Would walking Dinosaurs Shake the Ground? Testing Jurassic Park

[@TylerBellMakes]

This video is basically a Fermi estimate. I made a lot of assumptions about the way dinosaurs walk in order to simplify this testing. I could have gone waayyy into the weeds on biomechanics and momentum of walking and whatever but I don’t think it would have been as fun 🙂

[@rasmis]

This is the best video thumbnail of all time. Your face has more hidden messages than the Mona Lisa 😃

[@TherapyGel]

What would be a lot of fun is a better sponsor. Better Help isn't the way.

[@TrueHelpTV]

Clever idea to spin a video around making a pylon driver very interesting.

[@SmallEmpire]

The size of the foot will make a huge difference. You made the foot to small

[@TylerBellMakes]

@@SmallEmpire i made the foot 34 inches toe-to-heel according to some light research

[@simtexa]

One thing to consider is that animals don't usually put all of their weight and momentum on one leg. It's like comparing a normal human step to jumping on one leg. In this case, while wearing steel boots. This is especially relevant for big heavy creatures since all that weight would put a lot of stress on their joints and bones, especially at speeds. For a lot of currently living large animals like elephants, they actually walk and run in a way to reduce the impact of their footsteps, because it's generally unhealthy for their joints to absorb huge amounts of energy, and it further makes them less conspicuous to possible threats. One could also reason that since a tyrannosaur or other large dinosaur probably didn't want its feet stuck in the mud or to inform every creature in the area that it's around, they wouldn't have wanted to stomp too heavily.

[@HallowedError]

I heard that they almost certainly had thick pads on their feet that would be similar to elephants.

[@michaelthesanta3610]

the footsteps we hear don't have a set rhythm, so it's possible it could have tripped or stumbled on some of it's steps

[@Zamerus]

regardless, a t-rex still likely weighed more than a ton, and was most definitely not going to be an ambush predator. if anything I'd imagine they chased the smaller prey down, they have bigger, stronger legs, and spend less stamina moving the same distance as smaller prey

[@QockNobblr]

Consodering a fully grown brown bear can weigh a half ton; a t-rex weighs 5-8 tons. That means using a 4 ton weight as a control for steps is pretty reasonable

[@HallowedError]

@@Zamerus Current theories are that it was an ambush predator. It was likely fast and agile in short bursts but wouldn't be able to sustain a chase.

[@AlecSteele]

The blessed quick release!!

[@andyspoo2]

Not what your girlfriend wants to hear regardless of how much you like it😁

[@TGN422]

Yoooo, it's my favorite youtuber

[@mcbridemotorsports5788]

I watch your channel too! I was sad that you moved out of my home state of Montana, But excited about your new journey in life.

[@DaleStLouis-xb5mx]

I stood with a small crowd of neighbors watching a large tree being felled. We were about 60 feet from the stump, and I two others were standing on a concrete driveway while the rest of the group were off the edge of it in the grass. As the tree was about to fall, I wondered aloud (over the chainsaw) if we would feel the ground shake, so everyone was paying attention, and, oddly, I thought, those of us on the concrete felt it move, and vibrate for at least a second. The folks on the grass mostly didn't feel it.

[@R3_dacted0]

It's highly dependent on the ground composition. I used to work in landscaping and I've helped do a lot of tree work. Even small logs can be felt vibrating through the ground even a good distance away. There have been jobs where I would be in the front yard, standing on the work truck, and still manage to feel the vibrations of a tree that fell in the backyard. And then there are jobs where logs will fall fairly close and I won't feel them at all. It's all dependent on ground comp.

[@dinoseen3226]

makes perfect sense to me - a more brittle homogenised substance is obvs going to resonate more strongly than a loose composite of squishy stuff.

[@SirLightfire]

Sounds like impedance matching A large contact area between the dirt and concrete allows more energy transfer into the concrete. And a stiff material (concrete) allows more energy transfer into your feet

[@Knightshold]

Remember in the iconic scene, the car that the cup ripples in is not the same as what you are using. Sounds obvious I know but you should remember that all the kinetic energy in your experiment is going through shock absorbent rubber tyres, in the movie the jeeps were also connected to a metal track which was solid and would have helped with the energy transfer to the water cup :)

[@dougsinthailand7176]

If elephants are any analog, no. Elephants generally walk very quietly. That’s a lot of weight to throw around, and their joints can only handle so much stress.

