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Dr. Snigdha Ghana, Consultant Pathologist, explains the importance of blood donation and the criteria for donors.
Why is blood donation important?
Blood is a life-sustaining fluid that provides nutrients and oxygen to various body parts and organs and helps in fighting infections. In the absence of blood, a patient becomes weak, cannot fight infections, and may not survive. Blood donation is crucial because blood cannot be manufactured; it must come from voluntary donors.
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What situations increase the need for blood donation?
Sometimes the body cannot produce blood properly due to diseases, or severe injuries like road traffic accidents and major surgeries can result in significant blood loss, necessitating blood transfusions.
Who can donate blood?
Any healthy adult, both male and female, aged 18 to 60 years, with hemoglobin levels of 12.5 grams percent or more, and a body weight of 45 kg or more, can donate blood. The donor should be free of any disease and should not have had immunizations in the past month or donated blood in the past three months.
What are the different blood groups and types?
Blood groups are classified according to the ABO system (A, B, AB, and O) and the Rh system (Rh positive and Rh negative). Each group has specific antigens and antibodies:
A Blood Group: A antigen on red blood cell surface, anti-B antibody in the plasma.
B Blood Group: B antigen on red blood cell surface, anti-A antibody in the plasma.
O Blood Group: No antigens on red blood cell surface, anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma.
AB Blood Group: Both A and B antigens on red blood cell surface, no antibodies in the plasma.
Rh System: Rh positive has the Rh D antigen, Rh negative lacks the Rh D antigen. O negative is considered the universal donor.
How often can individuals donate blood?
Healthy eligible individuals can donate whole blood as follows:
Males: Every 3 months (4 times a year)
Females: Every 4 months (3 times a year)
For platelets, the donation frequency is every 7 days, and from platelet donation to whole blood donation, it is 28 days.
What testing is done on donated blood?
Donated blood is tested for transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) such as HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, syphilis, and malaria. After testing negative for these infections, the blood is centrifuged to separate it into three transfusible components: packed red cells, platelets, and plasma, as well as cryoprecipitates, which are then stored accordingly.
Find expert advice, consultation, care & cure,
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Call us on 040 67000 070 or
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