Why is the RUDDER SPLIT? Explained by CAPTAIN JOE

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Dear friends and followers, welcome back to my channel and to a great video about the split rudder you see on most wide-body aeroplanes.
The primary flight controls such as the ailerons, elevator and rudder are hydraulically powered. In case of the Boeing 747 which has four independent hydraulic systems, 1, 2,3 and 4 are each powered and pressurized by its respective engine. Now if we look at this schematic, you see that tail fin rudder or vertical stabilizer is split into the upper and lower rudder. The upper rudder is deflected to either side by three actuators, two of them powered by hydraulic system number three and one by system number one. The lower rudder comes with two actuators one powered by system number two and the other by system number four.
As you apply force into the rudder pedals to either side, both the upper and lower rudder will be deflected simultaneously towards the given input.
The slower you fly the more deflection you need of the rudder to have an effect and the faster you fly, the less deflection you need.
So for example, as she comes in for landing, if the pilot applies full left or right rudder, it will go to the maximum deflection of 31.5 degrees, which sometimes can be necessary in strong crosswind conditions. During cruise or speeds higher than 350 knots, with the same amount of input into the pedals, the rudder will only deflect 5 degrees and less to either side.
But as an airline pilot, you always expect the same reply of your plane, no matter the speed. Therefore, airplane engineers have fitted the flight control system with a so-called rudder ratio changer. The general purpose of the rudder ratio changer is to gradually reduce the surface deflection of the rudder by the pedals with increasing airspeed. Please do not mistake this with the yaw damper, that´s a whole other system.
But see more in the video!
Thank you very much for your time! I hope you enjoy this video!
Wishing you all the best!
Your "Captain" Joe
Big thank you to all other youtubers who provided me with the video material to create this video. Your content is highly appreciated. Please follow their channels:
@Cargospotter
@Simon whittaker
@LouB747
@Worldaviation 4K
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ALL COPYRIGHTS TO THIS VIDEO ARE OWNED BY FLYWITHCAPTAINJOE.COM ANY COPYING OR ILLEGALLY DOWNLOADING AND PUBLISHING ON OTHER PLATFORMS WILL FOLLOW LEGAL CONSEQUENCES

[@andyrussell1709]

that’s me on the front of that yacht! 1:58 what the hell? We made that video at work as an instructional piece glad you found it useful for something

[@AbsoluteTVYT]

​@Eric Wood Oddly enough, people might use a picture from a different day as their profile picture on KZbin as they did when making an instructional video on a yacht.

[@xxxzzz9654]

@@AbsoluteTVYT woah that's weird information I didn't think people actually did thanks for telling me

[@AlvinGuoSubscribe]

That's insane coincidence. The world really is small

[@noreason2701]

Lol small man syndrome you have to call a little turd like that a yacht.

[@Moha-eh9tq]

@@AbsoluteTVYT Oh my god... Thats rocket science!!! Damn.

[@RFHeimi]

The upper A380 rudder is not active in high speed, it`s only needed on low speed/approach. It has a mechanical device that pushes it always to the right when no hydraulic power on ground. In flight this mechanical force to the right is counteracted by hydraulic pressure keeping the rudder in the midlle and eliminating fluctuations. Both rudders are also limited in travel range as the speed gets higher. So the upper rudder is held mechanically to right on ground due to mechanical force and the lower can be moved by wind to any direction. But it is damped by the internal hydraulic.

[@wecsam]

Why would Airbus want the rudder to default to the right when there is no power? Wouldn't centering the rudder be better in a situation where power is lost?

[@RFHeimi]

​@@wecsam The rudder is most of the time inactive. It has 2 x hydraulic and 2 x electric backup. In the unlikely event all is lost it will be centred by the airflow when flying. When you centre the rudder with hydraulic power it will micro-oscillate. All aírcraft have this problem. But on the A380 because of the giant size of the rudder you would feel it and it would do stress on structure. With the mechanical preload the hydraulic will centre it perfectly without oscillating.

[@theenzoferrari458]

@@wecsam because right turns are legal but left turns on red are a ticket.

