Why These Soviet-Era Reactors Are Being Taken Apart

Step inside the complex world of nuclear decommissioning.
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Correction: Slovakia/Czechoslovakia was a satellite state of the Soviet Union, not a full Soviet state.
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[@TheB1M]

Skip the waitlist and invest in blue-chip art for the very first time by signing up for Masterworks 👉www.masterworks.art/theb1m

[@r0dani3lb]

Why is there a waiting list if it's so easy to skip it ? I would like to meet the morons who are still waiting...

[@bytesback.]

Any chance of an ethical sponsor ?

[@toggleton6365]

Ethical sponsors don't pay that good than the ones we see on nearly every channel on YT.

[@-vz-]

so many red flags with this one

[@ticron]

I like your videos, but I can't stay subscribed to someone who continues to promote Masterworks. Please listen to what your viewers are telling you and choose a better sponsor.

[@tulak2004]

Ehm, Slovakia was never part of the USSR. It was part of the Eastern Bloc, which is by far not the same. Back then, it was Czechoslovakia, which split into Czechia and Slovakia in 1994.

[@himaro101]

While technically correct, I'd say it's splitting hairs. For all intents and purposes, the eastern block was governed by the USSR. Eastern Europe wasn't so much freed from Nazi Germany as put under new management at the end of WW2... I know it's probably taken in the same way as calling a Scottish or Welsh person English though.

[@waffle3709]

🤓

[@MrSkipLim]

@@himaro101 They could not move freely between the Eastern Bloc and the USSR There was a different language

[@bastisonnenkind]

@@himaro101 If that is splitting hairs then let me declare that th USA and Canada are the same country, or that the State of New York bekongs to Texas. See what I did there?

[@sbarley]

@@himaro101 Thats not splitting hairs.. thats going bald

[@LordManhattan]

Thank you for the instructions. I shall dismante my nuclear reactor tonight!

[@beaudavis3808]

You better not be an American, then.

[@ohzone6464]

Don't be afraid < just what they want

[@blaydCA]

I'm not touching mine until it's wheels fall off, or it explodes.😂

[@The_3_Triangle]

just expand the operation

[@sammy2tyres]

😆😆

[@copperdraws]

I wish you would stop taking masterworks sponsorships.

[@marklandwehr7604]

Tell me how does it feel to want 😂

[@andyroo3022]

Someone has to make the wealthy that buy the art even wealthier. Recycle the waste products into paintings that glow under UV light.

[@Tim_G_Bennett]

Probably still better then better help sponsorships.

[@neepsmcfly4176]

If you're like me & not offering a dime for their show, I fail to see how your opinion has any relevance whatsoever. Even so, if you find their benefactors so distasteful (yet still not so bad as to replace them) and absolutely MUST make your feelings known, the best method is to unsub & move on. This Karen-esque moment has served only as pure entertainment... The very highest value to be mined from it. The rest is slag.

[@ingo_8628]

Bohunice 1 & 2 are WWER-440/230, the same type as Greifswald-1 to 4, so not that new, when the Bohunice units shut down, the Greifswald units were already 11 and 13 Years into their dismantlingprocess. Also Slovakia was never part of the sovietunion, Czechoslovakia was only member of the Warsaw Pact.

[@tz8785]

And a WWER 440 isn't exactly a giant reactor.

[@merely-an-user]

"Slowakia was a part of Soviet Union" I'm dead 💀

[@briangarrow448]

I’m probably one of the few people who watched this video that actually has worked on nuclear power plants. I’ve been fortunate enough to work on the containment vessel at a nuclear power station, the refueling machinery and the sacrificial shield walls of a nuclear reactor. I really believe that nuclear power has a role to play in our energy production matrix. And that opinion isn’t based on my previous work in the field. I’ve worked in multiple coal power stations, biomass and municipal waste stations, natural gas cogeneration plants and hydroelectric energy systems.

[@BelaJuTe]

From your experience, what are the best forms of electricity generation?

[@1968Christiaan]

There is a great video from a well known professor of energy resources, who proves with numbers, facts and graphs exactly the opposite. He shows that PV in Germany is even reducing the usage of nuclear in france. Nuclear is just too expensive and is too much of an economic risk. His video is called "droht das Atom-Aus in Frankreich"

[@briangarrow448]

@@BelaJuTe I’m a huge fan of hydroelectric power. I also think that tidal power has great potential promise for our future. The fact is that every type of power generation has its positive points as well as downsides. I believe we are going to need a BROAD mix of different types of power sources to serve our future needs. I am enthusiastic about small nuclear power generation systems, tidal, solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal energy generation. Variety is the key for the future.

[@toggleton6365]

@@1968Christiaan And with the prices for Battery storage dropping fast right now cause of scaling up of the production will make it more and more a no brainer to have all houses with a PV and battery. So the storage close to the consumption and less usage of the grid.

