How Physicists Took An Electron's Picture - Physics Nobel Prize 2023 Explained

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The 2023 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to a fantastic trio working towards imaging electrons on the attosecond scale. I am an optical physicist, so I naturally want to take a deeper look at why this discovery is important, how it actually works, and what it unlocks for our understanding of the universe around us and how it actually behaves.
#physics #nobelprize #breakthrough #science
0:00 Electrons and the world of the minute.
1:22 "Everything in physics starts with Einstein" - Isaac Newton
2:26 Breaking the 6 femtosecond record
5:27 How to build the world's fastest laser pulses
7:05 Ad read
7:50 How to see an Electron
9:03 Why don't you just use a single photon?
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[@robert_iadanza]

The only interval faster than an attosecond is when the light turns green and the guy behind me blows his car horn.

[@gregschmucker1284]

Lol, isn't that truth!

[@douglaswilkinson5700]

When I'm first in line at a signal I punch it¹ thus making the guy behind me look like he's not paying attention. This is especially fun in left turn lanes when the arrow turns green. (¹I do make sure it's safe before punch it.)

[@norbertdapunt1444]

😂😂

[@gortnewton4765]

@@douglaswilkinson5700 Then you are dealing with RLR's (red light runners). You'll be the first to encounter one of those and you'll be going at a fast speed where you likely can't avoid a collision. Better to wait until someone else moves off first and use them as a 'shield'.

[@douglaswilkinson5700]

@@gortnewton4765 As I said in my comment -- "I make sure it's safe to do so before punching it." In L.A. red lights do not turn green immediately. There is a 4-second delay before they do. This allows me to ensure that all opposing traffic has stopped.

[@adilsongoliveira]

"Everything in Physics starts with Einstein" - Isaac Newton. I presume that includes time travel as well 😁

[@DrMaddy101]

😂

[@Tight_Conduct]

I don't know Rick, looks fake to me. My source? "Don't believe everything you read on the internet" -Albert Einstein

[@wonderpookie]

I had to rewind and re-read that bit... then I LOL'ed

[@Bernard_Ralph_The_Realtor]

Ok so I wasn’t the only one. And he actually clicked love on this. Wth

[@famous8dmusic591]

May be if we think physics starts with isac Newton we are wrong ,because in India ancient may be 1000 or 2000 years back saints wrote about atoms and their behaviour. You can ask why can't Indian people publish these things, may be at that tym they don't care patents or other stuffs

[@jensphiliphohmann1876]

01:23 _"Everything in physics starts with Einstein." -- Isaac Newton --_ ... killed me. 😂

[@DJ-Eye]

I'm quite pedandic, so I needed resuscitating.

[@theoptimisticskeptic]

The concept of an attosecond completely blows my mind! To think there are more attoseconds in EVERY second in there have been seconds in the age of the Universe since the Big Bang is awe-inspiring!

[@edwardmacnab354]

it is as though the evolution of the universe AND the evolution of life occurs every second at that scale to produce every single second of now

[@Handles-R-Lame]

​@@edwardmacnab354🤯woahh....

[@kumardigvijaymishra5945]

How do they measure an attosecond?

[@edwardmacnab354]

@@Handles-R-Lame yeah it's pretty incredible . It's as if there were whole different miniature worlds evolving and disappearing at our very roots every second . talk about multiple Universes

[@theoptimisticskeptic]

@@kumardigvijaymishra5945 Very carefully?

[@dunehut]

How bout showing the damn picture of the electron that you promised!!!!!!!!

[@felipellrocha]

But where was the photo?

[@danmiller4725]

Agree. Where's the picture. I'm half through this fast talking Miles talk and no picture of an electron yet. I've seen all this before.Boring. bye.

[@eiaboca1]

Did you watch the video? The "picture" is a reading of electron states after being probed with an attosecond laser. Electrons are SO SMALL that our eyes can never optically pick them up at the scale of their energy! Look up some videos on just how big orders of magnitude are, and get the gist, at least, of how small subatomic particles are.

[@lordgarion514]

Go to 8:00 and watch the next 35 seconds. But this time, pay attention to what he says and what's on the screen. He explains it quite well.

[@lordgarion514]

You too, 8:00 and pay attention for literally 35 seconds.

