When Rome Left England | History of the Middle Ages

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When the Roman Empire left Britain, England retained the city of London but was said to be so destitute that residents scavenged among ruins for metal goods as simple as nails for everyday use. National and ethnic identities were up for grabs between the Franks, the Gauls, the Saxons, and more. Grab your phone and get ready to dish on the ultimate celebrity break-up: Rome and England.
This video is episode two from the series England: From the Fall of Rome to the Norman Conquest, presented by Jennifer Paxton. Learn more about Middle Ages Britain at www.wondrium.com/KZbin
Table of Contents:
00:00 The Rise and Fall of Roman Britain
04:30 Hadrian's Wall Is Constructed
08:07 What Roman Britain's Landscape Reveals
11:53 Roman Britain's Mixed Linguistic Influences
13:28 What Caused Roman Britain's Decline?
18:45 Britain's Economic Collapse and Political Crisis
23:51 The Impact of the Barbarian Conspiracy
27:48 Romans Withdraw as Britain Loses Military Strength
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#FallOfRome #MiddleAges #BritishHistory

[@WheelieMacBin]

Historians were pretty sure of the timeline of decline in Roman Britain until 2017. In that year an amazing discovery was made that re-wrote the history books for the 5th century in post-Roman Britain. Until this discovery, historians were certain that British life had declined and reverted to something more tribal during and after the Saxon Advent. However, a mosaic was discovered at Chedworth Roman villa in the modern day county of Gloucestershire. That mosaic has been positively dated to being laid around the mid 5th century, and certainly after 424 AD, and probably as late as 450 - 480 AD. That strongly suggests that Chedworth was occupied by a wealthy individual who was living a Roman lifestyle, and that artisans still existed who could manufacture and lay a mosaic floor. That further suggests that other artisans and tradesmen existed, but more importantly, it indicates that some form of Romano-British administration existed, along with a military force. That would tie-in with the famous Romano-British victory at the Battle of Badon around 500 AD, which held back the Saxon advance in the west for at least fifty years.

[@sinsitysinderella790]

That's fascinating! Thanks for sharing!

[@kevwhufc8640]

Historians are slow in catching up with the evidence info archaeologists discover.

[@spacebeagle3810]

...in which a Sarmatian named Art killed like, 900 guys. Killed them to death, if I remember correctly. All seriousness aside, that is indeed an intriguing and cool tie-in.

[@ac1646]

I just saw a video on this! It makes sense. The Romans were in Britain for three and a half centuries. I can't believe that the whole of the civilization just went 'back' to what it was before.

[@heofonfyr6000]

I don't really understand what people thought was the case before... pretty sure nobody seriously imagined a sudden, complete and total withdrawal of all Roman culture and administration and cessation of any and all armed struggle in 411 AD 🤷🏻‍♂️😆 that wouldn't make any sense. I don't really recall the narrative being previously different or changing after 2017... indeed I remember lots of talk of battles eventually ending with the last Roman administration in Wales and of course the usual stuff about Arthur there... from 2017 there was simply a solid example of what everyone already figured was the case.

[@julianhermanubis6800]

I find it fascinating that Magnus Maximus appears in Welsh chronicles and histories and is said to have had a family connection to the very earliest Welsh kings.

[@KevDaly]

There also seems to be a distant memory of Caratacus, which is even more impressive - although it's hard to be sure since the name also occurs for different people in Ireland (whence McCarthys) so it's not obvious whether it was just a popular name in aristocratic circles, or even was a popular name because of his fame.

[@jrlaz0001]

This was absolutely fantastic! What a true teacher!

[@BB-yh5rd]

I was working in Gloucester area off and on for two years during the pandemic and my hotel was a short walk from the ruins of a Roman villa. Was pretty amazing that stuff like that was all over the place. An old structure in the Rocky Mountain region where I live is around a hundred years old. The depth and variety of history in the UK is pretty mesmerizing.

[@juniorjames7076]

"Futuristic" stories about a devasted dystopian landscape are really just our vestigial memories of past civilization collapse.

[@petelove9731]

Thank you, sitting here at work in a warehouse in West London watching this film. Great work.

[@erichodge567]

You're fired.

[@kimberlyperrotis8962]

I’ve watched all of this professor’s courses on Wondrium, I think she’s great.

