What Was The Universe Like Immediately After The Big Bang?

Researched and Written by Leila Battison
Narrated and Edited by David Kelly
Thumbnail Art by Ettore Mazza
If you like our videos, check out Leila's KZbin channel:
/ @somethingincredible
Music from Silver Maple, Epidemic Sound and Artlist.
Stock footage from Videoblocks.
References:
newt.phys.unsw.edu.au/einstei...
profmattstrassler.com/article...
sten.astronomycafe.net/planck-...
www.abc.net.au/news/science/2...
physics.aps.org/articles/v2/71
courses.lumenlearning.com/phy...
Image credits:
Planck By Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-R0116-504 / CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Principia Mathematica by Billthom, CC BY-SA 4.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/..., via Wikimedia Commons
Transistors 5nm courtesy of IBM Research
Quantum Wafer By Steve Jurvetson from Menlo Park, USA - A Wafer of the Latest D-Wave Quantum Computers, CC BY 2.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Double slit experiment By Alexandre Gondran - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
LHC By Maximilien Brice (CERN) - CERN Document Server, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... MAP By OpenStreetMap contributors - You may find a page on the OpenStreetMap wiki page for CERN, CC BY-SA 2.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
LHC detector By Tighef - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Calculations By Lucas Taylor / CERN - cdsweb.cern.ch/record/628469, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
CERN from above By Maximilien Brice (CERN) - CERN Document Server, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
CERN control centre By Torkild Retvedt - Flickr: CERN Control Center, CC BY-SA 2.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Quantum Wave function By Thierry Dugnolle - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Rug مورخ هنر, CC BY-SA 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/..., via Wikimedia Commons
John Wheeler By GFHund - Own work, CC BY 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
00:00 Introduction
05:52 Gravity
10:48 Quantum
18:03 Quantum Gravity
23:21 Inside The Planck Era

[@HistoryoftheUniverse]

Hello folks! Hope you enjoy it. This one is pretty wild. In two weeks we shall be exploring...how time began. So stick around, just getting started. Hopefully shall also melt your minds. Like, subscribe and leave a comment. Thanks!

[@kidmohair8151]

thanks for provoking the random particles in my brain into a thought stew

[@EvertGroot]

The sound design is beautiful

[@ashroskell]

Where have you been all my life?! Beautifully explained, sublime music, underneath a musical voice (is that a Welsh lilt?), all wrapped around thought torturing ideas like a sugary centre of a confectionary of science! Truly delighted to have discovered this channel on this lazy Sunday afternoon . . . What a treat! ✌️👍

[@moodyrick8503]

Mixing the science & history together takes it to the next level. Very professional. And of course thanks for making it digestible, as most of us are not physicist's.

[@jgreen2015]

At around the 2 minute mark you say "an hour is just an arbitrary unit of time" Ive heard other science youtubers say similar things. That whilst mass and length have standard measurements now, and smallest possible units, based in physics time does not. But surely... If the plank length is the smallest possible division of space And the speed of light is the fastest anything can travel through space Then time can be measured and given a smallest unit in terms of physics. The time it takes light to travel 1 plank length in a vacuum. Nothing can travel faster..so no possible shorter time there. And nothing can move a lesser amount. You can move half a plank length. So no shorter time available there So then an hour could be defined in terms of those units. The time it takes light to travel x plank lengths in a vacuum

[@astroandrius]

This channel and History of the Earth is honestly better and more interesting than documentaries on paid services. Keep up the great work!!!

[@varjagen4160]

You read my mind

[@charlesbenca5357]

Real science and Real engineering are good too

[@ShaheenGhiassy]

Suurusly great stuff

[@mileslong3904]

TV is garbage.

[@Krystalmyth]

@@fw_gamer2777 They're alright, the media used here is exponentially better for the brain I think.

[@frankowalker4662]

This series is written, narrated and produced with total professionalism. It should also be shown in schools.

[@argent1631]

so true

[@kurtisgonzales37]

Please don't do it the disservice of being put in schools... lol. Maybe everywhere but America....