[@danmiller4725]

@@lordgarion514 Does this answer the question whether the electron is a probability wave as Born said or matter wave as DeBroglie thought it was? Miles is just improvising and looking for followers. I won't be one.

[@padraiggluck2980]

The physicists who produced the first attosecond pulse won an attaboy prize.

[@OldPannonian]

😂

[@kumardigvijaymishra5945]

Exactly which clock measures and attosecond and I am sure the error in measurement can screw the best results.

[@ScienceDiscussed]

Really great video on the nobel prize. Great level of detail on the topic that hasn't been covered elsewhere.

[@kunjukunjunil1481]

Local variations of wavelength within a laser pulse is really fascinating.

[@mmenjic]

So where is the picture ????

[@MadScientist267]

Never happened 🙄

[@holographicman]

As a musician and synth designer, this nobel price really spoke to me. And yes sometimes I think way to much about phase and harmonics. Great video my friend! 😊

[@richross4781]

Price? Very 👍

[@dimension2788]

Gotta love another musician physics freak like me. We wrote a country song about the speed of love. I believe love is quantum entanglement, spooky actions at a distance. Nothing is faster than the speed of love.

[@stashmark7105]

I like my prized noble duck eggs over easy

[@stashmark7105]

As a synthe mesc designer I've noticed that my new leather lazy boy rocker recliner ( circa 2100$ ) is built for short people and tips over with preset 1 attosecond alert then lengthy travel through the event horizon to point of no return singularity time to notice its been a few plank unit of time since I dusted the floor in my den. And I'm only 6'1

[@CarbonPhysics]

Your writing is excellent. Thank you so much for your clear explanations.

[@Fozzedout]

Holy moly... They did the atomic equivalent of a gravity sling shot with light on an atom to speed up the photons?! 🤯

[@cba99775533]

Very clear explanation - thanks.

[@peteypops]

When working with an electron microscope in the 60’s, I found it very time consuming to keep millions of electrons from a 100kvolt electron source somewhat controlled or focussed, let alone deal with single electron events….amazing science.

[@Banminator7]

Hey Ben, thanks for the great video! One question though, shouldn't the energy of emitted photon from the electron after recombination be the difference of its kinetic and binding energy, instead of the sum?

[@miguelalonsoperez5609]

Is really helpful to understand photoelectric effect as a time dependent phenomenon, I didn’t know that existed a duration to occur. Probably because of my poor formation on quantum physics I guessed that was something similar to wave function collapse. I was also very happy to know that entangled photons were used on other experiments as collapsing of one photon gives an exact and simultaneous measurement on the other. I red articles on Bell’s inequalities but were just “thought” experiments, do you have links or videos about entangled photons? Thanks for your excellent explanations!!

[@MOSMASTERING]

@ 8.00 Mins - the entire dialogue is just an immense tongue twister.. bravo for getting through it all.. !!

[@jean-philippegrenier120]

What an amazing channel! Super good find

[@trevorhobbs5947]

Thanks Ben, A fascinating video. I am a physicist and particularly enjoyed hearing about atto-second "frame capture" of electrons in motion. Totally amazing "technology" I have liked and subscribed Trevor :)

[@regulus8518]

i am so interested in the signal processing required to do this ... if you can generate a sub femto second signal is always in the optical form or rather whats the fastest electrical signal that can currently be generated ?

[@alanhamilton9633]

Admit that I still have a problem with photons. The attosecond laser burst is cleverly built with phased beams interfering to create the desired regular pulse. At this stage it is still an electromagnetic beam and as such, will transfer momentum to a moving charge (such as an electron). Instead of seeing the electron, it sees a displaced charge caused by the attempt to observe it? Is a photon still an E/M beam? I’m guessing not, or we at least don’t think of it as such, using probability density functions.

[@leonhardtkristensen4093]

I am with you I think. I do not think what they call a single photon exist. What is emitted from an electron when jumping back into the atom is a light pulse that consists of more than one cycle of the frequency I believe. It is an amount of energy that is measured over a second. E = hf The frequency may be any frequency but the pulse length can not be shorter than half a wave length I believe as it would other ways be impossible to tell the frequency.

[@SergiuCosminViorel]

they do not mention that they probed the electron with a multitude of lengthwaves, the result is a reflection from the electron, reflection of the probing signal. or say signals! what they pretend to be the image of the electron, is an image of the probing signal, and no image of the electron can be extracted from that.

