Why You Shouldn’t Use Supercritical CO2 for Carbonating Water

[@Beyondthepress]

I have already the next part also filmed! This is the createst culinary invention since sliced bread!

[@WoodworkerDon]

Burp!

[@opossom1968]

Ice has multiple states, under pressure. Try to contain water that is being frozen, the more pressure it is under the different states (phases) the ice can be in. When subjected to increasing pressure, ice can exist in multiple distinct phases, known as "ice states," each with a unique crystalline structure, with the most common being the familiar ice IH (hexagonal) at normal atmospheric pressure, while higher pressures create different ice phases like ice II, III, V, VI, VII, and even a high-pressure phase called ice X, where the water molecules are highly compressed and arranged differently depending on the pressure and temperature conditions. This would be an interesting experiment that you are capable of duplicating. Let's see if you can build a chamber to contain ice as it freezes and changes phase.

[@ImRandomDude]

Since we have flu and cold season, hand pressed ginger shots+hot water (with garlic hand press) helped me to get well. Could you extract Ginger 3000? Ginger shot made out of 3000 grams?

[@gth042]

...We've seen extruded bread. It's gonna have to be better than that. 😄

[@thomashenden71]

Excuse me for having the suspicion that the soda companies may not follow exactly this recipe to carbonate their drinks! 😄

[@gelvy-q2f]

This is some remarkable footage. The water spilling into the supercritical fluid was really interesting.

[@Beyondthepress]

I also realised when editing that the stuff floating on top water was liquid co2 that ended there during the super critical phase. That was something new :D

[@legitscoper3259]

it really looked like it being in slow motion in real time

[@MeriaDuck]

I think I may have seen it once before on KZbin. Found it, that was THIRTEEN years ago 😂. I'm getting old, geez 👴

[@Piasecznik72]

@@MeriaDuck It was used by Applied Science channel to create aerogel and also same chamber Nilered borowed for his experiment.

[@gelvy-q2f]

​@@Beyondthepress I thought there was going to be an interaction that could go some ways to explaining the fogginess as well. So it was a water and co2 sandwich, with two states of matter. I wonder how many times that has existed, let alone be filmed.

[@zipp4everyone263]

As a Swede i always love it when this guy speaks swedish

[@aleisterlavey9716]

Always keep a Finland distance from Russia. Clever swedes 😂😂😂

[@TheVoiTube]

They don't know enough swedish. Thou it's secondary language in Finland few actually speak it. Therefore they speak it slow and steady.

[@xbm41]

@@TheVoiTube very false

[@chrisj2848]

Awesome. I never would have thought I'd get to see these CO2 phase changes for real. Much more fun then the phase diagram!

[@longman4364]

nilered also has a video of it

[@test-rj2vl]

Yea, if schools invited those guys to give physics lesson then students would actually attend class and remember the explanation until end of life.

[@Ole_CornPop]

Just look up Nile Red making aerogel, he also has some other super critical fluid episodes on his Nile Blue channel.

[@christiannorf1680]

In our physical chemistry lab course we had a device with a window and a hand wheel to crank up the pressure. We started with a chamber of gas that started condensing when increasing pressure. Coming close to the critical point it became cloudy and when pushed over it, it looked like it was boiling and the phase boundry just disappeared. That was probably the most amazing experiment I have ever seen with my own eyes. It was sulfur hexafluoride though instead of CO2. The task was to identify the gas by its critical point.

[@Si-Al-Ti]

Codyslab also has a nice one, and of course Ben at applied science :)

[@Piasecznik72]

Carbonated water turns into carbon acid. It is usually weak and decompose in time but supercritical CO2 is something different. Prepare PH strips for next test and find out.

[@Stuff_said_]

It’s carbonic acid

[@christopherfassett9973]

Only a very small amount of DCO₂ converts into carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), the rest remains dissolved in solution as CO₂[aq]. It's primarily the CO₂[aq] that causes the reaction we know as carbonation (though the carbonic acid does play a small part). The CO₂ dissolves into the water as a function of Henry's Law (based on pressure and concentration) and when it's above the equilibrium that would normally dissolve into water at ambient atmospheric concentrations (resulting in about 0.5 ppm DCO₂) it's a supersaturated solution. The excess CO₂ will gradually diffuse out of solution, but when nucleation sites are introduced, it can boil out of solution rapidly. Rough surfaces have lots of nucleation sites, and our tongues are extremely rough, with tiny pits all over the surface that our taste buds sit inside.

