Why Do Cameras Do This? | Rolling Shutter Explained - Smarter Every Day 172

Behind the Scenes: • Simulating Rolling Shu...
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Behind the Scenes video of Henry and I discussing the Genius After Effects template he made
• Simulating Rolling Shu...
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Rolling Shutter Math:
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Destin

[@dimike15]

Really liking those integrated watermarks

[@ThatDonovanKid]

They're really nice. I didn't even notice the propellors until I read a comment about it. The guitar watermarks are a little distracting but it didn't bother me. I understand the necessity of it.

[@Lezenda]

definitely necessary thing, and made in smart way)

[@RustyDustyCrusty]

If it wasn't for the freebooters, he wouldn't have to do any of it. You have to imagine the pain he must feel when all of his awesome stuff gets freebooted.

[@imacomputer1]

Those high speed sections were prime gif and throw on reddit without crediting the original video moments.

[@Rififi50]

I was so confused why a seemingly random propeller had his trademark until he cut to the head-on where I realised it was photo-shopped onto it. Definitely great work.

[@veritasium]

Great work Destin! If this video doesn't blow up KZbin is seriously busted.

[@MinecraftTestSquad]

Veritasium Huh, usually these comments by popular channels are loaded with replies. Anyway, as for now it hasn't gone too far I think.

[@bhatkrishnakishor]

Veritasium its trending :)

[@pyromen321]

I wonder if their comment algorithm has changed too

[@WillJukebox]

So happy to see the scientific community supporting each other on this platform. Ya'll are leading the way to a smarter world, keep up the amazing work!

[@pastelab]

Veritasium might have to go somewhere else! Man, KZbin, love how you guys are helping each other out :)

[@JoseVieitez]

I love that he goes straight to the content, no super long intro! Breath of fresh air!!

[@johnsagebiel7261]

This is also the effect that's used for the "Photo Finish" photographs of bike races and other races. The rolling shutter essentially shows a time line across the finish line. Bike spokes get distorted in those images too. Awesome video. Thanks.

[@dvl973]

It's really smart to put watermarks on the most amazing parts of the video so it doesn't get stolen I don't think I've seen that yet but it's a great idea

[@MCCENTx2]

It won't stop it from being stolen, but Smarter Every Day will get credit when it is stolen.

[@DanHauer]

Mark Rober does it as well. You can see it in his video about filling a pool with Orbees.

[@mwbgaming28]

videos cannot be stolen as they are not tajen from the original owner (meaning he doesn't lose it) videos can be pirated but piracy is not the same as theft personally I don't mind the watermarks if they are placed cleverly like in this video however if they are placed obnoxiously like in the channel fullmag yeah that is just annoying since the watermarks cover up what im trying to see

[@mwbgaming28]

videos cannot be stolen as they are not tajen from the original owner (meaning he doesn't lose it) videos can be pirated but piracy is not the same as theft personally I don't mind the watermarks if they are placed cleverly like in this video however if they are placed obnoxiously like in the channel fullmag yeah that is just annoying since the watermarks cover up what im trying to see

[@kurtu5]

As easy as it is to put them there, its easy enough to take them away.

[@PM-vs3rh]

Smart water marking. People steal awesome videos like this too often.

[@1devonkomsangtong]

Unique Username Just saw it. It's smart *and* informative! That's cool

[@user-ht3tp3uj4v]

you guys have funny names. awesome names

[@UniverseGOD2525]

yeah

[@00Linares00]

yeah, it's already everywhere

[@temporarynamefor90days44]

Its sad

[@NatureXwars]

Go home camera, you’re drunk lol.

[@cloudztony4839]

Camera: iM nOt DrUnK, wOt YoU tAlKiNg AbOuT M8

[@esphyxia]

NatureXwars I’m glad people still say this

[@niedodwyaneanthonye.7727]

Galaxy on fire how i miss you

[@rafin.]

Galaxy on fire 2

[@jonathanpg2928]

a long time ago galaxy on fire 3 existed why is it no longer anymore im the play store is now for pc or something??

[@Psymanbee]

Oh my god.. thank you for this.. it's not often I have been genuinely educated on KZbin... I've just subbed... Keep 'em coming..

