn't replace the autochton Britons. According to the recent genetic studies, English are still 60-70% Briton.

[@thebrocialist8300]

Good point

[@phdtobe]

By far, the Estruscans are the most fascinating to me. I love how the surviving works of art show the joy in the faces of the people depicted.

[@giuseppeottaviani9673]

In italy we had 10 s of local pre roman civilizations...marsi,peligni,aprutini,aurunci,frentani,etc etc....we have always had great civilizations

[@Ekphrasys]

Giuseppe Ottaviani yes ... even Celts and original Teutons (aka Germans) in the north ... then we had venetians (not relAted to today’s) and Ligurians ... it is said that old Venetians were somehow related to Romans (latins) and they considered themselves their distant siblings ... ;)

[@LittleLordFancyLad]

This is already outdated in just two short years. The pace of discovery right now in genetic archaeology is amazing. Looking forward to Masaman releasing an update.

[@CausticSpace]

What's channged?

[@speedwagon1824]

What is outdated?

[@randommonkey4900]

what changed

[@LittleLordFancyLad]

@@randommonkey4900 We now know more about Finno-Ugric origins, Etruscan and Basque genetics, and the initial spread of Indo-European. Nothing that invalidates this video, but rather adds an exciting new layer of information.

[@reubennelson4086]

@@LittleLordFancyLad can you link the study

[@ReconPro]

Talk about the demographics of the Moon, please.

[@Masaman]

You have no idea how badly I want to

[@givingtymadheadtypevergo7421]

mason i have a video request on the burning times. altho its not a race related issue its a sad tragic part of european history that most poeple know little to nothing about so the video would be spreading awareness. video request on t video request on th kzbin.info/www/bejne/ioOVlXuYdpKiqNk

[@ReconPro]

Masaman 👍😂

[@Vitalis94]

Seriously, though. So many people talk about colonizing Mars, when we have much better target to colonize much closer to us. Sure, Moon has no atmosphere, we wouldn't be able to terraform it like Mars - but people there would be so close to Earth, that it would be possible to play Multiplayer games with someone from Moon. Also, lack of atmosphere would make it perfect place to manufacture things there and simply drop it to Earth - while at the same time, getting of Mars would be much difficult. Also, it would be good to try to colonize places like Sahara or Antarctica before we try anything outside of our own planet, though.

[@migkillerphantom]

all male and all white, the horror

[@hiphop24-s3s]

The Mycenean civilization is indeed a Indo European Hellenic civilization because the rulling class were already the Hellenics however the normal majority citizens were still predominantly natives of Greece such as neolithic Anatolians farmers and Pelasgians

[@dittbub]

i feel like you could have done so much more! the minoans, the georgian language, the peeps who began the stone henge

[@kellerwarter5783]

sone henge - google about vinca culture but i cant guarante to you that you will find sth i found a lot of stuff but just in serbo-croatian

[@BugBug81]

Stonehenge isn't an isolated monument though there's a whole megalithic civilisation mostly located on the atlantic coast of Europe from Spain to Scotland, with some local differences between the different regions and many monument far bigger and older than Stonehenge (Newgrange in Ireland, the Carnac area or Barnenez in Brittany... and many others) Modern analysis help us to discover more details about this civilisation every year but there's still a lot we don't know about them, they didn't write at all, though they used engravings on their monuments with some symbols that we find from one place to another, sometimes in the same order. Recent discoveries tend to show that in the British isles (we don't know yet in other areas as the bones were not preserved everywhere to be analysed) they might have been victims of the plague, breng to them by newcomers (maybe proto-Indo-Europeans) but their civilisation was already declining before that and Stonehenge was one of the most recent monument built (or rebuilt) apparently. We don't know anything about their language though.

[@gwho]

Interestingly, there are the most Stonehenge-like megalith structures in Korea, of all places.

[@laure5333]

@@kellerwarter5783 It's worth reading about the "Tablets of Tartaria" - up to now being known to be the oldest writing in the World - pre-dating with 2 - 3000 years the Sumerian writing !!! The tablets are considered to be part of the Turdas - Vinca Culture which is just another "component" of the greater Civilization of Old Europe developed in the wider Carpato-Danubiano-Pontic area.

[@kevinbyrne4538]

When two peoples crash into each other, 2 things typically happen: they make war against each other, and they intermarry. (Whenever you dump a bunch of young, unmarried warriors into the middle of another people, nature takes its course.)

[@lindareed9320]

There's also ample evidence of peaceful trade in ancient times. People get friendly, they intermarry, they move and resettle for many reasons. Indeed, it's interesting to see our story unfold in this era of scientific breakthroughs, but it's important to remember that we're really all one big family in one way or another.

[@mfjdv2020]

@@lindareed9320 Human beings are much more closely interrelated than a lot of people seem to imagine. If you compare humans to dogs, in all their innumerable shapes and sizes, you could say we are like labradors. We come in three colours: black, brown and golden and we are equally closely related.

[@ViscountNo7]

@@mfjdv2020 I like labradors, and I like humans.

[@lordmalal]

Mairwen 99 dogs are the only mammals with greater phenotypic diversity than humans, and that’s due only to dogs being selectively bred. The color analogy is bad; humans differ in far more ways phenotypically than just color

[@cowzilla84grr79]

@@jonthehermit8082 : It is common nowadays too. Look what's happening in France today. And warriors don't have to "take" women. Women are happy to mate with the stronger alpha males.

[@PietroBranca]

Sardinia: unique gene pool, circa 7000 Nuraghi (towers/castles/megalithic building) all around the island, great skills with broze artifacts and weapons, assocciated by many to the sea people. Tyrrenum = referred to towers, ergo Sea of the peopleof tbe towers (Nuraghi).

[@iryarzarost2539]

wowww......... do you mean its oldest than egypt or sumerian????

[@kevindenelsbeck7444]

Cool stuff. The Wikipedia has the Nuragic Age as 1900-730 BCE, but with 7000 existing towers. Is that accurate?

[@lucaloddo825]

Actually the nuraghes are far more than 7000, since 7000 are those we currently see but many got either destroyed or are still under meters of mud like it was for Su Nuraxi. The nuragic civilization didnt die in 700 BCE, actually it lasted until II century AC when Tiberius managed to enter inside Barbaria. The nuragics still managed to preserve their rites up to 600 AC when the last king of the Iliensi, Hospiton, was convinced by the pope to convert his people to Christianity, since until that moment they still worshipped "woods and stones"

[@TheSantiagoMatamoros]

One thing that is missing is the discussion about ties between Basques and Georgians, who are said to share some grammatical features and are suspected by some to have derived from the same proto-language existing thousands of years ago.

