Younger Dryas Ground Zero

The Carolina Bays and the Nebraska Rainwater Basins are elliptical features oriented toward the Great Lakes. Their convergence point is a clue about the location of an extraterrestrial impact on the Laurentide Ice sheet that launched pieces of glacier ice in ballistic trajectories. The secondary impacts of the ice boulders created inclined conical cavities that became shallow elliptical bays by viscous relaxation.
The Neglected Carolina Bays: Ubiquitous Geological Evidence of a Cataclysm.
Amazon: amzn.to/3uTRDsZ
Carolina Bay Survey. LiDAR Visualization Tool using Google Earth by Michael Davias. cbaysurvey.cint...
Python programs for least squares fitting of ellipses.
github.com/cit...

[@Itsjustme-Justme]

The existing evidence strongly supports the impact of several chunks of a recently desintegrated comet, still flying in close formation. The desintegrated comet theory doesn't only explain why there is not one single convergence point. It also explains why there is no distinct crater. The impact energy was spread over a wider area and over at least several seconds, if not minutes. Must have been one hell of a firework. Within the range of the ice boulders, nothing bigger than an insect survived.

[@granddaddykaddy1788]

Could've been hours between impacts I read somewhere.

[@rufusmclean9770]

I am geologist living only about 30 miles north of Marlboro county and the bays...I had never paid much attention to the bays. Excellent presentation.

[@Antonio_Zamora]

You may want to download the LiDAR visualization tool for Google Earth from Michael Davias' website. You will be amazed. cbaysurvey.cintos.org/

[@eskoelmwood5936]

I've also seen these bay marks in the upper peninsula of michigan.

[@hanovergreen4091]

This also fits perfectly with the extinction of the Clovis culture. It’s always been known that they went extinct or vanished around this time but no one could find anything that would account for it. This perfectly dovetails with all the archaeological research. Best Regards and Best Wishes!

[@localbod]

Thank you for posting another interesting presentation.

[@barthchris1]

That Lake Huron bathmetery map made me even more convinced about this. The shock patterns, the deepest point alignment with Saganaw bay... It just smacks you on the face as self evident. If indeed this is the case the impactor must have traveled at such a low angle that its flight through the atmosphere was quite long which in and of itself must have deposited a lot of enegry even before impact. Very interesting and thought provoking.

[@danx228]

Ignore the detractors. This is excellent work. The comet impact theory at the start of the younger dryas continues to gather support from Greenland ice cores, core samples in lake beds as far south as Mexico, melt water pulse in the ocean, etc. Skepticism is healthy, but when multiple lines of evidence converge on one theory, that theory rises to dominance.

[@Antonio_Zamora]

Of course, the megafaunal extinction and the 1200-year cooling event can all be swept under the rug and we can take great pride in attributing the origin of the Carolina Bays and the Nebraska Rainwater Basins to wind and water mechanisms or even to an Omnipotent Creator. There is no need for an impact at all.

[@josephcernansky1794]

@@Antonio_Zamora Godzilla....is that you?

[@psycotria]

@@Antonio_Zamora There is so much currently under the rug!

[@eb282]

Congratulations on your most popular video to date. This one really took off. Reaching so many people. Its crazy the dominant landform of the east coast could be neglected for so long by science

[@Antonio_Zamora]

Thanks. The popularity of this video surprised me. Perhaps it was due to the title, but it could also be because it included some history and an explanation of the usefulness of the least squares method for fitting ellipses and determining the dimensions of an overlaid bay. By the way, how was the equinox in the Tulsa Basin?

[@LivingWithScience82]

Good to see you are back with your interesting presentations on the impact upon the Laurentide ice sheet. You were the first to present this over 7 to 10 years or so ago. Persons living on the rim of the ice sheets have a unusual segment of hills and valleys left upon the land. Especially on the northeast USA geology relative to melting glaciers, blocking ice, turning into lakes which many times would break apart carving and flooding lands later becoming the hills and valleys adjacent to rivers.

[@christopherhiggins8238]

I wonder if that explains something. Growing up in East Moline Illinois, my Grandfather had to have a side of his house dug up because the cinder block walls were slowly caving in, then they when the dirt was out of the way they reinforced the walls. Where I am going with this is I climbed down in the hole, being a kid... and found several pieces of obsidian. at about 8-10 feet depth. They were shiny and caught my eye. Asked my teacher at school what it was. But why was volcanic glass in the Midwest???

[@KalinaAngell]

Interesting! Thank you for sharing with us! I grew up in NC and live in Michigan now, so this is literally extra close to home for me.

[@Nubenhoofer]

Haiku inspired by YD. Man kind spreads its wings- Cosmic serpent flicks its toung- World ends for MOST things.

[@Antonio_Zamora]

Here is an epic poem inspired by the Younger Dryas: kzbin.info/www/bejne/gZ7Wg2ueadaNiKc

[@unfixablegop]

Is this the first time that anybody thought about including the earth rotation in the trajectory calculation? I really don't get why this is still considered fringe. This is how Alfred Wegener must have felt when they all laughed at his plate tectonics theory. The KZbin algorithm definitely things it's fringe. Whenever I look at Younger Dryas videos, it's start recommending videos about past alien visits and lost advanced civilizations. 🙂

[@psycotria]

"... This is how Alfred Wegener must have felt when they all laughed at his plate tectonics theory." The reason Wegner's hypothesis was panned was he couldn't propose the mechanism, i.e. Plate Tectonics. That continents could somehow "plow" their way - across - the sea floor made his proposal untenable.

[@longtabsigo]

This was, by far, the fastest 16 minutes I experienced in a long time. I love your work.

[@starsandguitars2050]

Please keep up your research. Thank you.

[@paulmoffat9306]

I was also thinking that the "Ahnighito" fragment" that was found on Meteorite Island, Cape York Greenland, on the surface of the ground. It weighed in at 58,200Kg (second heaviest to be moved by people). Based on the weight and circumstance of discovery (no crater) led me to postulate that it hit the Ice Sheet there, cratering it, but not deep enough to reach bedrock. Also happened at the same general time as the Younger Dryas event.