[@Buchaven959]

@@RFHeimi Awesome explanation, thanks! Do you know what is the "mechanical device" being used? From the video at 4:05 it looks like it is maybe spring loaded and the wind is blowing in from the right of the screen? Seems kinda weak (blowing in the wind) to be a pre-load against hydraulic system? Although I guess maybe any force enough to cause a pressure imbalance in the hydraulic circuits would be enough? Also (you seem to know your A380's...) how does this speed balance multiple actuators across multiple independent systems, attached to the same rudder section?? That feels like a whole other can of worms...

[@RFHeimi]

@@Buchaven959 Yes it`s a kind of spring, buts it`s not weak. You can'`t push it by hand. In the video it deflects because the wind is blowing somewhat fast and don`t forget the surface it`s acting on. And yes, it`s just enough force for a preload to the hydraulic on one side of the actuator. And each Rudder has just 2 actuators, and only 1 is active at a time, while the other is in "damping" mode. If the hydraulic part fails the electrical takes over, which is built-in. So 1 actuator with 2 systems inside. So 2 x 2 per rudder but only 1 active at a time, others standby. Makes a total of 4 Actuators for both rudders but with double backup (8). Was that your question? Google for A380 rudder, or "EBHA"

[@supervelocevlogs6510]

Beardless Joe: Level 1 Cadet Bearded Joe: Level 100 Mafia Airlines Senior Captain

[@amsyarzero]

IMMA MAKE YOU PUMP that hydraulic system LIKE THAT

[@iamananonymousperson5270]

That’s how aviation works

[@hadzr5446]

5 Stripes Mafia Lord Ultimate Captain

[@trippy._t2179]

I’m you’re 400th liker I’ll take a roblox gift card

[@leanneland]

I find your explanations very easy to follow. I’m glad to see you’re back! 😊✈️

[@thomasjefferson8018]

That's why he was gone so long, he just had to grow out the facial hair to look good.😂 lmao

[@tmshadow8031]

Hahahahahshehehehehehehahahhahajssssksksksksksk

[@uccong7651]

Lmao

[@safetyinstructor]

I thought he was going to do some advertisement for Dollar shave club

[@epiccars5440]

What is lmao..?

[@uccong7651]

@@epiccars5440 it's "laugh my ass off" as i know

[@abdalla2855]

WOW, long time, Happy you´re Back.

[@walaba7038]

You're it's kinda confusing but I'm sure soon you can get it right

[@AirwavesEnglish]

*you're back.

[@abdalla2855]

@@walaba7038 thanks for correcting me my dudes, lmao

[@pluto8404]

I was scared he was flying the 737 max

[@rhinox86]

can you please make an in-depth video about talking to controllers (whether it be ground or air). So the structure of talking, what everything means, why it's important etc. Thanks!

[@dann9208]

jack You can watch Aviation’s Pro Phraseology Guide for Europe using P3D

[@maxcchiru]

Me: *immediately recognizes Footage of Northwest 85 recreated by National Geographic*

[@shivamgagad5674]

*So you say?*

[@doggonose5591]

I think that’s Smithsonian Air Disaster footage

[@itsdamzy8161]

TheSharkyTalkie nope it’s not 😂

[@doggonose5591]

It’s Damzy bruh it is

[@itsdamzy8161]

TheSharkyTalkie look at the clip it has a channel logo on the side 😑

[@lizettegallegos]

Tomorrow’s my first day of flight school! I’m both nervous and excited!Pray for me 😂 Thank you all for your positive comments and advice! I had a great first lesson and am looking forward to acquiring new skills. I recognize that it’s going to require a lot of hard work and dedication, but becoming a professional pilot continues to be the dream :)

[@PilotChadBarker]

Lizette Gallegos Good luck and relax! You’ll do great!

[@jamesboeck]

There an app called mentour avation full of avaition enthusiast, pilots in training and pilots. I hope this help

[@rahulnayar1]

All the best

[@samade1758]

Goodluck... Stay focused and enjoy what you're doing

[@benniecoetzee9586]

Awesome!

[@GsnMithra]

What I saw changing. Facial Hair, Watch, Pen in the shirt pocket.

[@gglovato]

Soul patch captain Joe

[@SimonSNB]

Thanks for simplifying a complex subject once again Joe, you always make the videos very interesting and informative. I'm always inspired by your skills and abilities and I always try to take notes from you and your progression in life and apply them to myself. You're a life changer, thank you.