[@markdeegan7268]

And the Irish Scottish

[@sunnyjim1355]

@@markdeegan7268 lmao. 'Muh Irish' victimhood narrative is soooo boring and wrong. The western Celts were INVADERS of the British Isles, not the indigenous peoples! XD Get a clue!

[@crystalpink6535]

@@sunnyjim1355 Wtf???lol 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿FREE SCOTLAND🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 from the DISUNITED KINGDOM

[@markdeegan7268]

@@sunnyjim1355 pre Selt

[@alloutcoach]

I am Georgian and have studied this in detail. There are lots of similarities between Georgian and Basque, but I am more convinced of a Georgian - Etruscan connection. There are published sources that have shown the Georgian language and grammar are the only ones that have helped decodify ancient Etruscan texts

[@paulvmarks]

Some cultures that speak Indo European languages are pre Indo European - for example the people of Sardinia. The Sardinians have been in Sardinia as far back as the stone age.

[@gabrielabdul8372]

Thank you masaman. Indeed i and many other people have benefited from your channel. Thank you!

[@erminacunningham2652]

classical music

[@AntonioBrandao]

You said Europe is very “divided” when you could have said Europe is very diverse!

[@amiatroll6347]

You can't have diversity without non-European people, silly! ;)

[@gaunt.facedman3833]

hahahaha

[@NwoDispatcher]

diversity is division

[@jliller]

A continent is divided into countries, regardless of whether those countries are diverse.

[@AntonioBrandao]

jliller more relevant to our wording choices is the connotation the word “divided” has at the time it is spoken. Right now, “divided” is interpreted as derogatory and negative. Your purely rational interpretation isn’t incorrect but lacks the aforementioned connotations and resulting emotional responses.

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

R1B existed in non-IE groups as well like Basques, Iberians, Etruscans, Siberians, Chadics etc.

[@alphacentauri3162]

Hi i'm Sardinian (fron the central part one, the most isolated) thanks to have talked about our Island. That has a very unique people in Mediterranean sea. Also we are part of Italy but quite different from the rest of penisula.

[@F.D.R48483]

Beh il DNA è unico ma la cultura è molto simile a quella del sud Italia.

[@F.D.R48483]

@Alessandro Dessì Alessandro ho parlato con più sardi e anche se ci sono pareri discordanti non ha senso dire Ichnusa non este Italia nel senso l'Italia è uno statuto politico non un luogo questo perché l'Italia come l'italiano sono venuti relativamente in maniera recente ...si parla di influenze più che altro. Ma sentire sardi razzisti contro i peninsulari (che io non sono) e molto triste dato che per molto tempo voi stessi siete stati vittima di essere considerati buoni sono a fare i pastori (attenzione riporto ma non sostengo questi stereotipi e inoltre non c'è niente di male anche da me si fa)

[@claude90]

@@F.D.R48483 Dire "Sardegna non é Italia" non é né razzista né discriminatorio nei confronti degli italiani. Dire che noi sardi siamo diversi dagli italiani non significa che ci sentiamo superiori, significa semplicemente prendere atto del fatto che per cultura e genetica siamo differenti dal resto delle popolazioni che compongono la nazione italiana, nazione che è formata dagli elementi più disparati: un altoatesino é più simile a un tirolese austriaco piuttosto che a un siciliano, tanto per dire, anche se amministrativamente il sud Tirolo appartiene all'Italia. La Sardegna ha una storia a sé e se siamo italiani ciò è dovuto al fatto che il regno di Sardegna è passato nelle mani dei Savoia, ma se la storia non fosse andata così, probabilmente, saremmo spagnoli. Oppure francesi o austriaci, chi può dirlo? Pensiamo a cosa è avvenuto con la Corsica, per esempio, che é popolata da genti molto più affini agli italiani rispetto alla Sardegna e nonostante ciò, appartiene alla Francia.

[@F.D.R48483]

@@claude90 ciò che hai detto è pura ipocrisia si al livello genetico,ma ogni regione ha la sua storia e le sue tradizioni non esiste una cultura unitaria un Siciliano è diverso da un Toscano come è diverso da un Veneziano. La Sicilia ha avuto Greci,Romani, Arabo/berberi,Francesi/Normanni,Spagnoli e questo lo vediamo nella nostra lingua e nella nostra cultura. Cos'è che ti rende diverso o meglio che ti rende capace di poter dire noi non siamo italiani invece i siciliani si ? Perché mangiate un formaggio con le larve ? O perché fate delle manifestazioni carnevalesche in maschera? Tutte le regioni di italia mantengono tradizioni e hanno avuto tradizioni che fino a pochi anni fa erano essenziali per la società l'Italia è un istituzione non qualcosa che esiste da sempre. Ho letto commenti di Sardi estremamente razzisti con teorie assurde e conplottismi dicendo frasi del tipo "discendete dalle nostre palle" ma se la vostra stessa bandiera e storia parla da se in generale si vi siete conservati geneticamente ma questo non significa che dovreste avere più diritti di altri popoli che stanno sotto la bandiera italiana che ancora oggi soffrono di pregiudizi e che non hanno riconosciuti i loro diritti.

[@F.D.R48483]

@@claude90 La penisola era divisa in regni questo è la verità e l'unione buona o brutta che sia ha e continua a rovinare la cultura di ogni popolo che abita sotto questa istituzione

[@DzakPara]

What on Earth Happened to the Old Europeans? They died.

[@gasteiz496]

we are still here, the basque people

[@EricDufau]

Jovan, I suggest that you come to see by yourself how dead some Old Europeans are. Best time in the year is July in Iruñea (formerly known as Pamplona, but.... 'Romans go home' tagline is still vivid there) in Hegoalde (try to find it on a map first.... Oops! Sorry, we don't draw maps). You would enjoy some of our traditions. There is a major distraction for the locals, which consists in watching tourists getting horned by bulls running through the city's streets. It's good fun. Don't worry, we'd get you drunk before, then you won't feel anything. See you soon!

[@davidthewhale7556]

My grandma is an old European

[@VALDIGNE]

they continued with other civilizations.

[@KateeAngel]

They interbred with Indo-Europeans

[@DramaQueenMalena]

Language, ethnicity and culture (from religion to the style of ceramics) are three different things. If archeologists in 3000 years dig up a Coca-Cola bottle in China they will think Americans settled in China and they speak English. If they find a Buddha shaped toilet brush in Norway they interpret that in Norway people did some religious rituals brought to them by immigrants from Japan. The first thing I learned in my first semester of Archeology: Never ever try to construct history by mixing up these three aspects. Objects travel and languages spread without the people leaving their places. People migrate and change language or culture.

[@atava85]

Ditto.

[@rashakor]

That’s an excellent point. My marrane ancestors (Carthaginian jews from the most recent genetic analysis) moved to Asturias (northern Spain) and always claimed to be more Celtic than the celts!!! So at this point, it’s a spaghetti plate of random data that makes zero sense… prehistoric and even post classic migrations have made mutts of all of us.