[@aggonzalezdc]

​@@toggleton6365what are you going to do with all those batteries at their end of life? Decommissioning is something required of nearly every power system, and batteries are some of the worst.

[@-Tme]

The quality of the production and graphics in your videos is incredible!

[@DeadlySIlence92]

30 years old? i'd say well over 50 years for most of the reactors. And since when was slovakia part of the ussr? :o

[@coderider3022]

Yeah, 30-50 is life span ?

[@GamingGrenade1]

Now _this_ is a subject I wasn't expecting to learn about in this week's B1M video

[@L17_8]

God sent His son Jesus to die for our sins on the cross. This was the ultimate expression of God's love for us. Then God raised Jesus from the dead on the third day. Please repent and turn to Jesus and receive Salvation now before it is too late. The end times written about in the Bible are already happening in the world. Jesus loves you with all His heart ❤️ but time is running out.

[@sammy2tyres]

How do you do italics in comments, pls?

[@GamingGrenade1]

@@sammy2tyres Put an underscore before and after the text you want to make _italic_ . You can also make the text *bold* or -strikethrough- by using asterisks or hyphens respectively

[@CsendesMark]

2:01 formerly part of the ussr????? How do you fact check your stuff?

[@Gecmajster123456]

he is right, wasnt part of the Western countries, or the Europen Union.. do you get it?!

[@Gecmajster123456]

its an officail document, Csendes, keeps silent, thats your surname..

[@Gecmajster123456]

the Szomszedok was a really depressing HU-USSR series.. btw, don't even dare deny it

[@heinzaballoo3278]

Yeah it's sloppy as hell

[@kristoffer3000]

@@Gecmajster123456 Bro, you're drooling.

[@LeVoDECoM]

Love the reports, but the ads oh boy pls dont

[@PhilliesNostalgia]

@@Leo23XRMasterworks

[@Patrick-y4d1z]

@@Leo23XR The one that occupied like 25% of the video.

[@GeekyMedia]

you get this video for free. How else can a channel like this function and put out weekly high-quality videos?

[@sixregrets]

sponsorblock

[@Patrick-y4d1z]

@@GeekyMedia KZbin already has adverts.

[@obongonigga]

Ummm Slovakia was never a part of the USSR and I don't get how Chernobyl nuclear disaster is related to these, unlike RBMK reactors used in Chernobyl, VVER design used here is inherently safer so I have reasons to believe it was shut down due to stupid politics, not actual security concern

[@xxwookey]

VVER is not as bad as RBMK (nothing is!) but there were serious issues in the early VVER designs, meaning they didn't meet European requirements any more. So it's not just silly politics.

[@dado57k]

Have been waiting for an episode about Slovakia for so long and the absolutely wrong pronunciation of our towns did not disappoint lol. Gotta love that you just gave up on Jaslovské bohunice and just called it just Bohunice, which is a totally different village instead instead :D

[@donc-m4900]

Confusing. It happened in 2011-2022 . So it's done. But is it expected to cost 1.3B US? And then you lead into Masterworks.

[@edyee1647]

"Confusing. It happened in 2011-2022. So it's done" Bro, he already said it at 2:40.

[@donc-m4900]

@@edyee1647 right Bro, so why is it expected to cost 1.3B? It's over.

[@yotonking2831]

The money is for reconstruction and development.

[@Dr_Larken]

0:42 anyone that thinks nuclear power is a thing of the past… it should be our future! But some countries prefer to be dependent on another country instead of building nuclear power plants! I mean, look at Germany! Given the fact that oil isn’t going anywhere anytime soon. But billions are going into green technology not nuclear power just shows it has nothing to do with anything other than money!

[@samueltrusik3251]

Slovakia is mentioned. Thousands of Slovaks must watch!

[@SomeKidFromBritain]

Are you a slovak?

[@samueltrusik3251]

@@SomeKidFromBritain Indeed.

[@SomeKidFromBritain]

@@samueltrusik3251 Cool

[@CalimehChelonia]

I once stood directly under a reactor pressure vessel, in the only nuclear power plant that was never put into operation and is now a kind of museum. It is located in Austria.

[@nicky9499]

Tom Scott has done a video about it, from a couple years back

[@leonbongers6004]

Kalkar Germany is also never power up.

[@buckyV]

Cheers to Fred and the team, y’all truly are the #1 channel for construction

[@L17_8]

God sent His son Jesus to die for our sins on the cross. This was the ultimate expression of God's love for us. Then God raised Jesus from the dead on the third day. Please repent and turn to Jesus and receive Salvation now before it is too late. The end times written about in the Bible are already happening in the world. Jesus loves you ❤️ but time is almost up.