[@Adam-nv9zo]

These videos never get old. The footage you got in this one was great.

[@MartysRandomStuff]

Wild to see the opaque "phase" be so dramatic that they thought the lamp had gone out. You only get that smokey look when cooling the chamber back down. I did this in a small 1 inch diameter chamber a few years ago, so cool to see it on a larger scale.

[@juggala]

This is definitely one of the most interesting comments

[@BenAlternate-zf9nr]

I'm guessing the supercritical phase condenses into a dense fog of micro-droplets throughout the chamber, making it opaque, before eventually settling down into a bulk liquid.

[@frgmntTOB]

Well done. I am really astonished that the small LED-light survived the pressure change. Especially the LiPo-cell.

[@danmackintosh6325]

That and the temperature extremes also. Good quality light.

[@aidanstarke8303]

I trust your design implicitly but heating that with a huge propane burner just felt wrong to watch lol

[@Beyondthepress]

It felt also wrong to do. Not sure did this information the viewing experience any better, probably not :D

[@laurahaaima1436]

I was terrified!

[@stevestarcke]

@@Beyondthepress I loved it. Your flair for the dramatic is one of the best things about your channel. Flame on!

[@Ole_CornPop]

​@Beyondthepress the butterfly valve would explode before the container. Just make sure its not pointed at anything you want to stay in one piece or important. 😂

[@massminer2343]

Considering it can take 300 bar 70 is nothing but yeah you're right it made me feel wrong

[@bobthecomputerguy]

Remember that old "mentos" thing with diet coke? Do that with some super-carbonated water.

[@savagesarethebest7251]

I am quite sure that they uses diet coke just because it doesn't contain sugar and it is not sticky so it can be cleaned up easier. But the sugar might also slow down the reaction a bit, perhaps.

[@stauntssantana]

​@@savagesarethebest7251The sugar indeed thickens the liquid and thus slightly slows down the reaction. This is why sugar free carbonated liquids feel fizzier than their sugar containing counterparts.

[@nathanblacketer3980]

​@@savagesarethebest7251I think he's suggesting using water that's been supercarbonated instead of using a soda. No sticky mess then, aside from maybe some sugars from the Mentos themselves 👍🏻.

[@midwestchem368]

This really is the best video to visualize supercritical carbon dioxide. Other videos have shown this but this one i feel shows it the best. Seeing mie supercritical mixture float around like it was a liquid was just beautiful!

[@hoodedferret]

11:50 This was honestly a life-changing experience. I've never seen a supercritical fluid from this kind of view with other objects within the fluid. Having the glass of water in there was so smart and it's incredible to see the boundary disappear with the light bending while the cup's water boundary remains. Also I didn't realize how much I needed to hear American slang from a Finn, immediate sub.

[@emotrashcracja5305]

wasnt expecting the light to seemingly turn into 5 individual holograms at around 13:00 to 15:00 is it being diffused by the gas and catching the reflection on the side of the glass? whats causing it? whatd happen if they put some coloured LEDs in there?

[@bearb1asting]

And all I did was scream "NO, NO, NO! DO NOT SHAKE THE 1K PSI BOMB"

[@daveangels]

I never thought i would see a tripple point. I mean you learn about it in school, but seeing it is so weird.😮

[@JohnSmith-b4w]

Triple point and supercritical transition in one experiment!

[@asbestosfibers1325]

I see this in refrigeration sight glasses almost daily. Its supreme

[@dougalbyrne2817]

Glad you made it to the end! When you started to let pressure out quickly I was worrying that you may suffocate. It doesn't take much to black you out, and when your on the deck its SOO much more concentrated!

[@HankHillspimphand]

co2 is pretty safe in a space like that because you tend to feel it. unlike helium or nitrogen. but yea better to be safe than sorry

[@chitlitlah]

CO2 makes you feel like you're out of breath. (An overabundance of it in your blood is what makes you feel like you're suffocating, not an absence of oxygen.) You need to be a little safe with it, but at least you're not just going to pass out without warning like you would with nitrogen and a lot of other gases.

