Why does freezing damage concrete? | Freeze thaw durability mechanisms

When concrete freezes then it can become damaged. This video explains how the mechanisms of freeze thaw damage within concrete. The video talks about the different pores within concrete, how they fill at different moisture contents, and how the water in those pores respond to freezing. Data is provided that shows the internal crack patterns inside of concrete before and after freezing and also how different bubble spacing impacts the freeze thaw performance.
Data from this paper is highlighted:
Sokhansefat, G., Moradian, M., Finnell, M., Behravan, M., Ley, M.T., Lucero, C., Weiss, W.J., “Using X-ray Computed Tomography to investigate mortar subjected to freeze-thaw cycles”, Cement and Concrete Composites, 2019, doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.....
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A huge thanks to Jessica Ley, my soul mate, for editing this video.

[@omranalkhleefalhamad6756]

it is my first year as a civil en student and Im really glad that I found your channel , greeting from Turkey !

[@CorkRed80]

You're lucky to live in a time when information like this, and delivered this way, is so easily attainable . Embrace it . Civil Eng is worthy and rewarding profession in which you never stop learning. Good luck in your studies and your career.

[@ancientpersianempire]

i feel sorry for you and your people that your current president has become a muslim dictator...a total tragedy. no need to comment because i heard he is keeping criticism under strict control.

[@flourishomotola5306]

Good luck bro. I graduated 2 years ago. Civil Engineering is an interesting subject to study, there's a lot of contributions that you could make to the world.

[@cagdasaydn8675]

greetings from Hacettepe

[@khaingshwezinmyint5664]

Really informative. Thank you Mr. Tyler.

[@foolicooli]

Thanks for taking the time to provide free educational videos. Plan on building soon and your information helps inspire ideas

[@rickw4160]

always good for a refresher!

[@durarara911]

Thanks! That was a brilliant way of explaining it.

[@elyasm9534]

I enjoy all of your videos thank you very much

[@hafizsadat7062]

Useful video, thank you so much

[@kylegreenza9003]

The science behind Concrete is pretty amazing it's brilliant. Here in South Africa we never really have to worry about freezing concrete unless you in the some areas that snow depending on the rest of the year if it was overly hot or not. One thing to add my Foodlovers market i go to have this amazing concrete with aggregate floor that's been polished very satisfying finish no sponge like you mention. Thank you for the brilliant video

[@olenachernieva4959]

Thank you so much from Ukraine) for your amazing videos!

[@husseinnaji2827]

THANK YOU!! TYLER LEY DR CONCRETE KING

[@muricamarine9473]

keeep this up man i love you youre my civil engineering father figure

[@HergerTheJoyous]

That explains the results I got from the freeze and thaw tests I did with Aircrete. Thanks 👍

[@TylerLey]

Thanks for the comment. What did you find?

[@HergerTheJoyous]

@@TylerLey I found no cracks but I'm not working in a lab, the test was conducted using my freezer. I freeze and thawed the sample over the course of six months.

[@christianisaiasgomezpareja3919]

Excellent video Dr. Tyler Ley. The first time I heard about you was in FORO ARGOS. I really appreciate you include book or paper in your slides.

[@arnkriegbaum]

this is so useful to know. thanks

[@TylerLey]

I am so glad! Thank you!

[@user-sv2cv4ls6d]

Hi Tyler, Thank you for this video. I am brake pad engineer for vehicle. I have same problem in brake pad. that one had negative temperature history and that one have big crack. I want to understand more. Because my situation might be same situation with concrete.😀

[@pankajverma4246]

Thank you sir. Love from India I am suffering with same problem at my site (it s very cold in Himalaya)

[@Mr-qj9kg]

Interesting prof . keep it up :D

[@willbee6785]

I would seriously have a look at that bridge if I was the owner. Looks like a railway bridge? Things that come to mind are; bridge design, design of mix, contaminants in mix, poor quality aggregates & cement, weather conditions when it was laid, speed at which it was laid & poker vibrated, over vibrated, slump test, crush test results, immediate & intermediate period protection from the weather until cured. Regional & seasonal weather conditions. Also, local run off contaminants from the railway ballast & spillage from railway traffic. Drainage points from bridge structure. There are old salt marks on the surface on the concrete. I could go on. Interesting videos.

