Who Lived In Spain Before the Romans? | Iron Age Iberia c. 1000 - 300 BC

Spain's etymology is ultimately derived from the Latin Hispania, and all the languages of the Iberian Peninsula are derived from Latin, with the exception of Basque. But what about the people who lived in Spain before the Romans invaded?
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0:00 - Intro
0:30 - Spanish Prehistory
1:10 - Iberians
5:12 - Phoenicians
7:35 - Greeks
10:14 - Celts
16:20 - Celtiberians
20:25 - Others (Basques, Tartessians)
26:11 - Arde Lucus Iron Age Iberian Reenactment Festival
27:21 - Outro
Music Used:
Desert City - Kevin MacLeod
Sunday Dub - Kevin MacLeod
Rites - Kevin MacLeod
Achaidh Cheide - Kevin MacLeod
Village Consort - Kevin MacLeod
Private Reflection - Kevin MacLeod
Send me an email if you'd be interested in doing a collaboration! [e-mail]
#Spain #Celts #History

[@JarkkoHietaniemi]

Cutting out the area of Portugal from the map when dealing with these ancient times is somewhat questionable.

[@miratodc]

Eaxtly why remove it when basically is about Iberia and not Spain.

[@soniczion]

He simply doesn't want to deal with the complicated status of the lusitanians.

[@divineriper]

It's a sponsored video so it's understandable but speaking of things like the Castro culture and ignoring northern portugal the only region apart from Galiza where that culture existed is weird.

[@cintiamauricio2384]

I agree with you, but Spanish archaeologists do pretty much the same, they deliberately ignore the Portuguese territory and you won´t find many papers that mention Portuguese researchers or anything going out about the west of the territory

[@JoaoSantos-qz8yp]

Agreed, really aweful

[@yeetspageet4204]

mans straight up got sponsored by an entire city

[@EduNauram]

Cheers to Lugo's city hall for sponsoring this, i'm pleasantly surprised by this move

[@historywithhilbert146]

Yeah I jumped at the chance to work with them!

[@markuhler2664]

I honestly didn't know anyone other than Americans were off-kilter enough to do reenactments. And an iron age one sounds a lot better than Civil War ones.

[@EduNauram]

@@markuhler2664 oh, europeans do plenty of reenactments all the times, roman and medieval mostly

[@thommyneter168]

@@EduNauram Waterloo and probably some other battles of that era are reenacted too

[@djismadx]

This is how i like my money spend, cheers from Lugo!

[@lakrids-pibe]

The Lady of Elche is one of the most amazing pieces of ancient art. Her headgear looks almost like cyberpunk.

[@ArcabuzStrife]

it reminds me of princess amidala from star wars 1 lol

[@lakrids-pibe]

@@ArcabuzStrife I don't think the similarity is accidental

[@TheGamingBDGR]

"On tonights Ancient Aliens. The Lady of Elche, statue of a priestess or evidence of time travelers from a cyberpunk future???? Tune into History Channel tonight at 9pm."

[@nicosmind3]

Ive just bought a house near Elche, and im very familure with Sagunto. So a lot of places brought up here ive known since i was a kid. Its almost weird to hear them mentioned in a video

[@alexandros6433]

Is a common representation throughout mediterranean sea

[@marywoolf1919]

More pre-Roman history please!

[@franl155]

I tend to get a bit fed up with any "history" that starts with the Romans; cos of course Europe had no roads, laws, money or culture at all before that. Even the Romans had a pre-Roman history. This was extremely informative and I'm going to have to come back at least once more to make sure I absorb all the info - or at least more than I did from just one viewing.

[@DATA-qt3nb]

For sure!

[@headphonesonfire7118]

No

[@buttercxpdraws8101]

Yes! Pre-Roman history. Yes please!

[@historywithhilbert146]

Thanks for the feedback!

[@jorgeh.r9879]

In modern day central Spain, there are still many villages that possess verracos, rustic statues of bulls made by the Celts.

[@fferreirinho]

Vetones were the bosses ! ^^

[@flar48]

Statues of bulls ?its wild boars.A symbol of the Celts in all Europe.

[@jorgeh.r9879]

@@flar48 They're bulls

[@tolrem]

Creo que eran jabalis.

[@xabiermartinezdeilarduia538]

@@jorgeh.r9879 son jabalís o cerdos , de hecho la palabra verraco significa cerdo semental.