[@LukasDolezal]

You can count the frequency of the guitar strings using the rolling shutter! Given that you shot 30fps, it means each frame has span of 1/30s. At 4:08 you can count 7 waves on one of the strings. It means it vibrated 7 times in 1/30s -> 210 times in a second giving 210Hz which should correspond to note G#3 :) I am now interested if it would make sense to make use of it for tuning the sound.

[@kumowarihtrisno]

Wow. Thats amazing

[@HoratioAccel]

Definitely not practical, but very interesting.

[@GregoryFleury]

Yep... Physics is like lifting weight but for brain. Not practical but will make it stronger.

[@zwep]

Yeah exactly what I was thinking, can be a fun way to inspect e.g. the performance of a motor as well... in a weird cumbersome way

[@zwep]

Ah yes, I understand that. My train of thought was something like.. knowing that I can manually choose my shutter speed.. and let's assume that we can set it in such a way that we can diminish the result of the readout speed. In that situation we can calculate by the deformation of the image, and knowing the true image dimensions by design, how 'fast' something is going.

[@Nasalspray5965]

5:09 the word video is auto tuned

[@Majerkellous]

Nasal Spray brilliant!

[@JonathanLov]

Voice cracked.

[@someoneyouknow525]

0:03 Okay, I removed my phone's camera and popped the lens off like you said to... Now what? =/

[@omair.raza1]

Show off? IDK

[@Hyperandom]

Record it xd

[@mark-ish]

@Wasa Few wooosh mate. 😄

[@HUEHUEUHEPony]

lol

[@naeagle1285]

Wasa Few r/woosh

[@GreatMasterKenji]

There’s no simplest way of understanding rolling shutter than seeing it at works. Great job man!

[@vnkyvnkt]

I tried reading about rolling shutter few months back, did not really understand it completely. But, I understood it very well after watching this video. I am amazed by the level of hard work you put in to each video and every video has so much content and crispness to it. I appreciate your effort

[@Darkerfoxtech]

Venkatesh Rajendran TV and monitors do the same thing. it's refresh rate. It's how fast pixels can change. Line by line or every other line. If a camera and a screen have the same refresh rate them you have smooth recorded screens. If they do not then you can see the refresh rate. Often used in hertz or specific impulse.

[@3DMEMES]

If someone interested, AE effect what he was talking about is called *Time Displacement* 1. Make solid, add default Ramp effect, precompose with moving all attributes. 2. Add Time Displacement and set that precompose of ramp as map. 3. Change resolution of Displacement to height of your video (gonna render very long, but that's the best result, low this value if you wanna make faster render, 1/3 of height look pretty okay). 4. Waste a lot of time to render this on your potato.

[@ankithanu007]

Wow, great illustration and work. Thanks for clearing the concept behind this.

[@fudgemonkeyz69]

Hey, Vsauce! I A M D I S T O R T E D .

[@kshitishsorte2918]

Or am i ?

[@cosmnik472]

O R A M I

[@vitibuadromo234]

O R A M I ?

[@adenosinetp10]

O R A M I ?

[@Elias_Harrison]

*O* *R* *A* *M* *I* ?

[@Dieanswer]

the 31 dislikes are from people who tought they could steel the video, but saw the watermarks lol

[@jonathandhannah]

smart video editor. I bet that was tricky.

[@aneeshprasobhan]

steal*

[@Thrill98]

thought*

[@mario3082]

where is the watermarks ?

[@MurkyWaters677]

steal*

[@MrRacksoTek]

I subscribed just because you said "no big deal" my subconscious told me to subscribe because you look like a nice guy and make these videos for people to enjoy.

[@smartereveryday]

Thanks man I appreciate that.

[@larsmonsen88]

I instantly subscribed when i saw his face:P that is the eyes of an intelligent man. No homo.

[@davetutelman]

Absolutely outstanding video! I wrote an article eight years ago, so I wouldn't have to answer the question about photos of golf swings with ridiculously bent shafts. If your video were around back then, I would not have needed to write it. Thanks.

[@annaboo1946]

Omg, the amount of work for this video is mindblowing! Great job!

[@WitoldWitkowski]

Nice job trying to avoid Freebooting

[@carlopolous]

Destin! You did a great job with your ad for audible at the end. Usually I just skip the end ads but since you had such funny content I stayed and watched. Great job!

[@carlopolous]

Also the watermarks were not intrusive to the quality of the video, which I imagined was something you were worried about. Lastly great job on making this video interesting and not too long. You fit the content out, in other words the video seemed well paced.

