What Can Ciliates Teach Us About Ciliates

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For James, our master of microscopes, the immense breadth has made ciliates a bit of an obsession. Whether he’s hunting down a rare species, or documenting the behavior of something more familiar, there’s always something spectacular in this group.
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Hosted by Hank Green:
Twitter: / hankgreen
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Music by Andrew Huang:
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Journey to the Microcosmos is a Complexly production.
Find out more at www.complexly.com
Stock video from:
www.gettyimages.com/detail/vi...
SOURCES:
www.nature.com/articles/srep2...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/lee...
linkinghub.elsevier.com/retri...
ciliajournal.biomedcentral.co...
www.britannica.com/science/ci...
www.microscopyu.com/gallery-i...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19147...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msx146
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/1...
ucmp.berkeley.edu/protista/ci...
pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.222...

[@3ArtDigital]

Please don't end this channel.

[@jennyanydots2389]

Hank Green just got caught tossin a box of half alive puppies into a taco bell dumpster yesterday morning... so, they will be looking for a new presenter at least.

[@natalieamberger2432]

Is this a joke? ​@@jennyanydots2389

[@Duendito]

@@jennyanydots2389WHAT? 😮 EDIT: I just looked it up and found nothing. Be careful what you claim.

[@crow-jane]

@@DuenditoIt doesn’t surprise me that Hank is influential enough to have people decide they don’t like him, but this is just daft. Edit: Nope. This is bad performance art, cooked up by a stoner with a heat-addled brain. The things we do for attention.

[@Duendito]

@@crow-jane agreed.

[@mmmm-hx5iw]

Ok but why am I so hairy?

[@Alex-js5lg]

Am sasquatch?

[@shank2733]

oh I know this one! ciliates are hairy. you are hairy. therefore you are a ciliate. hope this helps! /j

[@ActualHumanPerson]

Italian

[@alexwixom4599]

It's for homeostasis.

[@toothtaker1201]

Mammal

[@storyspren]

Conjugation when you're a language learner: 😓 Conjugation when you're a ciliate: 🥵

[@TheRogueWolf]

Why are ciliates so hairy? Well, let's see _you_ find a razor that small.

[@oldcowbb]

IBM: challenge accepted

[@michaelmayhem350]

They know it brightens your day that's why they're calling it quits.

[@RailfoxStudios]

As a barber I can confirm that we cannot shave them. Microscope gets in the way of the razor, y'know? We gotta see what we're doing, after all.

[@soilbydesign9303]

Ciliates are predominantly hairy so they can 'sweep' bacteria into their 'mouth' for consumption. These hairs pull in bacteria for food. As there is an N:C (nitrogen/carbon) ratio of 1:5 for bacteria and protozoa have a ratio of around 1:30, providing an N increase for plants if close by. However, an increase of ciliate usually involves an anaerobic condition or a calcium/magnesium ratio mismatch in soils which once again tends towards compacted soils.

[@wcdeich4]

Please don't stop making these videos 😭

[@sirensynapse5603]

I remember taking a practice SAT test and getting the word 'supercilious'. I had no clue, but one of the multiple choice answers was 'hairy' and I knew what cilia was, so I picked that one. Wrong. :)

[@williamchamberlain2263]

:)

[@Eloraurora]

Oh, no! 😅 That feels like being a kid who hadn't heard of medieval humoral theory trying to understand why sanguine means both cheerful and bloody.

[@mikevanderman2727]

😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂

[@edweinb]

The sheer complexity of every one of those little buggers is simply overwhelming!!!

[@eggsbox]

These videos have never failed to brighten up my day and teach me something cool. We'll miss you, JttM.

[@boylilikoi]

:-(( i wish this channel wouldn't shut down i'm so sad i'm happy it ever existed and will say up as an archive but man :-(((((

[@hydroids]

When you said "for James" at first I was like "aw, he named the microbe". Then you said "our master of microscopes" and I was like "oh, he means the microscopist". Unless James the Ciliate has advanced to the point of using a microscope to film himself.

[@AXKfUN9m]

James our Master of The Microcosmos, we are under an absolute monarchy governed by a microscopic Supreme Leader.

[@RailfoxStudios]

I'm gonna tell my kids King James was a master of microscopes

[@SlavTiger]

World's smallest selfie

[@user-gd2fc2kk3m]

my dad is a ciliate

[@-zimplogulon-]

guyss, please i NEED YOUR SOUNDTRACK I WOULD EVEN BUY IT ONLINE I LIKE IT SO MUCH WHERE IS IT RELEASED?????

[@BlackReaper0]

On the video's description there is a link to the microcosm store, go there then Shop then Misc and there will be the soundtrack to buy there.