[@gecho194]

Before SMRs can be fully adopted they have to uh you know ... exist.

[@1968Christiaan]

Yeh the only company that actually got half way to making one went bankrupt with the explanation " it was just too expensive". Very honest, if a little late.

[@anuvisraa5786]

they exist are used in submarines, ice breakers, and aircraft carriers

[@gecho194]

@@anuvisraa5786 bespoke military reactors are not SMRs.

[@anuvisraa5786]

@@gecho194 they are small (lest that 100 mw) they are modular (several ships have more than one) and they are reactors so

[@keeganplayz1875]

You'd think a smaller modular reactor design would be more cost effective....but..they are actually more expensive to research and develop + test....😅

[@licencetoswill]

it's not physics that negates nuclear power, it's economics. And that is unfortuantely evident when billions of dollars and a decade or two are required not just for construction but decommissioning. It is up to 400% more expensive than renewables plus storage, and has a lower up-time, thanks to frequent re-fuelling. we have a long way to go to make it cheap and safe, not to say we shouldn't be researching it.

[@TobiKellner]

Did you just say that Slovakia was formerly part of the USSR?

[@gryff8400]

Yes he did. Slovakia was part of Czechoslovakia which was part of the Warsaw pact. USSR was something else and also part of the Warsaw pact. Did you expect accuracy on KZbin?

[@HelloHi-g2u]

Same thing lol no country in the poop pact had any free will whatsoever.

[@MichalBrat]

@@HelloHi-g2u Sure, that is why they had to literally invade several of them (1956, 1968...) because they were the same thing, right?

[@Gecmajster123456]

do you UNDERSTAND that Slovakia was ruled by the Soviets???

[@MichalBrat]

@@Gecmajster123456 it WAS NOT, no matter how much you SHOUT. Czechoslovakia was under heavy influence of the USSR, but was never ruled by the Soviets, whoever that is in your understanding of the history.

[@jaskij]

It's old news, but if you had to pick an old Soviet reactor decomissioning to cover, why not Ignalina? It has the additional fun fact of being only a small update to the Chernobyl design.

[@krashd]

Ignalina predates Chernobyl so how could it be an update?

[@jaskij]

@@krashd Ignalina predates the Chernobyl disaster, not the plant.

[@calcog5716]

Ignalina got decomissioned

[@davidbrain283]

It powered the entire of Slovakia for 5 years just one nuclear reactor?? Holy cow!!

[@xEddy3013x]

The segue into the sponsor read was in really bad taste. Did not appreciate it

[@erikziak1249]

1:55 Correction. Slovakia was never a part of the USSR, not even when in Czechoslovakia, which was also never part of the USSR. Check what you are saying!

[@krashd]

Just as you should check for similar comments before adding to the bloat.

[@erikziak1249]

@@krashd Since when do I need to check other comments?

[@TomUlcak]

I'll have to say goodbye. I've realized that your channel is ideological posing as science. Have a good life...

[@CFG39]

Just curious why certain things like the cooling towers couldn’t be reused with a new power plant unless they were also in poor condition. Seems like certain things were destroyed just to destroy it.

[@toggleton6365]

My guess would be that different NPP designs need different cooling towers to operate optimal. And it seems unlikely that they rebuild a VVER design. And newer designs with a higher power output will likely be to much for a VVER 400 cooling tower.

[@martinm8380]

They were in poor condition. Chunks of concrete missing visible corroded rebar cracks etc. You could not see it in video but you could in real life.

[@jfmezei]

In modern era, one disadvantage of nuclear reactors is their inability to rapidly adjust to demand/supply (for instance ramp down when solar/wind produce enough to supply the load and quickly ramp back up when wind dies down and the sun sets).

[@spacecube8561]

so, unreliability of solar and wind is the problem, then?

[@joshgardner4879]

it's called 'base load' and you need it

[@luc_libv_verhaegen]

@@joshgardner4879 Easy, buy grid level battery storage. You can buy 88GWh worth of expensive tesla megapacks for the price of building one EDF EPR. And that's before that reactor has had uranium fuel loaded, with all the costs that entails. This is about a years worth of battery storage production today, but this production capacity increases by 2/3rds every year since 2017.

[@juimymary9951]

@@luc_libv_verhaegen the problem with that is that we don’t have batteries that are cheap enough and energy efficient enough to be used on an industrial scale… pumped hydro is working pretty well, but unless cheap solid state batteries become a thing they won’t be happening any time soon.