[@richardavery2894]

Yes i agree. How do we blow this channel up???

[@xploration1437]

@@kurtisgonzales37 Why?

[@rjlchristie]

I don't agree, not on the narration side anyway. Kelly has a terrible sense of rhythm when reading. He constantly puts pauses in unnatural parts of the sentences.

[@sunkruhmhalaci2592]

None of the information in this was new to me, yet it was so well written and produced that I watched it all anyway and am still pleased. You didn't hype anything, you didn't oversimplify things to the point of stupidity nor go so deep that it would lose most audiences. Honestly, well done.

[@noeldenever]

The more advanced our research goes, the more we realize how small our hard-earned knowledge is. This exploration of our origins is an endeavour with no end point in sight. I'm just going to enjoy the journey with the scientific community for as long as my short life allows. Thank you, for another episode which is a gem to the eyes, ears, and mind. You guys always put professionally produced documentaries to shame.

[@jordanwright5795]

I wish this series was required viewing in high school physics classes. So much of how physics is taught is geared only towards the rote memorization needed to pass exams not on understanding the context, framework and humbling beauty of our universe. It seems to me much easier to memorize the details when you have the context of a story to hang those details on. This series is pure poetry.

[@craigfowler7098]

Yep the beauty and humbleness make it human and thus interesting.

[@clasbin77]

Every time I reach the end and see that "Written by Leila Battison" line my mind melts indeed. For there is undeniable beauty in the clarity of the exposition, rythm in the preposition starting sentences, intensity in the moments of personal revelation scientists had in pursuit of abstract thought. I like Matt O'Dowd dynamic and informal delivery, Sabine Hossenfelder's sharp no nonsense style and this pieces reach a height of litterary perfection to complement them.

[@paulmichaelfreedman8334]

Beautiful narration. The tempo is absolutely spot on. I've sampled many, many scientific channels, but 90% have narration that rattle on and on and on at a high pace, which I find very hard to follow and eventually starts hammering onto my skull. But I subscribed to this channel within a few minutes. I hope you make many many more documentaries like these.

[@billrodgers5532]

My thoughts entirely. I too tire of the Verbal bombardment whereby the narration sounds like one long sentence.

[@gonzalo-ortiz]

Cheerios to Leila Battinson for the script! That intro was really poetic, love it. David Kelly, man! you make sound epic that so many others would just read, thanks!

[@brainsXforXshit]

Algorithm needs to bless this man, everyone needs to thumbs up, comment and subscribe.

[@Splaccemttv]

Exactly wat these channels r made for ive seen at least 3 channels like these all made in about the same period of time in my brain these channels r cash grabs, but hey the contents great at least

[@chronic_cynic]

If the content is great, not sure what your objection is. Considering it's provided free to you. No one creates content to entertain or educate you. That's just a side efect. Their main purpose is to benefit from their work in some way. And I for one hope they succeed!

[@ce5243]

Yes

[@Krystalmyth]

It's funny, 88k views, only 3.2k likes. It's such a valuable thing, we really shouldn't forget to do it.

[@Krystalmyth]

@@Splaccemttv Love, you shortened a three letter word to one - twice, because it's too long for you to be bothered with. I would be hesitant to trust my own brain if I wrote like this.

[@Zymru]

cant believe i found this channel just by chance! hope your channel blows up in popularity soon, this is some of the best explained science content ive seen on YT

[@dror2519]

Surprising this channel isn't bigger already, i really appreciate the work.

[@andrefarfan4372]

Black holes

[@shinydarkzeus]

Calm down it only has 2 videos and 1 was released a few hours ago

[@iaw7406]

It will blow up

[@sasapavlovic1454]

Its just new im sure it will grow really fast. Btw the voice is fantastic along the great storytelling

[@whocares2214]

@@shinydarkzeus 6 months later...I'm not calm lol

[@WilliamDye-willdye]

Well researched, well produced. Bravo! I may well represent too small of an audience to justify targeting, but if you want details about one audience member, here ya go. I'm not learning much anymore from "science for the public" material, but I'm not yet able to comprehend research papers -- not in theoretical physics anyway. Therefore my interest is in material that is, as I like to phrase it, "above my head but not out of reach". I want material that helps me finally read the research papers myself (or at least modern renditions of older papers which use updated graphics and naming). It's tough to survive in your field, so I don't mind if you target a larger audience instead.