[@hurguler]

Although we don't know much about the pre-IE (Indo-European ) languages one of the clues we have are the regional accents. For example although French, Spanish and Italian all evolved from Latin, the difference in accents I believe are partly due to the ancient pre-IE languages.

[@johkupohkuxd1697]

I would assume that pre-IE languages would mostly have been extinct long before Romance developed. One exception I know of is in Southern France, where the Gascon Occitan dialect took influence from Basque after the fall of the Western Roman Empirr.

[@Kakonan]

I agree.

[@hurguler]

@@johkupohkuxd1697 Pre-IE languages had to exist till the early IE speakers arrived. Each accent was influenced by the pre-IE language in that region. That's why French words sound so different than Italian even though they both share Latin origins. This is more clear in countries like Turkey where each region's accent is determined by the pre-Turkish speakers.

[@path1024]

I've been fascinated by the Etruscans, or Raśna , for a long time. They strike me as the last vision of hedonistic man before the age of Empire ran them over. Although, like many people we remember, it was probably just the upper crust enjoying it. So much of what we think of as ancient culture is actually just the elite culture. Was that a tangent? Time to get off here.

[@lekmati2227]

The etruscan/messapian language is very related to albanian

[@markanark1699]

@@lekmati2227 You have any evidence to back up that Albanain propaganda?

[@nikolarajic9042]

If you want to know anything about Ras, and old praistoric cultures of Europe,then you need to study Vinca,Staracevo and Lepenski Vir.On the teritory of Serbia is 95% of european finds regarding praistoric period. Ras is oldest Serbian capitol...just wonder why😃

[@lekmati2227]

@@markanark1699 its not propoganda learn history

[@lekmati2227]

@@nikolarajic9042 you guys originated from poland and ukrain

[@citytrees1752]

It's okay to pause and breathe and change your tone and tempo every once in a while.

[@lashlarue7924]

... and now everyone speaks English. As an English speaker, I can't tell you how bizarre it was to go to places like Croatia or the Netherlands and have literally EVERYONE speak better English than most people in my own country.

[@Grrt]

Such an informative video in such little time, brilliant

[@rogerhwerner6997]

I think when we read the comments below a few things are clearly evident. A brief fact check reveals that there is little consensus regarding DNA groupings at this point because the science of DNA research is still rather new. As a matter of fact, it is incorrect to speak of a language group as an ethnic group: The two are rather different and as one fellow noted, Finnish Urgic is a language grouping, not an ethnic grouping. One thing that has always interested me is the nature of pre-Indoeuropean culture, especially religion. Anyone with a serious interest in 'Old Europe' should read the research of Marija Gimbutas. Marija Gimbutas was a Lithuanian-American archaeologist and anthropologist known for her research into the Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures of "Old Europe." She posited some rather remarkable theories on Old Europe that were criticized as being overly feminist when they were first published some 40 odd years ago. I think they are worth a look. In 1956 Gimbutas introduced her Kurgan hypothesis, which combined the archaeological study of the distinctive Kurgan burial mounds with linguistics to unravel some problems in the study of the Proto-Indo-European speaking peoples, whom she dubbed the 'Kurgans'; namely, to account for their origin and to trace their migrations into Europe. This hypothesis and the act of bridging several disciplines had a significant impact on Indo-European studies and American archaeology. During the 1950s and early 1960s, Gimbutas earned a reputation as a world-class specialist on Bronze Age Europe, as well as on Lithuanian folk art and the prehistory of the Balts and Slavs, partly summed up in her definitive opus, 'Bronze Age Cultures of Central and Eastern Europe' (1965). In this work, she reinterpreted European prehistory in light of her backgrounds in linguistics, ethnology, and the history of religions, and challenged many traditional assumptions about the beginnings of European civilization (this is where she proposed a Mother Goddess cult that predated Indo-European Sky Gods, earning the wrath of some of her male colleagues). I've read Gimbutas extensively and I believe she was on to something rather important that remains largely unrecognized. Her thinking certainly impressed me and my thinking. As a Professor of European Archaeology and Indo-European Studies at UCLA from 1963 to 1989, Gimbutas directed major excavations of Neolithic sites in southeastern Europe between 1967 and 1980, including Anzabegovo, near Štip, Republic of Macedonia, and Sitagroi and Achilleion in Thessaly (Greece). Digging through deposits representing a time before contemporary estimates for Neolithic habitation in Europe, where other archaeologists never anticipated such finds, she unearthed a great number of artifacts of daily life and of religious cults. Her Mother Goddess Cult is recorded as early as 20,000 years ago and it was represented by figurines that were widespread in Europe. The importance of this suggestion is that Gimbutas firmly believed that a peaceful Goodess Cult occupied all of Europe, that these people were matrilineal and possibly matrilocal in descent and social organization, and, that they were conquered and suppressed by the people she called the Kurgans. This is, of course, a very brief and incomplete explanation of her ideas. Quite a lot is known about pre-Indo-European cultures of Europe because of Gimbutas' extensive archaeological excavations of Neolithic and Bronz age deposits in Europe. However, that offers the potential to revolutionize our understanding of Neolithic cultures, in particular, are the immensely important archaeological sites of Gobekli-Tepe and Catalhoyuk in southern Anatolia. These are fully developed towns dating to before 8,000 years before present with the former believed to date to over 10,000 years before present. Until the discovery of these deposits, no one believed developed towns existed at such an early period. Indeed, there are numerous European Neolithic settlements dating to this same period but they lack the sophistication of the Anatolian sites.

[@lindareed9320]

Thank you so much for posting an actual reference for me to follow up on.

[@maschinelab8598]

I, as a eskuahalduna (who can use the hands), find interesting that some very fonetic roots of language are found in a lot of places. For instance the root UR is found in places near the tigris and eufrates to denomitane places with water such as in basque we use the same root for water nowadays. It is also found in roots like AR (in basque door or pass or space between to places).

[@fablb9006]

When talking about Basque people, you seemed to focus only on Spain, and forget that there is also a french Basque country, where the basque language is still practiced by some thousands of people. Before the romanisation of the country, when cesar conquiered Gaul, most of the south west of France (up to Bordeaux) was speaking vasconic languages and dialects (basque language family). In the rest of the country, the celtic civilisation (indo european) arrived from central Europe only about 500 years before Romans. It is possible that vasconic languages where spread in most of the country before the celtization of the culture and mixing of the people. Genetics have proven that what you called ancient Europeans were a mix of the former gather-hunters who arrived 45 000 years ago with the first European farmers from the near east in various proportions. Southern Europeans tend to share more first european farmers DNA.

[@christiannavarro3519]

Fab French that’s because no one likes cowards.