[@hamidrezar1040]

Amazing.

[@TylerLey]

I am so glad you like it.

[@AmSofiane]

You the best

[@anulbonecrusher]

Id like to hear about Roman Concrete. I know it forms calcium reinforcements of some sort when interacting with salt water but how does it do against freeze-thaw cycling? What science is behind that?

[@blTevez281]

Has i just started in the concrete industry, I love your work, brings me so much value. Knowing the density of a said sample, and its absorption, we might then be able to speculate on its F/T performance ? Even without knowing the pore size distribution ( to make the difference between air voir, capillary pore and gel pore), or is this to much of a shortcut ? Thanks for your help !

[@jonathanthink5830]

nice video! concrete tech in alaska.......

[@JohnSmith-hx3vo]

pls consider making a video about self-compacting concrete (pref. for DIY applications)

[@benvater8943]

That was awesome! Can you explain what happens to concrete in a fire? For instance the foundation of a house that burns down.

[@myselfremade]

Sometimes nothing :)

[@bobbybrown1787]

This guys jokes is like if Jimmy McGill became a civil engineer instead of a corrupt lawyer ;) Great video! Thanks!

[@myparadiseonbantayanisland9030]

Can you do a video(s) on aircrete and it's appropriate uses

[@czarrevs3616]

Great video. Would you recommend using rebar or fibers in a concrete driveway and a cold snowy environment?

[@badgthom]

Could you please do a video on concrete that's used for pools built using cinder blocks? I'd love to know the best type and weather or not to flood the floor after pouring it or just keep it wet with burlap. Any advice on concrete pool construction would be very much appreciated. I unfortunately don't have the option of using shotcrete so old school blocks are my best and most financially affordable choice. Thank you!!

[@KhiemNguyen-fw4jb]

Can you make a video about autoclaved aerated concrete? thank you, Tyler.

[@1TomWalker]

Love your videos BUT where is the practical application? I need answers for a residential pour and can’t find a single video that helps. Do you have an advisory service?

[@raphaeldeoliveirafattoripi4110]

Please Tyler, can you talk about Ultra high performance reinforced concrete? Thanks

[@scottdiloreto8899]

Seems like a good time for spray applied colloidal silica

[@Fynch08]

Please make a video on Cemex Vurtua using geopolymer cement solution

[@ExtraordinaryTK]

Is it possible if you could do a video specifically on Geopolymer concrete?

[@jhonchavez3124]

Hey Tyler can you make a video about ACI concrete construction special inspector. There isnt much information about that online.

[@edwardmurray2284]

Hi Tyler. This is off subject for this video, but I think its your latest one right now. What are your thoughts on bamboo for rebar or reinforcement? Is there a way to treat it to make it viable? If it were epoxy coated, it wouldnt rust in a knicked spot like epoxy coated rebar would. It could be split if the hole in the middle would be a problem... TYIA!

[@sweenbeen]

Great video. What are good alternative tests in lieu of ASTM C 666 - freeze thaw that can be done for mix performance evaluation then? Most people don't have 2.5 - 3 months to wait.

[@midnite22767]

My apologies if you've already covered this topic in a video that I haven't found yet but I was curious what you opinions are regarding IFP panel construction. I plan on building a home in the Caribbean in a few years and wish to use IFP construction for the house walls. If the industry promotional information is so positive, why isn't this building technique used more in hurricane prone areas or where temperatures remain at the extremes? Yes I understand it costs more but it seems to me the all of the positives justify the extra expense? Would you advise IFP panel construction in the Caribbean if all proper building codes are followed? Would love to hear your thoughts on this technique? Thanks!

