Your 3DS can run PS1 Games

The New Nintendo 3DS with Homebrew can run PS1 Games! I found RetroArch's PCSX ReARMed Emulator so incredible, that I wanted to share some gameplay of 12 amazing PS1 Games running on my hacked 3DS. It's impressive what this modded handheld console from 2014 still can achieve to this day. In this video I will let the games primarily speak for themselves, with some added comments about the performance and other quirks.
Feel free to skip around the video to see your favorite titles and subscribe if you enjoyed it!
Chapters:
00:00 - Intro
01:15 - Tomb Raider
02:07 - Ape Escape
03:16 - Spyro the Dragon
04:02 - Gran Turismo 2
05:14 - Rayman 2: The Great Escape
06:10 - Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone
07:01 - Crash Team Racing
08:02 - Crash Bandicoot
08:48 - Final Fantasy VII
09:35 - Metal Gear Solid
10:16 - Castlevania: Symphony of the Night
11:15 - Need for Speed 3: Hot Pursuit
11:56 - Summary

[@krstabankovic9999]

Great, I spent half an hour writing a comment on how to optimize the settings for this emulator and youtube deleted it :|

[@Chronz]

They only allow shitposts

[@balleater1538]

@@Chronz🤬🤬🤬😱😑🇨🇳🇨🇳🍜

[@rodmukesjr5725]

Make a video on it

[@ISAK.M]

Skill issue tbh 🤷‍♂️

[@chokedbybacklog5433]

​@@ISAK.Mcringe, unfunny joke tbh

[@riston7264]

my first playthrough of mgs1 was on a 3ds... it was perfect, I loved it.

[@mrvolo8282]

I tried to play months ago but I changed to play in my PC because in the 3ds the fps were very unstable, in 80% of the time the game tuned well but some scenes, specially cinematics laged a lot like being in slow motion. I used the new 3ds not the regular 3ds to be clear

[@life09m]

tbh the game lags in general because of its limitations, even on the metal gear collection , the first game lags a lot during gameplay and cutscene when too much is going on . its just how the ps1 ran it .@@mrvolo8282

[@masam9700]

The new 3ds xl is such a nice little emulating machine. Before I got a steamdeck, i would always bring my 3ds with me to work, packed to the brim with games

[@IAm-zo1bo]

It's more compact but the steam deck is the ultimate emulation machine

[@cloudycolacorp]

@@IAm-zo1bo You just can’t beat the steam deck for sheer number of possible playable games. It’s everything I ever wanted in a handheld. Not so great for taking to work though, I often just put my PSP in my handbag if I want to play something on break

[@bweaddss]

@@cloudycolacorpit seems really good, but I think I'll wait until I can cram something with power like that into my pockets, lol

[@cloudycolacorp]

@@bweaddss that's fair. it's no gba micro lol

[@TheMarc1k1]

I remember back when I was hoping they could get decent N64 Emulation on the PSP, they did pretty well but I don't know if they ever got it to run something to a playable degree - love to see independent programmers take on these challanges.

[@SolicSnake]

I remember it too Mario 64 was running pretty good.. Still good memories.

[@Exter-er7kf]

i think so. they give us hope

[@eightcoins4401]

I think n64 is actually harder to emulate than ps1 though

[@johnrickard8512]

It ran Mario Kart 64 well enough with the right settings.

[@Planeta-Shelezyaka]

The is a perfect accuracy between talking speed and speed of emulating games in this video. Just great!

[@JuanxDlol]

Your NEW 3DS can run PS1 games. Old 3DS and 2DS cant.

[@X862go]

💯

[@X862go]

So odd the new 3ds is so much more powerful 😅

[@luisrafaelferminmontilla7987]

I ran Symphony of the Night.

[@WubstahWulf]

@@X862go it isnt odd, the new 3DS models had updated hardware and also had New 3DS ENhanced games that if played on a new 3DS it would have better performance and graphics

[@Angultra]

@@WubstahWulfyup same with DS and DSi, dsi was more powerful

[@life09m]

this is how I played all the resident evil games !! even games that I know will never see the light of day again like master blaster, Alundra 2, parasite eve ,etc.

[@Goatythemeow]

I really want to play the old resi games on 3ds but I have the old model. So it probably won't run well

[@scutoid-backrooms]

​@@Goatythemeowyou're right, I'm afraid you're out of luck performance-wise

[@sias.2569]

You get a thumbs up from me 👍 Edit: I had no problems with symphony of the night. I only experience slow down after I beat a boss and collected their orbs.

[@glow_n_show8968]

Did You Edit the config too?

[@sias.2569]

@@glow_n_show8968 yeah, but it’s a little different because I used the forwarder instead. It’s an older version of pcsx rearmed, but I can install the title directly on the home screen instead of having to sift through menus.

[@yobama5288]

​@@sias.2569Do you have a link to a tutorial to do that :0

[@sias.2569]

@@yobama5288 (I assume you are using Retroarch. I am using an earlier version of Retroarch so some names may be different for step 2) 1. Convert the bin/cue file into chd format using chdman (do this for all ps1 games btw) 2. Go into the Retroarch menu during gameplay -> core options -> video (here turn threaded rendering to asynchronous, there are other tweaks here like frameskip. That helps really well with Klonoa) 3. Going back into core options, go into gpu plug-in (advanced and turn it all on) [texture blending, lighting effects, fast lighting, hi-res downscaling] 4. You can turn on the speed hacks as well to get better performance I guess, but I don’t need it. Edit: 5. Don’t forget to save these settings in “manage core options” under core options. Otherwise it won’t remember your configuration.