[@shoaibmalik9096]

Depends, if it's on the road they could. we have horses here and when they run ,we can feel the vibrations from the concrete

[@Tar-Numendil]

An elephants weight is also distributed across more contact points with the ground.

[@Rose_Butterfly98]

But elephants have really weird feet that are basically toe tips touching the ground with the empty space in between filled in with fat which helps them to move more quietly as well as feel vibrations in the ground better. They're also lighter and on 4 legs instead of 2. Which spreads out the weight. And different walking style. They're also not that quiet. At least the ones I've been around aren't that quiet. They don't make the ground shake but I can definitely hear them.

[@brunobastos5533]

@@shoaibmalik9096 those got hooves and horseshoes

[@brunobastos5533]

@@Tar-Numendil rex foot is wider .

[@punishedprops]

Killer work Tyler! What an incredible result. Happy we could help. =D

[@mindfulmarketing9414]

ohhh yeaahhh!

[@Scientist_Salarian]

Killdozer work

[@CandC68]

Fun video... A few comments. 1- Animals feet are padded. This is nature's shock absorbers. The impact of a foot would be a bit softer/quieter than a concrete and steel foot. 2- Extrapolate. I would have analyzed the sound and vibration of an elephant running. Separate impact of the footsteps and compared to your algorithms. If an elephant weighs so many pounds and creates these vibrations, scale it up to T-Rex size. 3- The structure of a T-Rex had to survive it's weight and the impact of movement. So, when moving fast, the impact would be spread through it's foot, ankle, leg, and muscle. Thus softening the moment of impact. That is why parachutists in the military were trained to keep knees bent and then roll upon landing. Just falling from 4 feet with stiff legs would hurt or damage you. Modern chutes have better ways to mitigate the speed and direction of decent, to allow stand up landing.

[@TheNewJankyWorkshop]

Dude, that was awesome. So glad you're keeping the Mythbusters flame alive with these videos! Keep up the amazing work!

[@anniedaynoww]

If only it were more scientific.

[@TheNewJankyWorkshop]

@@anniedaynoww It was still a lot of fun to watch, and he's got the same excitement that we'd see from Adam & the M7 team from the show (I think Jaime may have shown excitement like... once...).

[@buckyV]

this is the type of content that youtube was made for

[@AlaiasAlias]

Wdym? Don’t you like reaction Ybter react to another reactor reacts to another reactor, and had millions of followers by stating most mundane opinions that won’t offend nobody?😂

[@bakerfx4968]

Amazing video, bad sponsor. You can see how hard they’re pushing to get back. Maybe they should pay licensed therapists instead of their huge KZbin sponsor fund

[@Whom1337]

Not even licensed therapists are credible. What you want is actually a clinical psychologist trained in countries like USA, UK, Germany, France etc.

[@danedryss1915]

Why is it a bad sponsor? What do you mean to get back? Just Curious.

[@bakerfx4968]

@ better help? there are plenty of videos here that could explain it better than I can in a comment but tldr: they didn’t pay their staff properly, didn’t hire licensed therapists, high user to therapist ratio etc

[@skyless_moon]

Not only is this not true, a lot of it has been exaggerated, it has also been 2 years, things change.

[@eTzTheGamer]

​@@skyless_mooni like how something is both not true, but also exaggerated at the same time admitting that it indeed is true

[@cactuscooler4003]

Just a heads up on BetterHelp and KZbin sponsorships in general. It's not uncommon for sponsors to lock a creator into a longer-term contract (like 3 videos in a 3 or 6 month period, for example). The numbers of videos and the time frame can vary, but you get the idea. Often creators will decide to go this long-term route in order to have garunteed income for a period of time. It allows creators to work on larger or more costly projects, knowing that there is money coming from a sponsor. It's possible that Tyler is in a long-term contract with BetterHelp that was signed months and months ago, and is contractually obligated to continue to do these ad reads. Just wanted to give the viewers a heads up! 👍

[@MattWeber]

There is also nothing that prevents breaking contract to prevent harm to his audience... Contract or not. Its not always cheap or an easy pill to swallow, but sometimes simply in your channels best interest to cut ties when something like HIPPA violations are what the sponsor is under investigation for.

[@hiptip27]

This seems like a cool channel but I just can't support better help

[@BeersAndBeatsPDX]

Better Help was first called or 3 or 4 years ago. There's no way his contact for x amount of videos goes back 4 years.

[@Satire-Gaming]

Either way, they endorse anybody willing to give them money without doing some research into the people throwing money at them. That is an irresponsible sellout lol.