[@simontillson482]

@@leonhardtkristensen4093 i think this is a really important point, that I’ve struggled to get my head around. I don’t really see any reason why photons as fixed-size individual wave packets would exist at all. I totally get the energy quantisation in atomic electrons - that makes perfect sense, and the fact it takes a certain energy of electromagnetic radiation to change the energy level of an electron is similarly obvious in its quantisation. However, since when an electron absorbs such EM energy, it immediately becomes oblivious to that energy, means it doesn’t matter how long the wavetrain is. So, are photons actually quantised objects? Or is it only their interactions with matter that are quantised? Personally, I’d lean towards the EM field being a totally analog thing. After all, extremely weak electric and/or magnetic fields definitely exist, and I don’t really see a good argument why travelling EM waves should be any different. A travelling EM wave (aka a stream of photons) obviously has a fixed relationship between the strength of the E and H fields (Maxwell) but the amplitude of the wave is arbitrary - no quantisation there. That leaves the only possible way it could be quantised must be a temporal quantisation - like you said, a certain number of cycles, possibly in the form of a wavelet or soliton. Maybe this stuff is obvious to those with a better understanding of the mathematics, but intuitively I’m constantly questioning this - are photons quantum at all?

[@leonhardtkristensen4093]

@@simontillson482 What I get at is that what we really only know is that the EM has to be above a set frequency to knock electrons free from a "Black body". Also we know that to make an electron jump in an atom requires very specific frequencies as they show up as either missing bands or emmisions at those frequencies. As this is the case and what we call a photons energy value (E=hf) is for one second then it is my oppinion that it points more to that it is the frequency or alternatively that it takes one second to do supply the energy needed. I get the idea about it being the frequency as I know from Radio technology that you can mix a couple of lower frequencies and get a higher frequency out of it. Unfortunately it demands something non linear to mix it and I don't know of anything non linear in the atom.Then I don't know very much about an atom. I am at the oppinion that there is probably a minimum value (amplitude) that EM can have which is probably the value of h or at least related to it and this would be the E value for one second at a frequency of one Hertz. Unfortunately to get any Physician of any standing to aggree to anything or even look at it appear to demand that one has an equal education and standing to them. I am only an Electronic engineer and there fore probably not worth their attension. What I do know is however that there are many people with special knowledge in special fields of electronics that know a lot more than me about those fields. They may also have a better overall knowledge but I have learned some things and I have a life long experience an EM also has to do with electronics.

[@gordonthorn2049]

Man I think that these wavefront objects are shapes that exist inward and outward. The universe has to be static. And the photon is like a kink in the shape that later is tied to an observer. A wavefront intersection, and that's 3d matter. The shape of particles are continuous inward and outward. That's 4d. We probably don't move at all.

[@Verklunkenzwiebel]

"42 attoseconds".. sounds like a good answer

[@woody5109]

Fascinating sir, always “enlightening”

[@algorithminc.8850]

Great explanation. Thanks much. Subscribed. Cheers ...

[@cobyiv]

Incredible explanation 🙏

[@defeatSpace]

On the day we learn about HUP, my chemistry teacher looks at me with contempt after I start questioning Heisenberg.

[@khalid6050ify]

Thanks for showing electron Orbital & cloud in real time.

[@rallanbarker8716]

Wonderful explanation! As I understand, these are ionized electrons falling back and recombining. Fixed energy orbital transitions (excitation and emission) may be different, possibly slower, as the electron oscillates at a frequency fixed by the quantized energy difference between states. Is there any work on transitions?

[@dougg1075]

Dude, this is the best explanation I’ve seen on this. And others Excellent

[@SergiuCosminViorel]

they do not mention that they probed the electron with a multitude of lengthwaves, the result is a reflection from the electron, reflection of the probing signal. or say signals! what they pretend to be the image of the electron, is an image of the probing signal, and no image of the electron can be extracted from that.

[@alwayscurious413]

Great explanation- some real fundamentals of light emission right here.

[@tomdchi12]

Was the time of the electron leaving/returning the experimental discovery of something that wasn’t well predicted on paper or more of an experimental confirmation of the theoretical prediction?