[@gonun69]

The space shuttle also had a really cool vertically split rudder doubling as an airbrake.

[@glorious_help]

Gonun that’s what the a380 does as well

[@gonun69]

@@glorious_help cool, didn't know that

[@andrewzhang1290]

GLR I don’t know about that but okay

[@jakesnussbuster3565]

@@glorious_help uhhh yea, no.

[@subluxus6019]

The A-10 has speedbrakes into ailerons too

[@nomikhan747]

You are the best teacher Cap. Joe❤️

[@ravensrulzaviation]

He, and Mentour and Dutch Pilot Girl.

[@shivamgagad5674]

Yea

[@Notavailable375]

Second best, mentor pilot takes the cake

[@optinaut6710]

On the thumbnail it looked like the arrow was pointing to the korean airlines logo and i thought "well yeah, north and south korea lmao"

[@giantrobot5804]

Watched a tonne of pilots on youtube; commercial ones that are still flying are my favourite and this guy is by far the best. I find myself always coming back to Captain Joe's content. Initially found his channel because of autoplay going off course from ATC videos and then his interview with Kennedy Steve and I was hooked from there. Thank you so much, Captain, for your hard work and great videos.

[@victoriafrasqueri8567]

Our captain's back ! Happy to see you again ✈💙

[@spearedward2534]

Welcome back captain. Missed the 'dear friends and followers' opening slogan. It switches my brain to aviation lesson mode😊😊

[@sweardadygaming4280]

Where have you been joe?? I've missed you I need more aircraft knowledge your awesome keep making awesome vids once every Thursday

[@_jamesrayner_]

Hi Joe, it was great to see you yesterday at Pilot Careers Live. You are an inspiration! Your videos are great and full of information, please keep making them.

[@Rahul-ef2ou]

Surprised you are not on 1 million already! Luv yr work

[@alexgodfrey9974]

Hi Joe, I met you today at the Pilot's career fare (having watched your videos for a while now) in Heathrow Airport with my mum and dad (we were the first people you spoke to) I just wanted to say thank you for all the advice you were able to give me as well as being such a nice guy. From Alex Godfrey (hopefully a future pilot)

[@adysoferu]

Great to have you back Captain Joe! Keep up the good work!

[@vicf6509]

Glad to see you are back. As always a great video filled with information. Also want to mention that your productions are well done. The editing, b-roll, and graphics are not overdone and well placed.

[@atlanticiacomjr9951]

You're back!! Awesome content as always!! Btw loving the new facial aero 😊

[@williamedmundson3159]

Your videos simply deserve a like due to the quality , professionalism and effort you put into them ps. keep it up

[@ZK-APA]

Fun fact: The 747-400 flying the Northwest flight 85 (N661US), was the first ever Boeing 747-400 ever built. And the same aircraft is currently preserved at Delta Flight Museum at Atlanta, with people allowed to enter and see it from the inside.

[@cobrar5161]

Maybe not for you but for people else where it is fun.

[@bryan53566]

I was in Atlanta and toured N661US. Excellent exhibit! They have a sign in the cabin area with details on Northwest 85.

[@lorentzarmstrong3008]

I should have scrolled further down here in he comments. I just repeated this same fact 😂 I have experienced the exhibit inside and out. Really cool!

[@rimmipeepsicles1870]

It's obvious that the lower rudder hardover thing is caused by testing as it was the 1st 747-400 built and so was the test aircraft of the series... And why the heck am I saying the same things you said earlier in this comment. This is wierd.

[@Dana_Danarosana]

Your videos are wonderful and it's great to have you back. After talking about NWA 85's PCU malfunction and then discussing A320 & B737 rudders, I was kinda surprised you didn't mention the crashes caused by PCU malfunctions on UA 585 & US 427 and the near-miss with W9 517.

[@SinghAlokkrishna]

Once again great explanation and excellent session. Thanks captain joe

[@phillipbranch8291]

The 747 mentioned in the Northwest Airlines incident in the video was the first production 747-400 off the production line and went into service with Northwest Airlines. Delta Airlines inherited the plane when the merger with Northwest was complete. It went on to serve with Delta for several more years before being retired and is currently on display at the Delta Airlines museum in Hapeville, Georgia which is a suburb of Atlanta!