[@jfmezei]

@@joshgardner4879 Hydro Québec is able to dynamically adjust its hydro electroc production based on how much solar/wind bring into the grid. By turning off turbines, it keeps water in the reservoir for later when it is used. The perverse: HQ normally exports to the USA. But when the USA has surpkus, because their "base load" can,t dynamically adjust (coal, nuclear, though natural gas can be adjusted quickly depending on design), the don't know what to do with surplus, so Hydro Québec buys the surplus for dirt cheap while tring off its own turbines and keep water in reservurs, Later, when tghe USa needs power, HQ will release that water to provide more power and sell it to USA. Where base load cannot be dynamically adjusted, it is useless to have renewables because you don't save anything as your base load continues to produce.

[@AriHD]

I'm always waiting for the smooth transition to the sponsor😂

[@BRACHANET]

Im from Slovakia, and now new goverment is making a project for new Nuclear power plant on place where Bohunice were, and it should be similar small modular reactors like that one at the end of the video.

[@kpakaify]

Thanks for comment. Do you know who will build it?

[@etelabaloghova6711]

@@kpakaify The new block of the nuclear power plant should have an output of approximately 1,200 megawatts. Due to the lack of resources in the state budget, the government will have to proceed with the construction of the reactor in the form of a PPP project. According to him, a private investor in such cases demands a guaranteed purchase price of electricity for decades.

[@1968Christiaan]

@@kpakaify According to Wikipedia : Decision made in May 2009 -manufacturer not yet decided.... "Four manufacturers have been mooted as possible suppliers: Mitsubishi, Atomenergoprojekt, Westinghouse and Areva"

[@luc_libv_verhaegen]

@@1968Christiaan Westinghouse went bankrupt in 2017, which is why they cancelled the VC summers project. They recently got sold again for just 7.9B EUR, which is about a third of what it would cost to build one of their reactors... Areva and the nuclear part of Mitsubishi is now Framatom. Which would have been bankrupt for building an EPR in Olkiluoto if they had not been majority owned by EDF, aka the French state. So really good point.

[@macjonte]

Sweden set aside money for the very produced kWh for the dismantle instead of subsidy nuclear.

[@bretwebber7484]

Wazzup from Hanford site 😊!

[@aurorajones8481]

We have lost so much ditching this technology. And those who know know it was done for industry, money and power. Not for the human good.

[@1968Christiaan]

No it was done for the economics and public interest.

[@erik7853]

Small mistake that i spotted at 1:58, The other 6 reactors are also soviet, and 4 of them stay running with 2 of them under construction again.

[@jfobear1953]

It is unlikely that “small” reactors will be adopted. They are still too expensive and take too long to be installed and permitted. Also to be taken into account are the hazards of mining and refining the fuel.

[@stickynorth]

LOL.... FUD MONSTER ALERT!

[@stickynorth]

Wrong. They are affordable enough to be deployed now. Why aren't you asking to kill Coal when it kills WAY MORE PEOPLE??????? REALLY... Talk about misplaced priorities...

[@toggleton6365]

@@stickynorth Then ask NuScale what happened to their project in Ohio that already got quite a big Subsidy by the Inflation reduction act. And the likely hood of SMR projects going big overprice is not low. The fun part is that they are already overpriced when calculating with full load. But with so cheap Solar power pushing into the market the load will need to adjust and the price per kWh will rise even more. And we should have reached peak coal already where the worldwide consumption will go down. Battery storage prices already dropping quite a lot sooner than expected. The next years will mean big changes in the energy system.

[@rustix3]

1:46 "being decommissioned for a different reason". But it was because of joining EU, which had as you already mentioned at 1:37 "new regulations"

[@brabecjakub]

Slovensko! Rozebírají reaktory i vládu :D

[@artofcr1mson]

je to tak

[@JanNovak-pg8oe]

A-1 se rozebírá od roku 1977. Kolik bylo mezitím vlád? 😀

[@brabecjakub]

@@JanNovak-pg8oe slovensko bylo divoký dycky!

[@conradharcourt8263]

I'm obviously missing something: why is it not possible to re-use parts of these structures to house modern reactors? The buildings seem sound and the sites obviously are already linked to the grid. That said it seems strange to me to see what in the video look like blocks of flats a few dozen metres from the reactor building!

[@kallekangasmaki311]

The blocks of flats are probably support buildings, NPPs need a lot of offices and other non-industrial working spaces, too. Some powerplants have in integrated directly to the powerplant itself, but not all/most. The reasons not to reuse the buildings are numerous, but probably the biggest once are safety and economics. While the building is in good condition most likely, it can easily be 40-50 years old which isn't new for any building. Most modern reactors are meant to be used up to 60-80 years and the building is hard to modernize once it's build. Also, every reactor is unique to some extent, and fitting a newer reactor to an old building would cost a ton, limit the design, and just building it inside the old building could be almost impossible due to how large (up to 500 ton components) and how complex it would be. Using an old building for a new reactor would probably force a slightly lower standard of safety in the new reactor, compared to using a new bulding. Also a more minor problem is the activation of materials by neutron radiation, outside the pressure vessel it's usually only minor, but depending on the reactor type, this could still be a large portion of the containment building. This isn't a problem as is, but does cause higher doses for workers. My knowledge isn't so much in the engineering, but in radiation protection.