[@JLCra87]

That's awesome man, I always had a basic understanding of why it did that. But you explained it excellently. Great job on this one!

[@usmantoroahmad330]

Thank you for your effort explaining this clearly.

[@Rosson91]

Great way to stay ahead of the freebooters with the watermarking!

[@Galakyllz]

I didn't even notice them while watching. They were just subtle enough, for me.

[@MichaelPhipps01]

Freebooters! I knew there was a reason. My mind has gone from "that's annoying" to "touché'"

[@TheScrapy]

It's quite sad that you have to put your logos everywhere because people keep stealing your content. Props to the amazing work behind those videos !

[@pashubhatt5695]

..beautiful effort guys. You've made such a complicated scientific topic into such an interesting tutorial. Loved it immensely. Thankyou..

[@RV-ky1dr]

Simply brilliant explanation. Thank you a lot.

[@alimansour1835]

I took a photo once for a spinning coin and that happened, i won number 1 in college photos gallery ☺️

[@Yzyenthusiast]

Ali Ahmed lol

[@ariqfauzan4982]

Ali Ahmed im trying to take the same image rite now! can you tell me how to do it?

[@alimansour1835]

Ariq Fauzan believe me, I've been trying to do that since 2014 😂

[@ariqfauzan4982]

Ali Ahmed i think im going to record and took one frame that looks twisted. could that work?

[@alimansour1835]

Ariq Fauzan idk, but i think a single shot is better because phone cameras now adays are shooting at a faster fps , try doing it with an older camera, i took mine with nokia 5800 express music

[@_IHateHandles_]

Can we just take a moment to congratulate whoever edited the writing onto the propeller blades? That must have taken such a long time to do considering it was most likely done on a frame by frame basis. They even got the sun glare spot on. Bravo. 👏👏👏

[@stef0262]

it was prob done with a tracking software

[@frankbmarra1899]

Andy Jones I think it was stickers on the prop.

[@_IHateHandles_]

Even a small imbalance on the rotors would spell disaster. Aerospace engineer talking here. =3

[@_IHateHandles_]

Even so, the accuracy involved is pretty impressive....

[@DanniMunro]

My first thought when seeing that, BRAVO to these BADASS EDITORS!

[@johncage5368]

Brilliant simulation! Best rolling shutter explanation video I've ever seen.

[@Daniel_Wolf]

Really impressive. Great video and explanation. Congrats. Grettings from Argentina

[@Korunde5]

The only youtuber that I have to watch every video from

[@thercmaniac7752]

Korunde same😂

[@RustyDustyCrusty]

You don't have to, you WANT to.

[@strayedaway19]

Try Kurzgesagt - in a Nutshell Channel. You will love it.

[@Campusanis]

I literally thought he owned that plane until I realized they were watermarks.

[@lucaslin416]

lol dang... i didnt even realize that at first

[@tarrakis]

And here I was, wondering why was Destin flying in a plane with customized propellers 😂😂😂😂

[@electromagneticscience1555]

I thought they just made a temporary cover or sticker for the sake of the video. x3 I was fooled too I guess.

[@Zeltau]

That was cool

[@BlipTripOfficial]

Mighty bearingball of

[@marcfuchs6938]

Wonderful visualization of rolling shutter. True educational material.

[@rodrigoferreira1175]

Amazing, thanks for the awesome work!

[@865MusicByHavoc]

Destin, could you explain why you can actually view "The wagon wheel" or "pinwheel" (The phenomenon that makes a spinning object look like it's slowing down and then it seems to change direction) happening with your bare eyes? Thanks!

[@hackerofawesomeness]

If you got the speed of when the wagon wheel effect started to happen and you got the fps of a camera where the same effect happened at the same time, you could get the fps of your eye (I think). Correct me if I'm wrong.

[@Majerkellous]

Byte11 I'm fairly certain it happens then the spinning of whatever matches the frequency of the light you're under. So if you're in a house using a fluoro you'll see it according to the frequency of the light (which is also why broken fluoros cause headaches [their frequency is often slower] as opposed to under sun-light. I've actually heard of workers loosing fingers in the 1900s because a circular saw would spin at the same frequency of the factory lights, leading to the illusion that it wasn't on (obviously too much noise in the factory to tell its on using your ears).