[@MSusername69]

pretty sure the door behind them was open so it was fine.

[@bromisovalum8417]

Supercritical CO2 also makes for a great extraction solvent for certain plant constituents.

[@g60-grandpa]

CO² oil is far superior to BHO and Rick Simpson's oil. IYKYK

[@alexdrockhound9497]

caffeine is commonly extracted this way from coffee on huge industrial scales.

[@ml.2770]

Far out man.

[@lrrrruleroftheplanetomicro6881]

CO2 also extracts chlorophyll. Butane + Vacuum purge works better.

[@JohnSmith-b4w]

@@lrrrruleroftheplanetomicro6881 But then you lose all the volatile terpenes.

[@solanumtinkr8280]

Congratulations you made Carbonic Acid.. 🤗

[@lawdelpus]

Yes they did H2CO3 NileGreen would be proud

[@sum_rye_hash_321]

CO2 triple point observed! thats pretty epic 7:48

[@IkBenBenG]

Cody's Lab did similar experiments a while back, but at a much smaller scale. He was actually able to successfully carbonate honey, though iirc it required leaving it for several days in the high pressure CO2 atmosphere to get enough CO2 to dissolve in it for a meaningful amount of carbonisation.

[@stephenmartin8331]

Wishing the best for you two. I started watching just to see things smushed in the press, but there is something wonderful watching the two of you.

[@chevyinlinesix]

This is the best video I've seen of this. I've seen others, but much smaller quantities and not as clear.

[@BunnyKins1970]

If the liquid is getting that fizzy.....drop mentos into it or you're wasting everyone's time!!!! 💚🐇🐴💚

[@bstrickler]

THIS

[@jimsopinion9867]

Definitely a missed opportunity.

[@kelimike]

Do it!

[@sootikins]

Careful... that could create a WMD!

[@108gk]

Definitely do that outside.

[@charleswelch249]

The atmosphere in the container was nuts. It's like being on one of the moons of Saturn or something. Cool experiment.

[@Rostol]

oh wow, both the melting dry-ice and the supercritical co2 are two awesome things I've never seen, thanks !!!

[@jandastroy]

This is like the best example of mucking around and minding out. That was some super cool shots of the supercritical point!

[@mu11668B]

Ngl that fizzing on your hand looks crazily cool!

[@stevesmyth4982]

At 12:16, "or in some better substance", LMAO dude, it almost gave me flashbacks!

[@Tomsta17]

So in my youth days, we were pissing around with dry ice putting it in 0.5l coke bottles. We found it very unpredictable in how long it would take to build up pressure to the point of explosion so one day we decided to add some water to 'speed it up a bit'. My friend put the lid on and threw the bottle and I was like "no no Adam, it needs to be shaken a little". So I goes over to the bottle and pick it up to shake it. When I look at the coke bottle, I notice that it no longer had it's waisted curves. Instead it was smooth and bulging like the one in this video. Realizing what this means, I quickly move to throw it away from me and, just as it was leaving my (thankfully already opened) hand... I got a free hospital invite. One bloody hand with broken thumb later. This vide brings back these fond memories. I thank you :)

[@pipersall6761]

I like Hannahs very fancy headset. That was really cool when it looked like everything was distorting. Cool experiment! Good job.

[@pahom2]

We all seen supercritical CO2 on many other channels but here we see objects inside the liquid and it is really something extraordinary how light is bent and warp images of the things inside

[@omegahunter9]

That's the best visual I've ever seen of liquid CO2. All the chemical labs have terrible viewing ports, but this was great viewing. Thank you!

[@bartleyhudson9758]

Love you guys. ❤ You're so genuine and real.

[@skagit58]

This is really some amazing footage! The phase changes were so cool to watch. Thanks for sharing this!!!❤

[@kensturdivant4098]

You should try dropping mentos in the super carbonated water to see if it has the same reaction as diet coke.

[@dougp4637]

Was going to say the same.