[@KarlKarpfen]

For a pressurized water reactor 30 years is as old as 5 years is for a car: not even half the life it has The design lifetime of 40 years for reactors from the 60s and 70s was based on extremely conservative estimates on neutron radiation embrittlement of steel. They chose an estimate that was sufficiently conservative to still meet or exceed the design life. The actual safe operational lifetime of pressurized and boiling water reactors is, so far, unknown, but definitely above 80 years.

[@GazMoby]

Very enjoyable as always 👍

[@zapfanzapfan]

B1M, now also number one channel for deconstruction 🙂

[@kentslocum]

Ah, yes...because fine art will be more valuable in an emergency than an operating power plant. 😂

[@lawrencefrost9063]

This was SUPERB. I took many screenshots for myself for example 5:00 and 6:45

[@asimoford4994]

Soviet made things may not be the best but they are always long lasting & reliable...

[@ProgrammerInProgress]

Enjoyable video, also really happy to see the editing has gone back to visually pleasing smooth and bouncy transitions, and that horrible glitchy aesthetic has fallen out of fashion. I actually watched this one instead of just listening to it.

[@7om3k]

Slovakia wasn't in the USSR!

[@lgarestrada]

It was invaded by the Soviet Union in 1968.

[@AntaurySan]

@@lgarestrada Doesn't make any difference. It was still part of independent country of Czechoslovakia. Highly influenced by Soviets, but not part of USSR.

[@MitzvosGolem1]

CZ was ...

[@jet_novice9901]

It was part of the eastern block with a Soviet puppet state style government

[@vejet]

Small modular reactors are simply not cost effective on a per MW basis and unlikely to ever see widespread adaptation. The future is still large scale nuclear and renewables with battery storage.

[@rustix3]

0:55 "much cleaner than fossil fuels ... there's a drive to build more powerplants" Unfortunately no drive in World's 3rd economy: Germany 😢As far as I remember when they agreed to stop all nuclear powerplants, they started digging and consuming more coal, because green party wanted to stop nuclear power

[@toggleton6365]

are we talking about 2002 nuclear stop or fukushima based stop in 2009? 2009 was CDU and FDP. greens have been not in the government at that time. And the plan of the greens was to accelerate renewables a lot more than the CDU ruled government did in their 16years. The coal consumption in Germany was mostly steady since 2000 till 2018. With some heavy winters more and some years less. And is right now as low as it was in 1956. At the same time as the last nuclear reactors have been shut down and gas prices have been used as weapon by putin. Would it be better to get rid of coal first sure but this was a development that fueled a lot of discussions nearly every year. So it is what it is. Fokus now on getting the co2 emissions down of the country instead of repeating the discussion again. Enough work to do.

[@spacecube8561]

@@toggleton6365 shutting down coal power plants instead of nuclear power plants would've gotten germany's co2 emmisions preety low. i mean, just sayin'

[@rustix3]

@@toggleton6365 I was talking about the recent event, the full stop under the traffic light coalition

[@speedmullen]

Spotted a Jacobs Engineering Hard hat during that video!

[@BullwinkleFFMn]

It seems strange to smash the blocks of the containment walls into "rubble". It would seem easier to contain a radioactive block than a pile of powder. I guess powder is cheaper to deal with.

[@petriepretorius4085]

this is interesting... lesson to learn, when you design something that you are going to build, do it with the end in mind, to make decommissioning easier and cheaper...that complicates the design phase, but makes it better...but will it make the quality of the build better or worse? design better...thank you Fred, for yet another good one...

[@JeanJuliusVernal]

Interesting watch. Absolutely true, modern practices like digital twins, data analytics, and stakeholder engagement play pivotal roles in the effective design and management of modern nuclear power plants. They are essential for ensuring safe, sustainable, and economically efficient operations throughout the asset lifecycle-from initial design and construction to operational management, aging care, and eventual decommissioning.

[@matthewlewis5631]

5:14 some gardener in 100 years is going to exclaim “where the fuck did all this concrete come from!? Fucking lazy builders!” 😂

[@---nt5mb]

The economics of Nuclear fusion just don‘t add up, they never add in the cost of end storage of all that nuclear waste or the cost of dismantling a plant. Its also doesn‘t complement solar or wind energy, as you cannot switch it on or off for a few hours like coal, oil or gas peaker systems, which people claim it will replace. Its on all the time creating energy that is more expensive than solar or wind and therefore pushing the cost of all energy up for the end user, as we cannot say today I just want energy from wind power, its always in the mix and so is the price. And when its off for say maintenance, its off for months so then what do we do at night when wind and solar is down. Invest the same money in wind solar ,hydro, geothermal and storage ( there are now loads of options to suit every location) and you will have a more stable, cheaper and reliable solution without any of the risks.