[@blobrana8515]

The meteorite is likely a fragment of an asteroid that was less than 100 tonnes. This impact or airburst would have no noticeable effect on the climate.

[@Alarix246]

@@blobrana8515 but the point made is about it not leaving an impact crater.

[@blobrana8515]

@@Alarix246 an impact crater is missing so is any tektites or iridium traces or spherules in ice cores etc or any other indicators that a large impact occurred. (But what we could assume is that there were indeed small impacts that would leave small traces in sediment or ice layers)

[@barthchris1]

The lack of a crater for some very heavy iron meteorites has baffled me. Look at the Hoba meteorite in South Africa. Its basically at ground level. Several very large irons in South America were not very deep. They must have decelerated all the way to terminal velocity, still I would think something that heavy should leave be buried deeper.

[@blobrana8515]

@@barthchris1 indeed it seems counter to common sense, but meteors can explode during atmospheric entry and not all meteors are travelling at super high speeds relative to the earth. (Some may actually be catch up with the earth in its orbit, and just like a car overtaking your car on a motorway the relative speeds are quite slow.) So some large meteorites don't make large craters.

[@nj1639]

Fleetwood Mac's "Hypnotized " has brought me here through time. Nicely done Sir!

[@yardner1963]

Most Excellent reference 🛸 ✨

[@theeddorian]

This is probably the best discussion of the complexities of trying to establish an impact hypothesis. The suggestion that two (or possibly more) initial impacts were responsible for the bays is an interesting new twist. Adjusting for planetary rotation is a nice step. One thing I would like to hear a discussion of is the differential speeds of rotation between the latitudes of the proposed initial impact(s) and the secondary impacts. Since the planetary surface has an absolute speed of rotation that increases as latitude decreases, the more rapid rotation of the area of secondary impacts might have an effect on the apparent azimuth of the initial impacts. Very roughly, the difference in rotation speed between 45.3 and 34.5 degrees north is about 165 kph.

[@josephcernansky1794]

You go do the math! I burnt too many brain cells out already! LOL Just remember...the impact zone and the "shattering zone" are 2 different things. If it is a hard speeding object hitting a 2-mile-thick ice layer...that ice is going to shatter in multiple directions with multiple trajectories, in multiple sizes, to multiple heights, and the "SHATTERING ZONE" is going to be much more extensive than the initial impact zone....think Action...REaction.

[@theeddorian]

@@josephcernansky1794 Yep. I know. But very likely from the mapscales used, there might not be too much ddifference between the shatter and impact areas. I am considering that when you consider variable trajectory heights as well as the "butterfly" pattern of ejecta scatter, that may well affect the apparent azimuth of the trajectory of any particular piece.

[@rickkearn7100]

Fascinating, and well-presented. Evidence is certainly mounting for the comet hypothesis.

[@sgtrock68]

It's a shame Melton and Shriver never knew about the Nebraska Rainwater Basins and for sure they didn't know about the very few Oklahoma and Texas Bays. I live in the Cimarron river valley, a few hundred feet from the river. I'm about 30 miles north of Oklahoma City. I know this should be the edge of the ejecta in this direction. The Cimarron river bed is very wide, slow moving, and meandering. The ancient river valley can be 30 or 40 miles wide and the river changed direction like waster droplets on a car window, sometimes doubling back on it's self or even crossing it's self...at least until the banks can be eroded, and logic restored to the rivers path. There are so few hard rocks in Oklahoma that I think I know each of them. SO this should be a good area to discover eroded basins! I have looked at that LIDAR map until I see it in my sleep! The rolling sand dunes here, frozen in place with a thin layer of vegetation, naturally makes the space between each dune look exactly like a non oriented basin, eroded by 12000 years. I suspect that some of the ice sheet floods most likely used the Cimarron to Arkansas to Mississippi to Gulf path to get off the plains and to the sea. The floods could have erased the secondary impacts in the river valleys almost as soon as they were made. I'm out of ides for finding anything new just out my front door. I'm slightly disabled...well, more than I 'd like. However, getting out to find things like these would be a good reason for the hassle, or motivation for the pain. I'd like to at least go see the Neb Basins. It'd be a big deal for me but at least it's possible. Thank you for the videos, Antonio...AND the books!

[@Antonio_Zamora]

Eric Brown found a remarkable basin near Tulsa. kzbin.info/www/bejne/Y2rNnYNtg8SWo6M

[@Raptorman0909]

I have long doubted that Saginaw Bay was the impact point and that the actual impact location had to be quite a bit further west. But, the fact that there are some Carolina Bays alignment differ by a large enough amount that it makes it more likely that rather than a single impact there might well have been several fragments. Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9, I think, offers an example of how a comet can be broken up by a past encounter with a planet and then those fragments would result in multiple impact sites.

[@cthulhuhoops7538]

He mentioned exactly that in the video.

[@stevenmitchell6347]

As the Laurentide Ice Sheet was estimated to be about a mile thick, 5,000'+, an impact crater wouldn't necessarily exist in terrestrial strata as it would be absorbed by the ice sheet. It is likely multiple impacts as atmospheric break-up is common or even gravitational break-up i.e. Schumacher Levy 9. The bays would result as would massive melting of the ice, heating of the atmosphere, and subsequent flooding through sea-level rising and rain from the vaporized ice. Sudden atmospheric pressure increases with shockwaves could have resulted in the mass extinction of North American megafauna in the process. Depending on the number and mass of the impactor(s), axial orientation could also be affected. IMO

[@danm8747]

@@helmski there is on the west coast down from Northern WA to the Columbia River. It’s pretty apparent even to untrained eyes if you drive up the gorge. Randall Carlson points to a lot of this. He has a great video of this. If you look at northern Africa it also looks like a massive flow of water washed out half the northern end of the continent.