[@B_Weezie]

Newton was so ahead of his time

[@williaml2579]

is there a link to the actual picture of the electron taken? thanks

[@PaulHirsh]

Very clear and mercifully brief explanation, thank you.

[@DrBenMiles]

"Mercifully brief" is my favourite accolade 👍

[@SergiuCosminViorel]

@@DrBenMiles they do not mention that they probed the electron with a multitude of lengthwaves, the result is a reflection from the electron, reflection of the probing signal. or say signals! what they pretend to be the image of the electron, is an image of the probing signal, and no image of the electron can be extracted from that.

[@Alarix246]

So, where is the picture???

[@FourthRoot]

It's clickbait. The research didn't produce and photograpjs.

[@martifingers]

This may well be a stupid question but has this line of research any implications for how to interpret wave function collapse? It seems to rely on the electron having a specific position.

[@towerofresonance4877]

What I always found so fascinating on the infinitely small-scale is the infinitely large-scale of the universe and how things behave similar, and even the replication is similar, going inward as it is going outward...

[@MarkTimeMiles]

... "there is lots of room at the bottom." Feynman

[@krakhedd]

I love that Chapter 1 quote :D

[@OmniGuy]

Everything in physics starts with Einstein. ~ Issac Newton. Explain to me how Newton could have said this when he died 152 years before Einstein was born. @ 1:24 in the video.

[@DrMaddy101]

Up and atto-m

[@CGMaat]

Wheeler would be delighted! One electron universe - 10-18 - more atto seconds in a second than a seconds in our 13,7 billion universe -maybe it is just the same electron! One day we shall see the whole with the inner eye of contemplation .

[@Paul-rs4gd]

Is there any chance these techniques can help show how fast quantum tunneling occurs ? i.e. can a particle tunnel across a gap faster than light.

[@p.kalyanachakravarty7530]

@DrBenMiles Does this Nobel prize winning work show that Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle is incorrect at the Attosecond pulse level ?

[@hervigdewilde3599]

Generate 2 of those "square(-ish)" block waves, shift one a bit & subtract it from the other, et voila - even tinier pulses... (possibly?) "Such a clever technique, it must be aliens..." 👽

[@SergiuCosminViorel]

they do not mention that they probed the electron with a multitude of lengthwaves, the result is a reflection from the electron, reflection of the probing signal. or say signals! what they pretend to be the image of the electron, is an image of the probing signal, and no image of the electron can be extracted from that.

[@Albert-me1oe]

Everybody: where's the photo? I feel your pain.

[@xgozulx]

Wow, such a great explanation

[@kamariahrajainthiran1805]

Excellent work 🙏🏻✍️

[@kamariahrajainthiran1805]

Excellent work 👍✍️🙏🏻

[@DNTMEE]

What I want to know is the acceleration rate of a photon. For instance, when an electron emits a photon, does it accelerate to light speed as it is being created? Or does it do so only after the entire photon is created, and even then, does it accelerate to light speed or get there _"instantly?"_ Also, when traveling through a different medium, slowing the photon, what happens when it emerges at the other end? Does it actually instantly go back to light speed or does it accelerate to that speed? Which begs the question, since it's going slower than light speed inside the different medium, is the leading portion of the photon being stretched out since it's going faster than the part still in the medium? Since it seems nothing does anything truly "instantly" in our universe, there should be an acceleration period even for a photon to go from zero speed at it's creation, to light speed tiny thought that time period would be.

[@vladimirseven777]

Particle "electron" moving around atom core exists only in Rutherford's model of atom and on every youtube channel "explaining" physics. It is literally cloud, nothing accelerates there. Higher energetic level before it emits photon to lesser. Hacks like "wave function" designed to solve the problem of measurement (nuking territory to find droplet's position) - it tells you the size of cloud and where the droplet probably was. Or thinking about pool of water like array of droplets with special math and techniques of finding droplet's position. How you know that pool of water is array of droplets? When you using paddle you get only droplets.

[@robbiet6363]

Could Attosecond Pump-Probe Spectroscopy be used to detect the moment an excited electron loses energy and emits a photon?

[@dimension2788]

❤I was always told the time it takes for an electron to fall to a lower energy level and release a photon was instantaneous. This violates relativity by traveling faster than the speed of light. Now Albert is smiling and saying I told you so.....

