Working with Express Middleware and Routers | Malayalam | Routing | Middleware

Working with Express Middleware and Routers | Malayalam | Routing | Middleware | Templating engines

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* Middleware in Express.js refers to functions that intercept requests and responses during the application's request-response cycle.
* These functions act as intermediaries between the initial request and the final route handler.
*Functionality:*
* Middleware functions have access to three key objects:
* `req`: The request object, containing information about the incoming request (e.g., headers, body, parameters).
* `res`: The response object, used to send responses back to the client (e.g., setting headers, sending data).
* `next`: A function representing the next middleware function in the stack. By calling `next()`, the middleware allows the request to proceed to the next step.
* Key functionalities of middleware include:
* Modifying the request and response objects: This can involve tasks like parsing request bodies, adding headers, or manipulating data.
* Executing any code: Middleware functions can perform any necessary operations before the request reaches the route handler.
* Terminating the request-response cycle: Middleware can completely stop the request process and send a response if needed.
*Benefits:*
* *Modularization:* Middleware promotes code reusability by separating common functionalities (like authentication or logging) into reusable functions.
* *Maintainability:* It improves the organization of your application by keeping concerns separated.
* *Flexibility:* Middleware allows you to add functionalities like authentication, authorization, error handling, or logging in a structured manner.
*Types of Middleware:*
* *Application-level middleware:* Applies to all routes within the application.
* *Router-level middleware:* Applies to specific routes or groups of routes defined by a router.
* *Error-handling middleware:* Specifically designed to handle errors that occur during the request-response cycle.
* *Built-in middleware:* Provided by Express itself for common tasks (e.g., parsing JSON data).
* *Third-party middleware:* Created by the community to extend Express functionalities (e.g., authentication libraries).
*Order of Execution:*
* The order in which you define your middleware matters. Middleware functions are executed sequentially based on the order they are added to the application or router.
I hope this detailed explanation clarifies the concept of Express middleware without any code examples.
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