[@Halloyaw11]

Iberian history is neat. Haven't even watched the video yet but I already know im in for a good time

[@historywithhilbert146]

Hope you enjoyed it!

[@Halloyaw11]

@@historywithhilbert146 Always do!

[@Ratchet4647]

Many thanks to the City of Lugo for Sponsoring yet another great History with Hilbert video about Spain!

[@historywithhilbert146]

Yeah they really are awesome for their cultural outreach!

[@ethanschenck9714]

Extra fun fact about the "Coast of Hyraxes" name. The name likely came from the rabbits that were extremely common in the area, and they used the name hyrax since they were the closest animals the knew. So yes, the name of Spain may well mean "Rabbit Land"

[@historywithhilbert146]

I read about this and thought it was really interesting!

[@theromanshogunate5716]

So ate Hyraxes named after rabbita

[@ethanschenck9714]

@@theromanshogunate5716 No, the Phoenicians simply named them after the closest animals they knew to them, which were hyraxes.

[@g.g.1663]

In Europe there weren't any rabbit after the last ice age, except in the Iberian peninsula. They had only hares... The Phoenicians also didn't know rabbits in their original land. That's because they named this peninsula that way.

[@alejandroojeda1572]

Which is even funnier when you realize just how distantly related hyraxes and rabbits are. Their resemblance us purely superficial Oh and btw, by asking a few Jewish people I found a couple of related words. Turns out they still use it for rabbit, hyraxes and the expression chicken out.

[@Ratchet4647]

I've been begging every ancient history youtuber I follow to cover pre roman Spain!!!!! Thank you so much!!!!!

[@historywithhilbert146]

Glad you enjoyed t!

[@carlosmingorance2110]

At this time of history, letting Portugal out feels a bit like making a hole in the map. I don't think historians or geographers at the time made a distinction and, indeed, it would have felt more natural to talk about Spain and Portugal together. A very good video overall, though.

[@gwawd]

My thoughts exactly.

[@jameshudson169]

also they don't do a good job of telling how spain claimed the name spain. seeing as spain is just a rump state of hispania. though i think i saw a video that hinted at it a little while ago. i shall have to try to dig it up.

[@brunobastos5533]

Foda-se estava a ver que éra o unico , o gajo fala da iberia como se fosse só Espanha cagando para Portugal

[@ililililili9726]

@@jameshudson169 When queen Isabella of Castille and king Fernando of Aragon unified their kingdoms, they decided to call it Spain because they intended to unify the entire peninsula under their crown.

[@jameshudson169]

@@ililililili9726 huh.....that's more information than wikipedia has on it. and how do they announce that country is called spain? do they sign documents king & queen of spain? do they have welcome to spain signage at the border? do they make a royal decree?

[@thefisherking78]

I find Iberia fascinating in all eras, and I loved this! Thank you!

[@allisonseamiller]

I love this! You use the one area, Spain, to cover so many cultures in such detail! More of this please, any ancient part of the world would be amazing.

[@historywithhilbert146]

An incredibly diverse area in this period - and what I find fascinating as that with the exception of the Basques there is no real linguistic or cultural transfer into the modern day.

[@rogerdines6244]

@@historywithhilbert146 not entirely sure I agree-for instance, there remain Celtic influences in modern Spanish, as there do in modern French-in both countries the Celts were driven to the edges-Galicia and Brittany, but those both still speak Celtic languages, or languages which show a strong Celtic influence, and, of course, Portuguese, being more heavily related to Galicean, shows greater Celtic influence. The conquest by the Romans of Gaul and Iberia was, if nothing else because of its greater proximity to the centre, more complete than that of Britain, which is probably the reason more pre-Roman languages and culture survived there. Without a huge depth of knowledge, I suspect that Britain is the outlier and Gaul and Iberia the norm, where the language and culture of the conquerors simply steamrollered the indigenous languages and culture.

[@Pepinyo33]

For those thinking of going to Lugo.... the food is amazing, one of the best in Spain and seafood/shellfish being one of the best in the world. Not to be missed.

[@arthurcolpanidasilva9693]

Maybe the existence of P in certain Celtic names in the Iberian peninsula, comes from the influence of the Lusitanians, who also had an Indo-European language, but distinguished from the Celtic languages ​​by the existence of the p.

[@historywithhilbert146]

That's certainly a possibility! I think it probably does reflect a Pre-Indo-European substrate of some kind.