[@Majerkellous]

Byte11 that's a long explanation to say that I don't think (I could be wrong) your eye has an fps :)

[@t4iga121]

Steve Young I am not sure what phenomenon is called the wagon wheel effect but what you described is exactly what happens with my LED lights that run at 50Hz (European grid) pointed at my PC case exhaust fan. it looks like it is turning slower with the LEAD lights on.

[@865MusicByHavoc]

I probably could've explained it a little better, but the phenomenon that makes a spinning object look like it's slowing down and then it seems to change directions. Going to add this to my main post as well.

[@jakubpollak2067]

Yeah, you earned my sub

[@smartereveryday]

Thanks man.

[@CommanderSteps]

This is really good explained. Thanks.

[@willburrito9710]

Probably the most informative vid I’ve seen on KZbin. Thanks!

[@bradymcbride284]

Here is something cool and (somewhat) similar you can do easily at home: Take a fidget spinner and view it being spun under different light sources such as LED, incandescent, fluorescent and natural light. These all have different frequencies the light is flickering at (short of natural light) which causes different visible patterns among the rotating fidget spinner. Since vision is only light reflecting off of an object and being interpreted by our eyes, changing the light source, or differing frequencies, will create a different pattern on the fidget spinner (or other similarly moving objects).

[@davecrupel2817]

Ive been familiar with that trick of light for decades. Didnt think anyone else was interested in it though. :)

[@proefslak]

I came from Matt Parker's Standupmaths channel. Great to see both approaches to the same concept!

[@messengerministries]

What a remarkable and engaging video - brilliant explanation of what is occurring. Thank you.

[@itsnotyasir]

Another beautiful thing to notice on the guitar with the rolling shutter effect is the frequency of vibration of the strings. Absolutely beautiful.

[@mralabbad7]

6:20 THE NOODLE MAN IS COMING FOR US ALL!! THEY SAID THIS DAY WOULD COME!!

[@mattb55]

Destin, I was watching a couple of your older space videos and I would like to inform you that my grandpa work on the landing module for Apollo 11. He helped design the legs of the module so when it hit the moon it didn't bounce up into the air, I just wanted to tell you, thanks for reading

[@stinkythepenguin]

it's funny that you said "bounce up into the air"

[@jacktoddy9783]

Thank you for making this excellent video - an very good explanation of how rolling shutter affects video, hence, and ways to cure it.

[@Fengtos]

a truly amazing video. I always wondered how those shapes were created and now I also know why some straight objects look slanted. amesome!

[@LofiEterna]

Let's all take a moment to appreciate Henry. Thank you Henry, you're the real MVP here.

[@galacticcannibl1966]

"Your brain's gonna get it, instantly!" Me: "Yes. I have a headache now."

[@pu5azd170]

Your videos are made with great quality ! Thankyou !

[@jebbroham1776]

Props are by far the most enjoyable to picture and film. I've been working on military aircraft and general AC since I was old enough to, and the video and picture results are always highly enjoyable to go back and look at.

[@D.Ronoa69]

Good idea on Water marking your high speed footage!

[@justindescant6079]

CaCawQrow what are watermarks?

[@JacobMastel]

The easiest ones to spot are on the close up footage of the screen. Notice that there's "Smarter Every Day" written in a mostly transparent font? That's watermarking. It protects images/video from being stolen.

[@D.Ronoa69]

Name of the channel placed on the video.

[@obi1chris736]

Love the background music!

[@sm3ttz]

Amazing! Thanks for explaining the real physics (optics) behind this. You made me smarter this day too.

[@alexanderliu723]

exactly what I was looking for! nice animations, that is truly one of a kind.

[@johnr6168]

This is an extremely well presented video. This is what happens when knowledge, imagination, effort and good equipment come together.

[@Indydi]

Don't forget character.

[@victordeng8009]

it's really awesome, especially the simulation. it is convincing.

[@entomberexarch3475]

Nice video! I had been wondering about this effect for a little while. Glad it was explained very well and my brain just got it.

[@bahmanjahanshahi5825]

Very useful and interesting. Thank you

[@NickAnnies]

I love your videos Destin, but this has to be one of the coolest...I know all about shutter speed and persistence of vision but this just brings it on...awesome!

