Who REALLY invented the periodic table?

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More links and info in full description ↓↓↓
Our guest was Peter Wothers from the University of Cambridge: www.ch.cam.ac.uk/person/pdw12
Discussing the likes of Dmitri Mendeleev, William Odling, Alexandre-Emile Béguyer de Chancourtois, John Newlands, Julius Lothar Meyer, and Gustavus Hinrichs.
Check out Objectivity: bit.ly/Objectivity
A Very Early Periodic Table: • A Very Early Periodic ...
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From the School of Chemistry at The University of Nottingham: bit.ly/NottChem
With thanks to the Garfield Weston Foundation.
Periodic Videos films are by video journalist Brady Haran: www.bradyharan.com/
Brady's Blog: www.bradyharanblog.com
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[@MrMineHeads.]

Ah, lovely to see the professor again.

[@nosuchthing8]

Hes the best

[@ociemitchell]

"sometimes two people or more discover something, but one of them has a more profound influence" - in front of a portrait of Newton.

[@fabulator2779]

Lol

[@saetainlatin]

Leibniz seal of approval

[@terapode]

Yes but Newton was prolific in many other areas than calculus.

@@terapode Not as prolific as Leibniz.

[@lantonovbg]

Newtonium

[@polinalavrova5431]

The notes at 2:24 mean this: "Conclusions at the end of every chapter, pages 55, 94..." Sincerely, your Russian viewer :)

[@RichMitch]

You made a contribution to science!

[@gtbkts]

Polina Lavrova thanks

[@tjesse]

That's awesome! Now I want to see those pages.

[@rlewis1946]

Thank for your translation! Best wishes from Buffalo, NY USA RL

[@mushroomsamba82]

Здравствуй, Спасибо!

[@piotrarturklos]

The quality of what you publish on Periodic Videos is beyond anything I've ever seen on TV and it's some of the best on KZbin, with other channels being much more inconsistent and clickbaity.

[@nourel-deenayman3943]

Your mom

[@thomas-nk7kx]

@@nourel-deenayman3943 got em

[@austintillman8297]

Ikr, this is what the history channel should do

[@rivkahlevi6117]

Discover new elements with this one neat trick!

[@nick1342]

@@austintillman8297 50 years from now...."could the periodic table be created by aliens?!"

[@sammjust2233]

I love how excited the professor clearly is

[@marsgal42]

I remember one of Isaac Asimov's essays on this subject. Essentially the same theme: people had been trying to find a logical arrangement of the elements for some time. Mendeleev's arrangement worked better than others, and he published predictions of as-yet-undiscovered elements. Which were subsequently discovered. QED.

[@SSTC.]

Text of the note: "Выводы в конце каждой главы, стр:", which translates into: "Conclusions in the end of every chapter, page:"

[@leonsmuk4461]

Crazy, I really fell in love with the cylinder shaped Table, that one's amazing!

[@bradmartin7409]

It always amazes me that these men were able to construct such a detalied layout of the elements 150+ years ago.

[@pastuh]

Lets talk about pyramids

[@RavemastaJ]

When kings were handing out grant money to smart individuals, instead of people who make shrimp run on treadmills, science progressed in a more logical way.

[@Dune137]

I think the fact they had much fewer distractions also played a large role.

[@sfdanceron1]

Don't have a clue about chemistry, but love this channel.

[@Grumman_HellCat_F6F]

Started watching because of the prof, Thinking "this is too long!" And 25 minutes later Wishing there was more. Great job Brady. Thank you.

[@patricescattolin43]

The french table, at the top left, says "Première Esquisse" which litterally translates to "First Draft" so the observation that his work will change is spot on seeing that the copy presented in the video is considered by the author to be a first effort in the matter. Great video and a stunning world expert on the subject of periodic tables.

[@DodgeWatt]

You guys should do a video on how atomic weight and atomic numbers are measured and how they were discovered throughout history.

[@AleK0451]

the neutron on a periodic table must be one of the greatest shitposts in chemistry history

[@stewartzayat7526]

I mean, hydrogen is basically just a proton too

[@AleK0451]

technically it has an electron too but almost

[@AleK0451]

@@hemangikulkarni3543 why even tell me this

[@SlavicUnionGaming]

A neutron star 🤣

[@shearerslegs]

Thank you for continuing to find fascinating things to make videos about, I always enjoy them.