[@skyless_moon]

How much this changes anything: 0

[@potato21206]

You should make a car flip like they do in movies

[@daxconnell7661]

my step mother actually did that in real life recently. the footage was captured on security camera and it was posted on the Kamloops news, a few days before Thanksgiving here in Canada

[@rhyusbrand8311]

“Today we’re going to test something from Jurassic Park that we all take for GRANTed” he said, while wearing an Alan Grant cosplay.

[@AwareOCE]

An Adam Savage signed quick release is badass hahaha

[@Legendary_Godfather]

_"My point is predators don't hunt when they're not hungry"_ _"No, only humans do"_

[@briancaster2876]

So do cats, quite effectively too

[@BigBrotherMateyka]

The horrifying thing about an animal like Tyrannosaurus is that, despite it being ~7 tons, it would barely make a sound as it stalked or even chased you. And it can smell you from miles away downwind, and spot you a long, long time before you ever saw _it._ If one ever decided to make you lunch, it's kind of up for you. The adage is true for this 65 million year-old nightmare: you can run, but you can't hide.

[@pest5373]

Oh ye seen many trexes to know have you?

[@ericstevens8744]

It’s common sense from paleontology

[@Forestguardian]

​@@pest5373it kind of just makes sense. The animals t rex hunted were capable of doing just as much damage to the rex as the rex could to them. Being able to ambush your prey makes sense when you want to avoid being gored by a Triceratops or Trampled by a Bull Edmontosaurus

[@thereluctantfollower1753]

who's gonna tell him that most dinosaurs had padded feet, like camels and cats, the later of which is one of the most silent predators ever

[@Epowman]

He did put that in account but he already had the foot and didn’t want to measure the other things like if the soil was perfect or not

[@ImVeryOriginal]

He addresses this at 0:52. They just ignored it for simplicity's sake which yeah, makes the entire experiment kind of moot, but we all know it's mostly for fun anyway.

[@jaerogoth]

And we know that how exactly. They could have worn Crocks for all we know.

[@nmheath03]

Interestingly enough, a recent-ish study found the feet of large theropods emit a shockwave behind them, which means that it was strong enough to be a pressure to survival. So if you're at a dinosaur zoo and the T.rex gets out, you can rest easy knowing that the ripples in your cup means it's leaving.

[@miguelpedraentomology6080]

me when i make shi up

[@Oord76]

Do you still have a link to the study? I'd like to read it, it sounds interesting.

[@mrb2349]

@@Oord76 he doesn't because he made that up. Can you even send directional impact shockwaves?

[@Antirrhopus]

basically its more like they have sound camoflauge so that way you dont hear it walking straight at you c:

[@DreadEnder]

What study said that? Because all I’ve seen show that they likely would have been very quiet as they had massive fatty cushions on their feet.

[@The-Caged-King]

Please don’t do better help in the future

[@larygolade5768]

Why ?

[@The-Caged-King]

@@larygolade5768 they’ve down unethical things in the past, they might not do them anymore but when you’re dealing with therapy and mental health trust is a big deal. They’ve hired unlicensed therapists and were caught selling user data.

[@CH3R.N0BY1]

​@@larygolade5768 they tend to have really bad "therapists" (some of them on the site are unqualified and don't care about their patients) and very poor customer service.

[@potato21206]

@@larygolade5768it’s a scam

[@mr.donut2.085]

​@@larygolade5768 it's a scam. Most of the "therapists" don't even have a degree.

[@JonJonRizz]

couldnt remember your name for months, finally found your channel again and theres a new video from a couple hours ago

[@downtish]

Most underrated KZbinr. Tyler, keep grinding. You’re gonna blow up. Well, you know what I mean.

[@tomim7187]

Tyler you get more and more insane with your builds! Never stop!

[@Hawk7886]

tbh they dropped a rock from a piece of equipment, not exactly high tech lmao

[@dragonspirit4109]

T rex had cushioning pads on its feet that further made it way more quieter along with the fact that big animals like elephant's and such dont just stomp around when they walk, they walk in a way that reduces as much stress as possible from there feet and joints without comprimising much on speed.

[@charleswright9898]

the toes bending makes it more realistic as the real foot would flex as it lands

[@nate1sam]

Thank you for at least acknowledging the variables ahead of time. This makes me happy and stops me from swearing at the screen lol

[@daddyratt4065]

I feel like momentum might be an important factor. Matching the kinetic energy with a smaller mass will mean less momentum in this test case

[@mitchellsteindler]

Maybe impedence matching...idk about momentum though

[@slacker2016]

Edit: This is wrong. Isn't momentum found by multiplying the mass by the velocity. Kinetic energy is directly proportional to momentum, so the momentum should be the same if the kinetic energy is right.

