Who Made the BARABAR CAVES?

A deep look into the caves of Barabar and Nagarjuni, and an analysis of the conclusions drawn by BAM (Builders of Ancient Mysteries) on the origins of the caves.
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► REFERENCES
Basics of Indian Rock Cut Architecture:
stellariasacad...
selfstudyhisto...
Buddhist Architecture:
www.eixdelmon....
On early Buddhist Deccan caves:
indianculture....
archive.org/de...
www.penn.museu...
Geometry of the Shulba Sutras
chaturpata-atha...
azimpremjiuniv...
Early Indian gold mining:
sci-hub.se/htt...
Hardness vs toughness:
engineerexcel....
Surface roughness tester specs:
www.mitutoyo.c...
BAM:
builders-of-th...
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[@SinghRoadwayS]

Only 25 kms from my home, this group of cave is unreal. The polish inside the cave is still shiny and it's built is cylindrical. I'm glad a group of caves that is not even popular outside few districts let alone India got your attention.

[@AS-jo8qh]

I came to know about this cave only because its location came as a question in SSC exams on 27th. I didn't know the answer so I came here 😅

[@Aditya-vu4ey]

​@@AS-jo8qhthis is the peril you see?

[@SeanJohnIoannesGiovanni]

The BAM popularized the caves not this nonsense video trying to disprove them.

[@scottnunnemaker5209]

@@SeanJohnIoannesGiovannimaybe they should have popularized it with facts, not nonsense, the there wouldn’t be a need for disprove their argument.

[@jojolafrite90]

Tell that guy he is wrong and the surface is flat please.

[@sonder122]

Both my father and grandfather were stone masons all their lives. You can definitely cut and polish granite by hand, they did it. I think that you could create these shapes with a peg and string, a plum bob, a masons set square a wooden circle cut in half. Generations of masons have created everything from Chartres Cathedral to stone pavers using little more than this. Also the masons who cut the caves were not necessary the architects who designed them.

[@OzyMandias13]

Why did you not carry on your family’s tradition? I’m not trying to be provocative, I’m just curious. The world is running out of craftsmen skilled in traditional methods. Should mankind faces a global catastrophe,those ancient skills would be useful to survivors

[@itsnot_stupid_ifitworks]

I was thinking the same thing a string fastened on the center line of the room with something like a plum Bob at the end would give you the exact Arc that you could keep repeatedly checking as you remove material. Also if I was making this I would have lightweight wooden templates of the proper curve for repeated checking during the roughing in

[@lostpony4885]

Exactly, requires alien tech c:

[@stillkicking7676]

"I think that you could create these shapes with a peg and string, a plum bob, a masons set square a wooden circle cut in half..." That may be possible, but have you considered ventilation in this process? Those were caves, not cathedrals. The caves of Barabar have single entrances and dusts would easily drop oxygen levels rapidly that could induce hypoxia. Dr Miano says that the ancients could have used masks and water, if so, what kind of masks? What I can say is that the kind of working conditions in the Barabar caves, you're polishing it, unless you have mask with breathable oxygen tanks, it's not possible. Ordinary masks wouldn't do. Also, the dust would make visibility very poor, if you're just using oil lamps. Or, you could grind and get out, and then it would take you forever.

[@Reach41]

@@stillkicking7676 Hmmm. So, do visitors have to wear oxygen masks when they go in?

[@ivanl.1881]

The thing that always gets me is when people say "those academics don't wanna accept new ideas and rewrite history". My brother in Christ, that is LITERALLY a historian/archeologist's JOB.

[@PlatinumAltaria]

Historians would LOVE to discover a brand new civilisation, that would guarantee fame and huge amounts of funding.

[@massimosquecco8956]

Well, Sometimes there were huge personalities who had very biased ideas, constructed on some ideology, and for many decades was difficult to contradict them: I m thinking about Marinatos on Thera and Evans at Knossos, and also Thompson with his own idealized vision of the Mayan Civilization. You are absolutely correct theoretically, but in the real world, we have Zahi Hawass & Marc Lehner...

[@Rynewulf]

@@massimosquecco8956 yeah so 200 and 100 years ago 2 of the 10 people who could afford to be archaelogists were pseudo scientists with fantasy ideas, but the only people stubbornly sticking to psychic alien stuff are nutjobs

[@massimosquecco8956]

@@Rynewulf I wasn'talking about aliens. I was referring to Philosophical Utopia or simply famous wrong conclusions of very influential minds

[@rockysexton8720]

If you look at the careers of hawass and lehner the issue is one where they are accused of suppressing new ideas because they are unwilling to buy into fringe theories with little or no supporting evidence. That is quite different from rejecting new ideas outright simply because they would rewrite aspects of history. A few years ago someone referenced a recent newspaper article about an archaeological dig in Egypt that was described as rewriting the history of the site or something to that effect. The person referencing the article said that something new like that must be driving hawass crazy. However. If they had actually read the piece they would have learned that it was hawass being quoted as saying the excavation was making scholars rethink the site. Big difference between suppressing new ideas and simply requiring high standards of evidence before changing an established perspective.

[@iamnoone9041]

It really bothers me that some people act as if humans were stupid back in ancient times. All that crap about the dust, and air flow, when the first mines made by humans were over 40,000 years ago.

[@patrickmcglinsky1433]

Cool straw man, bro... Nobody says they were stupid. It's a question of the tools and technology available to the people in the regions at the time the artifacts and structures are said to have been built. Next, it's a question of motivations and the dedicated armies of man-power necessary to create so many of such sites, as well as the fact that the EARLIER findings are often the most precise and advanced. Hunter-gatherers decided to be sedentary, figured out how to build outrageously and inexplicably precise, MASSIVE structures virtually on their first try, and then they magically forgot how to do it all, with later generations often explaining that they themselves FOUND these things and that gods created them after global cataclysm.. The universal commonality of such patterns alone would raise sincere questions towards the accepted narratives for anyone who is honest, especially for anyone who's ever actually been involved in comparably large work-projects in modern industrial times.

[@OurAmazingSkies]

@@patrickmcglinsky1433 Best comment on here. Unfortunately those facts will be conveniently ignored because they raise even more questions, ones that 'academics' refuse to entertain for fear of their job, their grant, their friends etc. The diarite boxes at Saqqara for example, how did they transport the stone, carve, move and why? Not one sensible answer can be made, yet they WON'T even debate it...because you're not ALLOWED to consider they are wrong.

[@larrywest42]

​@@patrickmcglinsky1433 44:56 "... With respect to the Ashoka builders, the results here appear to be too advanced when compared to the knowledge and technical means available at the time." Of course, the filmmakers don't _explicitly_ call them stupid, but they do say they didn't know how to do the work they clearly did, and which isn't even surprising that they did. (Impressive, yes. Surprising, no.) And they make this extraordinary claim while offering no evidence _at all,_ just their own limited knowledge of stonework and history.

[@michaelmurray6577]

​@@larrywest42 The saqqara boxes were carved out of a mountain, the heaviest one is around 40 tons. Separating the lid, even less. Shaped perfectly for rollers, easily moved by a group of 100 men even if being pulled by ropes. Big boxes were used for bulls, in worsip of apis. Detailed by the dynastic. Nothing strange. A whole different ball game to the "forgotten stone" which weighs 1650 tons, now that is a serious logistical challenge.

[@cattymajiv]

@@OurAmazingSkies Your comment shows you have no clue about it, and have been gullible enough to believe the very worst of the frauds, like Graham Hancock, Joe Rogan, History Channel, Bright Insight, and Brien Forster. I would be SO INCREDIBLY EMBARRASSED to admit it, if I were you.

[@MaciejBogdanStepien]

I admire your dedication. The worst curse for a scholar is to embark on a quest that's essentially about "arguing with people on the Internet."