[@alwayscurious413]

In my mind nature cannot do singularities (but maths can!) - there will always be a delta t or delta x etc. so I’ve always held it couldn’t be instantaneous.

[@zhavlan1258]

Эйнштейна мечтал измерить скорость поезда, автомобиля - через опыт Майкельсона 1881/2024 г., и только тогда, опыт будет выполнен на 100%. Это возможно выполнить с помощью оптоволоконного ГИБРИД гироскопа. Вот исходя из выполненного на 100% опыта Майкельсона, возможно доказать постулаты: Свет - это упорядоченная вибрация гравитационных квантов и доминантные гравитационные поля корректируют скорость света в вакууме. (Мы не ищем эфир, мы увидим работу квантов гравитации) В итоге увидите *теорию всего* в простом учебном устройстве и новую рулетку чтобы измерить Вселенную.

[@cyclonasaurusrex1525]

How much slower is an attosecond than Planck time?

[@jespervalgreen6461]

An attosecond is 10^-18 seconds, Planck time is 10^-44 seconds, so 26 orders of magnitude longer, or 100,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000 times

[@jaf0761]

I do not really follow the final discussion on "photon size" and attosecond pulses. A 100 attosecond pulse should be about 10 times shorter than a wavelength in visible light, yet it must encompass many photons, but that doesn't mean photons are that small. I always thought that the "size of a photon" is something not defined: the energy of a photon can be distributed over a macroscopic distance, yet the interaction of the EM field with matter will be localized.

[@strike-attack]

01:53 - "Everything in Physics starts with Einstein" -Isaac Newton. Wait a second.... how could Newton say that... someone is not thinking fourth dimensionally.

[@johnchristian5027]

Nice video! They definately deserved the Nobel for this one!

[@richross4781]

1/10 for spelling, 10/10 for the attempt to sound smarter than you are.

[@johnchristian5027]

@@richross4781 *definitely and what?

[@HumaniYT]

​@@richross4781Where did you get that second part from?

[@richross4781]

A far more intelligent place than you are incapable of reaching. If yiu want to keep at this, I intend to make you look ridiculous. I destroy people like yourself every day. I'm science mad, I enjoy some mathematics. Not my strongest suit. But neither was Albert Einsteins

[@OldPannonian]

@@richross4781 We understand @johnchristian5027's intent...

[@theoryandapplication7197]

thank you

[@chocopappy]

Dispersion looks like time dilation in this video. Literally what you would see as a warp craft flew past, traveling backwards and yet forward till it arrives.

[@edvinbeqari7551]

So - I have listened to a few videos now and I still do not understand. Are they taking a picture of the electron while is behaving as a wave or the wave has collapsed? How does this relate to the wave behavior?

[@seashells-and-seashores]

Yeah, it was far too brief. Just hand- waving.

[@SergiuCosminViorel]

they do not mention that they probed the electron with a multitude of lengthwaves, the result is a reflection from the electron, reflection of the probing signal. or say signals! what they pretend to be the image of the electron, is an image of the probing signal, and no image of the electron can be extracted from that.

[@kingdiesel68]

I appreciate you taking the time to break these theories down in a way that ever a person like myself with average intelligence can understand! Thank you sir!

[@ButchNews]

This is the MOST interesting thing I've learned in 20 years. I'm 79, almost 80. Into motion physics and realize I should up my education in optical physics. P.S. NOTHING can travel in a true circle, absolute time circle unless it can exceed the speed of light by 4/3 Pi(c)cubed where c is the radius of a sphere for a given amount of time relative to an *observer. At that velocity a singularity will seem to be an "object" relative in time to the observer. It can be in the SAME place at the SAME time... complete a circle relative to an observer at the SAME time. *The astute will notice this is the formula for the volume of a sphere for a given amount of time RELATIVE to an observer... and, darn, time is RELATIVE to the observer where the time period is the radius of the object/singularity/photon or whatever. i.e. on a proton a normal day-to-day second (1/3600 of an hour) would be a VERY, VERY, VERY LONG TIME. EXAMPLE: While Earth seems to make a circle or ellipse around the sun, it's ACTUAL path through space is an elliptical WAVE with a radius/diameter of about 93 million miles but the sun moves about 7 BILLION kilometres through space a year so the ACTUAL path of Earth is an elliptical WAVE with a wave-length of about 7 billion kilometers. NOTHING moves in real circles.