[@RB-go4yz]

Can you please make a video on bonding concrete comparing manufacturers bonding products vs white glues etc. It would be nice to see some scientific based research.

[@darkalways3092]

Hi Tyler i challenge you to do video calculating the area of the one deformed steel bar exactly (don't tell me about smooth bar ) the deformed bar and considering the small lug and rib . good luck ....

[@somedude-lc5dy]

how do I get better air void spacing?

[@abdulaziznul2980]

Can you please make an actual video of how to properly mix the fibres in concrete.. hope you could do it..

[@ancientpersianempire]

so how would you create the perfect amount of air gaps spaced evenly or distributed

[@jamesflynt8763]

Is entrained air important in drilled shafts?

[@mm4750]

DOS is actually from Digital Research.

[@Very_thing]

I use vibration and forms to keep my DOS down. Does that same vibration skew my air pocket distribution in a negative way? The climate in East Tennessee is pretty mild.

[@erf177]

Hello Al from South Africa here. I am in the precast concrete industry, I have a small precast plant manufacturing staircases and beams for the biggest hollowcore manufacturing company in the southern hemisphere. (The Echo Group SA.) Can you talk more about precast concrete please) I reach about 25 to 30 mpa at every 16 hours....hou can I improve.... Thanks man....great channel

[@ThePackos]

thank you. I have a question.Why is young concrete dead if its frozen for one day? if I put my young concrete in freezer,let it freeze and two days later I take it out? The curing should continue? I don't understand why can't cure after freezing??? Thanks

[@hughbrackett343]

So, chopped up DOS diskettes and straws with a dash of Dawn for my admixture?

[@TylerLey]

Nice! Let me know how that works for you. =)

[@andrewyek]

@@TylerLey Hii Professor of Concrete, Your videos are super good.. very edu.. superb. I would like to ask you a question: Can a house concrete slab be poured on to styrofoam board in large area ? I mean, concrete is so heavy, styrofoam board is so weak , will it not smashed or crashed under all those huge cement, water and agregate weight ? When it being smashed or beign chew up by mole or vole.. under the slab, will it not causes the concrete slab crack and lost the water level or causing house to crack... I hav being asking this question for such a long time, and i saw this guy in youtube did just that.. pour concrete of house slab on styrofoam board. kzbin.info/www/bejne/gmmtcouHqcqFl68 Appreciate if you reply me. Thx

[@markbogen8970]

Question..... when taking yield test in winter..... how do you calculate water weight when the water is hot? Does it not weigh less?

[@Lawofimprobability]

How does this apply to concrete used underground in metro tunnels or underground buildings?

[@spkgwijesekara8345]

Dr. Tyler Ley, can u pls explain the reaction of BONDING AGENTS? How does it works with concrete? Are they durable? How long(generally)? If they deteriorate before concrete life, can water leaks be happened?

[@philliptoone]

So what about aircrete? Is it more likely or less likely to crack?

[@M1America]

You should email this to the Illinois state legislature.

[@catkucing3468]

Work 16 years as a civil engineer in malaysia, build almost everything , got bored and i am now cooking.

[@scottcureton6055]

So, if i have wet cured concrete sonic tubes for 3 days at 50 to 60 degrees....how long b4 DOS is below 88 percent to expose to freezing temps?? Thanks

[@charlesviner1565]

👍

[@Manish_Kumar_Singh]

ASTM code for segregation resistance of standard concrete ? like sieve of concrete and segregation resistance % (not Self compacting concrete)

[@350zee1]

Yo Tyler, make a new video for me..I wanna know if granite slabs on it's edge will add strength to a concrete pad or any concrete structure whether it's load bearing or just a on grade block, does granite add strength?

[@Stahodad]

Hey there. I am no expert but I stuck some quartz countertop scraps in with the gravel as fill before the shed slab went in...granite is good for 1500 psi or so..quartz is more like 4500 psi and up... I got it free locally..it is just a waste product otherwise...