[@rennnelson8028]

Not all French are Parisians, there are Alsatian French, Celtic French, Basques Corsicans and Auvergnats who would gladly school your ass. Navarro thats a basque name.

[@magd4570]

Basque carry the link to Atlantis which lays in the Bay of Biscay

[@joangg]

In the maps shown in the video the French Basque country is included.

[@yosueth]

Well, France a long time ago forced its inhabitants to be nothing but French, so languages like Breton and Basque were slowly disappearing, which is why the Basque-speaking populations in France are not as large as those in Spain, that's why nobody cares. .

[@Drakemiser]

The Hittites are interesting as they both dominated Anatolia at one time but have links to the English language.

[@tovarich5778]

I'm one of the " everyone's favorite separatists", and so proud of it. Aitaren etxea defendatuko dut " I will defend our ancestors land untill the end of my live". Before God was God, before boulders were boulders, Basques were already Basques.

[@ProteoEuthismos]

El sueño de Don Sabino hecho realidad. Solo falta unirse a los Piratas del Norte para completar su sueño... Ya copiamos su bandera, debería ser sencillo.

[@maya8627]

Soy Irizarry,un poco vasca.

[@batobeste1988]

Zin egiten dut hemen eta orain zuen aurrean, erori arte defendatuko dudala ama mariren etxea!

[@tovarich5778]

@@ProteoEuthismos Hi haiz hi artaburue. Zer ikusi zeukak hik aipatzen duan pertsonaia horrek nik esaten diatenarekin? Euskaldunon nortasun eta izanak milaka urte zeuzkak, ez 150 eta hori duk zuei izorratzen dizuena. Ezin izan duzuela gure nortasun eta izana ezabatu.

[@ProteoEuthismos]

@@tovarich5778 Te equivocas en lo de eliminar la identidad. España perdería si el País Vasco fuera una copia de andalucia, castilla, cataluña o cualquier otra región. Lo realmente curioso es ese concepto que se tiene que la región fue indomita. Te recuerdo que se aliaron con los romanos contra los cantabros, que fueron una de las unicas zonas cristianas que quedaron tras la invasión de 711 y que en la edad moderna fueron integros y esenciales en el nacimiento del estado moderno español, solo hay que ver los apeliidos de los marineros que se la jugaban en el Atlántico contra los piratas ingleses. Y te equivocas otra vez en pensar que Sabino Arana no tiene nada que ver contigo. Pues todos los partidos que hay hoy día se mueven en el tablero cultural que él marcó. ¿Y sabes lo más triste? Que a nivel nacional también. La sensación al ver el reginalismo vasco es la misma que ver a dos hermanos pelearse por la herencia de sus padre. Desgarrador. Y nadie hace nada. Los soplapollas reginalistas tiran de un lado mientras que los supuestos patriotas españoles cuando abren la boca dicen nada más que gilipolleces dignas de un parvulario, no conocen su país, lo diverso y colorido que és. Ya solo falta unirse a los piratas del norte. Y el circulo estará completo.

[@sunuraxiichnusa2756]

Sardinians are the most ancient of Europe. Also because it's a island. We're mostly descents of Neolithic and mesolitic peoples.

[@vgjl1824]

There are the basques

[@vacinadefrangoedurateston2532]

@@vgjl1824 Basques are half IE genetics though.

[@samalmas4588]

You should do a video on pre- Islamic middle eastern civilisations and history like the Babylon ancient Egyptians the sabeans phonecians cannanites

[@ytyt3922]

sam almas good idea. The Arabs actually believe the ancient Egyptians were Arab lol.

[@samalmas4588]

Yt Yt I'm originally Arab from Yemen I don't actually believe ancient Egyptians are Arabs but they were semetic and they definitely do have very similar genetic make up's.also Arabs aren't a race it's a gathering of semetic people from all over the region regardless of culture etc.. Identifying themselves as Arabs and Arab speaking peoples

[@samalmas4588]

Chaouiball Attacc dude Arabs are from lineage of Ishmael. Ishmael married a Egyptian princess(Hagar). From them came the nation of Arabs. Joktan which is the farther of Arabs in the Arabian Peninsula is a direct blood family member of Ishmael

[@samalmas4588]

Chaouiball Attacc www.nature.com/news/mummy-dna-unravels-ancient-egyptians-ancestry-1.22069

[@samalmas4588]

Chaouiball Attacc by the way Ishmael and Hagar isn't methodology unlike zues Odin and Thor looool

[@godnimrod]

Georgians. The only people who are not Indo-European but Europoid who lived where they live way before Indo-Europeans appeared. Part of Georgia in ancient times was called Iberia. Iberians were called people who lived on the Iberian peninsula as well, before Indo-Europeans, there are similarities to Georgian and Corsican culture as well and some connections with Sardinia, If I am not mistaken mostly genetical. Also, Basque and Georgian language, the main example I saw in the documentary, mount Artxanda near Bilbao, I am not sure if it is correct, but this name comes from this mountain that gets covered with fog and can't be seen, in Georgian can't be seen is Archanda. We had a documentary and scientists as guests which aired on Ukrainian television, to explain why we can't explain names of rivers in Ukraine in Ukrainian, Slavic, or any other language, but they can be explained in Georgia, isn't it weird? I dived deeper, found that one of the main theories in Georgia is that most of Anatolia was inhabited by proto-Georgians, including for example people of Troy which was way later in antique times, but way before Turks came to the region. The theory states that pre-Indo-European people were Iberians and closely related to Georgians and other proto-Georgian/proto-Anatolian people. To spicy it up a bit, for hundred years it was rejected as an idea, but as nothing else worked scientists usually return to the idea that the Georgian language and people are related to Sumerians. It is shame that people don't consider Georgia as part of Europe, because some people in the 16th century decided so while Georgia was divided and conquered at that time, while those who were first Europeans and came up with the word Europe, considered Georgia to be part of Europe. This is why many scientists overlook all these ideas, even tho there are some connections that exist but can't be explained because there hasn't been any type of research. There is so small amount of information, I almost had to study the Georgian language to understand everything and make my inner curiosity to get fullfilled.

[@arvantsaraihan5777]

Basques are my favorite pre-Indo-Europeans!

[@user-wk2gi5cp9y]

aka paleo-europeans

[@je-freenorman7787]

Just old Aryan Aries Age culture. Its all over the world. Looks very middle eastern like the rest

[@LANeverSleeps]

They disappeared because of the Younger Dryas event, in which a comet hit Greenland in 10,000 BC, leading to a great flood and general catastrophe around the world. They're digging up the core samples right now and its going to re-define how we view history. Really fascinating stuff. With all the new ruins being found by underwater and space archeology, its apparent that some pretty advanced civilizations (like Greek to Roman tech level) were around before being wiped out.