[@philoujs]

This channel deserves more visibility

[@MindForge446]

Yes

[@force1535]

Such quality is unparalleled

[@sdgibo]

Thanks for producing the quality content that even most 'educational' TV channels have long discarded.

[@KateeAngel]

Intro: how using Imperial units can create serious problems lol

[@jacqueline-chantallestefan1940]

Imagine if it wasnt a probe but a manned spaceship…

[@BlackSakura33]

It was an example of arrogance and baseless superiority of a certain country. The scenario haven't changed much even now. Scientists are a bit more cautious maybe.

[@afx935]

@@BlackSakura33 Damn France and their metricification.

[@afx935]

U.S. Customary. :)

[@sinisterjuggalo4364]

It is quite clearly explained that it wouldn't have mattered what system of measurement was used, so long as everyone involved agreed to use said standard.

[@Lillyyyy433]

Seriously awesome video series. You brought up one of my favorite ideas of all time: light acting as both a wave and as a particle.. so strange and wonderful

[@gabimolko]

The quality of your documentaries is top notch, I hope more people find your videos. I rewatch several of your History of the Earth videos and I am looking forward to do the same here. Keep it up!

[@seraphinasowerby9453]

The level of quality and passion put into this vid blows my mind almost as much as the content of said vid. I hope more people find this channel, you defs deserve the subs and views

[@ASH-vz4ue]

Hope you learn how to spell someday.

[@whocares2214]

@@ASH-vz4ue what was spelled wrong?

[@whocares2214]

@@ASH-vz4ue defs is the only problem I can see but people use it as a shorthand version of definitely

[@whocares2214]

@@ASH-vz4ue Vid and subs are shortened as well. So what is spelled wrong? What?

[@garyk1334]

@@ASH-vz4ue 15B years & then you appeared , really ? Must be some sort of cosmic joke

[@mitseraffej5812]

And somewhere hidden in that first Planck unit was everything and everybody that was or will ever be.

[@Hisu0]

Somehow, when touching the subject of the observer effect, science communicators NEVER address what does it actually mean to detect a photon, that on this scale, there is no such thing as passive observation, so you literally have no other way to detect something other than have something else interact with it in some way, which IMO is a serious oversight, as people hearing that, but having no experience in physics, imagine the future of the object being changed by looking at it. Then, it gets developed into various "paradoxes", like wave-particle duality, when in actuality, there is no such paradox: the photon is simply what becomes of an EM wave when it interacts with something, and us looking at it has nothing to do with it.

[@FloozieOne]

Thank you so much for giving a definition of the Planck constant. I have heard of it mentioned in many documentaries but never understood what it was. Now that I do I can finally create a picture/constant in my mind as to what was going on in that tiny amount of space and time.

[@Ender7j]

Would you consider doing a video(s) about the development of Relativity and the technologies it enabled and then explain what technology a Theory of Everything might enable us to develop?

[@boryshacker]

i was so mesmerized by the perfect introduction to the topic! slow, consistent and guided.just wow!

[@HistoryoftheUniverse]

Thanks! Lots more to come.

[@VigiHunter]

I had alway intrest in all these questions scientist asked themselves for centurys. Most of the stuff in this video I already heard or read but listining to you eyplaining it in this structured manner had me finally grasp a bit of what reality is actually about. Especially the part where you explained that light isn't just a continuous stream but rather comes in QUANTIFIED packets. With these words something just clicked, thank you for maing this knowledge free for the rest of the world! :)

[@bsadewitz]

FYI, it's "quantized". Not trying to be annoying; just figured you'd want to know. It is really bizarre, isn't it? I mean, where else in nature does anything come in discrete, uniform packets?