[@normanshaw1970]

we all had that one weird relative with crazy theories back in the old days. Now they have found others like them thanks to the internet

[@cattymajiv]

@@normanshaw1970 Yes! I thought at first that the internet was the greatest invention ever! But now I think it was the worst one ever. Idiots have such a strong effect on each other when they get connected, and they egg each other on to incredible extents! The smarter part of the people tend to think for themselves more, and are nowhere near as prone to brainwashing, groupthink, and mass delusions. The leaders of the groups of gullible ones are often much smarter than their followers are, and they don't even believe the "snake oil" that they sell, but they pretend that they do, in order to build a cult like group that will believe their lies, no matter what they say. For example the leaders of the 2 so-called superpowers, which are both crumbling now. But those leaders both still have a massive cult, even though those people are going against their own best interests. It astounds the rest of us that anyone could be so dumb, but they insist so loudly that they are right, and they often bully and scare nomal people into silence, making it seem like they have more supporters on their side, which gives them far more power than what they deserve! The only way to curtail the abuse of the internet is to regulate it, but the R wing has control over the US's laws, so unless the rest of the world stands up together and cooperates to regulate it, there is no hope. Even if they/we did, it might not be enough. The Neanderthal thinkers of the US R wing seem to love the chaos and trauma that guns and the internet are causing. It must be good for business, and who cares about people?

[@themaximus144]

man, i'm really glad i found this channel. While I'm subscribed to many channels featuring actual scientists in the areas of physics, astronomy, and cosmology (other areas of interest of mine), this is the first channel I think I've ever found run by an actual historian. Keep up the great work I've really been enjoying your videos.

[@beanndip]

Esoterica, Creganford, Angela Puca, Religion is for Breakfast, Andrew Mark Henry, Let's Talk Religion, History with Cy. All of those are great history channels on youtube.

[@brentrussell780]

Whats an actual historian? Someone who reads from wiki like this clown?

[@cattymajiv]

@@beanndip Yes. There are so many more that I can't even remember them all, but a few are History Time, Chris Naunton, Stephan Milo, a different guy named Milo something that is known as Miniminuteman and has worked with Dr Miano, History With Kaleigh, Kings And Generals, the Fall Of Civilisations, SAMA or the Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages, The British Museum especially Irving Finkel, the University of Chicago and its Oriental Institute, which both have separate KZbin channels, and many other educational Institutes that publish videos of lectures. There are so many more that I can picture too, but I can't bring their names to mind at this moment. If a person likes long videos, Fall Of Civilizations is phenomenally great!

[@MossyMozart]

@themaximus144 - I really like Dr Miano's videos. He is excellent at sniffing out illogical and pseudoscientific claims. His short videos are very funny, too. ----------------- Another channel is "Premodernist". He has a _really_ fascinating video about what a time traveler should expect when going back to the Middle Ages. And explains why the wheel was not used in many places in the settled world, including Europe. I think you'll like him.

[@LukeChaos]

As a musician and sound engineer, it was quite painful hearing BAM talk about basic consequences of the laws of physics as if it was some amazing technology. In their frequency charts it appeared to say "margin of error 24Hz" which is a lot if they are measuring around 200Hz, really not precise at all. A quick addendum about echo: it is technically possible to hear delay times shorter than 100ms as a discreet echo, although it gets harder as the delays get shorter. However, in rooms of those dimensions you are right that there will be a multitude of reflections causing a smooth reverb rather than discreet echo, and again, that's just an inevitable, and common, but nice-sounding effect.

[@thomasnaas2813]

I knew a guy who lived in a geodesic dome house. You could whisper into the walls and someone standing next to the opposite wall could hear it perfectly while someone standing next to the whisperer could hear nothing.

[@Jinni_SD]

What's even sillier is the idea that there's no way they could have built the room to resonate in certain places when the Greeks were building theatres like Epidaurus specifically to resonate and project human voice, which, surprise, normally lives between the frequencies mentioned. AND the even if their measurements were kind of accurate the thing with the "multiples" of the frequency, THAT'S HOW HARMONIC SEQUENCES WORK. It's not that special.

[@kendexter]

Spot on

[@Prod-23]

If I'm not mistaken our ears can reliably detect differences of sound arriving at our ears within 4ms. That relates to the size of our head and our ability to discern the direction a sound came from.

[@LukeChaos]

@@Prod-23 You can hear that something changes even at 1ms if, for example, you slightly delay the sound in one ear in headphones. But that's not the same as hearing a discreet echo - as far as I recall the video was talking about the ability to discern the original sound and the echo as two distinct separate sounds.

[@chrisball3778]

I hadn't heard of these caves, but they're amazing. A vast 2000+ year-old empire covering most of India used skilled engineers, mathematicians, and craftsmen and drew on the knowledge of neighbouring civilisations in order to produce subterranean dwellings for mystics as part of its ruler's drive for religious tolerance and spiritual exploration. Every single part of that is absolutely awesome. Why would anyone feel the need to dress it up with Atlantean hogwash?

[@Hugh-Man0006]

Put bluntly? Racism. Brown people couldn't POSSIBLY be responsible for such precision work. *just letting everyone know this isnt MY belief, it is just a sad fact that opened the door for outrageous speculation.

[@atli7604]

"Drew on the knowledge of neighbouring civilisations" ?? Not sure what you meant by that because Civilisation in the Indian subcontinent had rich knowledge in architecture, with some castes specifically dedicated towards building things.

[@Hugh-Man0006]

@At Li i think hes referring to earlier cultures in the indus valley and fertile crescent

[@yashagrawal88]

​@@atli7604Indians had influence from Persians in architecture, as said in this video.

[@UPSC_poetry]

​@@yashagrawal88influence or exchanges

[@kenpumford754]

I've worked in the machining industry for 30+ years, and what strikes me is the degree of precision that is built into the Barabar caves seems unnecessary if the caves don't have a functional, engineered purpose. The later and superbly detailed Indian caves that Dr. Miano refers to are beautiful and highly detailed, but from the reading I've done on them, they have nowhere near the same fanatical attention to surface finish and dimensional consistency as Barabar caves do. In the machining industry, you get highly precise and smooth work if 1) it is specified by the customer, or 2) the process effortlessly produces it, or 3) a crotchety old machinist wants it to be as perfect as he can make it for personal pride. Since the Barabar caves were built by hand, 2) is out, and 3) is unlikely since there are multiple finished caves built over what must have been quite a number of years, leaving 1) as the most probable cause of the precision. Why have such tight construction specifications? I'm keeping an open mind about who built the caves and for what purpose. Some reasons for keeping an open mind at this point include: - Gobekli Tepe, which completely blew up the history I was taught in high school, almost doubling the time over which humans were making complicated stone structures (as far as we're aware). I also find it hard to believe that the ability to create what has been uncovered at Gobekli Tepe originated right when that site was built, pushing the timeline of organized human societies back even further. With millennia to effect progress, we're assuming that they didn't, and we and our immediate forebears did, which seems a bit arrogant. - Recent discoveries in Central and South America of entire civilizations we know nothing about. Let's stay humble about the limits of what we 'know' with certainty. - Very incomplete surveys of coastal areas flooded by sea level rise after the last ice age ended. Today most of the world's great cities are located by water, and India and southeast Asia are some of the most densely populated parts of the world today, so it stands to reason that hundreds of thousands or millions of people could have been living in areas that are now underwater in SE Asia, to say nothing of the Med basin and other areas. What might they have achieved and then lost when their world was submerged under 400' of water? - Visits I've made to Egypt, and more recently to Peru. The fit of the stones in the walls in Cusco and inside the pyramids is unbelievable, and while the Peru wall stones have beveled edges, and those in Egypt do not, the irregular shapes of the stones that nevertheless interlock perfectly in 3D are very similar. In fact, I started watching videos like BAM and World of Antiquity after returning from Peru, 20 years after visiting Egypt, struck by the similarities of construction despite the vast separation. Since then, these videos have drawn attention to details I can see in my own pictures, such as trapezoidal doorways and windows in Peru and Egypt, and now in the Barabar Caves. I don't know about you, but I've never seen a trapezoidal doorway anywhere in the modern world, so it was very strange to encounter it in 2 ancient sites on opposite sides of the world supposedly separated by thousands of years. Thinking we know even the broad strokes of what there is to know about the past seems premature, IMHO. - Seeing other 'scientific truths' that everyone knows are true turn out to be completely wrong. I'm going to ignore the public health 'truths' on covid, but there is another public health incorrect-knowledge-as-truth disaster that has convinced far more medical experts and far more members of the public of 'truths' that are completely untrue, with much greater negative impact than covid. The dietary pyramid generated in the US, and its variants around the world, has over many decades harmed billions of people, yet the vast majority of the global public still thinks that it contains truths about what we should eat for optimal health. There is so much we don't know, and so much of what we do know is wrong. Stay humble.