[@omerturkeropenai]

çok haklısın, olayın temeli bu ama çoğu anlamıyor. Bir elektronun üstüne kamera yerleştirebilirsen, artık ona bir elektron demen doğru olmaz, o kendi molekülleri olan bir maddedir. Işık hızıyla gidiyor olsanız bile ışık size yine ışık hızıyla gelir!!! son olarak bütün evrendeki en önemli element olan HİDROJEN ve evrenin en önemli gezegeni olan DÜNYA'nın şaşırtıcı derecedeki fiziksel benzerliğine hiç dikkat etmediniz mi?

[@nikhilsen9007]

How does a single photon of a certain fixed wavelength or frequency can have a short length(or pulse size in time domain)?

[@filonin2]

Why do you think there's only a single photon in the pulse?

[@filonin2]

Also, the limit to how short the pulse can be is the time it takes one wavelength of your longest wavelength to pass a point.

[@DavidLawrenceDaley]

Where’s the picture oh right because there is no picture, just a computer generated rendition being passed off as reality. I took a picture of the wind the other day. Y’all should check it out

[@zrab001]

FYI: The first name of the Hungarian phisicist is misspelled. It should read "Ferenc".

[@OldPannonian]

Yeah, these irritating central Europeans with their tongue-twisting names! All such names should be anglicized.

[@vinniepeterss]

nice one

[@eriktempelman2097]

❤ Great work ❤

[@oiiiiii5755]

This is the best video that explains it 🎉🎉

[@SergiuCosminViorel]

this video is imposture they do not mention that they probed the electron with a multitude of lengthwaves, the result is a reflection from the electron, reflection of the probing signal. or say signals! what they pretend to be the image of the electron, is an image of the probing signal, and no image of the electron can be extracted from that.

[@johnmarkey4862]

Well made

[@yahyadrwesh8527]

thanks

[@williamj.stockich]

Electrons are the smallest natural particles, but to get a better idea of what I think it means to take a picture of an electron, imagine the electrons are as palpable as a soccerballs. With nothing but soccerballs around, how does one take a bunch of soccerballs to get a picture made up of soccerballs showing a single soccerball. You saw the video, did you see the picture of the electron?

[@adama8570]

If time itself is quantized there will be a brief "time" when there is no time. Cf a camera with a temporary shutter speed of zero. If "temporary" is infinitely short it would still be quantized! Furthermore how would quantum gravity affect the different wavelengths?

[@debasispal4440]

Simply overwhelming !

[@SergiuCosminViorel]

overwhelmed by imposture?

[@williamkopanchuk]

Where is the Picture?

[@OldPannonian]

It is actual information on the state of an electron, rather than a snapshot picture. This detailed information helps chemists understnad electron bonding between atoms better.

[@aaaaa5272]

Correction: It is not faster that other light pulses!! It is just short.

[@foxfreeman1672]

Well done, sir.

[@norbertdapunt1444]

Awesome..

[@igoromelchenko3482]

Cool, now explain, please zeptosecond pulses

[@alandoak5146]

A 1attosec pulse would have a wavelet length of 0.3nm, which is similar scale to a hydrogen atom, which I'm guessing isn't a coincidence. Also, you seemed to imply that the photon is generated the moment the electron gets back to the lower state, have other possibilities been ruled out, like 'the photon is generated the instant the electron starts to return to the lower state'?

[@Number6_]

Here in lies the rub! Where is the electron when it is supposedly moving between states? How do you get from the bed to the bath without crossing the room?

[@alwayscurious413]

@@Number6_- how about there never was an electron per se orbiting the atom. Instead it’s an electron cloud that is oscillating from one vibration mode to another. (We see this also in molecular vibration modes.) The time it takes for the electron cloud to complete the mode transition is the em wave emission duration. The mechanism is classical in nature but the probability of what and when is the quantum behaviour. It’s a bit like when the gears slip on a bicycle- it’s probabilistic which gear you end up in even if you have all the mechanical details of the gears, sprocket and chain. So I’m pushing a classical oscillatory model (modal vibrations of electrical energy) with a quantum probabilistic overlay for the event itself.).