[@daddyratt4065]

@slacker2016 kinetic energy is based on velocity squared. That means if two objects have the same kinetic energy, then the faster one will have less momentum

[@slacker2016]

@@daddyratt4065 I did a little more digging and you are right

[@storiesfromtheabyss9808]

Can I just say, thanks for your style of filming. It's way more succinct than a lot of these types of projects and experiments you see online where they really hover over the preamble for 7/8 of the video until you get to the actual meat of the subject. If you're interested in the building process that's probably great, but it's nice to not have to skip a bunch as someone who is mostly just curious about the experiment/project itself.

[@TheTechAdmin]

I really can't wait until you get your big break. You really deserve it. Not to mention you chrck all of the boxes.

[@EldeNova]

Awesome video. Really cool to see a mix of mythbusters with your videography and acting parts. This style of video suits you well! Feel proud mate!

[@PedroCoelho98]

How this channel only has 190k subs baffles me...

[@Scottylad247]

3:46 the image of a trex tiptoeing behind the jeep has me giggling more than it should

[@philipwellsrealestate]

Really enjoyed this, as a millennial for whom JP was a very formative classic. Good to know the water would have vibrated. Great video, and your skills and knowledge blend nicely with the childlike curiosity and ease with which you present.

[@falconcorban4128]

with the flesh padding, a rex likely would have been boarding on silent, it's a predator, the last thing it would want to do is reveal it's position, as well padded flesh would absorb a lot of shock, which is what contributes to the sound and vibration. The weight also would be more distributed over the body and not focused in one limb. The sound and vibration in JP is basically creative license. Alsoan animal to consider is the African elephant, it's weight is very close to a Rexs weight, but they can move fairly silently. Will say also prob similar for sauropods, the fleshy feet pads are just very good at absorbing shock and for big animals they need it so their feet don't look like the metal foot in this vid xD.. still cool video.

[@ArckRanger]

Hey, you didn’t need to dig the “puddle” just drop the block and you have a perfect Dino foot print

[@Rouverius]

Huh, I wonder when Tyler's gonna post another groundbreaking video. Well... there it is!

[@Connor-B]

I just watched this movie-Great timing

[@joshsinclair7548]

This was awesome, dude! JP is my fave movie and this was right up my alley.

[@ZaneOlson]

This is one of the coolest channels I’ve seen in a long time, keep up the good work!

[@DINOSAURIA]

Studies have found that T. rex had cushion like pads of tissue under its feet which acted as shock absorbers, so basically, no thump thump, just silent death ambush.

[@Indyofthedead]

That wouldn't have absorbed sound (at least not much). That would have prevented damage to its bones because of how large it was. It also allowed it to move faster without sustaining injuries.

[@SoulAir]

​ The ground sound or shaking is simply the opposite effect of the joints experiencing shock due to the feet slamming the ground, so the ground would absorb sound energy proportional to the joints. the pads would probably be more for reducing the high frequency waves from reaching the joints. And the low frequency energy would NOT be absorbed by the pad (its the actual locomotive force for running) and so you would still possibly get the ground movement and feel it in your guts but not hear it.

[@Forestguardian]

​@@Indyofthedeadit absolutely would have absorbed sound, like it does in modern elephants. Tyrannosaurus was most likely an ambush predator so having silent footsteps would have been a necessity

[@jimboAndersenReviews]

Ah. Glad the factors, like what type of ground is transmitting the impacts of the Tyrannosaurus' steps. Very good effort. This was my first visit here, and KZbin suggested this channel; I just subscribed.

[@Dbmiller19]

Hanging out with Adam Savage and Bill Duran to me feels like you are rapidly approaching the point of being KZbin's resident practical effects guy. Between you and the Corridor guys my love for making movies has dramatically increased from what it once was. Side note: I think you and the dudes at the Modern Rogue could do some cool stuff together.

[@NicholasRehm]

THIS... is youtube at its finest

[@garagemonkeysan]

Great video Tyler. Thanks for sharing! : )

[@theman4884]

T Rex weighed about the same as an African Elephant. However that is quadrupeds vs bipeds. But elephants don't shake the ground nearly was much as T Rex is depicted to do in the movies.