[@WorldofAntiquity]

*from the reading I've done on them, they have nowhere near the same fanatical attention to surface finish and dimensional consistency as Barabar caves do.* What have you read? Who has measured these caves to determine this?

[@saurabhkumar51]

Hi, I am from Bihar, I have heard about these caves only once, when my friend took a trip and showed me the video. Very happy to see that Bihar is getting popular on international front too

[@LudwigVaanArthans]

India is popular on the international front for a long time. Only problem is that inside of India, due to whatever reasons, India itself isn't properly showcased. Look at Japan and how it markets itself internally, and then look back at India and how it markets itself to foreigners vs how it does so toward its natives

[@saitamapreetsingh3057]

@@LudwigVaanArthans it is due to religious corruptions

[@jennyjames2673]

@@saitamapreetsingh3057 what kind of religious corruption?

[@Divyanshu558]

Archeology in india is not done yet!! Thier are more findings done by the department in recent years and is much much older than the history of all time! Also this guy is awesome, talks no nonsense!

[@TingTong2568]

@@saitamapreetsingh3057 it is because of long mismanagement of socialism and leftistism obsessed india

[@probablynotmyname8521]

Apparently it would have just been so difficult for them to wash off dust… if anyone thinks that working conditions are an impediment to actually working you should study the industrial revolution in england, the conditions then were far worse than anything that would have happened in this cave. For a modern example look into the sulfur collectors in indonesia at the kawah ijen volcano. We are so coddled by our modern conception of workplace safety we forget the horrendous conditions people used to regularly work in.

[@realistJB]

“if anyone thinks that working conditions are an impediment to actually working" I think it would be very educational for you to demolish a chimney breast, see how long you last without breathing equipment! Let alone breathing in granite dust in a confined space.

[@probablynotmyname8521]

@@realistJB what are you on about? Id suggest you research the english industrial revolution. The working conditions for most people were utterly appalling but they still worked, including children as chimney sweeps. Remember i didnt say that you would be healthy or that the conditions should be good for you. If you want a modern equivalent investigate how they collect sulfur from a volcano.

[@SacredGeometryDecoded]

I hired the exact same model of surface roughness tester. It’s fast and easy to get those results even with home made polishing paste. I will give the link if you’d like.

[@EEVENEEVEN-vb5qy]

I love your channel! Rock on!

[@edfu_text_U_later]

Nice plug in this video Alan.

[@jamesschuur2801]

The verbs 'to give' is not the same as 'to make.' This is a transfer of existing property. It doesn't say they made them.

[@winstonsmith7652]

The ancients were so clever they hid all evidence of their existence. Neat.

[@cattymajiv]

Indeed, they had to have been very high level geniuses to have never left a single trace anywhere!

[@afonsosilva3465]

Hi, I just wanted to address the sound issue, as a sound engineer I can tell you that the human ear can only distinguish an echo from reverberation if the time of the reflections is superior to 30 milliseconds, you can test this with regular speakers just by insert an delay effect on any sound. Another point I would like to make is that every closed space as frequencies that resonate more then others, it's called "stationary frequencies ", so there's nothing unique about it, specially with the carved material (granite) which is highly reflective for sound.

[@ralphyetmore]

This is my introduction to this site. I think this is an enjoyable way to be introduced to these discoveries of ancient places. Seeing the hype juxtaposed with genuine information gives an interesting insight to the real history of these places. Thanks.

[@StonedustandStardust]

As one who carves granite With Hand Tools, as well as pneumatic tools , I can see that the grooved sections were the exact right height they needed to be, and were obviously a previous step towards the finished, polished surface. I wish a group of stone masons and an investor with a lot of money to come together and show how granite was worked back then.

[@scapegoatiscariot2767]

That's an excellent idea and I think about it occasionally. I hope to see it done one day.

[@russellmillar7132]

@@rossnolan7283 If you tune in to the "Scientists against myths" channel they demonstrate that granite can be worked with flint, copper, and bronze tools, together with abrasive sand slurry. If you believe someone had power tools you must be able to point to evidence of the infrastructure that was used to generate this power. Is this one of the comments that was removed?

[@daniellumley671]

@@russellmillar7132 If you believe 1000+ tonne granite blocks/statues/columbs/obelisks were carved with copper tools and erected with pure manpower before the wheel was invented in their culture you must be able to point to evidence of the infrastructure used to create/move/erect such objects.

[@russellmillar7132]

@@daniellumley671 I certainly can.

[@russellmillar7132]

@@scapegoatiscariot2767 If you will check out "Scientists Against Myths" channel, you can see the demonstrations that contradict the claims believed by alternate history buffs. But it seems sometimes that people are not open minded enough to look at evidence that's right in front of their eyes, preferring to cling to a story that's only in their imagination.

[@miles-thesleeper-monroe8466]

4:18 if you really believe that these mind bogglingly complex advanced structures which would take us years to get close to replicating with modern technology and tools were hollowed out for a few dozen people to shelter from the weather i really worry about your analytical abilities

[@oddjam]

David I cannot express how valuable these videos are. In this one you a phenomenal job of approaching the claims with kindness and ruthlessness, as per usual. Which is a unique talent. Even though these claims perhaps do not deserve to be taken seriously, I think it's vital that someone does, and I'm grateful that this person is you. Anyway just commenting for the algorithm

[@henrysantiago5997]

Am I the only one that sees a problem with the crude inscription in the cave at the 6 minute mark?

[@Abhi-nk2tx]

Most historians think much of those inscriptions were added later Ofc there are different views on it like in everything else

[@jalmolky]

The maker of this video likens it to an artist signing their work in chicken scratch. Oh so that's why the ancients defaced their perfect finished granite with crude markings rather than put it in an out of the way corner in a non-contrasting colour like his examples show.

[@Imperiused]

Man, that final comment where the narrator suggests that the original artisans just "randomly" stumbled into making something so impressive is insulting. Put me on the first time machine back and I'll be bringing a bouquet, a box of chocolates, and a hundred thousand apologies. Edit: Congrats on the 100k Dr. Miano!

[@Ezekiel903]

this guy makes it really easy to explain, he left out the important things, like in Puma Punku, he only spoke about the dating, but never mentioned how they made it, since they had no steel tools or wheel, in Egypt they claim they build the Pyramid with copper chisel, would like to see it! The Barabar caves were very impressive, beside the skills, the logistic and planning is even more impressive! But back to this Megalithic construct, how did they lift or moved this several tons heavy block? In Egypt some block were over 100tons, even in the middle ages, find a ship that could carry this weight was not possible, a wooden ship would collapse! And how they lift it in place so precise, simply mind blowing, not to mention the workforce needed! You make it too easy! They were far more skilled and advanced as we believe. Another point is, why every culture, without having contact with each other, build this huge Megalithic complex? And with Göbekli Depe the timeframe shifted a lot back in time. So, I think we really have to rewrite a part of our history!

[@cattymajiv]

@@Ezekiel903 And you think the obvious answer is aliens? I know you didn't say that, but it seems like you are thinking that. BTW, it is possible for wooden boats to transport the blocks. They just need to be huge. I fear you are listening to the terrible frauds that are selling the alien idea to a bunch of gullible fools. I sure hope I'm wrong though!