[@TechTroppy]

You are the best almost 1 million good job I am here since 200k so really nice achievement.

[@judith8933]

Finally a new video;) happy that you’re back!😀🙂

[@sixfeetsharpshiv]

Welcome back Joe after a long time missed your videos glad ur back

[@kateoconnor6097]

Ah missed your videos sooo much. So glad your back ❤️😁

[@PhilippusCesena]

Great video, as always! Maybe Pilot Alexander know the answer about the A380

[@valobrien9596]

I'm obsessed with aircraft. When I was a teenager I started building model airplanes, mostly airliners and cargo planes, a hobby I returned too a few years ago. And all the while I wondered what the split rudder was about. Today, after 30 years or so, Captain Joe answered that question for me! Thank you Joe!! 😉👍

[@pg41226]

Great video! And im happy I could watch the Zalando adverts in between 😄👍🏼

[@112musician]

I am going to admit that one of my favorite hobbies is reading NTSB reports. This video is the first time anyone ever recommended that I read one! If I could go back and do it again perhaps I would have had a career in investigations.

[@vaishalideshpande5683]

Her Joe I would like you to make a video on communication system on a b 7478

[@bartpolin520]

@Captain Joe--Love your videos. I always learn something new from you, even though I'm an IFR pilot. It keeps me sharp, and reminds me of what I MAY have forgotten.

[@s1dd637]

Amazing explanation as always!!

[@vi4375]

Looks like you've been busy with the queen, anyways welcome back Mr legend BTW nice beard

[@manjunathrao6171]

Welcome back Captain Joe. BTW where were you for so long??

[@baduploadschedule1015]

Manjunath Rao Probably flying some planes commercially

[@joshuaadams4136]

Welcome back Joe. Loved the video especially the opening radio transmissions Virgin Australia is my favourite airline

[@robdave1974]

Excellent explanation, great video, perfect balance of pictures video and technical graphics. TY CJ

[@Bum_Hip]

Looking forward to Captain Joe’s thoughts on the 737 Max.

[@Vee3000]

AnotherDayInParadise that’s a very stupid question

[@masonmtb7]

FreeX its not even a question. Its a statement

[@kanishkasoldhiskidney528]

Woo our captain has a beard now...... Btw you're looking good with that beard

[@jad6342]

I'm glad you're back cap , i missed you

[@stefanrhys44]

It’s so good to have you back Cap 😂👋🏼

[@acpck]

Welcome back Cap. Joe! Any word about recent MAX 8 events?

[@chazzeiler9753]

They released the preliminary report for the Ethiopian crash. Not to go native on captain joe, but Mentour Pilot has an app we’re you can talk directly to him, other pilots and engineers, some of which work for beings. That’s probably the best inside info you can get.

[@acpck]

​@@chazzeiler9753 Yup, I do know that, as I'm also following Mentour. Those two guys, Cap. Joe and Mentour, set the reference when it comes to aviation content on KZbin. Never the less, I still want an insight coming from Cap. Joe regarding this hole MAX 8 situation.

[@chazzeiler9753]

For sure, I totally understand that. It’s kind of scary how the media can hype up accidents when there’s a vast amount of knowledge out there.

[@bigjeff1291]

Alin-Constantin Paun I sure do agree with you on Captain Joe and Mentour. I found Juan Browne to be excellent also. You might give him a look.

[@christianbarnay2499]

@@chazzeiler9753 Preliminary report seems to indicate Ethiopian pilots did crash while applying the emergency procedure published by Boeing. This raises questions about the software update that is supposed to solve the issue: if this update is a direct implementation of that procedure it might not be sufficient. It seems the MAX will need to go through a lot of deep testing before it gets its licence back and people accept to board it again. I'm also hoping pilots will give us their thoughts on that whole situation. But I fear they won't be allowed to discuss it freely. There is a lot at stakes for Boeing, the FAA and companies. So they might get instructions to wait until the investigation is complete and the final report is published.