[@Behemoth29]

Today I learned that Slovakia was part of USSR.

[@acceleratedsloth]

The video is missing a key piece of information that there was a nuclear accident in 1977 (INES 4) in this powerplant.

[@GeekyMedia]

Awesome video. I wonder if we'll be doing the same in a few decades to our current power sources...? - Maybe one to answer on the podcast

[@SiggyPony]

We have non in my country. Saddness :( It's frustrating how demonised nuclear power is and how much of the anti nuclear stuff is misinformation and fear mongering

[@JohnnyWednesday]

If it can be done to nuclear power? imagine what else is similarly demonized

[@Suburp212]

Cool review.

[@mrikoantal]

"formerly part of the USSR" - If you can't get basic European history right, I can't help but wonder what else you're getting wrong.

[@ShadowebEB]

A lot, but don't take this as a historical channel or anything else than construction channel. It doesn't really matter if he gets some fact wrong on a specific construction project, just look at it as entertainment.

[@Kodakcompactdisc]

You seem to be outraged.

[@jeffer1101]

Regarding safety concerns, another option would be to use the CANDU design. It is more expensive, mostly due to its heavy water moderator, but was designed to be a safer reactor design from the start. It has many other advantages, including the types of fuel that can be used with it and the fact it is almost impossible for a "meltdown" scenario if anything fails. It is also a design that could be used for countries that can benefit from the production of power without having access to weapons grade fissile materials.

[@toggleton6365]

It is more expensive When the current designs already struggle to produce electricity for a competitive price then building an even more expensive design in 10years will not survive on the market without big Government help.

[@tomarmadiyer2698]

​@@toggleton6365 Right? Because all infrastructure is completely privately funded. We can't take money away from the next Sports Dome. Or from arms developers. Nah, it's too expensive, we can't be better. We love our shite sammiches.

[@tomarmadiyer2698]

If not candu, then maybe someone can start thorium runs

[@MassiveBuild]

Dismantling a nuclear reactor is a complex process: Shutdown: The reactor is powered down, and all nuclear fuel is removed. Cooling: The reactor and its components are allowed to cool down to reduce radioactivity levels. Decontamination: Radioactive surfaces are cleaned or removed to protect workers and the environment. Disassembly: The reactor is taken apart piece by piece. Highly radioactive parts are handled with special care. Waste Management: Radioactive materials are safely packaged and transported to storage or disposal facilities. Site Cleanup: The area is cleaned and restored for other uses once it’s free from radiological hazards. what do you think?!

[@WolfhuntFayed]

The EU was stupid - both WWER reactors in Bohunice were of much different design compared to Chernobyl design., which was reactor places in a deep pool of water. WWER reactrs are pressurized and concealed.

[@Powertampa]

Every commercial reactor design that was produced in numbers had a decommissioning plan when it was built, despite what it might seem like. This is universal across the world and maybe even more true for some earlier designs that were not of the quality that would instill the confidence they would not have to take the whole thing apart again. They messed a lot of things up back then, but they did make plans for what to do at the end of the working life of the reactor. Just under different standards and concerns compared to nowadays. Doesn't mean you couldn't still do it that way, heck some actually still do despite the protest of the IAEA.

[@ledorf]

All hail former Soviet republic of Slovakia!

[@nwmacguy]

VVER-440s are good for 60 years with a reactor pressure vessel annealing at the 30 year mark. Finland and others have done this with their VVER-440s.

[@toggleton6365]

This is about a specific version of the VVER 400 that got removed. Newer version of VVER 400 and 1000 are fine. Guess this specific version has cut corners and has not the needed safety systems build in. And likely is not build to have the safety features added later.

[@cerithjones9473]

2:40 tryna figure out the name of that theme recognize it from loads of vids like this

[@tintin_999]

It would be cool if the B1M team could do a video on the Transformational Challenge Reactor and its Yttrium Hydride moderator. This could be a real enabling technology for SMRs that do not use water as a moderator and coolant. For example Helium, heavy Nitrogen, Lead, or molten salt cooled reactors. Until now water cooled reactors had an advantage over these types as they had the best moderator, the hydrogen in the water. But Yttrium Hydride contains as much hydrogen and is stable as a solid to well over 1000 degrees Celsius.

[@Mar_Ten]

I wonder how the contamination got everywhere. Most reactors are closed loop and I thought the fuel would stay in the rods.

[@gery4870]

What is the song name at 4:57 and 5:16 which is being played in the back ground ? ? Thanks :)

[@NotALot-xm6gz]

Is the answer “Because they were built by the Soviets and you have be really careful taking them apart”?