[@Dazzwidd]

Put mentos in the pressure vessel when you're putting the dry ice in there. The gas will be confused what to do hehe

[@tiarkrezar]

Or just make overpressured coke to be sure

[@fakestory1753]

​​@@Dazzwiddmentos doesn't change equilibrium, so no effect inside the pressure chamber mentos basically do the same thing as his hand in 19:14

[@Dazzwidd]

@@fakestory1753 It sure confused you

[@brucekastel707]

Ever since I looked at the temperature/pressure charts showing the triple point in my 1966 thermodynamics class I've wondered what the substance would actually look like at the critical temperature. Thank you for finally revealing it to me!

[@jimsopinion9867]

Really want you to do this with less stuff in the chamber. I really want to see in greater detail the relationship between water and the CO2. It's difficult to see, but there was some odd stuff happening. Maybe even make another chamber with more viewing angles. This is the best content you have made, in my opinion.

[@Astroponicist]

You guys have such a fun channel. Thank you for another great episode. You never fail to entertain.

[@manuelh.4147]

@18:55 Lauri says it correctly, although it should be "acidic", then Hanna mis-corrects his pronunciation.

[@Speeder84XL]

Awesome stuff! I think the mist/fog problem might have something to do with water vapor/condensation - because when you shaked the chamber the water spilled out from the glass and got to the bottom of the chamber. That water then got mixed with the liquid CO2 once it turned back to liquid again, after being super critical. Next time if you try this with pepsi, you can try put a mentos in afterwards (stronger carbonation should give better reaction). You can do at least 2 glasses - so you always have an unmodified one to drink from as well, haha

[@Beutelwolf_1987]

Very interesting. Please do more experiments with the pressure chamber.👍

[@jeffbrandon7201]

This is great to see. Been a little difficult these past few weeks, and this is exactly the infotainment I needed.😊

[@jtjjbannie]

You made super carbonated water.

[@duncanfreeman5436]

wow that is some impressive pressure there, neat video!

[@msumungo]

I have worked with sCO2. Viton rubber sealing rings will at first absorb carbon dioxide, and then release it when pressure gets back to normal. The rubber rings will snap, crackle and pop like rice crispies.

[@HydraulicPressChannel]

I noticed that, the chamber started to leak slowly on second video. I need to replace those with some other material. Any suggestions?

[@msumungo]

@@HydraulicPressChannel For a seal material, not really. Viton and such FKM elastomers are often the go-to choice in these applications.I would also check out if the groove for the seal ring is actually right size for the ring. The fitting needs to be quite precise for the seal to work properly.

[@cyberGEK]

16:45 Really worried at about this point in the video if you were about to asphyxiate yourselves with the CO₂ level in the room obviously getting pretty high! 😄

[@scotishpatriot]

Me too.

[@wrongusername]

Beyond the press stuff is the best! great video once again

[@tehdudester]

"that looks like you are drunk... Or in some better substance... *Laughs*" HAHAHAHHA you got me good!!!! You surprised me with that one!!!! I knew I love you guys for a reason 🌳🌲🎄💚

[@daniellassander]

I have a few suggestions for the next attempt, what about cucumber, pear, a few slices of apple (the sweet kind) maybe banana too. I have high hopes for the cucumber, the skin will probably have to be removed first though. You can probably carbonate vodka too and a glass of wine.

[@AppliedCryogenics]

Wow, that was so crazy! I'm glad nobody died when you hit it with the propane torch!

[@vidstjepanvlahovic856]

you tricked not just us but your self as well with new intro :D welcome to the HIDARULIC PRESS CHANNEL is what we want to hear :D ......... KEEEEP on GUYS !

[@jimsopinion9867]

Welcome to the "F around and find out channel."

[@BenjaminMorin-qw1vg]

You have guts to heat the tube with propane burner 💀

[@hubble5703]

not the tube 😭

[@ColKorn1965]

This is the best channel on KZbin!!!!

[@zachreyhelmberger894]

Trippy stuff!! Stay safe!!

[@mjolio]

OMG YES! You're back with a crazy good idea, love it!!

[@paavobergmann4920]

We use something like that, only a lot smaller, for Critical Point Drying, and it is super fascinating to watch the chamber go supercritical, never gets old.