[@Number6_]

@@alwayscurious413 I appreciate your attempt here, and no electron as the particle physics people would describe it, but an electron cloud is still an electron. Would your probabilities be dependent or independent of each other? You do give a a duration to cross from 1 state to another. Therefore your probabilities would have to include being in no state at all, which violates the quantum theroy all together. This is the problem I have with the electron and photon. I think there is a whole branch of physics that is being over looked. Like Euclid's 5th postulate. Researcher are to comfortable with there present models to make any progress. Fresh eyes outside of Copenhagen need to look at this.

[@alwayscurious413]

@@Number6_ - thanks and your positivity to this discussion is really appreciated as it can be a sensitive field! Let’s assume the electron is only ever a fuzzy cloud of quantised electrical charge. It’s location as a particle is only relevant when it is observed, and the observation of its location is essentially Gauss’s law applied to the charged cloud itself. The cloud can never disappear so photon emission from an energy level change is the finite time during which the cloud oscillates between its two energy states. But it stays as a cloud at all times - I’m thinking of a balloonthat can be squeezed into different shapes under an external force but which prefers to pop back to its ground state when unsqueezed. As the balloon of charge oscillates between states it can emit light same way an RF transmitter does. The light emission is the result of the cloud oscillation occurring during energy state change (like a balloon it vibrates as you wobble it. it finally settles down and stops oscillating when it is in a more stable state. For ionisation to occur we can rip the cloud right off the atom and it is then a free cloud of quantised charge ready to be eg diffracted or localised somewhere else perhaps on a fluorescent screen etc. at all times the behaviour of the cloud is probabilistic as enumerated by its wave function and also momentum conservation. I like this picture - I’m just worried it’s ‘too easy’. It’s been in my head a while ….

[@Number6_]

@@alwayscurious413 your model sounds good. How these probabilities work is unclear. Something along the lines of a probability density function. Where you would have some exspection of strength of negative charge. I am not a supporter of the Copenhagen interpretation or of Schrödinger's cat, but interfering waves producing large densities in the discrete quanta amounts. The wave valleys being the spaces in between the quanta. The whole cloud being a standing wave when stable. @alwayscurious413 your model sounds good. How these probabilities work is unclear. Something along the lines of a probability density function. Where you would have some exspection of strength of negative charge. I am not a supporter of the Copenhagen interpretation or of Schrödinger's cat, but interfering waves producing large densities in the discrete quanta amounts. The wave valleys being the spaces in between the quanta. The whole cloud being a standing wave when stable.

[@stashmark7105]

As a synthe mesc designer I've noticed that my new leather lazy-boy rocker recliner ( circa 2100$ ) is built for the short people and tips over quantumly with preset 1 attosecond alert then time stops as I travel through the event horizon to point of no return singularly pissed in time to notice its been a few plank unit of time since I dusted the floor in my den. And I'm only 6'1" I could see maybe tipping if I was the proverbial wormhole to the cft boundary but nooooo just unrarkable 6ft tall and is the univerase shrinking yo fit short people better cause they were underrepresented til now and ADs is woken?

[@user-qv9oo2co7t]

Great explanation, but wish you had shown some of the visual data results they observed. You titled this as "physicists took an electron's picture", where's the picture?

[@dadsonworldwide3238]

Judging a book by its cover is great for hardware storage in libraries and quickly looking for a genre. I liken this to such a book recataloging itself because whats really interesting is when all these things are aligned in an abrupt critical extreme state of affairs and grabing a snap shot of how nothing morphs into something is like peeping inside a book . Lol Thanks to idealisma off spring of computation we now can begin allocating symbols to such inside data and map reality to one day be a pupils fingertips. Because of this, Evolutionary mythology is now something thats a human centric model that we control and can do and no longer has much value in our feilds of study. Antiquated understandings.

[@igoromelchenko3482]

Mind-blowing

[@SergiuCosminViorel]

yeah, mind blowing imposture

[@garysimon7765]

That's right. The electron held still long enough to PAINT it That's what a picture is. A painting.

[@prabesh321]

4:35 wouldn’t red light and blue light travel at same speed in vacuum? The speed of light????

[@seckinseckin3919]

so classical computers work we define as gigahertz and terahertz.. most scale yottahertz... but quantum computers work parallel entangled atoms attoseconds.. ??