[@Kenshiroit]

the younger dryas event is far older than any of the old european tribes.

[@timbaumann464]

You have forgotten one of the oldest (if not the oldest) and most important culture: The Danubian culture, which according to some historians is even older than that of the Sumerians.

[@IbelievethereforeIam]

I was hoing to say: CUCUTENI, GUMELNITA...

[@RobertBeerbohm]

Sardinia I have always found fascinating. All the layers upon layers. And still earlier versions survived here and there. All over the world!

[@thubuntu]

What about the caucasian ethnic groups like georgians, chechens ect? Why did you not mention them? They are the biggest pre-indoeuropean grpups?

[@tulparkultigintengrikut8440]

Yes, finally someone notices it.

[@MrEVAQ]

They're not really in Europe.

[@imeretian9446]

MrEVAQ Are you sure about that

[@shouvahjeetchakravarti6843]

Aren't they Semitic?

[@imeretian9446]

Subhajeet Chakraborti No, who told you that?

[@mirkobergamo6616]

Paternal Haplogroup I was not mentioned in the video. It is the only Haplogroup to develop in Europe (Native) from IJ. It broke into two main subgroups, I1 and I2. I1 is found in the highest percentages in the Scandinavian and North Germanic male. I2 is found in the highest percentages in Dinaric Alps (Balkans) today, but in the upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic era they were the overwhelming dominant majority haplogroup from Britain (Cheddar Man), Spain (Cro-Magnon) to the Balkans and everything in between. I2 is also the most frequent paternal haplogroup of Sardinia as well. They were the Western Hunter Gatherers of Europe. Natives. Much later, the Indo-Europeans R1a and R1b came in with greater technology and displaced/dispatched many of them and instituted a farming culture replacing the hunter gatherer lifestyle. Haplogroup I preceeds E and N in Europe, but they arrived prior to the Es during the Mesolithic.

[@dollynina8992]

Cool information thanks!

[@SimpleMinded221]

I1a2 here !!

[@lihue4]

I-M253❤

[@kaune1814]

Thanks!

[@thephilguy1]

Definitely would like to know more about the Pre-Celtic inhabitants of Europe. Did the arrival of the IE push the indigenous people into remote corners of the continent to seek shelter? Were they related to the Basque? I heard some theories that the ancient druids of Britain who erected Stonehenge may have been related to the Basque when I was in England, but having done little research on the subject myself apart from visiting the henge once, I don't know how to take that information.

[@c.odubhlaoich2948]

The druids were Levites that had left Israel. The other Celts were just Danite Greeks.

[@c.odubhlaoich2948]

The Romans called the druids cannibals and said they practiced human sacrifice, but they were just practicing early Christian rituals (like wine and crackers to symbolize blood and flesh) and the Romans did what they do and twist others cultures to make it justifiable to kill/rule them. They also believed in an eternal soul, and believed G-d would come to earth in human form.

[@SimpleMinded221]

@@c.odubhlaoich2948 LOL fool

[@SimpleMinded221]

@@c.odubhlaoich2948 You're not Israelites, that whole Irish/british israelism was the byproduct of racialist colonial attitudes and the idea of the anglo saxons having " divine right " to basically do as they please. Im paternally saxon so im definitely not hating. But those ideas your spewing are utter nonsense.

[@c.odubhlaoich2948]

@@SimpleMinded221 Nah, it was based on translated texts from actual Israe lites, as well as physical descriptions or old images of them, and how common their tribal emblems are used by European royalty. I can give you literally dozens of examples to show that they went into Europe. It isn't even controversial to say that people we call Europeans were also in the mid/near east as well though. Not so much at all these days, but look at the 2500 year old Pazyryk rugs in Kazakhstan for example. Pale red heads and blondes on armored horses and jousts like later west Euros. The most famous Israe lite historian, Josephus also said that the majority of them went past the Euphrates into Iran and Turkey (where the Galatian Celts and Scythians etc were) and Europe. High priest Onias of Jud ah had contact with Spartan king Areus whom both acknowledged each other as separated family, and Paul's letters to the lost tribes went to Jerusalem, but also to known European groups, and nobody else. Modern Europeans did not just appear in Europe and were not limited to it, it's a mix of people from the mid/near east as well as related others who were already in, or stayed in Europe as well. It's likely why people like Slavs have a larger share of the A r y a n haplogroup of r1a and west Euros have it's singling haplogroup of r1b, which sort of goes with the multiple connections between ancient A r y a n s as well as Israe lites. And I am not saying this just about Irish or Brits, it goes for Europeans in general.

[@oskariratinen1213]

In fact, us Finno-Ugrians have probably not been around much longer than the Indo-Europeans. Earlier it was suggested that people of the Comb Ceramic culture (approx. 4200-2000 BCE) spoke a Finno-Ugrian language, but there is also a competing theory that Comb Ceramic culture actually spoke a Paleo-European language, and Finno-Ugrian speakers arrived much later, no more than 3000 years ago. I'm Finnish and not familiar with the situation in other areas, so I'll only speak about Finland from now on. All throughout Finland there is a plethora of place names that can't be reliably traced back to any Finno-Ugrian origin, including the second biggest lake in the country, Päijänne. The Finnish language also contains a number of words that don't seem to be related to corresponding words in any other Finno-Ugric languages outside the Baltic-Finnish languages (Estonian, Karelian, Livonian, Veps, Votic) and a reliable source for a loan word outside of them can not be proposed either. These words include such basic concepts as the color black (musta), rabbit (jänis), swamp (suo) and island (saari) that they must be ancient, and the most plausible hypothesis is that they are a remnant of a language or languages spoken in the area before the arrival of the Finno-Ugric speakers. I understand that in the Sami languages the number of such words is much higher, in the hundreds. Also their genetics shows a clear distinction from their Finno-Ugric linguistic cousins, especially when it comes to matrilinear DNA. This would indeed suggest that the Sami are genetically the descendants of these Paleo-European populations, or at least the women of those populations, to a much greater extent than anyone else still around in Northern Europe. If you draw the glaringly obvious conclusion that the technologically superior Finno-Ugrics took wives from the Paleo-European population either by force or through mutual consent and either killed or simply outbred their men, it would also make sense that things like place names and individual words would have survived, even though the languages disappeared otherwise over some generations. The same process of surviving place names and loan words to the conqueror's language from indigenous population as long as the population isn't completely wiped out is well recorded in Americas to this day.

[@timber750]

Thanks

[@Markstubation01]

So, what you're saying is that Pre-Indo European people are not extinct... They just assimilated to Indo-European culture and societies?

[@OkurkaBinLadin]

YES. How is that suprise to anybody?

[@alexeidragunov4534]

You forgot the Thracians and Dacians who were there before Greeks and Latins

[@rauðaz]

Alexei Dragunov But they were Indo-Europeans FOR GOD'S SAKE, this video talks about populations that lived *before* the Indo-Europeans!