[@0NicoLoco0]

Thanks for the video. I think somebody went a bit overboard with the saturation-slider during editing, though.

[@javaidquaser9883]

Thanks for video God bless you and your family

[@maathiiee5]

Thank you Joe for another awesome video

[@randomdoodles]

hey Joe, have you ever been in an emergency situation?

[@AlexTrainsChest]

Hey Captain Joe! Been following you for a while, love the videos! I wanted to let you know I bought one of your AVGeek t-shirts, and after i washed it once according to the correct water temp and drying settings, the graphic faded significantly. After a 2nd wash, the graphic is completely gone. :( Just FYI, in case you want to consider a different silk screener than teespring.

[@murilovsilva]

Awesome video! Split rudder is an example of a tiny detail that creates huge questions, because they are the most difficult to find an answer to! Thanks Captain Joe, for this wonderful and informative video.

[@insearchofnemo]

Captain Joe, you put so much work in your videos. Very Professional. It’s appreciated, just want to put this out there.

[@anuragsingh-vc5ni]

Bro where have you been so long? :( missed you dearly

[@leeryspritegaming8156]

He Went For Vacation To Cape Town

[@kysrussiansandindians0]

Wtf is wrong with you he hasn't even been away for a year

[@Lunaskyuwu]

To grow that beard 😜

[@Duvstep910]

you do realize he is an active airline pilot right?

[@LaurencYT]

I have a question What is the family life of a pilot?

[@_speeding]

Late notification. Loved it. I am a long time aviation fan and Captain Joe fan.

[@frankmintenig]

Good to have you back here, Joe!😊

[@marcjureknielsen2206]

Hi Joe! The A380 has a very high stabilizer, and Im thinking that all the wind is forcing the upper rudder to the right in the video you showd. And by all the turbulence from terminal forced the rudder in a left position. This is my best theory. Keep in mind that the video of the a380 at the gate also shows that it doest keeping the split position the hole time...........Greetings Marc Nielsen!

[@kfstreich4787]

10:01 and in the movie the damage was created with a hacksaw...

[@TBeezzz]

Love you and your channel so much ! I am storekeeper for a line maintenance company, we are working on A319s, so I recognise a lot of parts that I receive and send to repair in your videos ;) thanks !

[@kerensaemiliex]

Joe you’re getting so close to 1 million subscribers! I’m so excited and happy for you❤️

[@kanagekaizen]

Hey Captain Joe I love your videos and I am an avgeek #RoadTo1Million

[@properstan5000]

I think the reason why the A380's rudder can be pointed two ways is if the wind is coming from the back, the rudder might split and they would be pointed in opposite directions. Please correct me if I'm wrong.

[@brandonsimpson7394]

I was at the flight live Heathrow and I thought your presentation was incredible ✈️👨‍✈️😀

[@azmike1956]

I've performed rudder hinge inspections & maintenance & most people would be amazed at how large these components are. Really interesting bit about the B2!

[@rohitmaske9792]

Itz just done during the pre-flight checks to confirm the system i.e control surface movement

[@rohitmaske9792]

223 Remington right but this checklist includes pre flight checks

[@prestonkane3641]

The plane involved in Northwest Flight 85 is now on display in Atlanta.

[@deeanna8448]

Hey! You're back! That was a good video.

[@matfifty7239]

Excellent explanation Captain!! Always!!

[@ccityplanner1217]

Thumbnail makes it look like: why is there a wavy white split in the middle of the Koreanair logo?

[@toddbod94]

Sponsored by Pepsi

[@TeachAManToAngle]

Joe-You look just fine. I wouldn't have commented on appearance but I wanted to balance out the conversation. Thanks for the great explanation.

[@martinpauly]

Nice explanation, Joe. I always learn something from your videos. 👍 - Martin

[@tracylynn1053]

Brilliant vid Captain Joe 💕 thanks

[@BrainsApplied]

Wait, I didn't even know it sometimes was split... *Great beard though* ;)

[@shajikuriakose5579]

Joe I missed you a lot... And u look beautiful with beard.

[@S.E.C-R]

Loving the scruff... It looks really great on you!!

[@mashhoodzahid2189]

Hello Capt. Joe. I have become half a pilot by just seeing your videos. I really liked your explaining techniques. If you may, please make a video about Dutch Roll and Yaw Damper.