[@Wondrium]

Makes us happy to hear you are enjoying the courses!

[@teddyjackson1902]

It’s pretty awesome that they had prefab mosaics. Had never heard that before. It’s like having access to target art.

[@sinsitysinderella790]

Lol, right?

[@riorockers]

It makes one wonder where Western Civilization would be now if Rome had never fallen. A Moon Base and a Martian Colony?

[@teddyjackson1902]

It’s confusing to me why Caesar’s expeditions to the island are often downplayed. He established the foundation on which the province was built by forming patronage relationships in the southeast where Rome ultimately gained its foothold with the assistance of local chieftains.

[@KevDaly]

I think it's largely because everyone there went back to business as usual after he left. They were accustomed to strong leaders imposing tribute and exercising sway for as long as their power lasted - the general model of war in Britain was the old one: you kill some people, you take their stuff, and you go home, maybe with some slaves or hostages. That's largely what Caesar did. It was only under Claudius that a permanent Roman presence was established - the majority of the island was very clearly under new management, and the freedom of the Britons was ended.

[@sinsitysinderella790]

I absolutely agree. The vast majority of mentions of Caeser in regards to Britain are how he was run out on his initial attempt. His actual contribution is mainly overlooked.

[@bassinblue]

We truly have a LOT to thank the romans for. Amazing.

[@michaelgardner8523]

Well said and explained. Thank you.

[@nerdmassa9086]

This is exceptionally engaging and clear on many levels, and I'm not even a native speaker.

[@frankenstein6677]

Looking at the map like this, I'm really assuming the Antonine Wall was built more to protect Rome's northern allies, than the border itself.

[@ttq3661]

Love this, a great lecture!

[@7harrylime]

Professor Paxton is the best. Her history of England from King Arthur to the Tudor conquest and 1066: The Year that Changed Everything are outstanding.

[@garryowen8875]

Arthur (if he existed) was 500 years before England.

[@7harrylime]

@@garryowen8875 She teaches how the idea of Arthur influenced England’s national identity, not Arthur as an actual person.

[@kevwhufc8640]

@@7harrylime Arthur didn't influence Britain, he was created by the earl of Monmouth in 12th century. Libraries didn't exist in Saxon times ,,, doh. I hate yanks talking about British history, its so wrong

[@7harrylime]

@@kevwhufc8640 There were oral traditions about a King Arthur figure going back to the Dark Ages. Gildas, Bede and other monks wrote about this figure going back to the fifth century. I’m not talking about Malory and the later French stories. Also, your 12th century date is irrelevant because the course goes until the Tudor conquest in 1485. Henry named his eldest son Arthur for a reason - to establish legitimacy as part of the Arthurian tradition. Maybe be a tad less condescending next time.

[@kevwhufc8640]

@@7harrylime I think it was around the late the 9th century the name Arthur was used, or something similar like Ambrose or artorius, but he's a composite figure at best, if not completely mythical.

[@Azilla00]

Great video, very informative

[@ngwailung3751]

Thanks for the video.

[@ulrichschliz1076]

Excellent in form and content.

[@Wondrium]

Thank you, Ulrich!

[@robbabcock_]

What a terrific video! ⚔🙏

[@Michael-fl1tm]

Thank you for this, it was a lot of good information.

[@Wondrium]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@BB-yh5rd]

This is the kind of great stuff I learned in university 30 years ago instead of the online nonsense that annoyed my kids and almost immediately decided to go into trades and sales instead. Really cool video.

[@kevwhufc8640]

At least there's more money to be made in trade and sales than any history job, ;)

[@BB-yh5rd]

@@kevwhufc8640 For sure. None of my boys want to go to college now. Trades are definitely where it's at because they're actually useful.

[@sinsitysinderella790]

This was fantastic, and so well written and orated. The mention of "Pre-Fab" mosaics kind of cracked me up, it's funny to think of things of the ancient world that way, but as you said, a really interesting indication of the stratification of society. Thanks so much!

[@riorockers]

I'm sure you could order a mass-produced, stone statue or column, so why not a mosaic? 😊

[@smooth_sundaes5172]

Germans were here long before the Saxons. Many were settled here following their military service. At Romes height, Britain was seen as a fairly sedate posting. The reason for pulling back from the Antonine wall was because Galloway was difficult to hold down. The rugged and mostly forested region consumed a lot of Auxiliaries and proved an expensive and pointless undertaking.