[@hherpdderp]

It reconstructs the larger nucleus from instructions in the smaller? They evolved file compression😮

[@williek08472]

Definitely gonna miss these videos 😥

[@RailfoxStudios]

Can I get a new primordial soup? This one has hair in it :(

[@chillsahoy2640]

The microcosmos has such beauty, such mysteries waiting to be unveiled.

[@WyrdieBeardie]

This is probably one of my favorite episodes 😊

[@minasoliman]

They’re acting so cili-ate!

[@davesatxify]

lovely as always

[@mileidyclass]

I thought this channel was retiring? I still love the new content though.

[@eggsbox]

they have a backlog of videos they're publishing, and when those are all out, there won't be any more videos.

[@thomasrogers8239]

​@@eggsbox I'm not prepared for that at all...

[@Charity4Chokora]

It's still working towards the discovery of new organisms.

[@dreyhawk]

The Channel ends at the end of 2024. 😢

[@kellydalstok8900]

Congratulations! You got the pronunciation of Van Leeuwenhoek right after struggling with it for as long as this channel existed.

[@ExploreTheMicrocosmos]

Thank you for the semi regular vids as you guys transition off YT. Goodluck to you in your future endeavors!

[@zacharywong483]

Fantastic video and visuals, as always!

[@mikevanderman2727]

Thank you Squarespace

[@vincentgraffeo9030]

As always awesome images, fascinating narration.

[@shubhajitpaul5554]

Hey i have a question...are protists paraphyletic or polyphyletic?

[@Fomites]

Great music/soundscape Hank!

[@brendakrieger7000]

Endlessly fascinating🦠🔬💚

[@oneshotme]

I very much enjoyed your video and I gave it a Thumbs Up

[@willmendoza8498]

Love this channel

[@Omnifarious0]

I have another hypothesis that can sit alongside the hypothesis mentioned in the video. They can both be true. When the macronucleus is exposed to all the protein production machinery, it's easier for the DNA to be damaged. And so the micronucleus wass shut off because it was advantageous to have a set of DNA that wasn't part of vigorous protein production and so was more likely to be preserved without error.

[@bijoychandraroy]

I don't want this channel to end T^T

[@Res-5000]

I would have thought that conjugation occurs to encourage mutations so that natural selection can take place with more diversity thus leading to organisms that are better at surviving. The hypothesis given by actual scientists makes more sense tho :/, like, mutations may in the short term be bad for an organism, so it seems more likely that this would happen out of necessity than because in the long-term it encourages more evolution... Idk it's 5am i'm eepy

[@rubenkoker1911]

fun fact, stentors, Paramecium and forticella have actual dutch names too

[@BOOGY110011]

Beautiful video. Just jaw dropping in 4k.

[@agresticumbra]

Watched it from a 4k short throw projector last night. It’s some of the most beauteous footage I’ve seen in some time.

[@mikewiest5135]

General anesthetics that reversibly make us unconscious also work on single cells! They stop their wiggling! What do we have in common? Microtubules, baby!

[@Amantducafe]

This channel is the field i should have studied and i love it Comment for the Algo

[@mikevanderman2727]

Really nice video...

[@vitalie787]

How do I get a nice blue background like that?

[@MicroSaner]

You are mi inspiration! :D

[@SlavTiger]

I am going to miss this channel..

[@elenaperez2569]

Increíble mundo, muy interesante, gracias por su informacion😮😮😮😮😮😮

[@robyn6521]

I wish I could get a Journey to the Microcosmos microscope. When they were stocked previously, I missed them. Any chance at all that they will be released again?

[@CheshireTomcat68]

It's a real shame you can't keep this channel going somehow, can't you do a fund raiser, sure the funds are there, waiting?

[@pattheplanter]

They have done everything they can think of. If you think there are funds out there, why not find them?

[@joshmyer9]

"Why is there hair around my microbe?"

[@Eloraurora]

It looks like an alpenhorn with fringe around the bell.

[@DataSoong101]

9:26 It looks like it's following a path, are those bacteria on either side?

[@bekkaanneee]

good hair really makes you more attractive

[@Appletank8]

Is it just me or does the micro nucleus seem to act as a gamete?

[@Lexivor]

That seems basically accurate to me.

[@NewMessage]

ok, The Gillette ad was inspired.