[@ExtremeMadnessX]

T. Rex from Prehistoric Planet...

[@Leo99929]

You can pre heat your thicker metal to enable you to weld it. Also aim the torch closer to the thicker material than the thinner. And if you need an extra little boost beyond what your welder can do with pre heat and material thickness aim bias, you can use helium as your shielding gas which makes a HUGE difference... An aggressive pre-heat is probably enough for you though! Great work! Love it!

[@MrAnsk]

Still the best channel in KZbin

[@Anthony-pi6pf]

before even watching i can tell that you would absolutely be able to hear and feel it. we used to have horses and you could hear them running in the dirt outside when they were having fun.

[@ryanhatch7623]

Man your channel scratches the same itch mythbusters did when it was on TV. Awesome stuff! Cant wait to see whats next

[@chedderburg]

If you’re in North Carolina, you should contact the life science Museum and see if they would want to use that to make giant dinosaur footprints for the kids

[@ALS-TOYS]

I thought there was something mythbusters-esk about your videos. New subscriber!

[@riuphane]

Wait, when do we get the video with Bill? So cool you know and worked with him. Great video, and really cool idea!!!

[@kinorai]

My Chihuahua barked at the T-Rex when we were watching the movie. Bless his little heart full of courage and rage! 🥰

[@bytesizedengineering]

You got me with "it's a Unix system. I know this!"

[@PurpleBaroon]

you got a like from me for the your mom joke

[@genebeidl4011]

Thanks to this video, I'm now convinced that I will never be surprised by the sudden appearance of a T-Rex. Smaller dinosaurs -- who knows?

[@Appa-the-husky]

The best ground for vibration transmission is sand. A T. rex weighed approximately 10,000 kilograms. When it moved, it generated about 8 Joules of kinetic energy for minimal conditions, 72 Joules for average conditions, and up to 394,000 Joules for maximum conditions. These vibrations are likely to be felt up to 30 to 100 meters away, and in some exceptional cases, they could be noticeable at distances of up to 150 meters or more.

[@brunobastos5533]

if that was true they will starve . they got fat to on the foot to absorve the impact . a predator need to be silent

[@ExtremeMadnessX]

10 tones is possible maximum weight. Average T. Rex weighs less and has adaptation to be quiet when they walk.

[@atacstringer8573]

Absolutely loved the mythbuster references and the video was amazing as well

[@GabrielWehrle]

Awesome stuff! Really feels like Mythbusters! Also love the combination of engineering and filmmaking. I wonder how different soil types would affect the results? Specifically like you pointed out how dryer / firmer soil seems like it would yield a better effect

[@amberthepyromancer1804]

an interesting thing is that the shape of the foot actually disperses a lot of the vibrations out to the side rather than directly in front, which gave large Theropods a sort of stealth effect to help them sneak up on prey

[@tracybowling1156]

What was really cool is the cut on your face. That was a pretty good job. It looks real!

[@julianmac2117]

Helloooooo, omg I love your stuff tylerrr

[@meathead2676]

A T- Rex would walk like a cat...and Very quietly because it's a Predator.

[@johnweimer3249]

I can confirm that when my pet T-Rexes are running around my backyard standing water ripples hard. They are tons of fun and really great to be with but the food bill is insane. My quicker one can catch frisbees, but only once, and then I need to go buy him new frisbees. Also, you need a small backhoe for a pooper scooper.

[@RealMilester1]

I think the ripples come from the repeated tremors that come from the T-rex running, but this showed that it definitely works

[@AdditiveAvery]

Brilliant as usual good sir!

[@stephenhauer9055]

Okay but we need some more info on that truck it looks so dope

[@potato21206]

It’s a mid 60s gmc c10

[@1fosters]

Well, the costume weathering showed up on camera this time.

[@natetruxillo-jw2xu]

I really hope you're planning to continue this test!! Just and idea, but fill the square tubing with molten lead. Also, you could drill some home in the concrete and fill them 3/4 full with the lead, then top off with concrete. For the footprint, I highly recommend either making it a double layer or just use a piece of metal double the thickness. You could also weld some vertical strips of metal to stiffen the toes. And as for the quick release, give it a good cleaning with break cleaner the blow it off with an air compressor to ensure it's completely dry. After give it a good spray with Kroil or seafoam deep creep

[@omnitrix1279]

Side note on the idea of dinosaur zoos: literally the only reason the dinos escaped was because they didn’t run Jurassic Park like a real zoo. If they had used moats that T-Rex would have stayed contained through a hundred hurricanes.