[@christiefru]

Thank you for the quality of your videos, always happy to see the professor!

[@tyttuut]

The periodic table was invented by (and named after) Sir Periodic Tableton in 1749.

[@jmcusack]

He was best friends with the Earl of Sandwich.

[@BillAnt]

Yep, the periodic table keeps getting reinvented by women every month, during their "period". xD jk

[@gublusmixture1989]

orom mone hobe!

[@tsaszymborska7389]

Has the Sandwich Club anything to do with the Tea Party?

[@artificialavocado9652]

I can’t believe all the people who never heard of the revolutionary table maker, Sir Tableton.

[@jonathanbeeson8614]

What a tremendous treasure trove of original scientific documents. Thanks for sharing them !

[@Locut0s]

You know one thing I love about this is that it shows some of the history of how papers were shared and published and archived way back in the 19th century. I’m actually impressed to see the English journal which picked up on Mendeleev’s paper even if it’s just a little blurb. Several months time actually seems impressive to me. We are so used to having the internet these days and resources like arxiv which scientists can publish to directly anywhere around the world. This was before those days, in a different language in a different country before his discovery became big. But it was still picked up and archived. It shows the dedication and passion for these fields back then.

[@periodicvideos]

Nice comment 👍🏻

[@AnonyDave]

Always seems that people assume some of the major discoveries come out of nowhere, but lets be honest as things rarely happen in a vacuum.

[@dustyprater7884]

Another amazing video!! Keep up the good work.

[@jagardina]

That was fantastic. Do you have a video on how they measured atomic weight originally?

[@sanabriaadrian]

They used a quantum scale (just add "quantic" in front of something and you don't need to explain it, just like in the movies)

[@alexpotts6520]

Two main techniques: 1) combine it with another element and measure how much the mass changes. This works okay but the problem is you don't know the chemical formula of the product, and if you get that wrong it messes up the other calculations. (He mentioned how they got the mass of silicon to be half of the true value, because they thought the oxide was SiO rather than SiO2.) 2) measure the density of the element in the gas phase. This is great because all gases have the same number of molecules for the same volume and pressure, regardless of what the gas is made of, so in the gas phase density corresponds perfectly to atomic weight. Problem here is that vaporizing many elements, including most metals, was well beyond the technologies of the mid-19th century.

[@vitakyo982]

@@alexpotts6520 Very interesting . Do we know if the molecule of hydrogen H2 ( or any other element ) is exactly twice the mass of the hydrogen atom alone H ? Or is it losing or gaining mass a way or another ?

[@ThePharphis]

H2 is exactly double the mass of H.

[@vitakyo982]

@@ThePharphis Thanks

[@supadupaman86]

I always wonder who are the people who thumbs down these videos. The guy is so genuine and supports everything he says with evidence of why he believes what he says is true or clarifies that even if he can't be sure about something he explains why in detail. I'm not sure if I'm missing something or are there really people that see things so much differently I can't even see things the way they see it?

[@BlackHoleForge]

I have been waiting on a new video from you guys for a little while. I'm very excited to see one

[@periodicvideos]

Hope you’ve clicked the 🔔 and have us on notifications. ;)

[@BevHamm]

This is such a rare and fascinating video! Thank you for making it Professor !

[@sakadabara]

My chemistry teacher Kolev, told me about all these people before Mendeleev, many years ago

[@VAArtemchuk]

@@ZahAleNik тебе там одиноко?

[@user-hi6pi6wu5j]

@@ZahAleNik а что он сказал?

[@donaldhoot7741]

The time was ripe for this discovery! People were hovering around the idea for years. Great video!

[@logiciananimal]

As someone who studied philosophy of science, I always found it interesting to think how Mendeleev seems to have been more realist in orientation, explicitly at least, than a lot of his contemporaries. I wonder if that affected the reception of his ideas. About prediction, though: I wonder about his *failed* ones; textbooks often cover only his successes.