[@dandyrevisionist7879]

Yes Lusitanians used to be inhabitants in Portugal.

[@brunobastos5533]

But some how look like he forgot "P"ortugal

[@brunobastos5533]

@@historywithhilbert146 As Portuguese i didn't like the exclusion when you speak about Iberia Andorra , Gibraltar and Portugal also form Iberia

[@brunobastos5533]

@@stone0234 we are not hispanic that why Portugal is country since 1143 and Spain not that is the kind of thing that that pisses me and many Portuguese and Bascs that are older than Spain

[@oliverdelmastro8608]

I assume based on the fact this didn't include Portugal we should expect a full video on the subject

[@julianshepherd2038]

🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 imperialist English b☆☆☆☆ds

[@historywithhilbert146]

Would you like one?

[@Bludthinkshesnapoleon]

@@historywithhilbert146 yes pls

[@billycorgan3934]

@@historywithhilbert146 spain was a geographical term for the Peninsula. Therefore there is no sense on excluding Portugal... 😅

[@javiermelladomusica]

@@historywithhilbert146 +1

[@valhalla-tupiniquim]

I'm amazed because the Celts were everywhere! From Ireland to Turkey.

[@Maatkara1000]

... because the Celts are one of the waves of Indoeuropean people. If you think that is impressive, research about Indoeuropeans as a whole

[@joshjams1978]

Thats a but like saying « Wow, there were Native Americans all over the Americas! » Celts were a huge and flexible collection of tribes who shared a common origin (central Asian nomad Indo-Europeans), and some some cultural, religious, linguistic and artistic similarities, but there were huge differences between the celts living in various parts of Europe. Also, the celts lived in small clans that would come together in larger tribes that would be part of larger regions, but the majority of a « normal » celt’s life would be spent in his small village clan, with a population rarely exceeding 250 people

[@Pianoscript]

Actually, Basque people are genetically related to the CeltIberians. DF27 is the parent haplogroup of celtiberians ( R-M167) which originated around 500 BC and Basques (R-M153) which originated around 0 AD and branched off DF27 after R-M167. All three haplogroups are found in modern day Basque people. Some Celtiberians were descendants from Tartesos. Check out Guarena in Spain. Its where my family originates.

[@towrofterra]

This is the coolest sponsorship I've seen in a very very long time! Big credit to the Council of Lugo - what an excellent way to spend an advertising budget!

[@WTFstyles]

Wow.. Im spanish and i always loved the classical era.. the fact that i didnt know about half of the things in this video and what was going on in lugo is beyond me. Thanks to you and the lugo city for making this video posible and planning ahead my next year vacations. Well done!

[@AnthonyEvelyn]

There is a heavy ancient Iberian influence in Wales and Ireland, possibly Cornwall.

[@saguntum-iberian-greekkons7014]

Yeah true, many of these regions have actors looking Spanish or Portuguese. Iberia-Hibernia (it means winter, but still) The Silures tribe is believed to be of a Celtiberian migrating tribe I didn’t really get it, did he said the Celts originsted in the Pyrenees?

[@Ratchet4647]

@@saguntum-iberian-greekkons7014 That is one theory, although contested.

[@rodrigogimenez-ricolaguna4913]

There is an old Celtic history describing how from Galicia some King went to Irland and then conquered England. I Heard is Celtic old History

[@saguntum-iberian-greekkons7014]

@@rodrigogimenez-ricolaguna4913 interesting, tell me more or give me what to look further about it on the internet

[@rodrigogimenez-ricolaguna4913]

@@saguntum-iberian-greekkons7014 Its called the Breogán Leyend. es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breog%C3%A1n#:~:text=Seg%C3%BAn%20estos%20manuscritos%2C%20el%20rey,Irlanda%2C%20donde%20Ith%20ser%C3%ADa%20asesinado.

