Why mendel select pea plant | Mendels Laws of Inheritence | class 10

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This lecture is about
3 Mendel’s Laws Of Inheritance
Gregor Mendel was a monk (priest) in Austria. He developed the fundamental principles of genetics.
Mendel proposed that there are “special factors” in
organisms, which control the expression of traits and
their transmission to next generations. These factors
were eventually termed genes.
Mendel selected pea plant (Pisum sativum) to carry
out a large number of experiments. In his writings,
he gave reasons for this selection. He argued that an
organism for genetic experiments should have the
following features:
• There should be a number of different traits that
can be studied (Fig. 15.6).
• The organism should have contrasting traits e.g. for
the trait of height there should be only two very different phenotypes i.e. tallness and dwarfness.
• The organism (if it is a plant) should be self-fertilizing but cross fertilization should also be
possible.
• The organism should have a short but fast life cycle.
All these features are present in pea plant. Normally, the flowers of pea plant allow self-pollination.
Cross pollination can also be done by transferring the pollen grains from the flower on one plant
to the flower on another plant. Each trait studied in pea plant had two distinct forms. Mendel
succeeded in his work not only because he selected the right organisms for his experiments but
also because he analyzed the results by using the principles of statistics (ratios).