[@trustedgyan5268]

Amazing explain ❤️❤️❤️

[@Wondrium]

Glad you think so!

[@gregoryrollins59]

Don't know if I'd say amazing. She talks about Christianity that came there. That's misleading. Christianity wasn't, hasn't ever been one religion, one belief. In the 3rd and 4th century the Christian church was divided. Hence the reason why Constantine called the council of nicea in 325ce. Constantine was baptized by eusebius of nicomedia a western church Christian who didn't believe in the nicene creed. So was Constantine the 2nd. So was the first king of Rome. Infact non nicene creed, non trinitarians ruled Rome until around 590 ce. So who were those Christians? It matters. She wrong for not saying which she knows. That makes her a liar. Screw her narrative. Peace and agap'e

[@gandolph999]

Brilliant video.

[@gurunathanm2677]

FANTASTIC MADAM, YOU HAVE JUST TOOK US BACK TO SEVERAL HUNDRED YEARS. WORTHY OF WATCHING FROM CHENNAI, INDIA. THANKU MAM.

[@JamesWylde]

Excellent video

[@eric2685]

I suspect that many Romano British soldiers did not leave Britain when the orders came to do this . They had families here , and these went back generations . Roots , in other words . Whatever legends built up around resistance to Saxons probably have their sources here . In A.D.410 , the depleted garrisons of Britain were removed to defend Rome ... I bet some stayed here ...

[@ryangerrard4048]

Great video

[@sebjornsprauten1406]

Fantastic content 👏

[@Wondrium]

We appreciate your feedback!

[@jodintlz5491]

Love her explanation

[@bumblebeeeoptimus]

This videos have some Great Courses Plus vibes, and are as much good. I miss TGC+ on KZbin. 😔

[@HutchKansas]

Nice to have something real unlike the History Channel with the big foot, aliens landing programs.

[@altacalifornio5375]

Well... the winners write the history “real” or not...

[@martingrey2231]

What's wrong with Bigfoot???

[@MPM6785ChitChat]

@@martingrey2231 Short of one foot I'd say 😆

[@juniorjames7076]

"Futuristic" stories about a devasted dystopian landscape are really just our vestigial memories of past civilization collapse.

[@RPe-jk6dv]

roomans were never in "england", so they could not leave it.

[@icarusairways6139]

History presentation the way I like it.

[@aurelienyonrac]

Ecelent. May the history channel match your exelence.

[@beachboy0505]

excellent video 📹 the people of Britain then knew that must unite through force and politics.

[@genekelly8467]

Brittania (Cornwall) was an important source of tin (for making bronze); this trade continued long after the Romans left.

[@valmarsiglia]

Funny, here I was thinking that England didn't exist till four centuries or so after the legions left.

[@johnmaclagan2263]

940 ad or sometime about then

[@neilog747]

It existed in Jutland as a tribal territory for at least 300 years before the Anglish came over to Britain.

[@valmarsiglia]

@@neilog747 Yes, because that's exactly the same thing, lol. [Slow clap]

[@basilmcdonnell9807]

The evidence of decline I find most striking is the various caches of silver plate that have been dug up from the late Roman period. These would have been buried by the locals, who evidently never had an opportunity to come back and retrieve them.

[@dragoncrackers7660]

I think its amazing that we know as much as we do. We are talking about centuries and centuries of war, neglect of records and all of the other bad things that came about with the collapse of a major civilization. The fact that we have records at all is astonishing... mind you, Im aware that not all of these records are the originals and that we have had to fill in the blanks because there are gaps and contradictions... but we still have enough to piece together timelines and pretty good details in some cases. We even have names and details of their lives. Lots more entertaining to me than fiction.

[@johnhill9595]

Rome never left England. It left Britain.

[@honvun8002]

The best ever !!

[@redemrys5342]

So, Professor Paxton, did all this happen before or after the reign of the Emporer Donald?