[@redicej5843]

@Ignacio-hv5yl And the result is such a precision work? LOL

[@ganmerlad]

The bit about the stone in the caves being flat/not flat reminds me of college when I took a print-making class and we were told to prepare a lithograph stone. I couldn't manage it, but lots of printmakers do. It was done by hand with water, abrasive and another smaller circular stone with an off center handle so you spun the circular stone around over the abrasive which was on the lithograph stone. It looked really good to my eye, though when I put a straight edge against the surface, it clearly wasn't. But it can be done, and is still done today. Creating flatness (and polish) of stone is a skill those people in ancient India obviously had too. Anyway, I am always amazed at your patience with these people. It's impressive.

[@lorishumate]

Your comment brought back memories! I was a printmaking undergrad in the 1980s and continued a bit into grad school with lithography. I think my chronic back issues are a result of carry those litho stones. I was crap at getting them perfectly smooth and much preferred intaglio techniques.

[@ganmerlad]

@@lorishumate Lol, I said screw it to lithography when it was clear achieving flatness was impossible (and boring) and just stuck with etching too, which I liked. Heh, I never made a single lithograph. Fortunately, the teacher was fine with me saying "I really really don't want to do this" (I was a good student otherwise). It was the 80's for me too.

[@jalmolky]

How do you do it to perfection on an inside corner?

[@Itsjustme-Justme]

Thank you so much for explaining the difference between hardness and toughness. It is well known to everybody who learned a profession where he is working with stone or metal (or wood), but it is not widely known to a wider audience. The monolithic basalt architecture of Asia is just as amazing as the fact that these huge basalt rocks were unimaginably huge lava flows that heavily changed global climate. Compared to that, pyramids are for beginners (ok, they really are much older). Making highly decorated monolithic temples requires very detailed planning and precise measurement. That amount of detailled planning (you have to know where everything is going to be before you start removing the first bit of rock) and the extremely low error margin (when you removed too much rock, you can't replace it, for good looks you have to keep the number and more importantly the size of visible errors very low) are the real amazing elements of this architecture. The technology required still is rather basic. Certainly not more advanced that what is needed for medieval cathedrals. Only the way it is used is special. And of course it takes an insanely huge amount of working hours to create these structures. But hey, is there anybody who has more time than a monk? The sound engineering for pleasurable resonance frequencies is not easy but once you figured the dimensions and shapes you need, you can copy and even scale them again and again. There maybe is a very simple explanation on why the overal surface is polished and the inscriptions are not. The reflective shine of the polished surface makes a high contrast to the dull surface inside the inscriptions. That makes reading a lot less demanding to the eyes, compared to polished black letters on polished black ground.

[@massimosquecco8956]

You dis already said it, thanks to you as well!

[@JMM33RanMA]

There have been musical instruments for a long time, so the ideas of sound box and reverb, for example, could have been discovered by usage rather than scientific knowledge of sound, and long before it.

[@Itsjustme-Justme]

@@JMM33RanMA Yes, without a doubt it was discovered by usage and quite basic experimentation.

[@thomasnaas2813]

Yes, I used to carve gems and can tell you that many stones hardness also means they are brittle and break rather easily, compared to things like jadeite or nephrite which are only 6.5 on the moh hardness scale are much tougher and harder to polish. Even corundum, (ruby, sapphire), is easier to carve.

[@joearnold6881]

It’s hard for me not to attribute their claims to dishonesty. We have every day examples of the difference. Hell, my iPhone has been dropped many, many times, sometimes without any protector, without shattering. Simultaneously it’s got a horrid, deep annoying scratch right down the middle from a bit of sand that got in my pocket. They traded some hardness for toughness. I’ve since put multiple screen protectors on it. Never a single scratch, but sooner or later they’ve shattered when dropped. Toughness traded for hardness.

[@Gutterman-tn2ry]

I mean, measuring curved surfaces, or things in general, was traditionally done with strings and pins. That was the way ancient philosophers all over the world measured and created the field of geometry. If you have a string and a pin, you can use it to mark out a perfect circle with a radius of the length of the string. You can find the center of that circle again by drawing two chords (yes, this word comes from the same source as the chords on a guitar), that aren't parallel, mark lines perpendicular to them, and find the intersection. An eclipse is merely made by putting two pins in surface and tying a string to both ends with some slack, pull it tight, rotate it. You can actually do a lot of really clever things with strings and pins to recreate a lot of the mathematical concepts the greeks, persians, and indians developed.

[@skywindow6764]

you must have meant eLlipse, not eClipse

[@denniscannon769]

I like this method of clrifying your meaning before you have even expressed anything. While some might find this convoluted, I think this is actually quite cleaver, leaving people to wonder what they have missed before they 'walked into the pary'.

[@BobJones-cd9mt]

yes amazing how we can not replicate the precession they achieved with string and pins. Just like we can not replicate what they built with copper chisels and stone hammers... Face palms.

[@donatedflea]

whn i speak like this irl people just cut me off before i get the expression out @@denniscannon769

[@jalmolky]

Now try doing that inside a rock. Yes its easy to make a circle when you can access the whole area, put an axis point and rotate around it, but when you are doing it from the inside measuring as you go without going over. Not as easy a feat.

[@miles-thesleeper-monroe8466]

2:52 historians believe...yeah that's neither fact nor evidence now is it

[@davidleomorley889]

😍Congratulations on reaching 100,000 subscribers!! 😍 Your channel does important work and your videos are very engaging and professionally produced!! Thank you for what you do!!

[@WorldofAntiquity]

Thank you very much!

[@Playerone1287]

107k after 2 weeks progressing really fast

[@hughholt121]

Thank you for making people aware of these marvelous caves. Amazing workmanship with hand tools.

[@tolotolo2380]

You fucking must be kidding

[@bipolarminddroppings]

34:59 in what way is a laser scan equivalent to an MRI. MRI scanners are used to see inside things using the Electo-Magetnic resonance of the atoms inside to create a picture. 3d laser scanning maps the surface of something by bouncing a laser off it.

[@AncientArchitects]

Good video… Agree the Barabar Caves are a) wonderful, but b) far from impossible with the tools of the day. Congratulations again on 100k 👍

[@dazuk1969]

AA always gets a 👍👍 from me....loved the old footage of climbing the great pyramid.....peace to ya Matt.

[@kalrandom7387]

Well Matt being here adds a lot of weight to what you're saying, as I've been watching Matt since he started. Congratulations on your 100k. And hi Matt how you been dude.

[@Max_Griswald]

Oh, hey Matt! I remember watching your video on the Barabar Caves, which was my introduction to them! (I was familiar with the Elora Caves prior to that).

[@TheArvindUTube]

Mauryan was ready well into Iron age and iron mines to this day are not far off from there. They defeated Greeks on nw border.

[@Newstetter]

Correct me if I'm wrong, but regarding the measurement of resonant sound frequencies in these caves; it really doesn't matter if you use Hz or any other unit of measuring frequencies. By definition a sound frequency is the measure of rapid vibrations (too small and fast for the eye to see) which would require a mechanism for measuring very small units of time against a given number of vibrations within that unit of time. With Hz we are measuring vibrations per second. In fact the unit of time we call the 'second' doesn't exist in any practical sense until Huygens invented the pendulum clock in 1656 ... prior to that such a small division of time was only theoretical since there was no mechanism for accurately measuring it. During the period these caves were made there could not have been any consideration given to any precise 'frequency' of sound (Hz or otherwise) since there was no mechanism to measure sound frequencies at all. With a sonometer one simply compares sting length ratio based on already established pitches with known frequencies. The relationship between string tension and the length of the string and its pitch alone does not tell us its frequency. For that you first need a mechanism for comparing oscillations to a time measurer ... a clock. You need a clock that can measure seconds with mechanical accuracy. This was eventually done post-17th century by connecting a stylus to a tuning fork which inscribed the vibrations into a wax film which was moved along at a precise speed. The number of wave peaks within a length of the film could then be counted against the number of seconds it took for the film to travel from one point to another ... and you have your frequency. The fact is that every resonance carries with it a set of predictable overtones based primarily on simple 2:1 and 2:3 ratios. The overtone series is a natural consequence of any vibrating medium and can be observed without knowing anything about frequencies just by measuring the relative positions of harmonic nodes on a vibrating string. As a musician and music teacher I advise my students to be wary of anyone claiming that ancient peoples knew anything about the 'magical' properties of specific frequencies and deliberately made use of these frequencies. They could not have had any concept of what a sound "frequency" was in the way we understand it today, but would have certainly been fascinated with the magic and mystery of the phenomenon itself even without having any way of measuring it except by comparison and trial-and-error. They could never have applied a numerical measure to resonance.