[@Alondro77]

The macro-micronucleus question is one that may never have a clear answer. Ancient messy DNA replication COULD be the answer of how this class of organisms coped with gene mutation and loss in a polyploid system... but we can't forget that plants often have multiple copies of their genes, and some mosses have HUNDREDS of copies, and their cells replicate just fine. But, such organisms also have access to an unlimited amount of energy: THE SUN! They can use photosynthesis to produce enormous amounts of cellular energy which ancient ciliates didn't have. Thus, the metabolic cost of DNA replication, irrelevant to a plant cell, becomes HUGELY important to a ciliate that might only be feeding by scavanging. In that case, there's a GIANT advantage to the ciliate that evolved the ability to toss aside the huge nucleus with excess copies of genes and only replicate the much smaller one, as it will come out of its replication cycle with more energy to get moving quicker.

[@nabilahmed7476]

Time to get a hair cut 😊

[@estherriley4011]

What has two nuclei and is covered in hair? Your great uncle who had two families.

[@SousaFMP]

Evolutionarily speaking, genetic differences don't have a "point" (in the sense that they do not occur with a pre-planned goal or by choice/need). They just exist as long as the organisms with those genes are able to reproduce, because they are simply the result of random genetic mutations, that by chance resulted in organisms that didn't die and therefore were able to pass down those genes. Those random genetic mutations could be neutral (have no impact on survivability), negative (reduce the organism's survivability in a given context), lethal (the organism would not even be able to live) or positive (increase the organism's survivability). If they are negative, the sub-species with those genetics will diminish in number because not only do they die more easily, but also since they have a shorter life-span because of this, they reproduce less. The opposite occurs for "positive" mutations. Say a population of wolves lived in the snow and randomly some baby wolf was born with white furr. This would increase the survivability of the wolf and eventually its offspring, and over a loooong time, this would result in the eventual domination of white wolves over non-white wolves because they are now more adapted to their environment because of a random genetic mutation. That's the theory I learned anyway.

[@KartikPatel-nt4ff]

😅😅😅well information good show you 😅😅😅😅

[@williamchamberlain2263]

Organelles are way more complicated than I think of them

[@BarafuAlbino]

If I was a ciliate, I'd be hairy too.

[@wheelbite14]

You might be the first hairless ciliate.

[@hadleymantell6674]

drew phillips favorite youtuber.

[@bigsarge2085]

✌

[@floating_world1010]

Yippee

[@savannahagnitsch8064]

Is it just me or is todays music extra glormpy

[@cortexcarvalho9423]

So hairy pottery😂 When you look at all of nature, you see hair everywhere. From plants to microbes. Even hair that hardens and turns into thorns, horns. If you acquire a type of phobia and want to cut all the hair on your body I will understand

[@abdelkarimalailou49]

All praise goes to Him

[@Fomites]

Indeed. To Hank.

[@abdelkarimalailou49]

@@Fomites I don't know this dear Hank but I only prostrate myself before the Eternal and the perfection of His Conception

[@kellydalstok8900]

@@abdelkarimalailou49 prove it. Where’s the falsifiable, testable, and repeatable evidence? Oh, it’s just a holy book written by ignorants and your feelings. Not good enough, dear, not good enough at all.

[@malyshgopnik]

When it is written 100x it's actually a x10 objective right?

[@King.Mark.]

Nop its 100x

[@malyshgopnik]

@@King.Mark. so when it's written 620x i will never be able to watch this with normal microscope??

[@King.Mark.]

@@malyshgopnik you will see lots ,google it,you will need one with a light as well ,very cheap to start off

[@EmJay05-oq5bn]

@@King.Mark.Objective lens * eyepiece lens. So 100x could be a 10x lens with a 10x eyepiece.

[@King.Mark.]

@@EmJay05-oq5bn Google will help you look into it ,you don't have to buy new, old is just as good 👍

[@King.Mark.]

Cool 👁👃👁

[@Pestek997]

In my microscope it's not that beautiful like here is :

[@lmv2s]

Because they don't stand for patriarcal standards of beauty.

[@qnicks23434]

Hank sounds upset. Is everything alright?

[@michaelmayhem350]

He's mad his yacht got repossessed.

[@Mizai]

remember guys 1000 views = $5-15 youtubers make tons of money

[@MrKokodad]

This channel has such great protentional but the whispering narration is not it. Please revise.

[@KingsweetCORNLOOL]

First

[@michaelmayhem350]

First to cry for the attention mommy didn't give you because she doesn't love you but definitely not the first to spam a brainless response to the video.

[@ScottBFree]

This video was really cool, right up until he started injecting fantasy Land BS into it.

[@AXKfUN9m]

Lol, what fantasy? I'm sure everything here is well studied and documented unless stated otherwise, papers in description.

[@the_linguist_ll]

There’s no fantasy in this bud

[@kellydalstok8900]

If it’s fantasy you want, check out the muslim in the comments.