[@hakonandreasolaussen1949]

Excellent video with great narration, thorough history, relevant etymology and showing how the history in question ties into other peoples and areas. Instant subscription

[@rmarks8]

I made an Imperator:Rome campaign where I unified the celtiberans as the Arevaci, without knowing they where the ones who did irl

[@historywithhilbert146]

Absolute mad man

[@bnb6868]

Irish Celts come from Iberia based on their own original mythology and scientific studies and the ones in Scotland from Ireland so it would explain that linguistic link compared to the Welsh being rather different linguistically even if they're both the same overall language family

[@nicosmind3]

Welsh is distantly (and i mean far off distant) releated to Irish, with a link at least 1000 years older than English and German. Theres no mutual intelligebility between those languages. Scotts gailic language comes from the time Ulaid (Antrim and Down in Northern Ireland) raided and settled western Scotland (before they turned to the rest of NI creating Ulster) , however Ulster Scotts are mostly decended from Anglo-Scotts, hence them speaking English. So theres an intelligibility between Scotts Gailic and Irish, but thats mostly in the islands. Most Scotts are Anglos, but Scotts Galic are 'irish"

[@bnb6868]

@@nicosmind3 ye that's what I meant. I know that Irish and Welsh are unintelligible even if they belong to the same language family because they're from different branches. But yeah Scotland has been thoroughly anglicized. Especially the plantation Scots belong to the Anglo Scots not the Celtic Scots

[@hugemuscletube8582]

Irish cane from Spain , as once, all Europeans, came from Africa.

[@bnb6868]

@@hugemuscletube8582 what

[@rethall2308]

I never expected a city of my country to sponsor Hilbert. It's so random, but also so cool!

[@johnmanno2052]

This was absolutely fantastic! Thank you very much for your excellent research!

[@figzntreezfigueroa5664]

Ahhh I’ve been waiting for this for quite a while… glad to know you’re on top of this, you truly are the best Hilbert.

[@historywithhilbert146]

Thanks man glad you enjoyed it!

[@DutchBulldog]

Please do one of pre-Roman Portugal. Viriathus and the Lusitanian War is an epic that can’t be missed! :)

[@HF06]

Don't forget Gallaecia. Portugal was born in Gallaecia, not Lusitania. Lusitania was conquered later.

[@DutchBulldog]

@@HF06 Yes, that is correct. But one cannot simply cover the history of pre-Roman Portugal with telling the epic tale of Viriathus and the Lusitanian War. A war which was bloody and took way longer than the Romans wished for. The only people on the Iberian peninsula who stood up longer against the Romans were the Basques.

[@Lordiboy14]

@@HF06 Gallaecia and Lusitania like Portugal, are three different things. Portugal only came from the Kingdom of Leon. Lustania was a different territory in Iberia like Gallaecia.

[@nubeirothropic]

@@Lordiboy14 finally I see people who recognizes Gallaecia. The Lusitanian obsession is shadowing the northern region and giving our people dementia of our own history. Just like in the Spanish state , the case of Celtiberians, Iberians and Phoenicians being told that they are the only peoples living in Spain.

[@jto2161]

@@HF06 incorrect

[@ikad5229]

Seguramente estamos todos los españoles fangirleando ahora mismo con Hilbert. ¿Un guiri hace un vídeo objetivo y súper interesante sobre Españita? Tienes mi respeto, admiración y espada por si la necesitas algún dia ;)

[@historywithhilbert146]

Muchas gracias tío! Estoy alegre de que tengo tu gladius hispaniensis ;)

[@jorgeh.r9879]

Jaja te ha llamado tío, este Hillbert debe ser tan bueno con el español que sabe hablar español de calle también

[@ikad5229]

@@jorgeh.r9879 He gritado como una fan loca al ver su respuesta jajaja. Aprecio muchísimo su contenido, y cómo pronuncia el español, prácticamente como un nativo. Y lo de tío me ha matado jajaja.

[@ctwarboss6913]

@@historywithhilbert146 Man you’re the only Englishman I know of that can actually pronounce things and not say them in a very English manner. Love your content

[@mdkooter]

@@ctwarboss6913 that's because he's dutch :D jajajaja. Nosotros de Holanda sí podemos hablar un poco de 'extranjero' si queremos :))

[@travismcnamara8919]

Very interesting. The story about how different cultures have arisen, evolved, combined with, conquered, or been conquered by others resulting the geographical pattern of languages, cultures, and peoples we have today is absolutely fascinating! Do it for Iberia some more and do it for everywhere you can get to please!

[@georgecostanza9440]

Amazing video, always look forward to your content!

[@allonzehe9135]

This is one of your best vids ever! More of this please, more detailed info about the very very ancient world.

[@historywithhilbert146]

Many thanks for the high praise!