[@kevwhufc8640]

3:00 it wasn't as simple as saying 'the tribes didn't unite' many did unite , but some made deals with Rome such as the Regni which made it easier for the Romans, to land and unload their ships on friendly territory without any hassle , north of the Thames could have been defended but the Iceni had already promised the Romans they wouldn't join forces with the catuvellauni and trinovantes, The Iceni remained on their own land after bending the knee to Rome, something that would they would regret over the following 18 years..

[@cambs0181]

It's refreshing to see an American explain our history in such a well researched and respectable manner. Rather than getting their knowledge from hollywood movies or some book they read as a child. I mean she hasn't even brought up the argument for aliens helping the Romans.

[@garryowen8875]

I always find statements like ‘When Rome left England’ as England didn’t exist until hundreds of years later. I’ll watch it later.

[@nicholasjones7312]

Yeah, I agree; so the Romans didn’t leave Wales then?

[@garryowen8875]

@@nicholasjones7312 yma o hyd.

[@garryowen8875]

@@nicholasjones7312 anyway. You know what it’s about. Neither existed then.

[@caliburncymro7988]

The word "Wales" is a foreign expression. The Romans left Cymru, our name for Wales then, our name for Wales now. Greek mariner Pithaeus in the 4th century BC said that the natives called their island Pritaen, We still do,, we call it Prydain, or Brtain to you. Not bad after 2500 years. The Britons are still here.@@nicholasjones7312

[@s.r.howell1297]

@@nicholasjones7312 Funny you should say that. Look up Magnus Maximus.

[@jjsmallpiece9234]

The Cornish tin mines shown early in the video are not from Roman times. A bit misleading to show them. They are more like 17-1800 time period.

[@joandark2]

She shows just how important it is to establish and keep at least a basic level of craftsmen and manufacturing knowledge so a country can maintain a comfortable civilised lifestyle, when foreign trade dries up. At a time when the whole of Europe is in flux, keeping our manufacturing processes must be fought for

[@TheGreenmangrove]

good docment

[@cymro6537]

The title is something of a misnomer - The Romans didn't leave 'England' - but Britain.

[@prechagirl]

This was good however I was left with the question what caused the economy to change and manufacturing to decline. I know she mentioned demand but it must be more than that for the impact it had

[@michaeljohn2826]

Contstant and persistent harassment of western European supply lines over the course of many decades made getting goods in and out of Britain not worth it.

[@KevDaly]

Rome didn't leave England because England didn't exist until well after Rome left. You mean when Rome left Britain. Even now England is only a part of Britain, it is not as many Americans seem to think another name for the island as a whole.

[@stiofanmacamhalghaidhau765]

agreed... very poor when even the title contains gross, basic errors. This isn't hard... it's like calling Scandinavia Sweden... actually it's even more wrong than that as you say

[@GeneralGrievousCIS]

Not American, and know the difference, but think part of the problem is that England, in political terms, has pretty much full control of Britain (and the UK) and so the term is used interchangeably. Sort of like people calling the USSR "Soviet Russia". It's dominated by one jurisdiction in terms of politics and power, and therefore the rest is viewed as subordinate if considered at all. Unfortunate to my view as someone with celtic roots.

[@stiofanmacamhalghaidhau765]

@@GeneralGrievousCIS definitely not used interchangeably by Scots, Welsh or N Irish, but for sure anyone seeking to sound credible and knowledgeable really does need to demonstrate that they know basic terminology... Would you trust someone telling you about computer science who refers to computers as calculators? Not an exact analogy, but I think the comparison is close enough. Mind you, most English people these days seem to have got their heads around the idea that it's not all england... tho most still refer to the UK as britain.

[@GeneralGrievousCIS]

@@stiofanmacamhalghaidhau765 fair enough. Agree in terms of Scots, Welsh, and NI. At the risk of getting political, I'd suggest there's probably a need for English (esp. Tory) politicians to get their heads around the same concept (ie. It's not all England) in electoral terms, as, the way things stand, UK elections are pretty much "win the English vote, make token statements, then forget about the rest of the UK they don't matter". I get why it's that way in terms of voting population, but it certainly makes the whole island (and NI) look to outside political observers like "England and it's slightly-autonomous celtic regions" rather than a union of four nations. You can probably detect my bias, I'm first generation born-outside the UK from a line of NI Republicans on the one end and Nat leaning Scots on the other, lol. Guess my point is, looking at it politically, you could be fooled into thinking the UK gov and English gov are the same thing (that basically is the Westminster model) at which point the confusion on the part of Americans and others becomes a bit more understandable. Not to justify willful ignorance or anything, or the use of the misplaced terminology in the video... just that it's understandable how people who don't really know or understand much about Britain or the broader UK may make that inference (again, in the same vein as "Soviet Russia" or, a less perfect analogy, people still just calling Austria-Hungary "Austria"). Back to the original point though you're right. Expert should've done better. I certainly wouldn't trust a computer scientist if they referred to my computer as a calculator 🤣