[@danm8747]

@@helmski it was well studied by people pushing a specific timeline and story of history. Just like people saying the first humans in America were the clovis culture, or that specific animals weren’t in Alaska even though we’ve found their skeletons. There were people who dismissed the Younger dryas impact theory 100 years ago only to be proven wrong. There are people who have built careers and names off from theories and a story that when proved wrong they defend and ruin people’s careers for bucking the system, only to be proven right decades later. The scab lands of washington state prove a massive floor happened and happen over a short period of time, not a leaking lake from missoula. That theory has been proven incorrect

[@juliehovar5488]

.. ..yes

[@bartbullock9742]

​@@danm8747yeah but the African wash look like it came from the Mediterranean and headed west (Southwest)

[@danm8747]

@@bartbullock9742 this is very true. This to me looks like a slosh back from earth crust displacement if that is a true happening

[@freedomtowander]

Wow! Very well done! It would be cool to see this animated and rendered into a reenactment video

[@cathiestubes2820]

Hi Tony, glad to see you "back in the saddle, again". Looking forward to more interesting and scientific analysis of this extraordinary event.

[@jacquesstrapp3219]

Great job at correlating the data. The maps help to visualize what you are talking about. Without visual aids, the mass of data would be overwhelming and unrelatable for the average listener. I have been looking for a video that presents hard data to support this impact theory. Thanks for making this.

[@larryw5429]

Can you imaging being around to witness that younger dryas cataclysm. Must of been crazy... All the civilisations that got wiped out all over the planet is crazy during that time period!

[@suebee1436]

Oh wait, youll get to......prob this yr actually.

[@carolynpinkerton7380]

This is SO fascinating!!

[@Less1leg2]

Antonio does a great job supporting his Claim. I always enjoy his research materials. Unfortunately, too many academia have this set in stone idea that nothing happened, and Siberian Source Tribes ran down through the Alaskan Glacial Ice Sheet opening and ate everything in site. Boy oh boy, them people must have been awfully hungry. Antonio though offers a great explanation of Event and Effects. Very compelling and the data shows a ton of splash damage. Thanks Antonio.

[@tutoring1013]

Wow, this is reallly compelling. I hope it can eventually be proven, because what an amazing discovery of such an immense cataclysm!

[@psycotria]

"Wow, this is reallly compelling. I hope it can eventually be proven, because what an amazing discovery of such an immense cataclysm!" Hypotheses aren't 'Proven'. Science disproves bad hypotheses. Observations are made. Mechanisms are proposed. Experiments are performed. A good theory is a synthesis that makes predictions. I find the Glacier Ice Impact Hypothesis to be the most compelling, by far.

[@charlesbaker5001]

Antonio Zamora's research and review's of the Laurentian Ice Sheet and the Carolina Bayes is very compelling.

[@Dibubba]

I salute you, sir, for your exquisite research! I’m sold! 🙂

[@johnsdimarco]

Now this is science. Outstanding. Does Randall Carlson know of your work? He should..

[@Antonio_Zamora]

@@johnsdimarco Randall and I went with Graham Hancock to explore the Carolina Bays when Graham was researching his book America Before.

[@ThomasRonnberg]

Thank you Antonio i've been waiting for exactly this type of reserach for a very long time!

[@theoriginalDirtybill]

this correlates with the formation of the eastern Washington scab lands and the columbia river gorge

[@davidlaney6153]

a Great Lakes impact might make some sense, they are a pretty rare formation of fresh water lakes in the world.

[@krustysurfer]

Especially around lake superior and the exposed Canadian shield where rare earth mineral deposits of iron nickel copper and rare earth elements occur with significance.

[@kenl2861]

Wonderful treatment of a fascinating subject, very easy to follow. Thank you!

[@cthulhuhoops7538]

It surprises me that this subject still doesn't get more attention.

[@Antonio_Zamora]

This is why the title of my book is "The Neglected Carolina Bays". A common problem is that editors don't want to go against the mainstream. For example, look at the Wikipedia article about the Carolina Bays. Impacts are forbidden.

[@Lord_Clayton420]

I agree with you 100% except I think it hit in the Saginaw Valley. I am from Pittsburgh originally but live near Flint. Let me tell you. There is SO MUCH IRON in the ground here it's CRAZY. It turns EVERYTHING orange and is just nasty. I'm not talking about the Flint drinking water either. That's something completely different. I would like to talk some more because I have soil samples that I've analyzed and I'd like to discuss it with you.

[@robertjones1730]

remember that for these longer distances of airborn pieces, you wouldn't draw a straight trajectory line, it would be a slightly curved line from the earth spinning underneath the object as atmospheric drag is slowing the airborn pieces. The more North/South these lines are, the more they would be curved

[@psycotria]

The Coriolis Effect doesn't depend on "atmospheric drag." The Glacier Ice ejecta followed ballistic trajectories through the vacuum of space.

[@musicisajourney]

Just hopping to this. I’m intrigued by the ice sheet impact hypothesis. I have read two arguments for thermokarst lakes. I reckoned that with an impact there should be overlapping bays, though thermokarst lakes from different periods could also overlap. Good the see overlapping bays get some attention.

[@Antonio_Zamora]

Here is a video about overlapping bays: kzbin.info/www/bejne/rme9g32YepKeoqc

[@frankwolf3860]

Although Antonio only touched on it briefly he suggested multiple impacts on the ice sheet, not a single impact, could well be the reason why there is such a wide range of origins for the impacts. Visualize the comet either already broken-up as it enters the Earth's atmosphere, thus producing multiple ice sheet impacts, or breaking up as it enters the Earth's atmosphere, or, both. Then there are those equivalent-to megaton explosions necessary to form the secondary impacts (Carolina Bays), and subsequent earthquake strengths...wow!