[@syntactyx]

Liked and subbed. This was such an ambitious undertaking and an incredible debut on KZbin. My recommendation would have been to explore in greater depth the role of cosmic background radiation in reifying the veracity of a hot, compact early universe, rather than just seeking to tackle the currently unknown (and possibly unknowable) nature of the planck epoch. Additionally, from what we know from the cosmic background radiation, the key to understanding the universe before the recombination era and all the way down to the planck epoch could lie in the cosmic neutrino background - something predicted to exist, but so faint and low energy it is almost impossible to detect. Perhaps these important ideas could be covered in the next video. Thanks for this. Brilliant work.

[@Laura-S196]

This channel and History Of The Earth are some of the only best channels on KZbin

[@WildStar2002]

Your content is *SO GOOD!* Love it - thank you so much for your research and the careful crafting of these fascinating and informative documentaries!

[@sasapavlovic1454]

Oh my god i could've waited for your 2nd video to come out on this channel...Excelent work on history of the earth and since i love astronomy i know you'll do just as good on this subject as well. Great staff ! Keep up the good work.

[@davidwilliams2722]

I just discovered your series. Wonderful. Please do more if you can. Maybe an ongoing history of astronomy/cosmology. I love it.

[@michellereed2535]

The quality of this channel is top shelf. Very impressive.

[@donquixote1950]

One of the BEST channels on You Tube! I can almost wrap my brain around the subject matter. For brief instants, thanks to YOU, I think I sort of kind of “get it.”

[@hellofranky99]

The production value on this channel is amazing. All other KZbin cosmology/physics/science channels should take notice.

[@elietcetera9686]

Keep doing what you're doing! These channels will have millions of subscribers in no time.

[@NewDealChief]

The intro just proves how metric is the superior measurement system.

[@MrHeliMan]

It was a very interesting video and all in it well explained even for someone like me, only with knowledge gathered from other such KZbin videos. Love it. One of the best I've seen so far and I believe it deserves a bit more recognition...

[@maxxd.8687]

Contemplating the possibilities of quantum gravity blows my mind. Having such great and well-presented instructional videos is a marvel to behold. Thank you

[@knightvr_112]

Binged the entire series at bedtime a few months ago. Rewatched the Big Bang video again and am now subbed and watching series at a more awake hour and loving every minute. Beautiful work whoever you are.

[@charliepie1212]

Okay, so, about an hour into the history of the universe, and we are... 1 Planck time in. Guess I'll go make some popcorn.

[@robinchesterfield42]

Yeah I used to think that one episode of "How the Universe Works" called "The First Second" was an insanely zoomed in, concentrated subject. HA HA HA HA HA HA HA can I have some popcorn too? :) (although actually I did like that episode, to be fair.)

[@Eronimum]

Wow, the narration, the music, the editing. Absolutely amazing.

[@janosm5252]

This channel is one of the best. Extremely detailed information about the latest findings of science. No nonsense, the presentation flows flawlessly!

[@charlesmiller000]

This channel, "History of the Universe" should receive the equivalent of the Nobel Prize! It's so perfect in every way!

[@fatherofkayos]

If you and this wonderful resource had existed when I was in school, I'm certain that my career would have taken a different path. No regrets, just observation. Thanks for helping to ensure the betterment of humankind.

[@stimpy_thecat]

Back in my day, there were only planets, stars and galaxies, and we LIKED it! Now get off my lawn!!! *shakes cane*

[@anthonybaba1066]

PLUTO IS A PLANET!!!❤️❤️🤣

[@NiToNi2002]

Your vids are superb. Keep up the good work and be patient, this channel, like the universe, will grow exponentially.

[@Fregmazors]

This is my favorite one yet. I listened to the last few minutes multiple times. It works so well, because it is set up by all that comes before it. Well done.

[@Rafaga777]

Great channel and video. What a superb quality! Thanks a lot for this video. Please keep on the good work...