[@changsangma1915]

Your arguments is mere assumptions to pitch that ancients did stuff out of pure stumble consequence rather with a set calculated vision of the work on the project of their constructions! As a music teacher either stop putting alternative ideas to students about history or try learning more than just frequencies.

[@Newstetter]

@@changsangma1915 ????? The entire premise of the myth regarding these caves is based on the notion of an ancient awareness of "frequencies" ... I'm only responding to the assumption of the purveyors of this myth regarding frequencies. I'm not sure exactly what you're arguing here. I have no doubt that the ancients had their own methods of fine tuning the resonant characteristics of these caves ... but it had nothing to do with "frequencies" of sound, which were impossible to measure in that era. I'm making no "assumptions" but rather aiding in debunking a common erroneous assumption, which Professor Miano has aptly contested.

[@Adam-gy3tw]

Dude it’s impossible to argue with these people in technical terms. They simply Cannot comprehend. People either understand engineering principles or you don’t. Archeologists aren’t the greatest at math/physics and other complicated logic based subjects. They’re story tellers at best. They’re 100% positive the inscriptions on the cave walls date the cave. 😂. I’m gonna scratch my name on the El Capitan in Yosemite so future archeologists know it was built in 2024.

[@jjbobowski]

Every sander knows, don’t skip your grits… you’ll end up with striations on your polished section.

[@AlbertaGeek]

There's an ointment for that.

[@funkoxen]

Girlfriend, those aren't striations, they are tiger stripes.

[@RealSuReal]

I’ve been here! I went back in 2009. It was an amazing experience. They were so remote and hidden away and not visited by any travelers at the time… in fact it had been shut down by the govt and not functioning as a tourist site and closed to public and not maintained. Wish ASI would take better care of it. Anyone know how it is now? Also back then the big myth was that King Ashoka himself had meditated in these caves. Who knows the truth buried in the sands of time

[@miles-thesleeper-monroe8466]

10:15 no they dont in any way refer to brutalism, i saw that documentary and you are injecting false narrative to knock down. Classic straw man.

[@OldDunollieman]

Another brilliant rebuttal, keep holding these people to account. Thanks again, keep up the good work.

[@AncientPuzzles]

The ancients were certainly smart and capable of achieving incredible results. Impressive caves even with imperfections, which is to be expected when done by hand. Great info as usual👍🏻

[@dazuk1969]

I have been waiting for someone to put all the Barabar caves nonsense to bed. As always World of Antiquity never lets us down. I have watched and supported this channel since there was only a few thousand subs. To see it now 100k and rising makes me really happy. I guess a lot of people do like their ancient history factual and correct. Here's to the next 100k...big shout to all at WOA.

[@Itz2Salty]

Home Depot has the answers to all ancient technology. When I was there I seen cave craving chisel, isle 10 right next to the 100 ton lift Jacks.

[@larrywest42]

I'll have to go: lately, I find myself craving a cave, and a chisel couldn't hurt.

[@TomoReso]

What is your profession WoA? How much experience do you have with tools and materials? You underestimate the work that has been done, severely. Now I dont claim it has not been done by hands and hammer and chisel , but no proof has been put it was done like that either. Hence all the talk about it. Working with metal and modern hand / powered tools can leave you with very unpredicted results, let alone working with a stone that likes to chip off easy. In a car industry when you repair body panels, cut, weld, hammer, paint, or polish them, small high or low spots can be easily overlooked without proper strong lights and careful inspection. I overlooked such spots many times and I care and push perfection in my own work. You severely underestimate the work here, and you are not to blame tho, not many people can fully grasp the feat that has been done here, in these caves, that looks really simple yet mind blowing. Why would you create such an accurate cave in the first place, with polished walls? Why not just accurate and no polish? Do you understand how much time was spent building it with such a slow inaccurate method like chisel and hammer? Screw up only once, chip it only once, and that dent there leaves you to grind down whole surface of that wall to the lowest spot which is the dent you created. Let alone to manage to get such straight surfaces with such a tool. Sorry to tell you, but it wont happen, you cant do it. No underestimating anyone here, grab the tools, and you do ONE surface, outside with plenty of light, out of a rough uncut / untouched rock, size at least 1x1 meters, just one surface flat as those in caves, polish it without power tools, and il agree it was done by hand and chisel. Fair enough? To make your deal even better, use any chisel or any hammer, and even you can use modern polishing paste. AT 19:00 you talk about different workers having different skills, hence such rough writings. Mate id fire you right on the spot if you can not follow the precision of the other work. If anything, it should be other way around. Rough cave, marvelous writings. Writings take way less time then digging a whole cave and a perfect one in that matter. I am really sad so many people can not grasp this. 37:01 "imperfections" ... Really? That actually made me laugh and ive lost all the respect for you right there. You fail to see how symmetrical everything is, and say imperfections? Mate at this point, no offense, but you are clueless. You could not do such symmetrical work out of butter on a much smaller scale.

[@dominikweiss3624]

I'am completely with you. There is a difference between skill and almost mechanic perfection.

[@patricegiroire5715]

I agree with you, this bloke wouldn't have a clue about holding tool, he is trying to look smart but only shows how ignorant he is. Plus, he contradicts himself along the way over and over again, getting confused between units of measures and proportion. That's what happens when you go to school and never work.

[@StevenHuangCA]

Thanks for the voice of reason. The peculiar precision of the symmetry (mirroring the point cloud shows ~70% of the points in the reflection are within a 2.5mm tolerance). Suggests that if they made an error on one side then they made the same error on purpose on the reflection. Strange. Not to mention the precise volume ratios.

[@FirstnameLastname-bn4gv]

@@StevenHuangCA No, it doesn’t suggest they made an error “on purpose.” It suggests they used the same template or measuring tool, which produces a similar margin of error every time.

[@jawjackerent.3148]

Love the channel Dr.Miano you always do great work, congratulations on 100K subs!

[@janhenckell4178]

Why would anyone put such superb craftsmanship into building these caves and then carve these ugly and messy inscriptions into them. Doesn't make sense. It's more like finding some Beerbottles in an old Castle and assuming that the brewery build the castle.

[@OldieBugger]

I love accuracy by itself. If I work on something and the result is as accurate as I can measure it makes me proud. I just can't think the people of olden times were all that different. They took pride in what they produced.

[@Markrspooner]

Congrats on getting to 100k subscribers, well deserved! 🎉❤

[@kevinkestler4375]

Great clear-headed look at the caves. Having watched the Bam video first, it was interesting to see how these types of "documetaries" are produced. They're very clever in a Hancockian or Van Dani way. Always asking those mysterious questions and doubting the abilities of craftsman and artists. Thanks for your insights and helpful scepticism!

[@larrywest42]

Or "crockumentaries"?

[@caseybarrow1450]

The doctor is a great historian and teacher. Thank you, sir.

[@andrewmole745]

Great presentation. I remember playing with the acoustics of some bathrooms and they exhibited the same kinds of resonances. The doubling of resonant frequencies happened in all of them. I really enjoyed my freestyle singing, lingering on the resonant frequencies… I hope my flatmates and neighbours did as well… Just a second… does that mean that I have lived in houses with bathrooms that were built by ancient civilisations? Wow… sends a shiver up your spine, doesn’t it?

[@-OICU812-]

Glad they finally let you release this video after holding it hostage. BAM!

[@tovarish11]

Good to hear a real historian perspective, but you need to have an engineers perspective. I don't think you have ever tried to excavate into granite without explosives. A free standing structure would be much easier than a cave with ancient tools.