[@stevenbalderstone709]

To add some humour to this topic, I asked an AI tool the question: If an asteroid or comet impacted a land-based ice sheet, would large chunks of ice be ejected into the atmosphere creating secondary impacts on Earth? Answer: If an asteroid or comet were to impact a land-based ice sheet, it is possible that large chunks of ice could be ejected into the atmosphere. However, the likelihood and extent of this would depend on various factors such as the size and velocity of the impacting object, the thickness and composition of the ice sheet, and the angle and location of impact. In general, when a large object impacts a solid surface, it can create a crater and eject material from the impact site. If the impact were to occur on an ice sheet, the ice in the immediate vicinity of the impact could be vaporized or melted, creating a crater and ejecting debris. This debris could include large chunks of ice as well as rock and other material from the impact site. If large chunks of ice were ejected into the atmosphere, they could potentially create secondary impacts on Earth. The size and speed of the ejected material would determine how far it could travel before falling back to Earth. If the ice chunks were small and not traveling at high velocities, they may not pose a significant risk to people or infrastructure on the ground. However, if the ice chunks were large and traveling at high velocities, they could cause damage upon impact. The impact sites would depend on the trajectory and angle of the ejected material, but they could potentially cause damage to structures and even injure or kill people. Overall, the likelihood and extent of large chunks of ice being ejected into the atmosphere and causing secondary impacts would depend on many factors and would need to be assessed on a case-by-case basis.

[@Antonio_Zamora]

"depending on the composition of the ice sheet" is one of those subtle errors made by AI chatbots. How about H2O? Another problem with the AI answer is the melting at the impact site. Yes, there is some melting, but even human simulations can get it wrong. See this video: kzbin.info/www/bejne/onenk4ymgd6grbs

[@guncoservicesllc6921]

I’m stuck on one important fact. In Carolina Bays it’s the NW part of the bay that’s the impact ring pushed up from the impact. So turn your trajectory 180* and that’s where the impact crater points. The NW of a Carolina Bay is a sand ridge pushed up be the impact. It’s a very poor, overly drains sand. Check out NRSC soils maps. The SE end of the bay it scraped out at a low impact angle. The SE side can grow tremendous pines, but the water gets deeper as you move to the NW until you come to the sand ring from the impact crater. I’m a forester and have stomped around plenty of Carolina Bays in my day and they all follow this pattern but with different degrees.

[@johnsullivan3375]

If your correct that would indicate a natural phenomenon...?

[@haredr6511]

@@johnsullivan3375Texhnically, an impact IS a natural phenomenon.

[@jvin248]

Direct Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) may be another possibility than secondary ice impacts. A huge catastrophe either way. Important to figure out how it repeats and when.

[@blobrana8515]

No. The shutting down of the Atlantic gulf stream is now considered to be the reason for the Younger Dryas event.

[@blobrana8515]

Coronal mass ejection are accelerated particles and plasma. They will not create craters and will leave a telltale carbon isotope fingerprint in ice cores. We know there was no massive CME event during the Younger Dryas event

[@eskoelmwood5936]

That makes sense. Years ago my uncle and I were off roading in the upper peninsula of Michigan. One thing I noticed and asked my uncle about was why there were so many small circular ponds hidden among the trees? He of course wouldn't have known, but I think it is pock marks from icy impact crators like those found on the Carolina coastline. Very interesting stuff.

[@danpetitpas]

Excellent presentation. The data just keeps piling up.

[@TheLionsize08]

Two thumbs up!! Even though there was a lot of math and science involved I was still able to follow along! Outstanding job, I'm glad this came up on my feed because I totally learned something new today! Thank You! Keep up the good work!

[@montylc2001]

Fascinating theories, and the first I've heard of this. Excellent work.

[@danielclyburn2366]

I live and work among the Carolina bays,your explanations are the most likely explanation for this phenomenon. Woe to those who lived under the ejecta ,the there's no way man or animal could have survived. Here the bays are closely spaced and sometimes overlap.

[@Antonio_Zamora]

You may want to download the Visualization tool for Google Earth to get LiDAR images of your location: cbaysurvey.cintos.org/

[@rayc.8555]

I find this subject extremely interesting. Thank you very much for all the work you put into it.

[@fishfuxors]

Cheers for this! I was ignorant of "Carolina Bays" before watching this video. Now I know these bays are spread from Florida to New York and are named for the states they are found in.

[@marekzsw2982]

Really thank You for it

[@coolhand411luke6]

Something melted several kilometers of ice across North American in a extremely short amount of time killing off the Clovis people and the mammoths leaving little trace. The tremendous shockwave and over pressure would also be hard to notice to spite there devastating results on the biology.

[@al2207]

agree how about thousands of smaller comet impact neatly distributed on glacier and land

[@coolhand411luke6]

@@al2207 Probably a tidaly disrupted comet like SL-9 with some fragments hitting Siberia and the Pacifica. There are mass kill sites of mammoths crushed and buried in Siberia that are as yet unexplained.

[@al2207]

@@coolhand411luke6 i was thinking of aliens perfectly directed ice comet to end glacial age and erase most of aliens traces on earth

[@fun-galfaraway579]

There's also talk of the brussels hill in Brussels in Southern Door county Wisconsin being an impact crater. There were tour done there and there are studies now published on the area. Satellite images definitely show a circular area.

[@MrFmiller]

Considering your meticulous analysis of the research available I can not see how any reasonable person could categorically deny the possibility of the ice sheet impact hypothesis. The preponderance of evidence supports it.

[@tinymetaltrees]

So, you’re saying that you don’t think they’re fish nests? The dearth of other reasonable ideas goes a long way for me, too.

[@Antonio_Zamora]

As a scientist, I have not dismissed the idea of fish nests. I am still waiting to find the skeleton of a 500-meter fish.

[@theedge5584]

Well if you live in America, 95% OF citizens willingly ignorant, and still have caught onto 9/11, and many other things "they" have done......WEAK FOOLISH SLAVES.....LOOK AT UR DRIVER'S LICENSE, S.S CARD, BILLS, BIRTH CERTIFICATE, CAR TITLE, HOUSE DEED, SO ON. WHY IS THE NAME IN ALL CAPS?????? LOOK INTO IT

[@keithdaniels5918]

Those chunks of ice had to have been thrown high enough to almost be suborbital. It would have most certainly been a bad day to be any where around the area’s effected.

[@SEXCOPTER_RUL]

The fact that academics are so hostile towards the possibility without explaining why is reason enough to be suspicious of them

[@sparksmacoy]

Brilliant work

[@oz4caster]

Thanks Antonio. Another great and insightful video. Keep up the good work. We still have a lot to learn.