[@jcramond73]

Molten Salt reactors are the way to go.

[@stephenbrickwood1602]

All nuclear electricity is grid electricity. The grid is extremely expensive. 100% electricity and no CO2 emissions is economically impossible.

[@bearcubdaycare]

Decommissioning a nuclear plant can be expensive. Building a new one is expensive. Small modular has been around as long as nuclear submarines, but hasn't yet gotten any less expensive. And nuclear power uses lots of water (half of France's total water withdrawals, for instance, thus a less good choice in dry areas, or even areas with heavily subscribed water, or even France if it ever progresses to 100% of France's energy source). For some places, nuclear seems like a clear good choice (like northerly Finland with its extensive coast). Elsewhere, photovoltaics have gotten so cheap as to make them the cheapest even when cloudy. And wind keeps getting cheaper and quieter, and even viable in tiny quiet turbines on buildings. I wish that the nuclear power industry had done a better job on costs over the decades, but it hasn't. Very unfortunate. But we have only so much money.

[@maximvf]

No domestic tech to refuel and maintain the system. Imported tech is expensive beyond imagination. Decommission seems feasible at this point.

[@randomchannel1712]

WWERs are extremely safe, that is just politics taking action, these reactors are no RBMKs and they don't go boom, can work for many many many more than 30years

[@toggleton6365]

this it about the VVER 400 and only a specific version of it that got removed. Newer version of VVER 400 and 1000 are still running in the EU. Guess this specific version has cut corners and has not the needed safety systems build in.

[@o-anonium8653]

Germany turning all their reactors off went really well huh?

[@matthewgray5420]

This conveniently come out after a week of public debate in Australia over nuclear plants

[@cgsdesigns441]

That looks like it would explode in 2 seconds.

[@АгронДепартье]

What’s the point of destroying steam tanks if the guy doesn’t wear any protection- why not reuse them ?

[@krashd]

Would wearing protection make them reusable?

[@neondemon5137]

wery wery carefully

[@L17_8]

God sent His son Jesus to die for our sins on the cross. This was the ultimate expression of God's love for us. Then God raised Jesus from the dead on the third day. Please repent and turn to Jesus and receive Salvation now before it's too late. The end times written about in the Bible are already happening in the world. Jesus loves you so much ❤️ but time is almost up.

[@Thefox0922]

@@L17_8what does that have to do with nuclear reactors

[@djremotion2]

Skip the 3:30 - 4:40 parts. They are just commercial for something else. B1M dude is coming too soave, pushing these over minute long adds in the middle. Not a fan.

[@bobcharlotte8724]

Here in Japan, we don't decommission reactors, we just extend their life. What could go wrong? (I'm being ironic)

[@daniellaraman]

I’m gonna answer the question without watching the video the reason for this is because of a major flaw in the soviet reactor design most notably Chernobyl

[@angry1788]

Where HAS a small modular reactor been adopted?

[@JollyOldCanuck]

Canada has signed contracts for the construction of SMRs in Ontario starting in 2025.

[@mr-7776]

Disappointed on the execution of that advertisement; possibly it does meet you tubes standards and there is a small logo on the left hand side at the start of the video, however to work it into the script in such a way is very misleading. I would expect better from a channel with such high quality content.

[@11jdstein]

I’m interested in your take on why most power plants continue to use the same old technology to generate power: steam to turn a turbine. What other technologies are available?

[@toggleton6365]

cause it is a proven design. We know how to make a stable power grid out of steam. heat source does not matter. In the future will it be interesting as Solar power and wind turbines usually follow the heartbeat of the grid with a high renewables grid you need to do grid forming a different way.

[@gmhs2]

It's the most efficient method, and the simplest to set up. Make no mistake though, modern day steam turbines are immensely complex machines that hold and generate massive amounts of power, a single turbine unit can generate nearly a gigawatt alone in larger plants.

[@iambrian769]

This might be controversial but why don't they consider a planet for disposal like Venus given its atmosphere.

[@toggleton6365]

Quite easy we have not reached a 100Percentage success rate of Rocket starts. And we have a lot Nuclear waste. To move all that into space you would have a not small chance of an rocket exploding and making nuclear waste rain. So just moving it underground where the underground is very stable is way more safe bet for the future.

[@cappuccino-1721]

I thought the VVER reactors were safer than the RBMK reactors?

[@toggleton6365]

in this it is the VVER 400 and only a specific version of it that got removed. Newer version of VVER 400 and 1000 are still running in the EUj

[@NyznTvfk]

this reminded me of Günter Walraff 's Ganz Unten.

[@denisemckinlay4783]

how radio active was this waste? and how far away from it before it equals background radioactivity? I only ever hear that it is radioactive, so is my dads wrist watch.