[@KevDaly]

@@GeneralGrievousCIS At the time of the American revolution the UK was a work in progress and a new concept (and it's always been a polite term for English empire)

[@py8554]

How many Romans left Britain, and how many actually stayed?

[@neilog747]

Not many British stayed behind in post-imperial India. Why the comparison? Empires are there to prioritise wealth extraction rather then settle the land (where there is already a large population). When the legions left, they took many young British men with theme to fight in pointless wars on the continent. It is unlikely that the British would have missed their oppressors.

[@randomcamus9445]

It was not, when the Romans left, the Romans did not stay because they knew that they would attack other tribes and they were in the lands as foreigners.

[@kevin-parratt-artist]

So where Ma"am, do the Vikings fit into this? The English language with all its ingredients could be described as a dog's dinner. Or Lapskaus, the Norwegian word for a stew with a bit of everything in it. Could we simplify it as saying that English is a Germanic Language with a Romanic overlay? There is Old Romanic, from the Romans, but from centuries later then Modern Romanic, modern Romanic brought over by the Norman's. There was the time when the elite of England spoke French. There are many words in English which are directly from the Norsemen. .. and a few more in Northern England and Scotland. eg. the Scottish word for child: bairn Norwegian: barn. port & starboard - starboard comes from styrebord, 'steering board' = rudder, which was always installed at the stern on the right hand side of the keel on Viking ships. (port is romanic)

[@johnkochen7264]

Vikings came some 300 years later as I am sure you are well aware of. On a side not, starboard in Dutch is stuurbord and in German it’s steurbord. Both words mean steering side as you mentioned. There are many such words. Hosen = trousers or pants in German Hose = silk stockings and flexible piping for water in English Hoos = a twister or small tornado in Dutch. In all 3 cases it describes a flexible cilinder-like object. Then there is shirt/skirt, water/wotter/water/wasser.

[@dontgivamonkeyz]

Bairn is not Scottish in origin but of old English and was brought to Scotland by the Angles who settled the lowlands of Scotland. Bairn is still used by many in the very north of England particularly Northumbria, Northumbria once stretch as far as Edinburgh and itself of Angle origin. The Scots language is derived from old English, ironically the Scots language and the Scottish accent today would be more similar to how the English spoke back in those days than they do now.

[@johnmaclagan2263]

@@dontgivamonkeyz Scots is our version of English- it has germanic and Dutch roots

[@Knappa22]

There is no old Latin in English because the English were not in Britain at the time of the Romans. Welsh is the only UK living language today where you can see a significant amount of very early Latin loanwords. This is because Welsh is basically modern Brittonic - the language that was spoken in Britain before, during and after the Roman occupation.

[@WagesOfDestruction]

I doubt that Roman Britain was ever economically self-sustaining. While the province did make some revenue from industries like mining, agriculture, pottery, and trade, it was an expensive territory for Rome to occupy and defend. Maintaining military control required a significant commitment of legions and resources. Over time, the costs likely outweighed the benefits Rome derived from Britain. Holding distant provinces like Britain became an unsustainable burden that drained resources from the capital. Once the Roman army left, the local economy, which depended on military money, collapsed.

[@cacambo589]

Anyone know what "sedullars" are?

[@londonbudgetgardner5205]

Excellent video An American came up with the truth.

[@melekcancesmebas3755]

It s wonderful

[@dnstone1127]

Where is that 1:34 please ?

[@maryearll3359]

@ DN Stone.... sorry, I haven't a clue. I hope someone will help us ☺️

[@fayeelizabeth3351]

Hi, this looks to be the Dinas Dinlle Hillfort in Gwynedd, North Wales

[@edwardhogan1877]

What language is that text which appears. on screen? Guessing from Armenian to Indian!