[@RcsN505]

On the Basque-Iberian connection: as a historical linguist, I can affirm with certainty that counting systems are a poor diagnostic tool for genealogical relationships. Many languages borrow not only the terms themselves (think Japanese from Chinese, Greenlandic from Danish, etc) but also the systems themselves (think French from Celtic). Core vocabulary and morpheme paradigms are still the best way to establish a connection, without those it becomes very speculative.

[@thequantumcat184]

In fact Basque has the same counting system as French, and I didn't know but I guess the same as the Celts aswell

[@aitortelle13]

​@@thequantumcat184 the only numbers that have the same same system in French and Basque are 80 and 90, both are made 4×20(+10). The rest of the french numbers come directly from latin.

[@WmJared]

Always here for Bronze and Iron age history and prehistory, and for looking into past cultures and civs. And doesn't the Halstatt origin theory have a lot more evidence than the Atlantic origin theory?

[@themanhimself1229]

It does, but this is partially because the Halsatt origin would be more recent by many a hundred years. I think they are both true, and it was simply a much larger culture than people realize. It's the fact that it seems like the Celts kinda culturally appeared, everywhere from Austria to Northern Britan, with extremely simular cultures, all at the same time over a few hundred years, that makes me think it.

[@roodborstkalf9664]

Correct. The Celts clearly spread from the Northern Alps from around 800 BC in all directions. Sounds to me that the Atlantic origin guy is simply wrong. Like many British guys he probably knows a lot about British and French history, but not enough about the history of the rest of Europe.

[@beu9245]

@@roodborstkalf9664with you calling him a british guy i'm just going to assume you haven't seen him blasting the Wilhelmus in his other videos

[@origaminosferatu3357]

Cracking video! As a former archaeologist who's just moved to Aragón in the North East of Spain, I've been fascinated by the wealth of prehistoric sites and mix of languages here! Definitely gonna try to check out the Lugo festival if it's on next year.

[@longliveavalon]

Phenomenal as Always! Cheers mate!

[@HotelPapa100]

Realising only through this that the name of Iberia is pre-Indo-European. The river names of Ebro, Eber- are one of the very few examples where we have relics of those languages.

[@HotelPapa100]

@Ir liz True

[@esti-od1mz]

Many European places have obscure pre-IE names. Some of them are similar all over Europe

[@j.m.b5441]

Some of my ancestors were Basques, I have even met some of their direct descendants who are distantly related to me, this is an extremely informative video, I loved it and makes me wanna know more. Thank you.

[@user-qd4td7yb8e]

Basque is Iberian. Basques are Celts who adopted the language of my ancestors.

[@howardbellerby8815]

Great video. So interesting to get a less covered topic and what a brilliant sponsor. Money very well spent by Lugo

[@JesPulido]

The animations with the music together are brilliant. **chef's kiss**

[@Williamweinhardt]

Very interesting. Talking about pre Roman Iberian peninsula you should also included Portugal.

[@DinoMaRenAlva]

Agreed

[@normansidey5258]

Portugal didn’t exist pre-Roman, which is the period this video is concerned with

[@A.J._Zocratez]

@@normansidey5258Spain didn’t exist either during that time. The kingdom of Portugal was born on 1139, the kingdom of Spain was born on 1479.

[@FaithfulOfBrigantia]

Loved that call-out to the city council of Lugo, expecially considering today is celebrated the Lughnasadh, in honour of the Celtic God Lugh (whom the city is named after).

[@alejandroojeda1572]

Thank you for covering this

[@franl155]

thoroughly interesting and endlessly informative, thanks so much

[@historywithhilbert146]

Many thanks!

[@GlennWolfschoon]

Lugo is where my ancestors come from, I'd love to visit. So cool that they sponsored the video.

[@jacobscrackers98]

I noticed a mistake at 15:44: in IPA does not represent [kw]. It represents the voiceless uvular stop.

[@azazelreficulmefistofelicu7158]

Love to watch videos about ancient Iberia because they mention Gadir ;). Thanks Lugo!

[@jmjimenez8]

Great job dude!!

[@ChAdE900]

Finally, the Iberians barely get any recognition these days. Thanks for talking about'em.

[@samdog166]

This would make a great series, maybe one for the balkans and Illyria before the Romans, I find it really hard to get info about that region before the Romans and later Slavs

[@jeanlucmascoli2903]

Clear, simple but accurate and with nuanced ideas and references ,very good 👍

[@Phorquieu]

Well done, Hilbert. Very well done.