[@chatgptrevolution]

Please test graphene in concrete, it makes the concrete much stronger

[@jimg8218]

How to prevent from freezing

[@jonerlandson1956]

bunches of other questions then arise... about things like submerged concrete... application methods (shotcrete, aircrete) ... admixtures... all sorts of things...

[@christianisaiasgomezpareja3919]

Dr. Ley, recently a read cshub.mit.edu/news/research-brief-examining-freeze-thaw-damage-microscopic-scale and has other approach (2016).It is about ions and the stress that they generate.

[@kishorhonnamani912]

I am from India, I am a student. I need a help. I am working on project thermal cracking in concrete. How can we conduct test on concrete to check thermal crack?

[@akoznasovajusername]

Brutalism welcomes you

[@CivilTreee]

peeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrffffffect man

[@partikkumar5911]

Sir please make video on scope of civil engineering in America for outsiders. LOVE FROM INDIA

[@TylerLey]

Thanks Partik! I appreciate the love. I would come and visit some day. Could you tell me more about what you want to know?

[@partikkumar5911]

@@TylerLey Its awesome that you replied me. I m student of graduation in civil engineering from india. I want to ask that how can i get job in America. Is graduation enough or i need masters? Or any other way to get in? After my graduation if i 'll get in Dubai and got some experience is it possible to get job in America ? Which course should i choose for master to get in America(plz don't say that choose you are in interested one bcuz i am confused). THANKQ SIR😉

[@maggot5693]

Bore blockers mate

[@markpetri8454]

Tyler Ley. I think if you and Mike Haduck, would sit in a room for 8 hours, the future of concrete could forever change. Mine is fascinated with concrete, particularly the history of what has worked and what doesn’t. Combine that experience with your scientific and theoretical knowledge and we could possibly end up with forever concrete…

[@Stahodad]

...or a big brawl...lol... 😉

[@rippinlips1133]

Question Ty, do you have an email. Want to pick your brain. I’m a concrete contractor.

[@jancejancejance]

Wait, this isn't about concrete pours but is about concrete pores? I understand concrete poorly.

[@Roadhouseee]

Is this channel a project you’re working on? What’s the point? You’re obviously not swimming in views over it. Just a passion? No hate here just curious. I watch a lot of your stuff

[@blipco5]

Only fools are not interested in concrete.

[@hughbrackett343]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/mp3GoWWHgrCfl6M

[@TylerLey]

I do it because I want to help other people. I think concrete is the greatest material on the planet and I want to help other people learn about it. I also wished that something like this existed and I couldn't find it and so I decided to make it. With COVID it has been harder to make these videos routinely but I am doing what I can to keep upping videos when I have time. I feel like it is my way to give back. I really get a lot out of it. Thanks for watching.

[@blipco5]

Tyler Ley - Thank YOU. We all get something out of it. Me, I enjoy your enthusiasm for this spectacular building material. 👍

[@Roadhouseee]

@@TylerLey super cool videos I’m always blown away by how much you know. Thanks for the reply like I said I wasn’t hating just curious.

[@timreyne1364]

Dude, you gotta get your stuff on Bitchute and BrandNewTube And get a fucking mustache!

[@Jus4ya]

Because water in the concrete freezes and expands your welcome

[@fdloop]

I thought he would give a recipe to make the concrete harder. I lost my time here

[@therakshasan8547]

Without ANY air voids then the issue does not exist . No voids , no water - Ice - break down. Air is just a way to fill volume without using material , saving costs. Are there better air distribution than others ? You proved that distribution does make a difference . But Air is weak .

[@alexsarabura8354]

wrong

[@zachleonard258]

The water is still penetration fully into the concrete through the capillary pores. The main point is that the air bubbles are pressure relief valves so that the concrete doesnt fully fracture when the water inside does get exposed ti freezing temperatures.

[@silverfox2852]

DOS was open source, gates just stole it for himself

[@Mr-qj9kg]

Interesting prof . keep it up :D

[@TylerLey]

More coming, I promise!!!