[@user-rg2hj7ex6p]

I remember as a kid: finding my parents old music collection and hearing an Iron Maiden song called "Hadrians Wall", among others. Two or so weeks later in history class the teacher said: "today we will learn about Hadrians Wall and Roman Britain. 😮 I was shocked and amused at the cross-pollenation of subjects.

[@eriktopolsky8531]

The fall of Rome or even fall of its provice such as BRITANNIA is great tragedy and CATACLYSMIC event for Europe as it has brought fallen Roman provinces centuries back in development. No surprise that when Rome collapsed, western partof known world immediatelly entered PERIOD OF DARK AGES, we can see here why, it was greatest empire that ever existet. Why have you left ROME again Brittania ? Is it not cold and lonelly out there on the edge ?

[@johnstuart7244]

England didn't exist at the point in the time frame referenced. I believe the author of this piece is referring to the British Isles.

[@kopynd1]

shes gud and a gud luka, luv from Bernicia

[@roolenoir3183]

Just started. She’s got a smirk on her face . Like she’s enjoying telling us about Rome leaving…

[@altacalifornio5375]

If it weren’t for the Romans the English wouldn’t have London, just sayin

[@roolenoir3183]

Go read some history.😉

[@hands-ongaming7180]

@@altacalifornio5375 that makes zero sense

[@justmenotyou3151]

In some ways, it's like you are describing brexit. 😂😢

[@richardabraham3667]

Very informative and fun to watch. And really smart women of a certain age are hot.

[@yasseralsaidi1168]

The Cornish either disintegrated and disappear or got infused and therefore became waterd down and lost there identity

[@neilog747]

Watch a comedy video by Jethro. Plenty of identity there!

[@Simonsvids]

She fails to mention that recent DNA evidence shows the extent of Germanic immigration was not as much as was traditionally thought. British DNA is still predominantly Celtic.

[@albertdeleon6272]

Their DNA evolved from Africa

[@schmozzer]

Yes, the approach is conventional. She talks about waves of immigrants but it took the English over a hundred years to take Bath and Gloucester from the British.

[@andybarry3435]

Don't forget the Jutes

[@user-qk4qy3tu5l]

And

[@gellionnen]

Yma o Hyd !!

[@ortensiorusso4775]

Ave Aeterna! Aeterna! Victrix

[@ndoungonecelestin6071]

❤️❤️💥🙏

[@paulgibbons2320]

They are still here.

[@silasgabriel4462]

13:17 Well that explains why the french are civilized and the english have the british museum, its the looter blood from the anglo-saxons.

[@danielferguson3784]

The Roman never 'left' Britain, but simply lost control of the nearby continent, & then contact was lost, money stopped being sent over to pay the remaining troops in the Province. Only those troops most useful for the continental wars, the Comitatensian Field Army units, would have been taken out of Britain for these wars. The troops of the British Limes will have been retained within the Province, as they would be of little use abroad, & would likely have been reluctant to be sent away, & may have refused to do so, having been born & bred in the Province for many generations. The many auxiliary units, the bulk of the British garrison, were spread around the northern part of the Province, in order that they could police the area, & to live off the land. These forces may have been reduced in number from the peak the 2nd century, they cannot have been reduced to a useless number. It cannot be said for certain that ALL of Britain spoke Brithonic languages. The eastern part may have been more Germanic, like their associated & related Belgic neighbours across the English Channel. The reduction of markets & production. with the loss of coinage, was the result of the removal of a major part of the army, which was the biggest market for produce, but also the producer of much necessary items, & also where the expertise was largely based. The population without the Army, without new supplies of coin, could not retain enough of a customer base to maintain the necessary quantity of production.

[@Valhalla88888]

England was founded 450 years later ie 970 AD😂

[@jjsmallpiece9234]

Wrong title. England as a country didn't exist in Roman times.

[@GH-oi2jf]

The title does not imply that England was a nation in Roman times. She is relating the history of the part of Britain now known as England. Everybody understands that perfectly well.