[@stoatystoat174]

'Blinded by huberous' intro to the sponsorship 👏👏👏

[@excalibursaurusm5701]

This was super cool. 😊 🦖

[@bb_lee]

Great video! Got an awesome effect at the end. One thing that you could add that would make the math bits more engaging would be some on screen graphics with the numbers.

[@nicolasmaestrelo4519]

you spoke of godzilla at a moment and now I want someone to simulate his walking's effects irl

[@ChristopherKlepel]

That was a hilarious segue to your sponsor

[@mountbuckekreative4044]

That was a cool experiment. It would have been fun if he had made the stomps in a track pattern. So as now we know that a T-Rex can shake the ground, we now have to find out, how they manage to sneak up on people in the movies, so that even the Raptors do not hear them coming.

[@adrickvelasco570]

Awesome stuff!

[@unlegitluc9639]

so nice dude!

[@rkirke1]

The car cup vibration test dropping the foot was impressive! As you mention, the car shocks and springs would absorb a fair bit, in fact they are designed to damp vibration in this exactly this sort of frequency range, as it contributes to road noise/boom and engine vibration (look up NVH - noise, vibration and harshness if you want a rabbithole), so if the car had been up on jack stands, I think it would've been even more impressive. I also wonder if originally they could have avoided the need for a guitar string setup by just leaving the truck idling and disconnecting a spark plug? :D

[@RealBelisariusCawl]

Bloody brilliant costume work

[@HerbalMCFC]

T-Rex was most likely extremely silent. Underneath their feet they had cushioned pads and probably didn't make sounds or create vibration when moving. It's a nice experiment though.

[@PSALM_6012]

I'm so glad I found this channel, I had to subscribe 🎉

[@mspears_bobobuddytheseniorcat]

This is soooo cool!!! 🦖❤

[@seanlesko2473]

T-Rex had a unique shape of the bones in its feet that not only would have absorbed impact, but also sent the majority of the ground vibrations out to the side instead of forward, which meant that animals it was approaching would be less likely to have noticed the approach through ground vibrations.

[@jorgewolynski9125]

"It's a Unix system... I know this.😮" Had me rotflmao so hard.😂

[@alanmlkbanda]

“You’re underneath the load“ is a wild statement

[@kevinricherson888]

There's probably a bit of a difference between how hard packed the dirt is between that yard which hasn't been constantly trodden by massive dinosaurs than a spot which has.

[@SchysCraftCo.]

Awesome 👏🏻

[@SullySadface]

i appreciate you leaving dinosaur tracks all over some random field

[@joejoe4games]

Just to underscore your earlyer musings about the effect the type of ground has: I'm sometimes at a place in a swampy area and there you can easily feel someone running like 10-15m away...

[@carlsoll]

Aw Dude nooo way! You met Adam Savage, Heck Yeah! *Great Work* & Good Luck > *subscribed*

[@petercofrancesco9812]

Fun test. Note about the scene in the movie. The first time we see the t-rex, its head is near the top of a 30ft fence. But later we see the fence is a top a 40ft cliff. This means it be impossible for the dinosaur to breach that location since they can't climb. The vibrations also occur when it's out of sight. Of course it's a movie but I can't help myself.

[@jaerogoth]

Anyone that stood in the vicinity of a large excavator would know that rumbles in the earth are easy to feel.

[@dragodracon7785]

I feel like what should be considered is that most dinosaur feet were actually quite different to what animals have today. For example, Sauropod feet are VERY weird to what we know about animals today. Most only have one toe claw and a giant pad for a foot. We also have an actual mummified front foot of an Edmontosaurus which showed they actually had a HOOF like a horse or bovid. Very interesting animals.

[@tjpprojects7192]

It's fine to make assumptions about dinosaurs. Cows are already spheres anyway.

[@bytesizedengineering]

Unlike most of the other garbage, this is a KZbin video that needed to be made.

[@BashfulNuke]

For your release latch you should coat it in something so the signature doesn't get warn. Just make sure if you decide to do that the coating stuff doesn't ruin it.

[@GarrettCrosgrove]

7:47 I actuallly dont really know if wet or dry soil is better. I remember taking a geology class on natural disasters and wet soil with a high water to soil ratio was worse when it came to earthquake. but that might just be from destruction and not propigation? idk i need to do more research on it.

[@saguierdimas]

Close enough welcome back mythbusters!!

[@WilliamQuade-u8x]

at 2:37 I noticed something, whose dog is that