[@ckotty]

So grateful for this important and interesting update 👋🏽👋🏽👋🏽

[@markberman6708]

Even though it is blatantly apparent that KZbin is ghosting my comments, I will leave this for synchronicity to find its way, here's my comment: BINGO.

[@billperkins570]

Carolina bays have always interested me. Many larger ones are still in plain view; smaller ones have filled in. Walking through open ground in my native SC and NC, it has always been exciting to me to suddenly realize I am walking thorough one. Once in McCormick County, SC, in an area where Georgia Pacific had harvested several dozen of acres of pine trees, they left debris of small limbs and undergrowth, the "crescent moon" shape jumped out at me. I had walked through this area for years, threading between pine trees, to get to a fishing spot. There was an old visible but filled in bay. Amazing. I did not know then the true history and significance of this place.

[@johnkmatsch]

very similar to Randal Carlsons observations. a compelling presentation.

[@stewiepid4385]

I love this! Shaws' theory and Mr. Randall Carlson are right on point with this presentation. I live in S.E. Michigan. It's facinating to find evidence of a multi-impactor scenario. Mr. Carlson theorizes something similar to Shoemaker / Levy 9 Jupiter impact, but on a smaller scale. Really good data presented here. Continued success.

[@campingintheforest_]

Very interesting! Thank you for your diligence! And all the hard work that goes into such an excellent report.

[@AGB_2000]

Thank You for your work. It looks like a chain of impacts occurred starting with an impact in NW New York, one in lake Erie, one in lake Huron, and one in lake Michigan. I wouldn't be surprised if there aren't more smaller features attributable to the primary strikes. I have often wondered at cause of the features on the gravity and magnetic maps of Michigan and the surrounding area.

[@unclebillscamping]

I have done a bit of hiking and camping in the Shawnee national forest. If you look at satellite imaging just southeast of the garden of the gods it most definitely appears that there is an overgrown impact crater.

[@pixiendixie4211]

I could be wrong but to me that appears to be more of an ancient volcano.

[@ThePitbulllady1]

@@pixiendixie4211 Garden of the Gods is an uplifted ancient sandstone plateau, not volcanic.

[@unclebillscamping]

@@pixiendixie4211 could absolutely be correct. This entire area is very odd given the location.

[@heavypen]

Data from multiple sources correlating with your own findings? That's the way to convince skeptics and newcomers. Bonus for me: I read Graham Hancock's "Lost Civs" book - and just learned that you submitted some of the data. The sound we hear is the collapse of ancient history as we know it... Excellent presentation. Thanks!

[@Antonio_Zamora]

The impact origin of the Carolina Bays by oblique impacts of glacier ice is a new idea for which there are no other sources. Fortunately, I can demonstrate that well-preserved Carolina Bays are elliptical conic sections using the least squares method. So the math is on my side. There is nothing but handwaving for the eolian/lacustrine hypothesis.

[@jules1again]

Makes me wonder if all the ice that got blasted into the atmosphere caused the instant freeze on the Mammoths they found.

[@ImPrismuh]

I don’t think that would necessarily be the direct result. This is all an educated guess but I think since the energy of the impact object was directly disappeared into the earths atmosphere and land, it most likely would have warmed up the atmosphere slightly. But in order to have a proper scientific discussion I’ll think of ways I could be wrong. On the contrary to my theory, there is a chance that you might be right due to the chance of debris from the impact blocking out a majority of the sunlight for a long duration, almost immediately at the moment of impact. - College Grad with a B.S. in Physics

[@psycotria]

Zamora discusses disruption of weather patterns in some of his many videos. I've taken the time to watch every one of them.

[@psycotria]

@@ImPrismuh said; "... the energy of the impact object was directly disappeared into the earths atmosphere and land,..." Much of the glacier ice, along with a portion of Earth's atmosphere, were lifted as a unit into space.

[@ierdnall]

Excellent Presentation. I knew a little about the Bays in correlation to the Impact Theory but your technical breakdown ties the loose ends together. Academic Hubris is mostly to blame here. Heaven forbid The Lofty Towers could be wrong. They are experts and have some paper on the wall to prove it.

[@mattheweisley8570]

Brilliant work, as usual. Thank you for your videos.

[@richgerber3524]

Thank you

[@evilchaperone]

Wow. I live on Saginaw bay. There are some very odd rock formations in the area. I wonder if that's why. Ballistic strike.

[@kurt2612]

I love this.... actual research. Thank you very much for providing us with this information. Automatically subbed. Looking forward to more.

[@niko-qi1oi]

I am from Indiana and have found several dozen teardrop shaped Tektites. An impact happen at some point around Indiana.

[@phoenix042x7]

There is a confirmed impact site at Kentland Crater in Indiana. Shatter cones and shocked quartz are present. To get Tektites, you need an impact which creates molten impact glass, so it would have to be unrelated to the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis being discussed here.

[@patrickbrownrigg1058]

Very good Antonio. Lots of info derived from the geometry and physics.

[@Antonio_Zamora]

The video on quantification also looks at the thermodynamics: kzbin.info/www/bejne/eHiUimShhNSroM0

[@bassmason6451]

There is an impact site in Wisconsin called The Rock Elm Disturbance, idk if that helps.

[@ian_b]

Your videos are always a must-watch!

[@danielhickmott5800]

I intrigued to see the trajectories around the Great Lakes regions. It is reminiscent of the “meteor theory” concerning the great Chicago Fire of 1871 where several spontaneous fires erupted across Illinois that same night, all with the same vector.

[@michaelmccumber2430]

There were fires that night in Wisconsin and Michigan as well....

[@samadam-z]

maybe the circles may be volcanic mud along the line like all over southern illinois at new madrid fault

[@whispermason8052]

Look up , The Des Plains Distrurbance.

[@notmyrealname1437]

What's interesting about the ejected ice hypothesis is that it would have put a lot of water vapor in the upper atmosphere, which would have caused the upper atmosphere to heat up for years, which would have done a lot to melt the ice sheet.