[@cattymajiv]

I'm totally uneducated in this kind of work, especially in the methods used by the ancient people. In my mind, the comparative delicacy of the task would make a free standing project much harder. Or at least more labor intensive, which in the end is the same thing. Just like now, it all depended on money, or its equivalent. The creation and transport to the site of the base forms for pillars and statues, and then the intricate carvings on them and on the walls is very laborious. Then the transport of wooden beams for ceilings would be necessary too. Sometimes the stone and wood had to come from very distant places, like the Indian highlands, or Lebanon. All of that involved a huge number of people who all needed to be paid somehow. It seems to me that merely hollowing out a cave, even to very exact specifications, and then polishing it to a very high sheen, would be VERY costly, but possibly not AS costly as the free standing ones. I realize that the size and degree of intricacy of them both is probably the deciding factor. Maybe I shouldn't even comment, because as I said I really don't know for sure, and unlike a lot of people here I don't pretend to. I didn't for a minute mean you though. I see you as someone like me, who is just kind of thinking out loud, and that's ok. You may also have knowledge that I don't have, so I'm not saying you are necessarily wrong. It was an interesting point that you made, and it made me think. Thank you! 😉 ✌🏼

[@rosemcguinn5301]

Congrats on the 100k! Also, thank you for your clear and precise work. I really appreciate your attention to the details, as details really do matter!

[@TheAntiburglar]

I'd never heard of these caves before, so I'm glad to see a video by you with good information on them! :D

[@commodoor6549]

@55:13 "Or maybe we're looking at a science totally unknown to us." The building of the Barabar Caves did not require science, per se. It's engineering, which can proceed with trial and error, rather than a methodical investigatory process like science. While science and engineering are often bedfellows, one should not conflate the two. The fact that BAM doesn't grasp this basic difference does not bode well for their analysis.

[@MaximeMoreau-r7h]

As a French I'm quite sad that the translation is so bad.Many of the arguments are poorly translated. in French they are not talking about flatness but smoothness. They are even saying in some part of the movie (if I remember correctly or was it in an interview) that the rooms had no flat walls at all, but only rounded walls.the translation about the measurement are also wrong and I'm quite saddened that they did not work properly on the translation. Also as a 3D artist working with photogrammetry, reflections can causes noises on surfaces, and they talk about that in the movie. It seems like the videos has some parts missing from the movie. Anyways I love your videos and they are really interesting. And I apologise about my English, my comprehension is better than my writing.

[@enrichissez-vous9468]

18:15 Bad Argument. The signature is not painting. Cave engraving is stone work. A team capable of cutting and polishing these granite caves is also capable of making an engraving on the same granite. If we stay with the example of painting : imagine a painter who paints a superb portrait but who is unable to paint the hat on the model's head.

[@WorldofAntiquity]

The point is that, just like an artist’s signature, the engraving is claiming to be the person who had the cave made.,

[@enrichissez-vous9468]

@@WorldofAntiquity "is claiming" You have rightly put your finger on the problem. Putting your name on Notre-Dame Cathedral will not make you the builder.

[@jalmolky]

@@WorldofAntiquity If you found some amazing unclaimed thing wouldn't you then tell people it was yours?

[@WorldofAntiquity]

@@jalmolky No, I would tell them about the cool thing I found.

[@jalmolky]

@@WorldofAntiquity That is a very upstanding and righteous thing, but I can assure you not all are so.

[@MARGATEorcMAULER]

Been in construction my entire working life and I can ensure you that inaccuracies and imperfections of several centimeters at any stage will create many problems and costs.

[@Max_Griswald]

When you started comparing the Barabar Caves with the Elora Caves, that is when I subbed ;)

[@ytubeguruji863]

"Barabar" literally means nearly perfect in Persian and many Indo Persian languages..

[@rockinbobokkin7831]

Really happy to see rational content reaching 100k! Congratulations 🎉!

[@russelllyne5298]

Joe Rogan wants a archaeologist to go on his show and have a live debate with Greame Hankcock. Would you do it?

[@richardgribben7839]

It's been a year now...... answer the man!

[@cattymajiv]

No true historian or archeologist wants to waste their time on Rogan or Hancock. Why legitimize those utter frauds with a debate, when their premises are so obviously childish and fake?

[@exittomenu]

Heck yeah new Dr. Miano video, thank goodness I have paperwork I need to ignore

[@exittomenu]

Those 3d scans really lit up my creative drive, I think the fantasy project I’m working on just got a new location

[@rowgegaming5048]

I watched this special you reference and I don’t think they meant modern “style“ when referring to the older caves as appearing “modern“. I believe they meant it looked as if it were made with modern tools.

[@WorldofAntiquity]

Then they would have said that. But they didn't. They said the caves look modern.

[@SuperFree06]

Thanks for another excellent video. I am so glad you are here, and thanks for confirming that facts matter more than misunderstanding or speculation.

[@drigondii]

You can also reduce silica dust production by wetting the stone with water or oil. Water would be good for the rougher work, but finer work toward the final cuts would probably move toward oil. Working on an oiled surface would also lend toward the polishing process.

[@WorldofAntiquity]

Good to know!

[@davidhawkins7138]

Fun as usual. I've heard of the Deccan caves, but not the Barabar caves. Now I have another place to add to my bucket list. Thank you!

[@janscott602]

Good luck to any modern stone cutter who attempts to duplicate these caves.

[@dominikweiss3624]

I hope someone will at least give it a try.

[@tedberner1461]

It became apparent to me long ago that certain shows underestimate the potential for ancient craftsmen. These were trades passed down through generations. Graham Hancock, however, does make a valid point about antiquity vs the greatly lower sea level of the last ice age, and the resulting demise of oceanside sites. Some have been found, and their mere existence contrasts with what's been established by science, possibly.

[@RickL555]

Love your work, buddy. So good! I've seen BAM and it sucks that the film makers seemingly have a whole bunch of experts confirming and validating the claims made in the film. For those that are still developing a sense of skepticism these "documentaries" can be quite seductive. I always say if you genuinely are a skeptic and on a mission to seek out the truth, you'll watch the debunk vids. Thank you so much for doing this.

[@mjmoos2]

This BAM video is making the viral conspiracy rounds again. Thank you David for the time you spent on this response.

[@juliano9566]

Graham Hancock has a Netflix series. You have been summoned, my good sir.

[@russellmillar7132]

I've already seen a couple of reaction vids. They aren't that impressed. I started watching the series myself but during the opening and first case he examined he made it clear that he is up to his old tricks. I love how he denigrates the work of "mainstream" researchers in his introduction then starts his whole "investigation" by talking to an archaeologist who's been excavating at Gunang Padang on Java. Funny example to lead with being that no modern investigators consider the site to be even ancient.

[@juliano9566]

@@russellmillar7132 Oh, absolutely. I meant that doctor Miano could find a silver lining in the absurdity of a Netflix funded antiscientific archaeological Ayahuasca journey. As in informing people by dissecting the reasons Mr Hancock is not taken seriously by the academic community, all the while making this channel grow though goodwill usage of the algorithm. I have watched half of the first episode and the only thing that impressed me is Netflix's willingness to vomit money on quackery. But then again, guess that sells.

[@BlameItOnTheReign]

Amazing video, sir. Subscribed. Thank you, so much. We need more informers like you. Again, thank you for your work and dedication.

[@ssherrierable]

Now we’re talking about absolutely mind blowing amazing caves made by man thousands of years ago. The work they did secured their legacy as extremely hard working, smart, skilled and gifted people…

[@G_Robb]

I just discovered your channel and I absolutely love your videos! Thank you for sharing your knowledge.

[@papasitoman]

Thanks for all the effort! Your videos are always full of interesting information!

[@CChissel]

Love the channel and all the wonderful content uploaded on it. I’m confident it will reach 200k a lot faster than it took to get 100k!

[@murdocks4304]

Although I agree with the modern differences. The barrel ceiling cannot be done in the same method as one with fancy designs. To make an internal radius that accurate involves an entirely different way of sculpting!

[@dominikweiss3624]

Yes, but of course 95% of the comments ignore this.