[@chunkychuck]

I hate to say it, but you got the less-than ("") symbols reversed.

[@officer_baitlyn]

4:15 id guess it has something to do with braking

[@Mikailz_]

same

[@j-marie4006]

Thank you Capt. Joe.

[@Hypeee]

Hey Captain Cant wait to see you tomorrow at heathrow for the pilot careers live event!

[@merete5088]

You are so good at talking and explaining!

[@hengzhengming8451]

Time for a shave and a haircut Joe🌚😂

[@airwipe1639]

Heng Zheng Ming tbh I like it

[@gorillaau]

I don't mind it either. Looks more distinguished.

[@tanmaypalkar9861]

Humans are reluctant to change. After a few videos we'll be accustomed to it. Tbh I don't like it for now!

Heng Zheng Ming I love it. But even if I didn’t and you don’t, it doesn’t mean he has to do anything. You sure as hell wouldn’t have the balls to tell a woman what to do with her appearance, yet this culture of people feeling emboldened enough to police mens’ physical appearances and preferences persists. Check yourself. This should have ended decades ago. Anyway, Joe looks great.

[@WilliamJones-Halibut-vq1fs]

Either he is a hipster (he DJ's a bit in real life) or because he flies a cargo plane and has 10 girlfriends at each airport and no passengers to impress he has no need to shave. I think the latter

[@federicomaisch6812]

Thank you for sharing, great video

[@TurboMathieu]

Good vid, I hope you had fun vacation but I’m glad you’re back. Nice beard btw

[@gammalight1312]

Hydraulics tend to oppose force unless acted on by a primary pressure source. I'm guessing they faced opposite directions because they share the same hydraulic primary. And that primary pump was not engaged while the plane was parked.

[@rawbeefhdjoshuavdg6206]

You forgot the Bonanza V35B V-tail😉 Great Video as always

[@Anonimo-np9py]

Captain Joe Thanks for your awesome quality content. I love you have support/secondary shots of 747 planes to illustrate what you are speaking Congrats!

[@ronakjoshi5339]

I have an exam tomorrow! But guess what: Captain Joe just uploaded a new video! *Puts away all the studying and clicks on the video as fast as possible* YAY! Captain Joe is back! Nice look with facial hair!

[@jonamus]

Hes back, the legend is back!

[@zeronineeightcreeper5596]

+36,817 subscribers = 1 million!!!!! Do you have a special video planned for 1 million subscribers?

[@mytech6779]

I just happen to have a 737-400 operations manual sitting here. There are hydraulic system A, system B, a standby system, and a power transfer unit. "A" is powered by a pump in engine one plus an electric pump powered by the generator in engine two; "B" is just the reverse. The standby system is powered by an electric pump which can get power from either engine or the APU. The rudder can be used with any of the three systems. This manual does not have component details on the actuator arrangement in the rudder, so I do not know if one system could power all actuators or if the A and B systems each have dedicated actuators. Standby is normally off, selecting the standby system will replace either A or B.(two switches; switch A can be ON OFF or STBY and switch B has the same)

[@snowdoggo2803]

Thanks Captain Joe I always wondered that!

[@joburgoof9404]

But what if I like the A220, there's no shirt for it

[@NikhilDeshwal1792]

So u can make your own T-shirt

[@Jay-zx3qb]

Answer to your question: at the gate the a380s hydraulics systems aren't pressurized

[@blewis42002]

Jay Kapur well yeah, they don’t have hydraulic power, so the wind will move the rudder. So thats not quite the answer.

[@Jay-zx3qb]

@@blewis42002 Doesn't explain why the split rudder is facing opposite of one another. The wind will blow one way

[@blewis42002]

Jay Kapur no, it doesn’t. I didn’t try to explain why, because I don’t know, but it’s not because of low hydraulic pressure is what I’m saying

[@FuRRioZ]

Hey Joe ! Excellent video, like always. I hope one day you'll do a video like "A day with me" or something like that (if you Can). Thank you for you videos and maybe one day I'll be your first officer ? 🤞 Have a nice week.

[@Space_Man909]

Yes my favorite is back,