[@blakethebadger1]

Water in the upper atmosphere would reflect sunlight. Like a body of water getting colder the deeper you go rite?

[@notmyrealname1437]

@@blakethebadger1 We heard about the upper atmosphere holding in heat when the 2022 Hunga Tonga undersea volcano sent ocean water into the upper atmosphere. At there height I am referring to, there is not enough water in the atmosphere to be near saturation, which is required for condensation.

[@benartie3904]

@@notmyrealname1437 so...if the upper atmosphere heated up, and in turn, helped to melt the various ice sheets rapidly, and all that "held up" moisture were to fall as precipitation, be the cause of world wide "the flood" myths ? hmm :) (not religious, the actual scientific evidence of large floods worldwide)

[@psycotria]

@@notmyrealname1437 "We heard about the upper atmosphere holding in heat when the 2022 Hunga Tonga undersea volcano sent ocean water into the upper atmosphere. ..." Yeah... The 'ClimatesChange, OMGs, hot-Hot-HOT" H2O injection didn't yield the forecast results... 'Scientists are baffled.'

[@badguy5554]

I believe there IS a mystery as to why human and animal life, along the East Coast was, extinguished during the Younger Dryas. Could this be THE answer or PART of THE answer?

[@unfixablegop]

Especially humans dying out is suspicious. Animals dying out when human come around is more the rule than the exception.

[@SlickRickDownSouth]

@@unfixablegop There is no way humans made the animals of that time period go instinct.

[@flyingnorseman]

I live in Northwest part of US state Georgia. Our soils is red clay. Its about 2 feet deep. Below this layer is a 1 inch thick layer of compressed ash. Its jet black and very hard. This layeris everywhere around my house. Something created a biblical fire that burned everything then was quickly covered in a tidal wave of high iron content clay. Whatever did this was a huge calamity.

[@stev838]

Mud flood. Edit. I’m in south west mich Here we can see the line of the ice cap. Deep rich top soil Yet ten miles north pure sand. Same elevation A hole dug 15 feet deep Showed Dark soil sand hard mud some gravel And 15 miles inland at 300 ft above sea level a small layer of sand brought by the lake then the top soil A few miles north. No top soil just sand. Stone tools show predominately left handed Large scrapers axes and Lots of Ohio churt Some flint points Lack the notch which are thought to be 12000 yrs old.

[@jvin248]

Look up solar micronova and pole shift.

[@21LAZgoo]

@@jvin248 it sucks the neanderthals and the australian megafauna got destroyed by the pole shift 42000 years ago, if that didnt happen wed prob still have them today

[@fortuitousthings8606]

It is possible that if the bays were created by massive falls of ice the chunks of ice would have collided with each other in the air this would present as some of the bays landing with divergent trajectories. Accuracy would be improved by measuring the trajectory of onle the largest bays as they would have been diverged less due to greater mass.

[@richardrhodes5644]

Ice chunks from a single impact site would be divergent. hence would not be on course to collide. More likely the impactor broke into several chunks, like Shoemaker Levy 9 on Jupiter. Then there would be a few different impact sites within minutes of each other

[@seanhewitt603]

I wonder if the force of impact of the comet(?) could have changed the tilt of earth, even by a couple feet...

[@noahjuanjuneau9598]

Doubtful. Since it was postulated that the impacting object was a ‘dust comet’ - not a very ‘solid’ contender for tilting the Earth’s axis - but enough to send a lot of frozen debris spattering around the landscape. Not all meteors are comprised of solid rock. Some are loose conglomerates of dust and small debris clumped together.

[@AveryChristy]

As noah said, but also this comet broke into pieces and shotgun blasted the earth at several impact points, most of which hit along the Laurentide Ice Sheet. No singular punch to tilt the earth. It did change the composition of the atmosphere, though. The atmosphere was more oxygen rich prior to the impact, now more carbon to oxygen ratio. The impacts appear to be British Columbia, this one in the Great Lakes area, the largest at Hiawatha in Greenland, and then a fourth contender just off the coast of Norway.

[@taborturtle]

I really enjoy watching your analysis and supporting maths. And, I am about 80% in agreement with your analysis. The only hanging question I have is that when we see results of craters caused by the level of energy you are suggesting, we see only circular craters. It's why the craters on the moon are all circular. I was actually surprised when I first saw the tests they do with high velocity impacts in the lab. Even at a 30° angle, a perfectly circular crater will form. The only time we see an ellipse is when it receives a glancing blow of almost 0°. I truly believe the cataclysm of the YD occurred, but I am not 100% convinced the Carolina Bays are showing this event. If we can figure out how it would create an elliptical crater at sub-orbital velocities, we would be able to say it has been solved. I know you did experiments shooting metal balls into clay, and this did show an ellipse. But the dynamics of a large piece of ice hitting the earth at the speeds you mention are not the same. It is a LOT more dynamic. We need to look at the high velocity science being done in labs in order to see what we are dealing with. Unfortunately, they, as well as the craters on the moon, are showing non-elliptical craters. Please keep up the awesome work! I think it can all be figured out, and we are the only ones doing this research. Mainstream science is not willing to take the risk and say things out of the norm. But the truth is bound to be found out there somewhere!

[@stivosaurus]

This is a good point. I believe the answer is that the bays were not formed directly by the primary impact(s), which as you say tends to be circular, but by 'stuff' from the ice sheet that was splashed by the primary impact which would give it's velocity a large horizontal component. Kind of like the splash when you jump in a mud puddle.

[@JohnJ469]

@@stivosaurus Agreed. Cosmically speaking these aren't "high velocity" events.

[@Antonio_Zamora]

A significant observation is that the Carolina Bays and the Nebraska Rainwater Basins only occur on unconsolidated ground that could have been liquefied by the seismic vibrations of the secondary impacts. An oblique impact on a viscous surface creates an inclined penetration funnel, which is a conical cavity that doesn't destroy the projectile, whereas an impact on hard ground destroys the projectile causing an explosion that makes a hemispherical impact cavity.