[@hazarddavid6987]

You earned my subscription bro...spot on...👌

[@Rob.P]

Wow I needed to know this. Great video, simple to understand and a lot of effort in the making of this video. Appreciated thanks 🙂👍

[@KirtiraJ00747]

Great work! I liked the way you placed your channel's name on the propellers of the planes. nice work

[@alexjoseph2814]

Wait a second, how does he have his channel name on all these propellers?

[@TheDragonfly256]

After effects.

[@seanholly8966]

alex joseph it's his watermark so no one can steal the footage

[@jiaming5269]

TheDragonfly256 Please dont misinform, Destin obviously purchased them

[@gtsiam]

You'd be surprised what 3d software can do. He just tracked the propeller rotating in a program (like Blender), and then added the text. Not saying that it is simple, just easier than ever before...

[@Fridgemasters]

Editing?

[@Helios5778]

I Highly recommend you go and watch The Slow Mo Guys video "Inside a Camera at 10,000fps" after you've watched this video

[@sahilpatel3993]

I don't know what to say but I watched that video a while and now i think this video was 2nd part of it with some practical examples.

[@luizduque2172]

Great project and video, also great execution in all aspects, big thumbs up, man! Loved the way you cold match both videos and parameterized the moving, found cool that you guys did the behind the scenes to solve that puzzle!!

[@belewyifru3624]

This is so cool. Thank you for the hard work!

[@abhinavraj932]

I wish I could like the video more than once! You are awesome!!!

[@ikli7710]

6:06, he was way ahead of his time. “Tiktok”

[@fieldmarshal7298]

What about kesha?

[@ikli7710]

Orange Juice noo it’s about the tiktok filter

[@thatcanadian3240]

@@tewam67 I don’t know if this is a joke or not so I’ll just leave you to your business

[@svijayiitk]

I completely understood this! Thank you!

[@alexandretimar2562]

so clear now !!! thanks so much for these awsome videos !!!!

[@Sneder]

This video would've earned my subscription if i hadnt before;p

[@drops2cents260]

So if a rolling shutter creates a comical effect, i guess it's a rofling shutter then? I'll get my coat.

[@7ate9100times]

I love jokes like this

[@silverdrillpickle7596]

Drops2cents Dad humor

[@tooandflow]

You left the building with classes.

[@mikimomo97]

Maybe not a rofling shutter But it definitely had me rolling.

[@pierpeeair910]

The doors over there

[@killerman0073]

awesome editing with the examples. great job :)

[@Standoffsystems]

Like your enthusiasm. Thanks for this!

[@PKCubed]

2:30 The minute I saw this, I understood everything.

[@Sonicgott]

The vibration on the guitar strings from the rolling shutter effect is very similar to the waveforms produced by sound waves.

[@marineimaging]

Thank you so much. Having worked with video transitioning from analog to digital I understood the effect but had a hard time conveying it to my grandchildren. Next time they ask i am going to point them to your video. Excellent. Thanks again.

[@PaoloManzini24]

Very informative! Great job!

[@DeRico1337]

“Let’s go goof around with rolling shutter and some chickens” The ducks:

[@ImSpun13]

+SmarterEveryDay Destin, the section of this video where you were showing the rolling shutter effect of the guitar strings, were we actually seeing the "notes" in sound wave form of those strings as they were vibrating? Can you show that same footage side by side with an Oscilloscope so we can compare it to "video" of sound waves? (I hope this makes sense 🤔)

[@johnuferbach9166]

Pub x Stompa you can see the vibration of the string, the sound waves are obviously invisible^^ i guess the string is passing the vibration on to the air...but on the other hand low noises have a wavelength of up to like 20m, so that can't work like that^^

[@rydaddy2867]

I was thinking the same thing. I wonder if the abnormality of the waveform from a pure sin wave correlates to the "cleanliness" of the musical note.

[@HappySlappyFace]

Pub x Stompa no I thought that at first thats just the wire going back and forth faster than what the cmos can capture

[@noliver7913]

it's a neat thought (had it too :) but no, it's an artifact of sampling, check out "Nyquist rate" for more

[@wheffle1331]

I'm pretty sure it's just an artifact of the shutter frequency combined with the strings' vibration frequencies. There's math behind it, but the picture doesn't represent anything meaningful other than looking funky I don't think. As a side note, a perfect sine wave sounds like a ringing noise. You can get apps that will produce it for you. Different instruments sound different because the noises they produce are actually a combination of frequencies overlaid together. Different materials resonate in different ways producing distinct combinations. I took a signals class and only scratched the surface, it's really fascinating stuff.