[@davidvelevski5073]

And macedonians

[@rauðaz]

David Velevski They were Indo-Europeans too, the video is talking about those who lived *before* the Indo Europeans and so *before* Greeks, Macedonians, Thracians, Illyrians, etc.

[@razvanmuller2220]

Werr is the Great Kindom of Dacia ,wer is the Burebista ,Decebal ,Gerula ,etc hoo bit Romans like a drum

[@deathbysvent]

Thracian and Dacians are perhaps a part of an extinct branch of Indo-European. Ancient Macedonian is part of the Hellenic Branch (Modern Macedonian is a Balto-Slavic language that only shares a name with Ancient Macedonian because of the region it is named after). The divide from being a Greek language happened originally because the Greeks are all seafaring and Macedonia is land-locked, so Greeks rejected Macedonians as a seperate people and the dialects diverged until they were different languages. Either that or Macedonian is a creole language, but evidence for that is scant (in my opinion).

[@no1reallycaresabout2]

I find the Etruscans interesting because of their influence on the Romans (including the Latin language) and the paleo-Hispanic and Basque peoples of Iberia because I have some Português ancestry and it is fascinating to think that I might trace some ancestry from one of those ancient groups.

[@beingfrank40]

The Basques! Incredible history, they survive and are still going strong! ( The Only surviving pre-Indo-Eurpeans and language! The Tartessians were an extremely fascinating people, the Ancient Greeks and they were good friends and are written about by them quite a bit. Tartessian King was Agantonius" "The Generous"

[@geogm.840]

Basque as language, yes. As a people, AFAIK, you have also Sardinians and a bit less isolated but with several pre-indo-european elements, Central and Northern Iberians (from both Portugal and Spain), particularly those from rural areas (it´s not a problem since for Basques and Sardinians, they also use rural areas for sampling). Actually some Iberians have older DNA segments than those known in any Basque and possibly even Sardinian. I also wouldn´t exclude the hypothesis that there are other isolated rural populations in Europe, with a great pre-indo-european influence, just possibly aren´t that common But actually I think that nearly all european countries, have preserved something unique on their rural areas.

[@Jokuvaanjee]

As said in the video the Finno-ugric peoples (Finns, Sami, Karelians, Estoniassa etc.) have been here before the Indo-Europeans as well, interestingly some Sami populations who are the oldest ugric people in Europe have some Basque DNA. :O

[@srantoniomatos]

Basque is a invention of 19 Century nationalism. A guy that wanna be gang Leader there, went village to village in mountains and creeks and eared the diferent oral dialects, and, from that, he invented writen basque, a new language (full of latina , ie,. Castellano, galego and modern english). A great fuel to people fight against themselfs Over land and power. Nothing new there, nothing to be seen...just keep on fighting boys...

[@beingfrank40]

@@srantoniomatos linguists say that Eueskara( Basque) is not related to any known language...aside from the mix you were talking about, without thise new words, Eueskara is a pre-indoeuropean language- the only one in existence today. They SURVIVED! - Be proud of them! I am not talking about the terrorism!- that's is really BAD... but aside from that as. Survival culture, they are to be applauded in my opinion.

[@srantoniomatos]

@@beingfrank40 not proud or unproud, nor of basque, nor my Mother tongue ( portuguese) nor anyother... Just observing. Note: just because something dont fit in a major categoria, dosent mean its old, older, or whatever. The basque wich is spoken (writen) today is One of the newest languages outhere. If a contemporany basque person would go back to 1800 and try to comunicate to anyone in that area with this new basque (eskera) they wouldnt understand each other... Not even One sentence. They would need hand and head and eye comunications, like you do if you need to speak with people if you have no comun language. Remember, it was diferent oral dialects. Even back then they wouldnt speak alike, they couldnt read or write, diferent oral dialects among analfabet peoples... Not good or bad. Just a fact.

[@myhobbithome7612]

I'm not sure if anyone mentioned this before, but it appears that ötzi (born in 3345 BCE in northern Italy) is genetically very close to Corsicans and Sardinians. So as you suggested in the video, Old Europeans could have looked a bit like Present-Day Sardinians!

[@Boretheory]

So slightly more handsome than the rest of the Italians and short asf? AJO i’ll take that

[@TheAwillz]

There are old myths in Wales about the Dark/Black people who lived in Briton before our Celtic ancestors migrated here. There’s also a very distinct difference in Wales between the tall fair haired people and the short, squat dark haired peoples. Some of the old people I knew as I kid looked almost like white aboriginals, with very thick and dark curly hair. You don’t seem them anymore.

[@docteurflipus2487]

Could It be the short curly haired welsh people were true ethnic celts and the large blonde-haired welsh people were ethnic saxons and normans maybe? If what you say is true, Wales could be a really interesting genetic bank.

[@TheAwillz]

Docteur Flipus yeah that could be true! Although the Saxons/Norman’s came to Britain in 1000ad where as my people say they came along time before. But still, the old people seem to have a lot in common with Basques it seems. You would find these people in he cut off villlages and valleys of west and mid wales. Around the region of Merlin. Caer Myrddin. Myrddin being the original name of the wizard Merlin.

[@docteurflipus2487]

@@TheAwillz Sounds really interesting, definetly I'll drop myself on Caer Myrddin when I go to Wales. Is there like a book or a website where I can read more on the topic? Thanks a lot for sharin'! Im spanish and I dont know if there is like a true ethnic difference between basque people and other spanish, although It seems there is a genetic difference, though there are very few people with pure basque genetics, even in Euskal Herria. One of the most extended theory is that basque language actually has similar words and constructions with caucasian languages such as Georgian (dont know if it's said like that). There is a place in Catalunya that could be similar to this place in Wales, it's a valley called Val d'Aran, and they speak occitan not catalan. It is one of the few valleys in the Pyrenees that open towards the North (France) instead of to the South (Spain), and thus It grew pretty isolated from the rest of the country. I read somewhere the people living there where genetically very pure, and even had more relation with the genetic basques than the genetic spaniards. Though here in Spain this stuff gets really political and it's a bit suspectful at some point. Personally I think here we are equally moorish, visigothic, roman, iberian, celtic, sephardic and a long etc

[@cczevak5313]

The Pre Celtic peoples of the British Isles adopted Celtic cultural traits over time as opposed to being replaced by them. There is still a very substantial amount of Pre-Indo-European Genetic Ancestry in the British Isles, particularly in the areas that weren't extensively assimilated by later conquests by the Saxons and Normans, such as Wales and Northern Scotland.

[@Mia-dh4ev]

That's folk DNA the pre-Celts we're a small population of Eastern-Mediterranean famers scientists recently confirmed this with DNA analysis on an ear-bone found at stone-hedge.