[@taborturtle]

@Antonio Zamora thanks for replying! If you know of any papers that talk about impacts on viscous surfaces, I'd love to read them! I have not yet come across any, but I'm excited to learn!

[@taborturtle]

@@JohnJ469 any large mass ejected into space and returning to the surface is definitely going to be considered high velocity and extremely energetic. Antonio was comparing them in terms of megatons of TNT, so yeah, definitely high energy impacts!

[@crystalfachko1905]

Thank you Sir, so glad I was fortunate enough to find you- just in time it seems, Love, Blessings and max Gratitude to you and yours 💖✌️🌎🇺🇸

[@becausereasons8981]

Waaaaiiiittt ...so You're sayin it's not just the impact in North America that's important but when meteors hit it launched giant chunks of ice everywhere? Do I understand that right?

[@Antonio_Zamora]

That is right. The ballistic sedimentation of the glacier ice boulders was a horrific hailstorm that killed the megafauna and the Clovis people from the Rocky Mountains to the East Coast of the United States.

[@becausereasons8981]

@@Antonio_Zamora It makes sense to me considering the ice sheet was miles thick...it wouldn't just evaporate. We've all seen a slow motion cam of a bullet hitting something. Never thought about it in these terms...

[@davechartier6898]

​@@Antonio_Zamora nice. Gunners mate USN '77-81 Ballistics and BIG bangs my bread and butter back then. Good analogy of magnifying a slow motion shot into strata shows ejected debris. Enlarged to a global scale..ice sheet pieces ejected could reach miles in actual shape. The pressure change so instantaneously would shatter matter. Good work 👍

[@SmallWonda]

All I can think is imagine if it happened tomorrow... Is great work you are doing Antonio.

[@TyrianHaze]

We did just get hit by something that exploded 2.5 billion light years away. It even blinded some of our satellites, and interacted with our atmosphere.

[@SamtheIrishexan]

This is a really good perspective. Great job sir 👏

[@bassomatic1871]

This is the most fascinating and informative video I have ever seen on KZbin. As a geology student in a NC university in the early 80's the creation of the Carolina Bays was presented as either meteorite impacts or marine littoral structures resulting from a receding ocean. Either way the "consensus" was it was a mystery. Were it caused by meteorites, where were the fragment remnants which had never been discovered? The theory of glacial ice ejecta combined with the azimuth orientations and ballistic trajectories is the most convincing theory to date, IMO. Thank-You Mr. Zamora for putting together a video report which connects the dots on this long running "mystery".

[@Antonio_Zamora]

I have had to go against the established mainstream with this hypothesis, but I think it is the only way to justify the mathematically elliptical geometry of the Carolina Bays.

[@psycotria]

I recently watched a well-reasoned video on the origin of petroleum seeps on a Caribbean island, by YT- TheGeoModels . I was impressed enough to change into Safari from Brave, so I could Like and Subscribe. I then found his recent video on Carolina Bays, in which he even uses the Zamora Glacier Ice Impact paper that was published in Geomorphology in a scene. I was pleasantly surprised that he gave it some time. Unfortunately, TheGeoModels then goes on to spout "wind & water", "thermo-karst", and "ovals", with much hand-waving, in his rejection of the hypothesis. In his weak-sauce discussion, he omitted matters of fact that should have been included in any video on the subject. Give it a look and comment...

[@melissabess7854]

There is a circular formation to the East of Memphis TN. It is surrounded mostly by Grays Creek. It is around 5 miles in diameter. I have not seen an explanation for it as yet.

[@duxgarnifex3678]

The straight lines on a mercurator projection could benefit from curves but in that math altitude is important. If you find the spot then work it backwards to the bay to get the altitude

[@Antonio_Zamora]

The Coriolis effect was discussed here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/q5eyqnese9hlr8U

[@duxgarnifex3678]

I'm also open to the idea that a generalization can give an idea of a neighborhood or vicinity and for much of these Concepts that is an adequate starting point.

[@thomassherer5962]

@@duxgarnifex3678 I would think that software similar to that used to analyze the LIDAR data from Central America to find the missing Mayan, et al. cities could be used on USGS & USC&GS mappings for impact craters all over the US. I would presume that Canada also has such. And I would bet that this has already been done, if not for the benefit of USGS, then of DOD.

[@nativespiritindian8278]

bravo we have known this for hundreds of years blessings to you

[@Antonio_Zamora]

Thank you for your comment. We need some leads about the Tulsa basin. kzbin.info/www/bejne/Y2rNnYNtg8SWo6M

[@nativespiritindian8278]

@@Antonio_Zamora can Tahlequah- the Cherokee help you A ho

[@bartbullock9742]

Dude... I could have caught the most righteous wave, and surfed all the way around the world man!!!!😊 I first read about this theory back in the 80s, I had always figured it was the case, think about the oceans being 300 ft lower, I bet you walking around this planet wouldn't have been so wet! The Mediterranean, the damn that was at Gibraltar, must have been a sight to behold, pretty safe bet you could have watched it on top of the big rocks there in Spain I'm willing to bet that the valley of the Mediterranean was a very nice marshland with lakes and fertile soil, on a wild hunch😊 it probably rain for 40 days and 40 nights, I don't know why that number came to me, it's nice and round I heard it somewhere 😁

[@richardlong3745]

Actually your video really does dive deep into giving some serious insight to what may have happened to any ancient human population that living almost anywhere in the entire eastern part of N.. America that laid south of the massive Laurentide Ice Sheet, I'm sure humans weren't wandering around on the ice sheets but the bordering regions south may have been a wide open hunting ground for large herding animals so these animals and hunting humans would wipe clean out along with human populations in south eastern coastal areas except maybe for modern day Gulf Coastal and very south eastern US regions might have survived somewhat from being incinerated.

[@Antonio_Zamora]

Something that surprised me was the human Y chromosome bottleneck that followed the Younger Dryas. kzbin.info/www/bejne/pojOZouVja57gK8

[@davidlaney6153]

Clovis...is the culture that disappears after Greenland impact.