[@jjsmallpiece9234]

@@GH-oi2jf Yes it does, when Rome left England is a clear statement

[@andrewlewis9231]

Rome never left England - England didn't exist until centuries later. The Romans erected Saxon Shore forts to prevent their incursions. The various boat peoples, who later became the English eg the Saxons (which is what both the 'Welsh' and Scots still describe them as being), Angles, Jutes. Franks, Frisians etc came after they left.

[@triciasomogyi5431]

👍

[@robsurname4054]

England nor English existed at the time when the Romans left Britain ..

[@neilog747]

Yes we did. We were living in Jutland next to the Danes and Frisians. England does not begin in Britain.

[@robsurname4054]

@@neilog747 Be sensible .. England did not exist in Britain nor did the English language at that time

[@JosephPercente]

Roman culture endured somewhat until plague of justinian.

[@17garm]

Weren’t the ‘middle ages’ rather later? Perhaps more the ‘dark ages’?

[@thehum1000]

The welsh are not germanic or irish

[@spartanwarrior1]

It‘s Britannia or Logres 😏

[@user-bj3jv1jn6s]

The Italians began brits Education and the Vikings finished it

[@robvangessel3766]

A frivolous grievance, rather than have the host's face obviously reading text off camera, it's much more audience friendly to narrate the images such as maps, like a documentary. We don't need to see the lecturer - which, imo, is distracting.

[@keithmurphy5156]

I am enjoying watching your video BUT what a HUGE error you made at the beginning saying Roman invasion in 44AD when all know it was 43 AD don't know how you got that wrong

[@s.r.howell1297]

The Roman's didn't leave England because it didn't exist. Apart from the inaccurate name, great video.

[@andrewwhelan7311]

The Druids of the ancient Briton's were skilled in astronomical calculations. In the native tongue of The Cymru, stone henge translates as, aperture of the sun / circle of time. No mystery there regarding it's use. Rome murdered them all, obliterating thousands of years of knowledge.

[@pirbird14]

"They make a desert and call it peace." -Tacitus

[@eoincaomhanach1983]

I don't think Rome murdered them all, there was some movement from Britannia to Hibernia as well as to Gaul around that period.

[@cymro6537]

'Aperture of the sun' 'circle of time' .....Really? Nope ,the Welsh name for Stone henge is 'Côr y cewri' this translates as _Choir of giants_ Edit: I'm a native Welsh speaker (first language)

[@andrewwhelan7311]

@@cymro6537 The heel stone is the sun stone - Haul. Cawr / Gawr / Gwawr is dawn, awr is hour or time. Corelw / Gorel - Cor is circle, choir or college. Coreddu to circulate and Gorel is aperture Aperture of the dawn.... College/ circle of time. If we look further than our noses, using an old Welsh dictionary the purpose of the stones is plain to see. I don't speak Welsh but it's not rocket science to work out.

[@cymro6537]

@@andrewwhelan7311 No ,that's called shoe horning.

[@michaelbehrens1660]

So very tired of academic experts who continually say western leaders conduct military campaigns to boost their reputation. Just because weak academics are willing to lower themselves morally and culturally for ambitious gain and tenure and status on elite campuses, doesn’t mean men who grew up being responsible for lives are so flippantly callous to the human condition. No, those cruel acts, the worst, always come from such sages of intelligentsia like during the French Revolution and the Jacobinites and their educated and monied class friends. Confession through projection I think.

[@mikesaunders4775]

Rome never left England, it left Britain. The English didn't arrive until 449.

[@giadacarbone8979]

non è vero niente

[@MrKlipstar]

Londinium ,Bath and Adrian Wall,the Roman Heritage in Britain.

[@LorolinAstori]

Once again a video who’s title misleads potential viewers. 20 minutes of how Rome came to Britain and some Roman culture in Britain. What does this have to die the the title? Maybe put that in a prequel to this one instead of wasting peoples time.

[@Knappa22]

Absolute rubbish. There was no England at this time. When the Romans left they left behind the native Britons who’d been there before and during their occupation. The Anglo Saxons would not come for another hundred years.

[@Valhalla88888]

I understand as soon as the soldiers on Hadrians Wall departed the Picts attacked, and ransacked todays Northern England and may even have gone as far south as London? en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End_of_Roman_rule_in_Britain

[@Luddite1]

Well you forgot manx gaelic love