[@cathyd74]

My favourite part was about the echo! Learnt something new about sound, thank you!

[@clydemooney3694]

I haven't seen BAM and have no reason to believe it, but the commentary here was loaded with glib sarcasm, often in place of actual science to refute what you say BAM was suggesting. Even if different workers had different skills, why would sub-quality work be put on the entrance, being surely the most important place? And fyi: 2-8 milimetres over distances around 10m is significantly more precise than you will find in virtually any modern construction, which is done using high-tech equipment; you can be easily more than 2mm out using a laser. The smugness got too much and I lasted until only 38 mins.

[@wallaroo1295]

@ 35:13 - 😆😆😆😆😆😆😆😆 You gotta love the "suuuper spooooky" Conspiracy Theorist Dub-Step Wuuhhhhhbbbbbbhhhhuuuhhhhhhh!!! sound effect!

[@hope1575]

So how were ancient caves and mines ventilated? I'd like to hear more info on that if anyone has a reference.

[@thatdude3977]

A hole

[@mjhobo5520]

@@thatdude3977 or two

[@gatitodura]

Chapeau! Another great video with lots of investigation and deep analysis.

[@jjbobowski]

Thank you Dr M. I love your clear and fact forward approach. I feel smarter after each of your shows.

[@lorishumate]

Well done! I love these videos in combination with the ones you're critiquing. Fascinating.

[@PathsUnwritten]

Curious why you point out specifically that the Nagarjuni Caves were along the trade routes. They are only a 5-10 minute walk from the Barabar Caves. Wouldn't they both be along this same route?

[@arturotorras9069]

I really appreciate your explanation about the difference about hardness and toughness , it was priceless.

[@bipolarminddroppings]

People 2000 years ago couldn't make these. Must have been people 8,000 years before that...

[@WorldofAntiquity]

😂

[@stevemarquis7704]

Haha - so funny Your joke has a fallacy - the time something like this was made / built is not the issue; the claimed means of creating it is. It could be aliens, beings from different dimensions, humans from the future, etc, etc - who cares and who knows. Know one is making any claims like that (that are half serious about the topic). What is being disputed is the level of technology mainstream historians /archeologists claim was used to create these out of place artifacts. The proof is in the pudding for all the speculating skeptics - including white collar professional historians- go f'ing do it. Create a similar chamber to the size, geometry, finish, and precision of one of these with the techniques claimed - then you can say something. Until then its just hot air . . . . IOW the mainstream hypothesis does not fit the evidence.

[@wrimbles]

@@stevemarquis7704 Your comment could have been written by someone else, it could've been plagiarized from someone else's theories, or it could be AI generated - who cares and who knows. The only thing we know for sure, you lack the knowledge and tools to be able to present this theory without advanced assistance. There is no evidence that you are the original author of this comment - and the ideas presented are clearly way above your mental capabilities - therefor, we MUST assume you are guilty of plagiarism and the onus is now on YOU to demonstrate that you didn't cheat or steal "your" ideas. Your entire hypothesis hinges on the idea that the people in the area who built this... did not have the capability to build this... because YOU THINK they lacked the skill or the tools. Not based on evidence that they were not capable. Not based on evidence that they lacked the knowledge. Not based on evidence they lacked tools capable of doing the work. Simply because you looked at it - or one of the people you watched a video of looked at it - and said "wow, that's very impressive, that seems very advanced"... and you then ASSUMED AS A CERTAINTY that such an impressive feat would be IMPOSSIBLE for the people who claimed to have built it. Likely because you were fed that narrative by the person whose video you watched. I often compare this to... if you had a new foreign exchange student in a math class. You give them an exam and they ace the test, but YOU have your suspicions. You think they lack the knowledge/tools to accurately complete these mathematical equations. Maybe they have a hidden calculator, maybe they somehow memorized the answers, maybe they have an earpiece in and another student is feeding them answers. Why do you suspect them of cheating? A hunch? Prejudice against foreigners? Who knows, you just do. And you're convinced. They MUST have cheated. So you accuse them of cheating, you immediately deem them guilty (with no supporting evidence) and start investigating HOW they cheated. You find no evidence supporting your hypothesis. So, you assume they covered it up, or assume a ghost or alien helped them, who also had the capability of leaving no evidence. I mean, that method of data gathering just doesn't make any damn sense, it has logic more aligned with a witch hunt and magic than science. But it sure is dressed up to look like science... This is not "out of place", it literally cannot be moved, it could not be more in place, it's embedded in a damn mountain. It is UNIQUE. It is IMPRESSIVE. It is a MASTERPIECE. And the people who built it deserve credit for their cultural accomplishments. Instead, some people on the internet make videos claiming, "The dumb ancient locals could NEVER make this because advanced technology precision blah blah, because they're too dumb and primitive. I mean... look at this (shows picture of what they made) and look at this (shows picture of the people who made it). There's no way these idiots made this. We KNOW they cheated, we just... haven't quite figured out how..." That's not how science works. If YOU don't believe someone can sand granite to a mirror finish using quartz-based sand and water... and YOU want to challenge our current archaeological understanding of the site, and of this technique, then YOU can go and test it yourself. Very easily. It takes lots of time and effort, and it gets easier with experience, but it's very doable. Archaeologists do not need to go out and do this experiment to prove THEIR theories, this is commonly accepted knowledge in the scientific community. YOU need to go out and do this experiment to demonstrate that the materials available to the builders were NOT capable of sanding the stone. Because that is YOUR claim, therefore that is YOUR claim to prove. If you really want to stick it to the "mainstream", then... get off your ass, do some actual science, gather some actual data and prove them wrong.

[@stevemarquis7704]

@@wrimbles Sure - this entire channel could be AI generated. The attempted humor here the channel author agrees with misses the point entirely - so, yes it is a fallacy. Not to engage the point an interlocutor is trying to make but criticizing something else is a fallacy in multiple ways.

[@wrimbles]

@@stevemarquis7704 The only reason the date is remotely in question... is because it is being proposed that the current date, and current understanding of the history of this site is INCORRECT. The PRESUMPTION that this date is incorrect... is based on the ASSUMPTION that it was not constructed by the local people, during the time period it has been dated to, using the tools historians allege they used. This is what you are disputing. You said it verbatim - "What is being disputed is the level of technology mainstream historians /archeologists claim was used to create these out of place artifacts." Therefore, you invoke an "other". Someone/something more advanced, with more advanced knowledge, or more advanced tools. An invocation that is based on ASSUMPTION, not on evidence. You have not tested these tools and methods. Yet, you still confidently make the claim that it was NOT possible, and you draw this conclusion not from evidence, not from experiments, not from data, but from... a hunch. "Common sense". "Don't you think?" "It looks like..." etc. I addressed this directly in my last comment with an analogy, which... either you didn't read, or you chose not to engage with. The "cheating foreign exchange student" analogy. It's the third paragraph. You can go back and read it if you want a refresher. It directly addresses what you claim you are disputing. This unsubstantiated claim of "level of technology = too low" is what leads directly to speculative re-dating of sites. Which is the joke you are referring to. That is a direct logic chain, from "our current understanding" to "not believing the current understanding" to "invoking higher powers to explain it" to "re-dating". A fallacy is a distraction, or a misrepresentation of an argument, or an attack. This is not a fallacy, there is no leap of logic, this argument has been made by others and Miano and others are critiquing it. It is following the logic presented by others, and explaining how unlikely it is and how it is not based in scientific data, and is not formulated using the scientific method. This is a comment on the confusing logic of claiming "ancient people" were "too incompetent to make this", and therefore it must have been built by people 6000 years MORE ancient than them... because, for some reason... more ancient means more advanced? Even though their entire argument hinges on the premise that "ancient = less advanced/less capable". The argument doesn't follow its own logic, which is why it's kinda funny and confusing. The point is not being missed. They simply disagree with the point, and believe that the point being made is an assumption and a bias that is not supported by evidence. It's an idea that is crafted through creative interpretation, not rooted in objective verifiable data. And when asked to gather data to substantiate their claims... by going out and getting quartz sand, and a cloth or piece of wood or something, and some water, and a piece of granite... and sand that granite themselves... you know, do an actual science experiment... to PROVE their claim that you cannot burnish granite with materials on hand at the site without advanced tools... they instead say "you do it, you go do the science FOR me, to prove MY hypothesis". It's completely backwards.