[@iabervon]

If I were Peter Wothers, I'd set out those Chemical News issues once a year, so that I'd periodically have a table of periodicals concerning the periodic table.

[@alexpotts6520]

I used to be lectured by Pete Wothers. The man is a total legend, so happy to see him turn up here.

[@jlivewell]

What an excellent video and presentation!

[@matheusmantovani3864]

William Oddling x Mendeleev 11:45 Newlands 17:00 Alexandre Emile 19:11 Others Pioners 22:54

[@niklas6744]

Great to see Periodic Videos finally having sponsores

[@elsarm178]

Thanks for this wonderful video! Several time the same element can also be due to several isotopes.

[@victorprutyanov3954]

The point was not to organize similar elements in groups, what many did, but to formulate the Periodic law and use it to predict properties of the elements and their compounds. That is why Mendeleev stands out.

[@jasondoe2596]

Victor Prutyanov, exactly, well-said. I'm sure there are many "lists" of elements prior to this.

[@peanutbuttersquid6124]

Oh! You gotta love his periodic table tie! 💕

[@alandyer910]

Wonderful! Thank you for bringing this history to light.

[@periodicvideos]

You’re welcome.

[@kennybentley1161]

I'm trying to find a complete image of the foldout by Alexandre-Emile Béguyer de Chancourtois.. is there somwhere that I can find it? did brady take pictures of it?

[@Bourinos02]

I'm afraid it's almost impossible to find on the internet, The "vis tellurique" which was the name of the table, can be found, fully assembled at Ecole des Mines in France, I couldn't find any HD pictures of it though :(

[@electronicsNmore]

Great video as usual!

[@periodicvideos]

Thank you.

[@mickeyray4726]

OMG.....I'm so happy and relieved to see this very current Periodic Video! All of the other Periodic Videos are like 5 years or 6 years ago and I was so worried something happened to the Prof. He's awesome and a real hero of mine! Long live Prof!

[@sammyk1155]

You know you can subscribe and you get notified of every new video

[@zubmit700]

Very interesting. Thanks for the video.

[@Blackcountrysteam]

Very interesting and informative !!!

[@3dmaker699]

Fantastic work by the great Mendeleev. Great work as he worked out missing elements . The periodic table was a great European achievement.

[@colinstu]

Someone should turn that cylinder one into an actual cylinder, would be neat. (not that actual copy, but replicate the design).

[@vikingking71]

Excuse me?

[@gruntslayer3524]

I love this channel so much, can you guys do a video about how they test for methyl mercury in fish, I’ve always wanted to know about the process I can never find anything about how it’s actually done

[@periodicvideos]

The Prof often reads the comments - so who knows?

[@vyniljunkie100]

Gotta say thanks to the production team who make these videos I’m no scientist by far but the effort put in explaining the periodic table is brilliant if only school brought this kind of learning rather then the here’s the board copy it

[@jethrobo3581]

Absolutely superb video.

[@periodicvideos]

Thank you.

[@roberttelarket4934]

Jethro Bodine: brain surgeon, astroNUT, etc. and now chemist! The periodic table will never be the same! I wonder if the Professor knows about Jethro, Jed, granny... being a Brit.

[@tsaszymborska7389]

The hall in which this was recorded is beautiful! You don’t see those on universities very often anymore.

[@TrapperAaron]

I had an amazing high school chem. Teacher. Very intelligent guy teaching at a public art school. He constructed a cylindrical pt. Would not have taken on organic chem in college wo experiencing his classes.

[@Veptis]

Brady, can you make a video about the discovery and invention of the telephone for Objectivity? There are at least 4 people who got it and Bell just won the race to the patent office with a subpar solution.

[@peterfireflylund]

And maybe also how once the telephone was a thing and there was money to be made, competitors had to design their own microphones and loudspeakers because of Bell's patents. The loudspeakers in the analog phones of the middle of the 20th century were more or less Bell's original design but the carbon powder microphones were originally from a competitor (who also had an alternate, but inferior, design for loudspeakers).

[@veryimportantrus]

The page at 2:22 says "The conclusions for the ends of each chapter " and then they list the pages. I'm your Random Russian viewer😉

[@hernandezyexelkim4334]

love to see you again, professor

[@peterawesomeness1]

Wow, great stuff guys.