[@bhaswatiroy3939]

Although I was too overwhelming for me to hear about existence of pre endo-civilization, I enjoyed it throughly. Thanks for the information!

[@KimKhan]

I know I have read the Finno-Ugrics migrated further into Europe as time went on, and are not a "native" population as is often spoken about when the ancient Sami met with Nordic groups in the 5th century abouts, and if the graph you used showed that the migrations into Finland occurred about 8 thousands years ago, would they not be more contemporaries with the Indo-Europeans migrating into Europe instead of an "Old European" group?

[@mikelmontoya2965]

Please, do a video on basque people!! My parents are basque and I do consider myself basque too (although I've never actually lived there and I don't speak Basque I've visited looots of times since all my aunts, uncles, cousins, etc, live there) and I'd like to know if my heritage is more likely to be pre-indoeuropean or not

[@Autconscipatheonive]

Mikel Montoya cool

[@harrymcnicholas9468]

Do you live in Nevada?

[@johnnyfuglestad349]

haplogroup I1 (norse) and I2 balkan is pre indoeuropean .

[@meroqero1476]

And E-V13 or E1b1ba.

[@r.livingston7745]

To me, the most interesting were the Minoans.

[@BicornioSPA]

Tartessos.

[@JPOGame]

Dacians 👌

[@wankawanka3053]

@@JPOGame nah minoans are far better

[@alexreg]

Not sure why you talk about the Finns here, as the arrival of the Finno-Ugric peoples in NE Europe is believed to post-date the arrival of the Indo-Europeans. Also, "Pelasgian" is an overloaded term, but if you include the Minoans (as many do), we are talking about a very advanced pre-IE civilisation, in fact the first proper civilisation in Europe!

[@davidkatacic7358]

Rome was the Borg of the Classical Era.

[@jv-lk7bc]

your culture will be adapted to service the borg.

[@fredlougee2807]

That sounds like a joke, but it's the fact. At it's height the city of Rome had over a million inhabitants, but only a small portion of those were fully "Italic" origin. When the city was sacked and the invaders smashed the aqueducts, rendering the city largely uninhabitable, many of these people returned to their homelands, but most remained and today their descendants comprise the bulk of the central Italian population.

[@AdmiralBonetoPick]

@@fredlougee2807 Actually, genetics show that Italy and Finland are the two "genetic reservoirs" in Europe with the least admixture from historic migrations. People tend to overestimate the extent of migration in ancient times. Genetic studies of Britain (see for example: "The Origins of the British" by Stephen Oppenheimer) show that "two thirds of the British people reveal an unbroken line of genetic descent" from the first humans arriving on the island from south-western Europe (including the Basque region) some 24,000 years ago; most of the remaining third arrived some 4,500 years ago (the so-called "Indo-Europeans", bringing the Celtic language with them); and only 5% of the genetic makeup comes from the 100,000 or so Anglo-Saxons who arrived as the Roman Empire fell. The truth is, in historic times 90% of the population were peasants living in the countryside, and these rural farmers seldom moved, regardless of whichever wave of invaders imposed themselves as landlords over them. Most immigrants (merchants etc) moved to the cities, where the birth rates were far lower, and mortality rate much higher, than the countryside. Medieval cities were sort of like genetic black holes, where surplus people from the surrounding countryside and further afield went to die relatively young and often childless, of disease or violence. Look at England: one of the main reasons the population stagnated in the seventeenth century was because one in every six people born in England that century moved to London, where the life expectancy was half what it was in the countryside, and the birth rate below sustainability levels.

[@furlan1743]

@@fredlougee2807 how is that even possible of italy is the most conservative genetically nation in Europe alongside with finland and denmark.

[@fredlougee2807]

@@AdmiralBonetoPick So apparently when the Barbarians broke the aqueducts the population of Rome just died. Harsh, but I can understand it.

[@tommythecat4961]

There were many contacts, trade, cultural exchanges and assimilation among the ancients... when I worked at the Jewish Museum in Florence, Italy, I met a Sardinian linguistics professor, who told me there are many villages in Sardinia with semitic names, modified by the passage of time. There's a place called Magomadas, and in Hebrew (possibly also in Phoenician) Makom Hadas means "a new dwelling/place", he also explained the Nuragi and Domu de Janas (houses of the fairies) are among the most ancient megalithic structures in the world, and were possibly an inspiration for others... There is so much we don't know about our past!

[@magd4570]

Oh yes, you are so right, so much we don't know about our past! Not yet! I am sure more will be discovered and nicely researched! We have been duped so much with distortions . We need to know our collective past

[@nebojsarasic5106]

Nothing happened to old European. They are still there. Just change names during the time.

[@KateeAngel]

@Voskre Glavincevska Macedonians in modern day are Slavs. Old Macedonians (like Alexander the great) were Greek

[@abbad707]

@@ladyfrog84 Wtf?So You're telling me People from Yakutsk are Slavs?

[@abbad707]

@@KateeAngel ue

[@abbad707]

@@KateeAngel ye*

[@ladyfrog84]

@@abbad707 In which part of my sentence you've read that??? 😂

[@alejandrajarabo3354]

You say that we know very little about the Pelasgian culture in Ancient Greece, that was destroyed by the migration of Indo-European tribes that contributed to Classic Greece. Pelasgian culture got imprinted in Greek Mythology: the fight between different groups and believes became the core of their mythological pantheon. Robert Graves studied the evidence of this extremely interesting period and its influence in culture, art and even poetry in his book "the White Goddess". He defended that the Pelasgian/Mediterranean matriarcal culture, crushed and blended with the incoming pastoral and patriarcal one, giving birth to classic Greek culture, that is the foundation of Western culture.

[@AGC173]

A large amount of the information anthropologists present as fact are instead their attempt of a best guess.

[@harrymcnicholas9468]

They make a hypothesis and then we enough data a theory.

[@panayiotisyannopoulos2668]

Adrian Campbell or their best propaganda as of lately I regret to say... the pure thirst for knowledge has been subjugated by the paying interests

[@paull2815]

Yup, science is like that, innit?

[@NewarkBay357]

The most interesting is, of course, the Greeks. Particularly the Greek-Macedonians, who are related to the Spartans as both derive from the Doric tribes with the common ancestor of Croesus, the 1st Macedonian King. Can you do a video and how the Spartan and Macedonian Doric tribes split in two?

[@vmro9446]

Mate Macedonians aren’t Greeks you loser

[@vmro9446]

I am a Macedonian I’m no Greek

[@shqipemalesore2620]

@@vmro9446 If you are Macedonian,then you are Greek.