[@578mastin1]

@Beyondthepress You have one of the best shows on KZbin.. You have a lovely assistant too!

[@RuslanKashyrtsev]

Strangely enough, but a few days ago I saw a good supercritical CO2 demonstration on one of chemist's KZbin channel. The first thought was: "If only Lauri would do that, it would be a great video as he has far more powerful Deep Sea Chamber". And, "here we go" (c)! Bravo!

[@huzudra]

Speaking of high pressure things, do you think you could make a pressure vessel that can contain water when it freezes to ice without expanding or deforming?

[@thepenguin9]

There would be a core of supercooled water/air in the middle I'd imagine. That or the vessel deforms or simply ruptures along a seal/seam

[@EggBastion]

Thank you for the really cool and weird footages!

[@finnishWargamer97]

As avid magic mushroom enjoyjer I can confirm 11.39 looks like shroom visuals to me.

[@brandonbillow4214]

wow very interesting how the water is now like seltzer but more dramatic. Awesome experiment.

[@Dr_Kenneth_Noisewater]

We used to make dry ice (and Drain-o/Aluminum foil) "bombs" with 2L bottles all the time when I was in HS. Post-9/11 not so much. rip, fun.

[@lightningdemolition1964]

Forty years ago it was just "kids having fun,nobody got hurt" now its "youre goin to jail son"

[@108gk]

Fifty years ago we were making tennis ball cannons with old style soda cans and Zippo lighter fluid. Just harmless fun.

[@DoRullings]

Almost a inclined convection lines you can find under water where salt and fresh water meets, but don't mix. The light goes with different speed depending on the density of the liquid in the different layers and the light is being refracted. Ever tried to stick an oar or a long straight pole of some kind at an angle down into the water while sitting in a boat or on a pier and seen that it looks like it bends where it hits the water, light travels much slower through water than air. I think it's the same effect we see in the tank.

[@theo1113miller]

You did my favorite trick for kids, rigid ballons (two liter soda ballon) and dry ice or miratic acid and tin foil. True wonderful booms.

[@DarkwolfRedsoul]

Omg. Gröna kulor!!! I remember when i was a kid. Everytime someone we knew were taking the ferry to finland or Turku we asked them do buy some Gröna kulor from the tax free.

[@JohnSmith-b4w]

8:30 reminded me of Austin Powers Goldmember "I have a Finnish accent. Isn't that weird?"

[@Its2for1]

Man I need me a T-Shirt 5,000,000. IDK why but that gave me such a chuckle.

[@brendenirving7463]

I love how at 17:03 he takes a sip and spits it out like its poison and immediately is like “Try it” to Annie

[@blasley85]

What about if you put a steak in there, pressurized the camber with the press, then cooked it. Would it make it more tender?

[@infty1369]

i thoroughly enjoyed this.

[@dinkc64]

Seriously love this channel

[@herrkulor3771]

Also try salmiakki in there, normal with candy and salmiakki liquid. Ammoniak in water in there. Baking soda is of course always fun. It should give off CO2 but when there already is high pressure CO2 what happens.

[@OuyaWoelders-hi9bn]

13:32 i think the co2 is condensing and forming a fog, making the density of the liquid and gas come closer, thats why it doesnt slosh.

[@moefuggerr2970]

Looked like an old style science fiction move special effects.

[@lyndonallen3237]

You two have the best chemistry ever. ❤️❤️❤️

[@arvana]

Looking forward to the fuckarounding more!

[@alystair]

Never carbonate milk. It will only lead to regret.

[@Reptex_cs]

Very interesting, looking forward to more!!

[@yellingintothewind]

In supercritical fluids, the density of the gas phase and the density of the liquid phase are equal, so they are fully miscible. Additionally, the energy cost for transitioning between liquid and gas disappears, so it can transition between liquid and gas and back easily.

[@KnifeKnut]

The sword in the background gives me an idea. Try testing the hardness of hardened martensitic steel before after giving it this hyperbaric Carbon dioxide treatment. Probably nothing, especially compared to a liquid nitrogen bath, but you never know without trying

[@BigDipper907]

Lauri can add awesome mad scientist to his resume. Can’t wait to see what can be good as or better than sliced bread 🧐👍🏽🥶

[@wasufin]

13:27 no its just the heijastus😂

[@tontowmerlin5240]

Doing that outside of your bunker, but inside the shop has me questioning a few things. Especially after the warning about explosions.