[@Adityasm27]

Nice explanation & so satisfying 😌

[@Beatprisoner]

Great work! Educating and entertaining.

[@noahwhiteman313]

Why is it that when you look at an accelerating wheel (like a car's after a light turns green) it starts looking like it is going forward, but then starts looking like it's going backward? I imagine there's no rolling shutter on the human eye, so why does that happen? If anyone knows I'd love to share in your knowledge

[@InMyZen]

always wondered about this

[@ImTheKwaaD]

i have no clue how we see it like we do. but im pretty sure its caused by accelerating and when your at your steady speed it will start going backwards. i imagine this would happen whenever ever your accelerate and decelerate during your journey. just a mechanics view of watching wheels spin while balancing and servicing cars.

[@manishsinghbisht3010]

Noah Whiteman I think Michael Stevens on Vsauce mentioned and explain this in one of his videos...can't remember the name neither the explanation...stupid me!

[@ketsuekikumori9145]

If I had to guess, it is the lag time in our own nerves. We like to think that what we perceive with our senses is instant, but that isn't remotely true. There's also the fact that we constantly take a bunch of still images like an actual camera subconsciously. We blink and our brain "turns off" our sight even when we move it a fraction of a degree. Lastly, we know that the brain loves to take shortcuts, evidenced by visual illusions. So in a way we do have an fps cap on our sight. But I'm not an expert, so take it with a grain of salt.

[@OhSoUnicornly]

This shouldn't happen when you LOOK at a wheel, but rather when you RECORD a wheel - if you're talking about seeing this on TV, then yes, this does happen. This is what he mentioned at the very end of the video; the 'wagon wheel effect'. Just Google that. Remember, you don't have to rely on Destin to make you smarter every day. Google is just a click away, and you'll learn way more through doing and researching things yourself. You'll be able to find loads more resources just like Destin's videos.

[@AbdullahShaikh-yc4xc]

Finally found someone on youtube talking sensible, with practical example. 🙌

[@TheKatsPajamas]

This was fantastic! Thank you!

[@JuSt_A.K.]

This is great videos!! Thanks for uploading this!

[@mervcarswell3326]

Really nice to see someone using rolling shutter for creative purposes instead of just moaning about it.....really enjoyed your video!!!

[@SIMKINETICS]

4:53 Notice variations from sin wave forms; subharmonics & interplay from other strings transmitted through the bridge may explain this. Two possible uses of this rolling shutter are better design of string instruments, and better tuning. Sometimes the best tools are those for which they're not intended! Creative people should pay attention to the value of trying out the weird approaches! That's how one gets SmarterEveryDay!

[@tyleroutdoors2407]

SIMKINETICS you'd have to be able to very precisely tune the shutter speed, but it's a cool idea!

[@JamesAw]

IKR This footage also helped me to explain wave properties to my friends. Like how you can see the amplitude and timbre. Heck this could be set up a quiz question if my physics teacher wants to torture us

[@danielwalker5682]

Your explanations and general level of "interesting" are second to none. From grain bins to this : loved all your films that I've watched.

[@ravi87910]

that's why this is one of the best contents in youtube.. omg man. youtube sould treat channels like your different. like monetizing you more or offering more support i don't know. just imagine the awesome things you would do with even more resources to to on those crazy ideas

[@hippohippo9344]

Glad this was in my recommended, very interesting video.

[@CatskillOne]

Hippo Hippo Subscribe and check his other videos, they are all amazing.

[@rogchog5528]

This is the greatest video I have seen, thank you

[@jebolandutawacana]

Who is that in your profile picture ?

[@pawcherry8807]

Amazing video! Its much easier when its visualized

[@mattsYT42]

thanks for this amazing video. love your channel.

[@GuitarSamurai17]

this is beautiful, love it destin! one of my favorite teachers, keep getting smarter everyday!

[@sebbes333]

*@SmarterEveryDay* 4:45 Hay! *That is Space-Time!* (right half of the video) Sideways represent space (1D?) Down-ways represents a progression of time. And WE are a multidimensional creature that can see the whole "history" at the same time. (after the green line has "frozen" the time.) And the green line itself is The *Now* "time-point".

[@medaaurora4105]

_Perfect video! Much entertainment and lessons! Thanks for these!_

[@TorjiMan]

This video is so beautifully done