[@zacharyzadams]

Basques shouldn't be red at 0:36

[@zacharyzadams]

It wasn't your original map but still

[@Masaman]

I made the map, yes. You have quite the eye for detail haha

[@zacharyzadams]

Masaman thanks, it's just the first thing I think of when I hear non Indo-European

[@brandonvistan7444]

That was in my mind too.

[@hallfrir3716]

Also Armenia and Iran should be red

[@kellyw8017]

The Old Europeans aren't gone. During the last Ice Age, many, but not all, migrated out of the coldest areas that were no longer livable. When the ice retreated, they migrated back. So they're related to the same people who lived in Europe tens of thousands of years ago. Many Europeans still have a tiny amount of DNA from Neanderthals, who last lived in Europe around 40,000 years ago. That gives you some idea how long ago Europeans lived in Europe.

[@jonaskatona7136]

There is a treasure trove of words (especially dialectal or archaic ones) in Greek (esp. Ancient Greek) which are believed to have been derived from the Pelasgian language (or language(s)), because they have no connection to other Indo-European languages, but often hold connections to ancient Anatolian languages, and sometimes even Latin (through shared substratal influence). What's nice about these is that they are mostly uniform and consistent, which shows that there may have in fact been a Pelasgian language (or group of related languages) which were spoken in Greece before the actual Greeks came. This is called the Pre-Greek substrate; Furnee and Beekes have done a lot of work on it. I'm glad that you referred to it, albeit in passing, in your video! Also, the Greeks kept relatively decent (although a bit scanty) records of the people who lived there before them, as well as chronicled some major events and occurrences that happened between them and their "barbarian" predecessors. The odd thing is, they called them barbarians, but many modern-day Greeks are in fact descended from Pelasgians.

[@ginaibisi777]

Old Greeks and Dardanians are closer than old Greeks and modern Greeks.

[@ΗκαλήΧαμογελαστή]

@@ginaibisi777 according to who? The Albanians who wanna have Ancient Greek blood and make propagandas?

[@ginaibisi777]

@@ΗκαλήΧαμογελαστή sa Haplogroupom je konstatovalo to da mi Dardanci imamoistu haplogrupu kao i stari Grci a to ne znači da su oni bili Grci nego Albanci ali i Grci kao vi vole da kradu drugima identitet😂

[@ginaibisi777]

@@ΗκαλήΧαμογελαστή you can read about it than get back to me and we can discuss it further 😉 Okay

[@ΗκαλήΧαμογελαστή]

@@ginaibisi777 speak English

[@AnjumulHaque]

The best way to determine Old Indo-Europeans is by language, sure there were immigration and forced adoption, but language history can play a major role in determining large groups of people. Greeks were Indo-European we know this because their language belongs to the Indo European language group, so does Latin they branched off to the west while Indo-Aryan-Sanskrit group branched off to the east, a third group the Germanic language, including Old Norse branched of in the far north. Maybe the proto Indo-European civilization that saw domestication of horses near the Ukrainian steppes were a confederation of multiple tribes that were united like an empire, that eventually fell off and branched off to different locations. The Indo-Europeans who migrated west took some of the pre-Indo European culture and those migrating east took some of the pre-Indo European culture. The Celtic people were described by Romans as the most sophisticated cultural group of people they came across, while Germanic people were described as very primitive. The Celtic are survived by Britons, Welsh, Irish and some France population, France was Romanised after Gaulic invasion but the population remained largely former. It is largely possible that the Indo Europeans had a form of caste system like Indians, that divided different tribes into specialising in different areas, for example the Celts were given the religion part, Germans were given hunting and fishing (might explain why the germans particularly the Northern Norse ones were good at building boats and controlling the rivers and waterways mostly and great physique, also why they were considered dirty, Vikings from refer to either a union of the Norse tribe for controlling the waterways or only referred to Navy of the Norse Confederacy while the rest practised agriculture and gathering woods and food the Navy which they called Viking was responsible for their protection; I say this because there have found records of vikings calling their enemy they confronted Vikings too some explained this mean pirate but pirate would not be so organized and considered so prestigious for such a large group of people, so little history known about the pre-christian origins of Germanic in the North and Celtic people in the west what rulers they had for example, both Celitic language group and Germanic-Norse language group belong to the Indo European family too)

[@viliusmarcinkevicius4747]

Funny you mention that - the closest language to sanskrit by far in Europe is actually Lithuanian, or baltic languages. Lithuanian has words that sound and mean the same in sanskrit (medus -honey for example) , grammatical structures also hint toward it stemming from sanskrit, which - correct me if i am wrong - most likely originated in the region of modern day India.

[@richarddelotto2375]

Left out yDNA I1 and I2... possibly the first group to head north as the Glaciers retreated.

[@zoetropo1]

You overlooked the pre-IE populations of Britain and Ireland: the megalith builders. Their male lines are now rare but still with us. For example, the bodies in Newgrange have living descendants. Moreover, their tribe is reputedly ancestral to Malcolm of ‘Macbeth’ and, through his daughter and grand-daughter, the Plantagenets.

[@Estenberg]

I think that the most impressive pre Indo-European group are the Basques, before they held onto the most and they are still here. Next are the Estruscans, because Tuscany is awesome.

[@benyovszkyistvan408]

If you mention these two languages ​​and peoples, then the Hungarian language should not be ignored either! Find Mario Alinei's work on the web!

[@asier_getxo]

@@benyovszkyistvan408 Hungarian is not pre-IE but post-IE in europe.

[@codyives5409]

I knew the Basques were going to get mentioned. Good job!

[@SokolHazizi]

Hey man, great video! We often forget how dynamic the old continent has been. I'm wondering, could you do a video about Albania/Albanians? We have been taught we are the successors of Illyrians and Pellasgians before them, but everything seems to be disputable. What's curious is the fact that our language is a lonely branch in the indo-european language tree. (I hope this fact gets your curiosity 🙂)

[@sikiwitit3551]

Yeah man how can you forget the Albanians here the Illyrians dardania and etc like Albania is old dude. 💯🇦🇱

[@sanderson9338]

​@@sikiwitit3551 its no older than anywhere else

[@hiphop24-s3s]

Pellasgians is Ev13 2nd oldest haplo group to enter Europe. Ev13 is from North Africa and spread towards South Balkan especially Greece, Albania, Bulgaria... The dominant blood of Mycenaean(except that the rulling class were already the Indo European Hellenics), Illyrian and Thracians during bronze age

[@hiphop24-s3s]

@@sanderson9338 bro Ev13 is balkanic people. Spread towards South Balkan around 8 thousand years ago...

[@meti333]

@@sikiwitit3551he did mention, well the ancestors to Albanians Illyrians and dardanians. It was the pelasgians 6:30

[@stupidusedrnames]

Wow! PLEASE break this down into 1 hour lectures!!! So much info...so little time. Looks like you do some serious research! Thanks for sharing.