[@Coz131]

So if we take into account the 1.3B clean-up, isn't nuclear power very expensive?

[@rapierian]

With big reactors, yes. The small modular reactors briefly mentioned, no: Most of them 1. Run off thorium instead of Uranium (much cheaper) 2. Run with salt instead of water (no high pressure == no explosion risk) 3. separate fission components as they're running (i.e. instead of making nuclear waste they make useful nuclear byproducts, such as the stuff we use in cancer treatments)

[@milneman101]

Although its an added cost, on a cost per mw generated basis nuclear is consistently around $80 all in all, although wind and solar will be cheaper, nuclear is still cheaper than some offshore wind farms, geothermal and hydropower sources, on a cost per mwh basis

[@xxwookey]

The decommissioning cost is something like 5% of the total lifetime plant cost - so there is generally a 0.06 cent charge per kWh to cover decommissioning (on a generation price of 10 cents/kWh). So it's a cost, but not a large one. Nuclear power _is_ relatively expensive (more than twice the price of wind or solar) but it has a completely different generation profile (steady all winter) and that has value. If storage gets cheap enough, much of the value in expensive nuclear generation evaporates, but some countries just do not have much local renewable resource, so in those places nuclear remains attractive if only for energy independence reasons.

[@james3876]

​@@milneman101Offshore windfarms play havoc with underwater acoustics. They're cruel and dangerous for underwater wild life that depend on sound to navigate, such as whales.

[@Patrick-y4d1z]

@@rapierian Thorium reactors are about 80% of the cost of Uranium reactors. That's still very, very expensive and just not needed.

[@toivopirttimaki9156]

replace the old one with the new one what is broken replace the reactor part with a new reactor

[@1968Christiaan]

If you are looking at the prices for "building a new one" the numbers just are not on your side. The market has killed-off nuclear... not "fearfull greens".

[@Patrick-y4d1z]

Why? A single nuclear reactor would cost about £30 billion.Which would provide solar panels for approximately 5,000,000 homes. There are about 30,000,000 homes in the UK. So instead of 1 nuclear plant, you could give solar panels to about 1/6th of the entire country - offsetting the need for nearly as much additional energy sources in the first place.

[@toggleton6365]

nuclear has a steady output solar has sun hours. Would better calculate with PV and battery in a big enough size. But the example is still great. Maybe you can still give PV plus battery to 1/15 of UK.

[@JohnnyWednesday]

@@Patrick-y4d1z - But then less money would go to the energy companies? I don't see how we're going to afford to bribe politicians as much as the energy companies can.

[@Patrick-y4d1z]

@@toggleton6365 The solar has far lower potential risk, far easier to integrate into existing infrastructure and would give the power back to the people. Reducing bills from the start. It would also make us richer. That 5,000,000 homes would effectively shave about £750-1000 per year from their bills. Imagine if each household every year had an extra £750 - 1000. How would that help in things like stimulating the economy? More spending means more jobs.

[@ericpaulgoldie]

waste storage aka burry it for a future generation to worry about, woops

[@mattx3020]

nuke is cleaner than solar and wind too

[@estimatingonediscoveringthree]

Where does all that contaminated material and gear go? Who pays for the clean up

[@xxwookey]

Into an appropriate low-level or high-level nuclear waste store, as explained in the video. One useful feature of radioactive pollution is that it naturally decays so if you leave it for long enough it stops being harmful. Most other harmful waste does not have this 'self-improving' property. There is typically 100:1 ratio between low-level waste and high-level waste. Requirements for storing the latter are strict and most countries still only have temporary stores due to failing to chose sites for permanent ones. Finland is a notable exception.

[@estimatingonediscoveringthree]

@@xxwookey for how long, who pays for maintenance ? How long is the longest running repository been in operation (historical data)

[@xxwookey]

@@estimatingonediscoveringthree You don't 'maintain' a permanent waste storage facility. You fill it up (over several decades), backfill it and leave it. So there is no attached cost once it's full/closed.

[@estimatingonediscoveringthree]

@@xxwookey lol! Yes you do! Name one that isn’t maintained!!

[@xxwookey]

@@estimatingonediscoveringthree I'm only aware of one (Onkalo) and it's only just been opened so of course it's not full yet, so it's a long way from entering the 'completed and no longer maintained' state. Are we perhaps talking at cross purposes, and you are talking about temporary storage sites rather than permanent ones?

[@haralamc]

This is the illuminate manufacturing the energy crisis

[@PiggyFuktoy]

WHAT ??!!!?? Nuclear plants that are 30, 30 !!!, years old are PAST their expected lifespan !!!????!!!

[@Ordinary-_-Guy]

Yeah so the companies profit from the plant then the people have to pay billions to clean it up. Typical.