[@EgonSorensen]

So now there's a 'picture' of the electron, how long time before we can go buy a bucket full of electrons... Oh, it isn't truly a picture of the electron - it's a negative 'picture' of everything else but the so called 'electron'.

[@defeatSpace]

Einstein can finally rest in peace knowing God does not simply flip dice.

[@airdogaron]

So is there a "picture" of an electron or at least some kind of visual representation of their findings?

[@dwinsemius]

Why would it be assumed to be instantaneous. I would have assumed it was constrained to be greater than h-nu divided by the energy difference of the transition. Heisenberg rules!

[@vladimirseven777]

So actually "paddle technique to turn water into droplets".

[@garysimon7765]

A picture is a painting. All these are photographs. Such is knowledge.

[@theoryandapplication7197]

Great

[@Number6_]

He never did answer that 3rd question after his ad but just drifted off in to applications instead.

[@fredrichardson7082]

Thanks

[@DrBenMiles]

You're welcome! Thanks for your support!

[@Taricus]

ROFLMFAO @ "Everything in Physics starts with Einstein" --Isaac Newton 😂😂😂

[@Bear049]

Red light is faster than the other spectrum think about what you just said in relation to redshift in stellar light

[@alwayscurious413]

Interesting point - it would imply a need for a chromatically dispersive universe! At the moment we describe free space as having zero chromatic dispersion (hence C = freq.lambda) with c a constant. This is profound because everything else in the universe is dispersive (which we infer implies some kind of damped oscillatory motion). If free space is dispersive (which in physical terms it should be) then you could conceive of a red shift over long distances as the dispersion builds up (as occurs in optical fibres over long distance.). If we could detect a dispersion in freespace then it could change everything.

[@SamiJumppanen]

Redshift is about stretching everything. When you slow down light (all frequencies equally, like when you observe a vehicle passing by and its pitch goes down, or slow down a recording), it has nothing to do with relative speeds of wavelengths. The spectrum shifts towards longer wavelengths, which makes objects look more warm, red. I was looking for discussion about the speed of wavelengths in the case of prism, because that doesn't sound like the reason why the prism splits up wavelengths. (It's the wavefront that changes direction in the diffraction... again wavelengths play a role here, not the speed).

[@alwayscurious413]

@@SamiJumppanen - I think it’s a question of perspective maybe literally so. Cosmological red shift is an observed phenomenon that has been ascribed to a Doppler shift associated with expansion of the universe. It’s actually a bit of a stretch if you pardon the pun, because the redshift itself doesn’t prove expansion it just provides one model for it. Other models for the redshift might be eg tired light or variable speed of light etc so it’s controversial.

[@alwayscurious413]

@@SamiJumppanen - dispersion in a prism is associated with wavelength dependent speed of light in the glass material. We say the light is slowed down but it’s actually a phase shift of the light wave as it interacts (harmonically) with the refractive medium. For a Ray incident a normal incident we get the speed change without a change in angle, for non-normal incidence you get the bending of the wavefront due to the differential phase shift occur across the wavefront. So in the above discussion we were considering whether the universe truly has a constant refractive index and gravitational lensing infers it doesn’t always and then the next question would be is there any chromatic dispersion we can active to freespace however small? One place to look would be for a degree of chromatic aberration of gravitational lensing as different wavelengths are bent at different rates. I’m not aware this has ever been reported so at the moment I assume we stick with a non-dispersive universe. But you never know…

[@edwardmacnab354]

Wow , newton was Prescient ? or did you get the quoter reversed

[@adon2424]

Where is the picture?

[@leifjansson8074]

"Everything in physics starts with Einstein" -Isaac Newton Hahahahahahahahahahahahhahhahahahhahhahahahahaha!!

[@blueandgreenslacks]

Would’ve been cooler if you had an actual photo instead of animations.

[@JahnaviRathod]

Finally seen electron

[@Bernard_Ralph_The_Realtor]

Can someone help me out? At 1:23 a quote comes across the bottom of the video that says: Chapter One: “Everything in Physics starts with Einstein” - Isaac Newton What??

[@Bob_Smith19]

Humor is lost on you

[@OldPannonian]

It is an example of the never-ending fawning on Einstein. Nothing more.

[@Bernard_Ralph_The_Realtor]

@@Bob_Smith19 damn. You’re so right. I swear I didnt think he was being sarcastic.