HYPERVOLEMIA / FLUID VOLUME EXCESS

HYPERVOLEMIA / FLUID VOLUME EXCESS
CAUSES OF FVE
Diminished homeostatic mechanisms
Heart Failure
Cirrhosis
Hepatitis
Kidney Failure
Nephrotic syndrome
High-salt diet.
Clinical Manifestations
Cardiovascular
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Distended neck and hand veins
Increased CVP.
Dysrhythmias.
Respiratory
Increased rate and depth of respiration. (Shallow respiration)
Dyspnea
crackles on auscultation
Neuromuscular
Altered level of consciousness
Headache
Visual disturbances
Skeletal muscle weakness
Paresthesias
Renal : Increased urine output if kidneys can compensate; decreased urine output if kidney damage is the cause.
Integumentary
Pitting edema
Pale ,Cool skin
Gastrointestinal
Increased motility
Diarrhea
Liver enlargement
Ascites
Increased body weight
Laboratory Findings
Serum osmolality
Hematocrit
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level
serum sodium & potassium level
Urinary specific gravity
Hypervolemia Management
Identify and treat the underlying cause of Hypervolemia.
Hypervolemia Management
Hypervolemia Management
Medical management
Diuretics(Thiazide diuretics & Loop diuretics)
Digoxin : Heart Failure
Morphine and Nitroglycerin :Pulmonary Edema.
Potassium supplements in case hypokalemia.
Untreated hypervolemia can cause several complications
Pericarditis, or swelling of the heart tissues.
Heart failure
Delayed wound healing
Tissue breakdown
Decreased bowel function
Nursing Management of hyperkalemia
Hemodynamic status.
Body weight
Intake output chart (Hourly)
Mental status
Electrolyte level
Watch for distended veins in the hands or neck.
ABG results : changes in acid-base balance
Grading edema
Abdominal girth - Ascites
Nursing Management
Provide oral hygiene and Skin care
Use infusion pump for administering Medication to prevent fluid overload
Assess for bounding peripheral pulses and S3- signs of fluid overload.
Elevate edematous extremities, and handle with care.
Use antiembolic stockings or bandages, as ordered.
Nursing Diagnosis
Fluid Volume excess related to
Decreased cardiac output
Liver disease
Excessive sodium intake
Renal insufficiency

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[@YellowPagesNursing1]

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[@autumn6399]

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[@lovegarden2850]

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[@YellowPagesNursing1]

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