[@MikeIce4SG]

Thank god the algorithm. Im enjoying this more than my old science class

[@alewis17]

Yeah I was looking for more channels like what if, riddle, aperture, etc Lol

[@metameta1427]

I love this new channel. I loved the other one dealing with voices from the past. But this shi.. here, this is my jam. Keep up the good work and cant wait for a new upload.

[@GameTimeWhy]

This is really well done. I was surprised how few subs you have until I saw you only started up in January.

[@syntactyx]

Don't let the salty creationists in this comment section undermine the absolute gem that is this channel. Brilliant work of amazing quality. Absolutely would've thought this to be a professionally made documentary or commissioned educational film. Fantastic!

[@CatChrist]

Commenting to help boost visibility 💜

[@petercameron9187]

Each visit, intriguingly wonderful and confounding...beautiful. Thought provoking. May you all be well! Much gratitude.. thanks! 🙏🏻👍🏻🙏🏻

[@JohnVance]

Hey man this is a really great channel you’ve got here. 100x better than most commercial content.

[@toxic3n3rgy]

Phenomenal work.

[@rickybojangles162]

Yes yes yes, been waiting for this!

[@luke3501]

Discovered this site recently. What an absolute treasure. Every aspect from narration to presentation is superb. Thank you!!!

[@thinkgreen55]

Really good stuff. I read a book called “the first three minutes” back in college and it really blew my mind. Pretty sure we know way more now but it’s really cool to think about that extremely early beginning of everything!

[@garykeenan8591]

Superb, as usual. Great writing and production values. Thanks.

[@guiraudarthur7840]

I just got the privilege to enjoy a well thought, and well informed video, excellent job to all!

[@quantumrobin4627]

I had to pause 10 min in to complement the value of this content, i just recently subscribed and I am thoroughly impressed!

[@daisyviluck7932]

Thank you so much for these lovely videos. Never studied physics (my field is Nursing, so the focus was on Anatomy and Physiology) , this is awe inspiring 🙂

[@bread8176]

Phenomanly narrated!

[@jackscheidegger7781]

phenomenally

[@jonathangariepy9177]

These videos are like meditating, it calm my mind and help me relax. Thanks!

[@joeault9662]

The feel and tone of the videos on this channel are the best on KZbin. It reminds me of prime PBS!

[@rommeeheal3500]

This is the best description of our natural history from beginning up to our present, as well as highlighting the next step in understanding how the universe works. Thank you.

[@Greguk444]

Thank you. Very interesting and well explained

[@KenLikeEh123]

Absolutely top class videos. Amazing. A very interesting history lesson indeed

[@AranOCNC]

This is a great channel. Thanks for all the work ye put into it!

[@theklaus7436]

I like the format of this channel. Especially the history!. I find the way to the explanation enormous interesting. So even I have some knowledge it is wonderful to hear it once again ❤🎸😊

[@mrJety89]

So.. it's just like how a Futon can be both a sofa, and a bed at the same time

[@LMarti13]

ok this channel deserves WAY more views

[@the_catstronaut7037]

Love the channel. Quickly has become the videos I watch while cooking and eating. Great work

[@joz6683]

I cannot recommend this channel highly enough. The narration, subjects and pacing are almost perfect.

[@andrefarfan4372]

Great job video thanks

[@troyarthur376]

This channel and the History are Earth are the best documentary series I've seen in years. Keep it up guys!

[@ConquerYou]

What a great channel. Super explanation of making the complex sound much simpler.

[@regular-joe]

Learned more in even just the intro than in most full videos. Phenomenal stuff.

[@nicolasdelatorre7382]

Can we all agree that the imperial measurement system HAS TO GO?

[@justinbarion2269]

It's already gone in most places

[@dlee645]

Excellent.

[@jarosawzawadzki1801]

Great content! It is a real pleasure to watch. Keep up great work. Looking for more videos.

[@LucAnderssen]

Automatic subscribed! Such a refreshing breath of beauty and enlighment here. ❣️🚀🔭🛰️🪐❣️

[@nestor144]

Good work 👍

[@stevemonkey6666]

You misspelled "Planck" in the thumbnail.