[@poliestotico]

Me parece increíble que el ayuntamiento de Lugo haya patrocinado a Hilbert. Osea, han sido super visionarios

[@doge-of-venice]

10:09 - 10:13 "Lit riches"? I've never thought I'd hear such a phrase in my entire life.

[@historywithhilbert146]

Actually a slip of the tongue but kinda works I suppose ;)

[@swim2kill]

Awesome. This video answered all my questions this is exactly what i was lookiny for.

[@scottanderson8167]

Late 2021 here. I have not watched one of your videos for about 18 months. You sound great. You’ve made a lot of progress in your presentations.

[@Pkn-tg2go]

Pre-Roman Spain isn't talked about nearly enough . Thank you for this

[@professorsogol5824]

20:00 ". . . used both for stabbing and for thrusting" suggests that there is a distinction between these two actions. But "stabbing" is defined as "to kill . . . someone by pushing a knife or other sharp object into their body" while "thrusting" is defined as "to put something somewhere with a quick hard push." "Thrusting" seems to be a necessary component of "stabbing"

[@bogdanmoisa]

He probably meant thrusting and slashing

[@markuhler2664]

Awesome video - thanks so much!

[@historywithhilbert146]

Thank you!

[@IanRoure]

Brilliant video - thanks!

[@elliotlane3225]

Really enjoyed this video, be great if you could cover the area currently part of Portugal. Lots of great history along the Guadiana and the resources in that area

[@54032Zepol]

another great video! i like the pre remon history!

[@historywithhilbert146]

Glad you liked it!

[@ecurewitz]

Thank you Hilbert!

[@Jorge-cf6xk]

Most informative. Will subscribe. The ethnic depiction of people was excellent

[@ivanstrydom8417]

Could you perhaps make a video about the connection with the Celts and the British isles / Scottish (Pictish) and Irish cultures?

[@historywithhilbert146]

If people are interested in this topic I can make some updated videos on Celtic peoples in Britain and Ireland as well.

[@rogerdines6244]

@@historywithhilbert146 yes please

[@regular-joe]

@@historywithhilbert146 yes, please

[@lasendadelperegrino9891]

Yes please 😁 !

[@valhalla-tupiniquim]

Celts were everywhere. It is amazing!

[@Sfaxx]

What are background songs you used for ‘Celts’ and ‘Celtiberians’ sections? They're amazing and I want to listen them all day!😄

[@historywithhilbert146]

Music is always in the description though the one playing for Celts is Achaidh Cheide, and that for the Celtiberians is Village Consort both by Kevin MacLeod from Incompetech Music.

[@jrileycain6220]

Wonderful information. Thanks!

[@jennypoussin3866]

Thanks so much for the Documentary! Very enlightening :)

[@martincrazereptiles8477]

Love these history videos learn more on KZbin of history then ever did at school

[@historywithhilbert146]

I'm really glad you're enjoying them!

[@sehnsuchtherz]

I'm glad to see you being sponsored by Lugo! Been from Málaga, I'll have a serious talk with our mayor so we don't miss any other opportunities like this one ;) (Having read a comment from a portuguese neighbour, it would probably be a good idea to at least include Portugal in your maps, can't really talk about your research, but you definitely speak a lot about Spain while meaning Hispania, wich isn't really a great sign)

[@historywithhilbert146]

Yes in hindsight I should just have included Portugal as well but when I started I wanted to limit the scope a little but that's my bad. Many thanks for your kind words - hope the video was enjoyable nonetheless!

[@sehnsuchtherz]

@@historywithhilbert146 That's fair This is a topic that always comes up when discussing Spanish history in antiquity, it can't be helped Caused by linking the history of a region with a modern nation, wich makes perfect sense Your video was still amazing, as always ❤

[@robotempire]

I was JUST looking for a video like this, about prehistoric Spain.

[@paulcunningham2859]

I lived in Spain for two years on the east coast and loved the history there I looked forward to more. Have you read ,Spain the root and the flower? It's a great book on Spain in general

[@squallreviews788]

Very interesting. I live in New Mexico. My family is Spanish and traces back to Spain at some point when they colonized Mexico. Just trying to get an idea of where my earliest roots stem from. Definitely left me with more questions then answers, but more interested! Thanks.

[@InfernalLeo777]

Being Spanish is cool tbh

[@Venezolano410]

Es un pocho estadounidense de linaje mexicano, linaje mestizo.