[@richardlong3745]

@@davidlaney6153 Great point, this event really setback human development in N. America great because at the time of Columbus both Central and S. America had large human population especially compared to N. America even after a 12 thousand span of time.

[@josephcernansky1794]

@@davidlaney6153 They recently discovered Clovis camp sites in the Chesapeake Bay hundreds of yards and even miles from the present shoreline. The Chesapeake was more of a wide shallow river (the Susquehanna River) that flowed into a much smaller and deep bay nearer the Atlantic Ocean.

[@JasonRule-1]

The ejecta would also have a horizontal speed matching that of the Earth's rotation at the time of the initial impact. That horizontal speed would slow down as it traveled through the atmosphere. So what that means to me is that instead of drawing straight lines to determine the paths, it would seem to be more reasonable to draw a sideways curve for each impact back to the source. The curve of each path would be different depending upon each object's direction in relation to the Earth's rotation as well as the amount of time that the object was predicted to have spent traveling. Doing that might actually bring all of the source points back to Saginaw?

[@Antonio_Zamora]

The Coriolis effect during an 8-minute ballistic flight is significant, but surprisingly small because it is due to the difference of the Earth's surface rotation at two latitudes. By the way, all the trajectories are suborbital spaceflights in the vacuum of space. Only launch and re-entry are influenced by atmospheric effects. See this video: kzbin.info/www/bejne/q5eyqnese9hlr8U

[@JasonAry]

Another great video. Question, with this triangulation of the Carolina Bays, Nebraska Rainwater, and related basins/impacts....could we not just locate it to a particular area, but a particular time-of-day when the impact hit? For instance, if this came out of the summer Taurids stream, we know a 2-3 week window when this would happen. If we looked at the impact angle of the Bays, could we not deduce what time of day the impact must of come in? For instance, wouldn't a NW to SE angle suggest an impact in the late afternoon?

[@Antonio_Zamora]

If the impacts on the Laurentide Ice Sheet by the Great Lakes were from a comet that became fragmented after going around the Sun, then the impacts were probably when it was daytime in America. In other words, America would have been facing the Sun when the comet debris coming from the direction of the Sun crossed the Earth's orbit.

[@PaulHigginbothamSr]

Thank you Antonio for this excellent presentation. The fact that the outlying descriptions of this even is hilarious. To be hilarious in your outcome is not a position to be in as a scientist. When lidar shows all the splashing impacts in graphic detail. No explantion could be forthcoming when examining lidar from the higher locations in the mountains. All their explanations of windblown expression can be discounted totally. What is unknown from your study Antonio is how many fragments in what period of time impacted the Michigan area. The value of the detonations upon launch and landing should be calculable to the Younger Dryas. This would have killed every animal on the east coast impact zone and any Clovis people in the area. Even Nebraska would have had an enormous extinction of wildlife clear down through Indiana and Ohio. This impact was serious enough to make the extinction of megafauna likely as the entry point from the Southwest would have fried any wildlife from Arizona clear to Michigan. Any megafauna found in the NW region would have been hunted much more agressively since it was the only area unaffected.

[@psycotria]

The LIDAR data does make it obvious, doesn't it? What kind of 'scientist' can look at that data and continue to say, "Thermo-karst... wind & water... ovals..."? Scientists who aren't interested in solving the 'Mystery' will continue to hand-wave until they retire. Job security...

[@akesha4138]

Great report, good science, well done!

[@thomaselmore1155]

Modied my sinkhole. Has a Tiki bar in it.

[@BitwiseMobile]

This makes much more sense than the Greenland hypothesis. In that case it was a single impact, but based on the evidence it didn't carry enough energy to cause the cataclysmic changes we see evidence of from the Younger Dryads. In fact based on the trajectory of the other ejecta you could surmise that some could have gone in a northeastern direction and based on the calculated energy they would have had plenty of energy to reach Greenland. So maybe Greenland did get hit, but it was really ejecta and not the main impact. This hypothesis seems more intuitive, but that's not really science. Your data does corelate which adds some weight to the notion. Without further experimentation though I would have to say this is probably the strongest idea put forth yet. It also makes sense that the Great Lakes are really just parts of a giant crater lake which would have been the remnants from the ice sheet covering that area after most of it was vaporized from the impact. The Great Lakes are very deep, and it never made sense to me that a glacier would have burrowed hundreds of feet into the ground in order to create the glacial lake. Most glacial lakes are in mountainous or hilly areas where the retreating glacier leaves behind parts which end up melting and filling depressions that already exist in the landscape. It's rare that they form on flat ground like the Great Lakes did, and I don't think there are any examples where they are as large as the Great Lakes.

[@AhJodie]

What an incredible video. Just picturing this situation is freaky.! Why are you thinking it was ice, and not dirt or rocks? I have heard stories about when there was a situation like this, if it was ice, rock, meters or what was so intense that the Indigenous were hiding in tunnels and caves! Thank you!

[@Antonio_Zamora]

If the bays had been made by rocks, there would be a big crater where they came from. Also, rock has three times the density of ice and it would not have traveled as far.

[@AhJodie]

@@Antonio_Zamora Oh, that is interesting! I have heard different arguments against the ice age, and so was thinking along those lines. Thank you for responding.

[@scottowens1535]

Did it have to happen at YD? Noticed the date of the loss at the rainwater basins at 27,000. Just read some articles about Alaskan megafauna finds with microspherules in the sediments inside the skull cavities and the dating shows 47thou. 28thou. And 12thou. The exam of the spheres show different composition and probable multiple events. Everything I read put together leads me to believe this is a very common event and we better get informed about it. The one time in history that we know of where we could potentially change the course .

[@Antonio_Zamora]

I have calculated that the saturation bombardment deposited up to 8 megatons of kinetic energy per square kilometer. The ballistic sedimentation occurred within a radius of 1500 km. For this reason, the emplacement of the Carolina Bays has to be associated with an extinction event. The question of the dates will continue to be debated for a long time. See this video: kzbin.info/www/bejne/mmfKmqaOdtWWrZo