[@HistoryoftheUniverse]

You are a lifesaver. I once misspelled "Independendence" over on Voices of the Past for an entire day. Well done me.

[@loki6626]

@@HistoryoftheUniverse I think you mean misspelt. Only kidding 🤣

[@srki1524]

35sec in, Subscribed!!! What an amazing production/content. Keep up the good work!

[@taylorschwarz241]

How does this channel have less than a million followers? Top notch quality, deserves a larger viewer platform. Awesome content.

[@brandenjames2408]

A great video, but I'm disappointed that this video continues the misconception that quantum computers are a "next generation" of computers and a move away from shrinking components, making it seem as if they are universally better than traditional computers. The reality is that quantum computers are only better at specific types of problems, and hardware research is certainly still attempting to shrink the components of traditional computers by attempting to use alternatives to silicon that can avoid quantum effects at smaller scales.

[@faulkgough1768]

okay, well, I'm by no means a computer guy, but; and know, I'm by no means trying to say your opinion isn't valid; but, I think, from what I've heard is that quantum computers do it different... like.. sure, we will make smaller and faster um... silicon? ones, but, they, with our current knowledge... are limited to a set way of running. ours run on 2.. (okay.. 0 and 1... ) but like.. I guess they said quantum is like 4 or some shit... again, I dont know... but... this isn't petty hrrrrrr car run on lightning over car run on bio mass.. this is... we know numbers... and this is them... 123456 vs... oh heck... there are like... numbers outside of the cardinals? While.. yes, I am weary of quantum computers.. you can bet that they will bet the shit out of our current rigs...

[@brandenjames2408]

@@faulkgough1768 i understand where someone not versed in algorithms would think this, but unfortunately it's not like that. Traditional computers approximate what we call a turing machine. We have proven that some problems on such a machine can be done in what is called polynomial time, meaning the runtime scales linearly with the size of the data (these problems are called class P). We believe (but haven't actually proven yet for all of them) that there are others that can't be done in polynomial time on such a machine. There are many classes of these but the one we care about here is NP. These are infeasible to run on traditional computers over a certain data size. Quantum computers approximate a non-deterinistic multi-track turing machine. For P problems, we have proven it is no better than a traditional computer. However, for a subset of NP problems (called BQP), we believe (but again haven't proven) that quantum computers can run these in polynomial time while traditional computers can't. This is where they are useful and needed.

[@brandenjames2408]

@@rosettahaze The reply is not solely directed at him. Also I realize it's not entirely understandable on a first read by someone not familiar with the terms, but there is only so much space in a comment and it was already overly long, so I just made sure to get the necessary terms in there for him to research further if he cares to.

[@kingwillie206]

Have you considered what a hybrid computer would be capable of?

[@whocares2214]

@@kingwillie206 not until now...🤯

[@ColleenJousma]

I used to be very religious. I had an awe for "creation" then. But my awe for the universe has jumped exponentially since leaving faith in a god. What an amazing universe we live in.

[@Arsenic71]

It opens so many doors, so many possibilities. And it's perfectly fine to say "We don't know (yet)" - it's better than relying on the notion of a creator for which there is absolutely zero evidence. Faith:= Belief without evidence.

[@mattschroeder6081]

It's possible to have faith in God while also having awe for the universe. Both faith and science will always leave humans with questions that can never be answered.

[@beaconeersofthesevenmaps3467]

​@@mattschroeder6081which one of the thousands gods INVENTED throughout history? Religious faith is just a primitive superstition.

[@Numba003]

I love the music choice starting at 15:33. It perfectly coincides with the wackiness of the quantum world and its uncertainties. :) Stay well out there everybody, and God bless you friends.😊

[@kenchesnut4425]

The Channels that y'all produce are the BEST ON THE WEB...Accurate...Consice .CORRECT.......JUST A SUPER JOB..MUCH LUV FROM N.AUGUSTA S.C

[@MrFreeGman]

So much time and effort trying to understand the first measurable moment of the universe, but I think an infinitely more important question is what happened before that first moment. What caused that energy to exist in the first place? Why are the laws of physics what they are?