[@Sklang32]

I would be shaking like a leaf touching any of those books!

[@codrinn9999]

So is the professor

[@Tigerbeast]

Professor, i have a question. In the movies they show an acid which is highly susceptible to eating away at flesh at a rapid speed, however Hydrochloric acid has a very slow way of eating away at flesh, what other acid is incredibly toxic/lethal to flesh? Reason being is i'm doing a school project as to what acid is the most acidic towards flesh, both meat and solid such as metals, plants and other things.

[@SamSeama]

In Romania we call the periodic table as Mendeleev's Spreadsheet.

[@jimmydean8028]

What were the elements with the question marks behind them in the second edition on the alternate table?

[@southtexasprepper1837]

From a Literary and Scientific point of view, these books are priceless. I loved the "Plutonium" coat lapel pin that Professor Poliakoff was wearing on his suit.

[@bicivelo]

Love this video!!!

[@tomhubbard8510]

Is there a full scan of the table by Alexandre-Émile Béguyer de Chancourtois anywhere? I am in love with this thing!

[@jamesgentry9219]

Calhoun experience behind tantrum

[@MrSatyre1]

It's always amusing to watch nerds get giggly over the minutiae of their particular fields of expertise. I'm an AV nerd, and I'm sure I make non-AV nerds smirk.

[@GilbertTang]

It might be that the value of positive comments trends toward zero, but when the value of Sir Martyn trends toward hero we're at an obvious impasse.

[@edwardohall]

What do you think about Walter Russell's periodic chart based on octaves / vibration? better than current?

[@rishavkumarmund2674]

Professor really I'm a great fan of you.

[@atavy]

The Professor is such a sweet and brilliant man. I just hope to be 10% more like him.

[@nhsculptor]

As Peter Wothers stated repeatedly, Mendeelev's worth came from his predicitions. In 1875, Paul Emile Lecoq discovered Gallium. When he published his initial results, the density measure was the only property that didn't match Medneleev's predictions. At Mendeleev's suggestion, he re-measured the density, and got a better number -- one that matched the prediction almost exactly. This is why Mendeleev's is considered the father of the periodic table.

[@FYMAGNI]

love you Sir Proffessor polyakov😁. Keep healthy.

[@RockHudrock]

Awesome!

[@wiadroman]

If I got it right, a neutron is an isotope of element with atomic number 0?

[@Krasov92]

Mendeleev deserves all the credit he gets, he didn't just developed the table, his intention wasn't just to bring it to scientific society but to bring order to the elements to teach his students, he developed periodic table for his book, and that being one of the bases of his teaching contribute a lot to propagating the periodic table.

[@EastBurningRed]

"more senior chemists are notorious for not recognizing breakthroughs when they happen"

[@Kirillissimus]

...nothing has changed. :)

[@opsimathics]

this should have 9 million views

[@periodicvideos]

Maybe one day?

[@roberttelarket4934]

You're wrong! 900 million!!! Approximately 10% of world's population!

[@BobMotster]

Here's a suggestion for your next video subject - What is the chemistry behind the durian fruit?

[@bradywells1293]

So great to see Sir Martyn nerd-out over these historical periodic tables!

[@periodicvideos]

Indeed

[@AleksyGrabovski]

9:45, what are the chemical properties of the neutron? If it's even measurable

[@kamen2004]

Приятно наблюдать страсть с которой учёный рассказывает, и было интересно узнать позицию по поводу первенства

[@johnnysix7162]

I have no clue about chemistry at all. But it's interesting to listen to.

[@swampwiz]

RE: The idea that there are 8 element groups does not match with the notes of the major/minor scale - there are only 7 such notes, with the 8th note being an octave higher than the 1st. The "octave" here would really be a similarly mistakenly termed "nonave".

[@ph8429]

Hey, sorry! Random question: After watching the Chernobyl HBO series I was wondering about people with acute radiation poisoning. Can people who have been highly exposed then expose others(doctors, loved ones) to dangerous amounts of radiation from their body alone? I was you all here might really know the answer to this. Thanks!