[@Wild_Animal_Cracker]

I believe one thing to be apparent about modern humans assessments of ancient structures is simply that we’ve relied on modern technology so much that we have lost touch with the craftsmanship, devotion and motivation of ancient people. Today’s man cannot imagine what it would’ve taken because they can’t see themselves putting the time and effort it would take in order to build such things. It’s really a shame that because of this we try to tear down history and the accomplishments of ancient people.

[@harrygazarian4567]

18:20 Pretty much the best answer to a lot of other people's theories on this issue, including about 90% of you-know-who's arguments ;) Love this channel!

[@corymoore2292]

Thank you for doing this extremely important work. I say this as a person who wanted to believe Graham Hancock because it all seems so fascinating. All that quickly crumbles once watching videos such as yours.

[@bobbyh.3911]

Okay, assemble some stone masons and have them reproduce these caves with the tools of that era... with the precision that is demonstrated in their construction. Then maybe I'll listen...

[@WorldofAntiquity]

No, you won’t.

[@alexg5189]

Wow, I saw this movie a while ago and was astounded by these caves. When they implied the walls were straight to a tolerance of 2/1000," I naturally came to the conclusion that you can't achieve that with hand tools. I was duped! Thanks for your informative analysis on these caves. I'm a stoneworker and have always been perplexed at how some of the amazing megalithic architecture was pulled off to such a high degree of accuracy, and I still can't figure some of it out, but I will certainly be wary of these exaggerated and misleading claims!

[@massimilianofoschini8504]

This video show definitivly how is simple yo make an inscrition after thousands of year and say "i'm Ashoka, i made all of it! "

[@Pbav8tor]

Well done, sir! I just watched the results of 2022 dig at Gobekli Tepe! I would much rather understand our shared human journey than pop down rabbit holes.

[@SuperChris1888]

Are you impressed by anything? My condolences to your friends and loved ones.

[@lameesahmad9166]

Thank you for this very interesting video. This reminds me of the arguments surrounding the construction of the black granite sarcophagi in Egypt for the burial of the mummified sacred bulls. Bombastic foreign investigators said that it could not be done with the stone and copper age implements used at that time. I wonder how the same people can explain the recent find of Assyrian clay tablets with trigonometry tables on them. In another documentary video I saw a modern Egyptian stone mason replicating a complicated carving on an ancient stone sarcophagus in granite using sand and other stones. If I remember correctly he used flint and obsidian to shape the frieze of an Egyptian goddess as well as other frieze decorations. His simple answer was if you are carving anything you have to use a harder and tougher material than the item you are carving. In the stone age you would use a harder stone and polish with fine sand. Archaeology is becoming more advanced as time goes on and the one conclusion that these specialists have come up with is ancient humans had the same deductive and intellectual reasoning as humans have today. Their abilities were only impeded in some circumstances by the material and tools available to them. But in many circumstances their abilities far exceeded our own and a lot of their own knowledge is lost. However, the continued discovery and translation of ancient texts has us in awe. I sometimes wish that the mythical Aliens would kidnap all the U.F.O. enthusiasts and take them to a special sanatorium where they could study these subjects cognitive function.

[@jalmolky]

Sure would be nice to have a link to that video of working the granite by hand with flint. You have a good point saying "Their abilities were only impeded in some circumstances by the material and tools available to them" which is exactly what people are asking. Where are the tools? But then you jump off the deep end and bring up aliens.

[@johnward43]

I agree with BAM. I’ve yet to see a reasonable explanation of how these caves were created.

[@dominikweiss3624]

Of course the "ancients" were so amazingly creative and intelligent that they managed to make these literally perfect caves just because they had a lot of freetime.

[@timhazeltine3256]

What would you consider "reasonable"? Perhaps any theory postulating people of the ancient world were too ignorant to be skilled masons, or that non-western cultures and ethnicities were too intellectually challenged to create anything of worth?

[@jalmolky]

@@timhazeltine3256 Reasonable would be any explanation other than hand tools. If they truly think hand tools was the way until someone recreates (even a small scaled version) by hand with the precision and polish on "perfect" 90 inside corners and curved surfaces I will be sceptic.

[@Lasenggo]

There's always a recurring theme about these kind of people and those alien guys in history channel. They always underestimate the capabilities of ancient people. They seem to be with this mindset of "I couldn't do it or it's too hard for me to do it, so how could they possibly do it in the past?"

[@bok2bok333]

I still feel it's a valid point about the quality of the inscriptions. If I asked someone to organize the building of my house...they would get people from different professions.the house was a mansion and built beautifully. If the painters did a lousy job I wouldn't be too impressed if the house itself was amazing. While it's logically possible for a crap painter to be employed....it doesn't really sell it to me. David makes a lot of good points though nonetheless.

[@WorldofAntiquity]

If you get order a trophy with an engraving on it, do you consider the engraving to have been done by the same person who made the trophy? I can imagine all the workers to have taken their tools and left by the time the king came to look at it. Then he ordered an engraver to put his name on it.

[@bok2bok333]

@@WorldofAntiquity yea...but isn't the point about quality.? A piece of works quality is summed up wholistically....to have one weak part in the process lessens the overall quality.. the king may want to punish the craftsman of the weak part and also the foreman who oversaw the whole project..

[@WorldofAntiquity]

@@bok2bok333 The inscriptions are usually above the front door on the outside.

[@russellmillar7132]

@@bok2bok333 What is the conclusion that you draw from this observation? Achieving a consistent level of quality is always a goal, but not always attainable, for a number of different reasons. The work of carving the entrance and roughing out the interior would have taken a few seasons to complete. Then the finer work with progressively smaller, finer tools would likely take more seasons. Those who specialize in polishing would have their time. This work would have almost all been done in the dry season being that the monsoons make travel and many other things hazardous. There are many scenarios that are logically possible. One is that the work was commissioned by someone who died before completion, and the inscriptions were added later, by someone who either wanted to preserve the memory of the real builder, or misidentify them for some reason. It's logically possible that he who commissioned the work sent his finest engraver to the site after it was completed and he was killed or injured en route and the work had to be done by his apprentice. Maybe they were both boiled in oil by the angry ruler. It's logically possible.

[@bok2bok333]

@@russellmillar7132 Conclusion is keep my mind open for possibilities.

[@DaZlehrerin1980]

Thank you for another insightful and really interesting video! I always look forward to new videos from this channel y

[@TheBertman100]

So what tools were actually used in making these wonderful caves. I must have missed that part in the 1 hour video🙂

[@dominikweiss3624]

Of course you don't need tools if you have plenty of time and patience.

[@tomasviane3844]

The train I used to sit in had a tag: 'Killroy was here', yet, he was never there...

[@sherry73]

I gotta say here, as someone who is definitely very much into ancient architecture, AND is a heavy construction Professional, I REALLY REALLY EXTREMELY APPRECIATE YOU AND YOUR POSTS!!! TYVM! it's bout time someone set the record straight. I do believe there were aliens, or gods, or higher beings of some sort that helped kickstart mankind, and honestly I feel like those who jump to fast to say "alien tech" or whatever are greatly retracting from the true mysteries.

[@massimosquecco8956]

Greetings Professor, I m here to congratulate you for your excellent criticism: good job, as you usually do. I m particularly enthusiastic about this specific video because I know almost nothing about Indian art and archaeology in general, even if I m very fascinated about it. Of course, I was aware of the caves thanks to those ancient mystery channels, but your work is functioning like an antivenom curing ignorance and incorrect information. I don't dismiss those channels because they let the public see sites and monuments otherwise neglected and difficult to reach even in public libraries. Your corrections motivate me to go to India and see those caves directly by myself. Again: thanks a lot!