[@duality4y]

first few minutes already are priceless I don't know how i found this little gem of a video :)

[@Sergio_X]

Best channel, my favourite channel. Amazing job guys keep it up. So important 👍🏽

[@IshtheStomach]

This video earned my sub. I woulda liked to hear about the gamble on super symmetry. Perhaps I was just playing favorites. This is not meant as a criticism and I'm spitballing the dates, but I feel like this video took me through Quantum Physics (for the laymen) from 1973 to 1997. It's a great video. Thank you for your work.

[@kloakovalimonada]

This is incredible. The writer has a rare gift of clarity.

[@loki6626]

Cosmic ✌😀👍

[@hevermiranda9871]

To address the introduction of the video, I have to say that in the US, I’ve only ever seen engineers use the imperial system. It’s not a problem that affects chemistry labs, as we report volumes, weights, and temperatures in metric units.

[@ij2513]

This channel is an absolute treat. The narrater is brilliant. Thank you!

[@renuduner2]

ȧ̴̵̶̲̞̯̞̩͇̼̩̣̱̤̘̖̯͎͙ͯͫ̅ͣ̒̈̑̀͆̐͐̎͜͡ḽ̛̜̘͎̦͓͖͙͕̜ͩͬͧ͆͗̔͐͋̑̇̈́ͤ͊̐̍̆ͬ̆͝͠ͅg̷̟̙͚̫͍̩̬̩̯̗͕̙̲̫̀ͥ̾́̈́̈́̊ͧ͊̐̈ͣ́ͥ͐ͬ̚ͅǒ̙̭̹̻̻͇͈͉͔͉̹̩̱͓̭̲͂ͤ̔͒̿̐̿̆̈̈̍͑̾ͦ͘͟ṙ̵̮̱͙̠̙͈̭̩̳̲̮̪̫̜̝̘͑͗̎͊ͭ̽̄i̧̛͌͆ͤ̈́ͤ̉̓͏͕̥̤̫͙͖̜̜̞̫̯̺̼̫̝͈̳̜́ͅt̷͎̜̖̹͕̩͔́̋̎̉ͧ͂ͭͧͮ͛̑ͪͤ̏͐̿͟h̡̛͂ͨ̍̔͗ͬ̑̋ͫ̚͏̢̬͚͚̦͇̝̝̹͚͖m̵̡͇͕͈̞̭͈͎̳̙̪͓͈̼̾̈͊̋̔̃ͤ̅͗ͩ̉͑̊͜ͅ ̡̛̞̩̣͖͔̻̭͕̙̬̲̦̫̜̺̐ͫ̿͌ͯͦ̇ͮ́̈́͂ͭ̇͂̌́ͅb̴̜͙̝̟̘͍̙̙̂͛̍͐͟͡l̜̜̲̺ͪ̌̍͊̈ͧ͘͜͞͠ẹ̢̫̜̘̟͔̬̲̬̞͖͕͔̝͉̞̯̔͆̀̕̕͝ś̶̴͍̰̜̩̖̱̜͇̦͉͔́̇͊̂̎ͯ̋̆͊̚s̼̮̖̰͓̦̮̪̬̲̜̹͒̽̿ͫ̈̎̂̀̕͟ͅͅ ̸̸̨̱͍̭͚̬̻͖̙̖͈̭͔̱̳͈̈́́ͥ̏̀t̴̷̛̗̗̜̽ͨͮ̃ͭͪ̋͑̆ͦ͢͞ẖ͕̱̘̮̩͉̹͍̜̯̩͖̺̙̄̈̋ͮ͋͋͂̑ͯͮͦͯ̚͘͟͞ͅẻ̛̪̥͉̞̈́͑̿ͬ́ͧͯͦ̀ͬ̾̌ͮ͑͡͡͡ͅṃ̷̴̨̬͈̩̗̻͚̩̗̰̺͚̺ͣ̉ͥ̉̌̿͒ͥͨ́ͭ̃͐ͬ̇ͪ̈́͟ͅ