[@omikronweapon]

in terms of "who was first?" it reminds me of parallels in earlier history. When comparisons are made between gunpowder being discovered in Asia, when Europe was still blabla (fill in some stage of development) Different civilizations started at different times and developed at different speeds. Of course, for discoveries at a time when the Earth was much 'smaller', because news spreads much faster and wider, this doesn't completely hold, but still, it really isn't SUCH a big accomplishment to be FIRST. discovering it in any time is a great achievement, (provided you're not copying it obviously) And, indeed, as both men in the video discuss, if you don't have the platform, you being first might not amount to much. It also reflects on the person's influence, popularity, and possibly ability/willingness to get their ideas out there.

[@adamjbond]

What I took away from this is to always provide Advanced Organizers when trying to inform/teach others (or yourself), when possible.

[@unmistified2251]

CAN'T WAIT FOR THE OPEN DAY TOMMOROW!!!!

[@moiquiregardevideo]

This video shows that many people wanted to find a classification of chemical elements. What is missing is examples of journal articles or books published in that time period. We would see that so many ask the question...

[@jadesmith6823]

I would love to know from the wonderful professor who was the biggest mentor in his journey??

[@kevinowenburress2435]

well how stable is neutronium? It works in stars, neutron stars can hang on to electrons, but as an element...

[@smashtech8528]

We need another video! Plz 😅

[@Luachair]

Newlands grandson was an academic chemist I seem to remember, he was a lecturer at the then UMIST

[@savelievvsergey]

There are a few copies in our university library))

[@sumdumbmick]

@9:02 you say he made an error, but the professor points out something I recognized instantly, which is that y = a neutron, and you could extend this further to have x = vacuum. so I'm not sure why you're so confident in your assessment that an error was indeed made.

[@HalfgildWynac]

It is not as much of an error as a prediction that did not work out. The structure of the atom was not to be discovered for another forty years. We know now that you cannot have fewer than one electron in an unionised atom. The scientists of the day could not have possibly known that. What they did was based on atomic weight, spectroscopy and the properties of elements. Mendeleev expected these elements to be some "stuff" lighter than hydrogen that you can put in a bottle and that has some chemical properties. This is what chemistry is about: interactions of atoms' outer electron shells. It turned out, a neutron is heavier than a hydrogen atom and does not have chemical properties. So these hypothesised elements do not exist in the sense the scientists back then thought they might exist.

[@williamcolon6961]

Could you do a video on the elephant's foot? Since there's the new HBO show

[@MuzikBike]

The left-step periodic table is obviously the best one

[@victorselve8349]

What is your favorite alternative version of the PSE?

[@mr51406]

Translation of De Chancourtois’s table: “TELLURIC SCREW. Natural classification of the simple bodies or radicals. Numerical and helicoidal system of classification.” Telluric screw sounds like geological porn. 🤪 Hank Green talks about the mockery Newland suffered for his idea of octaves and harmonics this CrashCourse Chemistry episode: kzbin.info/www/bejne/qJSump97bqiXl6M . His intuition was quite correct. Another very interesting video! Happy Periodic Year, Professor and Brady! ⭐️☮️❤️

[@MikeMaris]

It would be cool if someone made a physical version of that last periodic table. Like just a huge cylinder with all the lines and elements

[@MusicalRaichu]

Can you do a history video on how atomic masses were discovered?

[@eddavis91]

How did these people figure all of this out? I'm not nowhere near being a scientist and I wonder how they did this..

[@francoislacombe9071]

11:20 I think William Odling looks eerily like Robin Williams.

[@roberttelarket4934]

Very very very observant and you are absolutely right!!!

[@roberttelarket4934]

Very very very observant and you are absolutely right!!! Must be Robin's great great great grandfather Mr. Doubtfire lol!!!

[@willinwoods]

Absolutely. I paused the video to check if someone else had mentioned it...

[@adizmal]

25 mins THIS IS WHAT IM TALKIN BOUT BOIS

[@periodicvideos]

Go deep.

[@PriyabrataHalder]

What people and thought and figured out mostly without experiments, students now mostly still do not comprehend fully.

[@bazookallamaproductions5280]

why is osmium so dense when its atomic weight isnt very high?