[@herrkulor3771]

Add colorchanging indikatorfluids like bromtymolblått or tea, you know how chamomile tea turns dark when you make it sweet with honey and then lightens up again if you put lemon acid in it.

[@BriankSmith181]

In the navy i used to fill 5lb co2 cylinders,125lb tank upsidedown pumped from it to a 5lb hanging on a scale.

[@sootikins]

What does the Navy use 5lb co2 cylinders for? Fire suppression systems perhaps?

[@BriankSmith181]

@sootikins those are portable which if not grounded to the deck(sitting on it)you get an electrical zap,so its funny that there primary use is electronics.those powder ones corrode things really bad and obviously water is bad for that.

[@mirabilis]

I had no idea! Thanks for the heads-up! 🤣

[@wrekced]

A long time ago I put dry ice in a 2 liter bottle with some hot water, put the lid on tight and set it on a heavy plastic chair. The chair was a sturdy one bought surplus from a school. When it exploded, the chair was shredded! Dry ice in a closed container is super dangerous! Good thing you have the bunker.

[@bluecowairsoft8154]

They weren't even in the bunker😂

[@jamestappin4741]

I wonder what would happen if you dropped some sand into the water, would it release the gas almost instantly?

[@hectoris919]

If you do pepsi- you should make an extra one you can put a mentos in to see how high the foam goes compared to a regular bottle of pepsi

[@bradley-eblesisor]

I loved this. I am so glad that I clicked. I watch a lot of your stuff, though not everything. One does have to work😁

[@belushipumpkin]

You guys always make me smile.

[@Tom-Lahaye]

Really interesting and great to understand triple point and super critical better. Do the coke-mentos experiment with super carbonated Pepsi.

[@axllii]

Did you consider the strength of the steel at the temperatur of the CO2? The steel becomes brittle and changes characteristics at only -20 Celcius.

[@Beyondthepress]

It's not a problem since when the co2 is cool the pressure is low. So when it starts to get up to the pressure it's already warm. And this is designed for 300 bars with safety factor of 4 so all this is so low pressures that no need to even think about anything :D

[@axllii]

@@Beyondthepress Thanks for replying! Good Points! I didn't know the SF of the steel. There's no way this will explode at the pressure we're observing!

[@industrialcoder]

Good stuff, only seen one other video where you can actually watch co2 transition to super critical phase... Oddly enough, they also felt the need to keep shaking the vessel... Would be nice to actually just watch the surface of the liquid fade away with everything being all stirred up and moving around

[@jordanc8499]

NileRed did a great vid on supercritical fluid. This is the only sodastream I want

[@jjb2004mk2]

Will you ever rebuild the Smashinator?

[@JJFX-]

I carbonated a test batch of home brew by tossing in weighed chunks of dry ice before capping the bottles. Horrible idea... but it did work. The slightest mishap is not going to be a fun time. The cap should go before the bottle breaks but I wouldn't rely on that. If you're as crazy as me, take precautions. Also the typical dry ice from the grocery store is likely not what I'd consider clean. I left some chunks on clean glass and some did leave a very slight residue behind (likely manufacturing oil) but it didn't affect the taste. I considered it a 107% success and I even got some free gray hairs out of it.

[@billyhw99]

I love the pressure chamber experiments.

[@mikeharcharik2975]

Another very cool video!! You mentioned it being like a pipe bomb. Would it have been better to have the experiment done in the bunker so you can walk out while under pressure? I don’t know. You’re the professionals. Just a thought.

[@CaveChronicles]

You made carbonic acid, that's what makes water taste stale when you leave it out. It also is what forms all caves. CO2 dissolves into water to make tiny amounts of carbonic acid which slowly dissolves the limestone rock away forming the caves.

[@richardunruh4035]

Marshmallows. Maybe when you release the pressure they'll expand like they do in a vacuum chamber. Plus: fizzy marshmallows!

[@TD_YT066]

or grapes, I put them in a dry soda keg and pressurized to about 100 PSI for a couple of days in the fridge