[@Duquedecastro]

Most of the colonizing families of New Mexico were not straight from Spain but Criollo (Spaniards born here) and Mestizo from the kingdoms of Mexico, and in New Mexico’s case, the old kingdom of Nueva Galicia (Mexican states of Jalisco, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes, etc) For instance, my ancestor Juan de Oñate, whose grandfather was one of the last fuedal Lords in Spain, was married to the granddaughter of Moctezuma II, Aztec emperor. Oñate was the founder of Santa Fe de Nuevo México. My family is from Zacatecas (where Oñate was born) because the families went back and forth between the kingdoms and provinces.

[@musehim]

I'm glad you spoke about my ancestors the tartessos :) we still have a village called "Tharsis"

[@rogerdines6244]

Well done: absolutely fascinating-you have sent me down all sorts of rabbit holes. First, could you cite your sources: they may well be in Spanish, but that just adds to the challenge! Second, the parallels between the culture in the 5th and 6th centuries BCE in Iberia and those in parts of Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries CE are fascinating: I am in process of reading Robin Fleming's Britain after Rome, and when you said the 5th and 6th centuries without specifying BCE, I thought you were talking of CE. Finally, I am interested in your pronunciation of Iberia and Iberian. Usually you are adamant that a name should be pronounced as it is by the natives (which, while complimenting the natives can cause confusion when speaking to a monoglot English speaker), but here you say the words in their accepted English form, with an anglicised initial 'i' and the stress on the first syllable, whereas I, who, as I say, usually feel it better to use the accepted English form, while adopting the English stress, use a Spanish initial 'I'. All that proves, of course, is that we all have our oddities, and the world is a more interesting place that we have! Keep up the good work, and anything further on Iberia and the Iron Age in general would be good, if only because I know so little of it, and what I do is long out of date.

[@carvingtheway]

Awesome video... comprehensive and detailed

[@Honeybadger_525]

What about the Lusitanians? Are you lumping them in with Celtiberians? Some sources distinguish them as distinct from the neighboring Celtic and Iberian tribes. What do you think?

[@Honeybadger_525]

@@nessie9709 Yes that is technically true. However, the distribution of ancient people don’t exactly follow modern borders. I was just curious what Hilbert thoughts were about the Lusitanians since their origins are kind of a mystery?

[@FaithfulOfBrigantia]

There is not much Iberian influence among the Lusitani culture if at all. Their art, architecture, religion and culture is identical to their neighbour celtic tribes, they were genetically identical to the nearby Celtic peoples and the language is very similar with the Gallaecian one, with some slight differences such as the /p/ sound. So they are either just Celtic or "Celto-SomethingElseIndoEuropean", but definitely not Iberian or Celtiberian.

[@Honeybadger_525]

@@FaithfulOfBrigantia From what I read those seem to be 2 most prominent theories

[@derrengui]

True, I'm from the Lusitanian part of modern Spain and was wondering the same.

[@marceloorellana5726]

@@nessie9709 Portugal is part of Ancient Spain. Portugal began to exist as a county until the 1100's. And then separated from the Kingdom of Leon only 900 years ago.

[@nicholasbaerwaldt9016]

I love Spain. Looking forward to this.

[@Franfran2424]

Great video. Muy buen trabajo

[@tymanung6382]

Muchissimas gracias, for a breathtaking marathon run through (" only ") 1 stage of Soain' s history!

[@mattmcdonald2240]

Really cool that you got sponsored by a city!

[@historywithhilbert146]

I know right! Kudos to Lugo!

[@seandarbe2521]

Fun video, please talk more on the history and culture of the Celts.

[@albetroz_]

Great video! These pre-roman cultures are mentioned in Spanish history lessons but not in that depth and detail. I find this part of Iberian history very interesting. I didn't expect you to cover Tartessos as they have more myths and legends surrounding their culture than actual history, which makes it very difficult to research and adds mystery. Many mythical kings, monsters and Atlantis-related stuff, with influence both from Greek and Phoenician cultures. Also, Malaka (phoenician Málaga) and Mainake (greek Málaga) probably were the same city or very close, because they haven't found anything from Mainake and the current city is built over the phoenician settlement.

[@marisamar3247]

Nice video & cheers from Santander, Cantabria!.

[@jorgeh.r9879]

You should make a video on the aboriginal canarians or guanches.

