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Rocket engines especially cryogenic rocket engines are very complex and hard to understand.Rocket engine works on the principal of Newton's third law of motion ie for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.Thus rocket engine is a reaction engine.It eject mass on one direction (exhaust gas) and rely on the reaction thrust.
Rocket engines are classified to three based on the fuel used.Solid rocket engines use solid state fuels like htpb and liquid state engine uses liquid fuels like hydrazine.Crogenic rocket engine uses liquified gases as fuel like hydrogen,methane etc.GSLV mk ||| hydrogen fuel.Rocket has to carry oxygen to ignite the fuel.Hydrogen liquifies at -253°C and oxygen at -183°C.
Cryogenic engine uses a turbo pump to regulate mass flow rate of the propellant as to produce highest thrust.Thus turbo pump is called the heart of cryogenic rocket engine.Different type of rocket uses different type of cycles like expander cycle ,gas generator cycle and staged combustion cycle.Expander cycle uses the propellant's expansion from liquid state to gas,for the working of turbo.Gas generator cycle uses the partial burning of some of the amount of propellant in gas generator for this working and exhaust it directly or through main nozzle stream.Staged combustion cycle is almost same as gas generator cycle but the exhaust from the preburner is send to the main combustion chamber .
By the burning of the propellant the engine temperature rise upto 3500k /3226°C.This is about the half of the temperature of the surface of the sun.So cooling is needed to helps the rocket parts from melting.Rocket uses different type of cooling system like heat sink, regenerative cooling etc.
To know more about this complex engine technology watch the video till the end.