[@onecertainesquire486]

The Gaunches are so interesting

[@jkr9594]

First time ever a sponsorship is working for me.

[@historywithhilbert146]

I'm glad!

[@thepablyko]

Great job with this video! Something else I think is interesting to talk about is the town of "Los millares" in south-east spain, it dates from 3000BC and it is supposed to have been the biggest town in europe at its time

[@andreasghb8074]

Very interesting, thanks!

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

I can see Nicola and Wee Mhairi frothing over a Scottish World when Hilbert finally reaches about the Celts.

[@historywithhilbert146]

I'll be stopped at the border shhh :P

[@julianshepherd2038]

Nicola is 1/4 English Both of them went to Glasgow for their education not Braveheart late night shows. So despite the attempts to racially stereotype them as irrational celts

[@ctwarboss6913]

@@julianshepherd2038 Well they are pretty stupid, wanting Scottish independence when if it became independent they would collapse because they have no economy

[@alansmithee8831]

Hello Hilbert. This answered why I always thought pre Carthaginian Spain a puzzle and never did figure out how to paint up a wargames army that I planned to use up left over figures from other Mediterranean \ Celtic armies for. From this I would not have been so mistaken.

[@perfectpixels6531]

I love your picts series- I'd looooove more videos from this time period actually! It's not one I know much about.

[@himalayanbowls]

This is great. My family came from Asturias and this helps fill in some blanks. It makes me more curious because you mention the p / q distinction. My family name dePoo reflects the place name Poo de Llanes even though my family lived in Cue for at least 400 years. I wonder what happened over the years. I imagine the history goes back to the caves there and wish to learn more!

[@mew11two]

Q-Celtic languages retained a /kw/ sound (or changed it further to /k/) and P-Celtic languages innovated a /p/ sound from /kw/, rather than the other way round.

[@mm2pitsnipe72]

Super interesting! I am an American but... that just means I was born here. My parents were both born in Cuba but all my grand parents are from Spain. My mom still has the Spanish lisp thing since her parents are from Galicia. My dads folks are south eastern Spaniards ( Andalucía or Murcia , he isn't sure).

[@miguelrodriguez-pineroriva6713]

Something really cool about the iberian peninsula is a that it was a refuge from the great glaciation, which made the genetic makeup of the local people an absolute massive mixture to the point that we cant know the influence of the different peoples that came through it because their genetics were already in the pool

[@RobertJones-et7gh]

Excellent video. Thanks

[@Xerxesjc28]

very interesting video. One question, is it really correct to seperate Spain from Portugal during this time period? its almost as though the peoples and groups from this era had no interactions or connections between those that lived in Spain and those that lived in Portugal. Is that right? Did Portugal have a different set of peoples living there during this time period with no relating cultures, languages, etc. to those in Spain?

[@Maatkara1000]

No, it's actually not right. The northern/central part of Portugal was occupied by the Lusitanii, a Celtic tribe, and the south was occupied first by Tartessos and then by Iberians, but that's about it. There were no more differences between Lusitanii and the "Spanish" tribes than between one "Spanish" tribe and the other. In fact, there's no point (even more, it's quite wrong) in separating Spain and Portugal until the middle of the Medieval era, when Portugal actually becomes independent. Till then, Spain and Portugal share exactly the same history

[@unknown-ou3uf]

Love Spain! So beautiful, so free, so unique!

[@borjacarreterorobles791]

About the relation between basques, iberians AND aquitanians, Julius Caesar said that the aquitans had more in common with vascones and iberians south of the Pyrinees than with the gauls. In the lands of ancient Aquitania and Northern Catalonia you can find tons of exemples of basque-aquitanian toponomy. If interested an author called Joan Coromines wrote about this in his "Onomasticon Cataloniæ". There are some similarities in basical verbs like basque EGIN/EKIN (to make) in iberian EKI (appears on a lot of pottery accompanied with a persons' name. Clear referrence of "made by X"). Also, the numerical names are nearly the same between modern basque and ancient iberian. From 1 to 100 in basque and iberian: IBERIAN BASQUE MEANING ban bat one bi/bin bi two irur hiru three laur lau four borste bost five sei/serkir sei six sisbi zazpi seven sorsi zortzi eight abar hamar(pron.= AMAR) ten orkei/orke hogei(pron.=ogei) twenty atun ehun one hundred

[@justdawn9636]

Great video