[@yobama5288]

@@sias.2569 Could you email me the instructions if that is okay. If not no biggie :)

[@mochorocho]

It would be really great if you have any ressources on what settings to apply in retroarch to get such perfomrance.. My games run slower with audio glitches etc... cant get it right.

[@LuRecs]

OpenLara exists for 3DS too, if you want the best experience, I'd say 😄 but it's amazing how many ps1 titles are playable on the 3ds now

[@ukeyaoitrash2618]

also for GBA lol

[@johnrickard8512]

The fact that they got OpenLara running on the GBA is nothing short of an impossible port, and I always love those! Another good one is Quake for the Atari Falcon

[@maxrichards5925]

& 32X which is insane lol

[@splitter7376]

Never even thought of this as a possibility tbh but a pretty decent idea even if a compatibly list may be required.

[@Alexander-nd5de]

Legend of the dragoon is an awesome tittle to run on the 3ds. I've still never finished the 4 disc series but its a favorite of mine

[@stefanolassandro886]

Great video! What version of RetroArch are you using?

[@Guovssohas]

Installed retroarch the other day, and eventually got it running. I wanted to play Ape escape since it's a nostalgic game for me. It works fine but i noticed that when i run straight ahead, the character only walks, so i have to hold the circle pad slightly to the right or left for him to run properly. Did you notice that? Also when i remap some of the buttons it doesn't save the setting, do i have to remap them everytime? Edit; figured it out, just an input setting or whatever it was. Also saved my button mapping.

[@harmless_xd4107]

what settings are you using? I have a new 2ds xl and I'm using CHD files but I'm having performance issues with some games that are said to run flawlessly (mainly Klonoa runs quite poorly). I turned on asynchronous threading but it didn't do much to help.

[@sias.2569]

You can alter the settings to get Klonoa to run at full speed. You just need to turn frameskip to auto and that will fix the audio issues. If you couple that with the comment listing the other optimizations then you are golden. Edit: I have tested this and Klonoa runs great for me. Very playable.

[@jaydeebow6431]

My nephew just gave me the new 3DS XL and like 7 games and I am happy with it. Great little handheld.

[@thebasketballhistorian3291]

Seems cool if you already have a 3DS or like using 3DS hardware but... tons of retro portables can emulate the PS1 and N64 perfectly and even upscaled. That seems to be the way to go instead of worrying about frame and sound skips half the time. I'm personally using a Retroid Pocket 2+ which I bought a long time ago for $100.

[@TurboPikachu]

This is gonna be the way I want to experience Tail Concerto for the first time

[@TheInfectiousCadaver]

my 3ds is about to get a whole new life. should probably dust it off and deep clean it lmao

[@jeb_leeds2928]

This is actually a really great video I always thought 3ds needed PS1 to shine

[@Ryuujin1078]

It shines on its own

[@RetroNoticias]

Remember to activare async CD accesss and async audio in settings and you can reach stable 60fps

[@rustlethyjimmies]

Hey so I played Castlevania SOTN and experienced no issues that you are having lol. The worst I had was a tiny bit of a frame drop, 60 to 40ish at best, whenever a 3D monster showed up (like the bundle of weapons monster). Was able to complete the whole game with no issues.

[@GamingtheOtter]

I wish you could be on my 3ds panel at pax east! subbed and liked!

[@smallthoughts_nl]

Sounds like a dream! Would love to join, but unfortunately I'm from Europe :p

[@luisd.mancilla8169]

I've found that for Tomb Raider it's better to run the game natively on the NN3DS via the OpenLara project

[@The_Wandering_Nerd]

We had workable PS1 emulation back in 1999 on PowerPC iMacs with Virtual Game Station and on the Dreamcast with Bleem, and I think the New 3DS has a CPU and video hardware nearly as good as either of them

[@andy5178]

Honestly, although there was much more work behind it, Virtual Game Station ran supported games far, far better than the 3DS: Nintendo portable consoles have always been underpowered, and although the 3DS was fine back in 2011, it still paled in comparison to the PS Vita (and even the PSP, since it could run most Ps1 games flawlessly). Even a portable console from 2011 should've been way faster than a PPC G3 machine coupled with an Ati Rage.

[@sirsilentxx]

Hi I have a question I'm playing a game for ps1 on my 3DS and i need more then one save . Is there anyway to mimic a memory card with an app and if so please help me ? Thank you .

[@ZephaniahNoah]

Whether a system is capable of emulating certain consoles has less to do with how powerful the console is and more to do with how well the emulator was written.

[@Mienshaos]

oh boy, i can't wait to replay crash 1 on another console :^)

[@Concreteowl]

N64 has always been tough to emulate. I remember back in the original Xbox emulator days it was oftentimes not worth the effort.

[@natjoe4763]

What black magic are you using? I tried this like 5 days ago and gran turismo ran at a buttery smooth 5 frames per second, with terrible audio to boot. I am also using a new 3ds xl

[@smallthoughts_nl]

Did you use the emulator from RetroArch or just a CIA file?

[@natjoe4763]

@@smallthoughts_nl I used retro arch, and I turned on asynchronous threading and that fixed it. Gran turismo runs at a locked 30 frames. Thanks for your help!

[@Autipapa]

How can i remap the buttons for ape escape? It lets me remap everything but the Thumb buttons.. :/

[@lactobacillusprime]

It translates rather well to the tint screen doesn’t it? 😮

[@smallthoughts_nl]

Yeah, the look feels oddly at home on the 3DS!

[@kuwabaraterno]

new 3ds: runs ps1 games old 3ds: emulates a advance game at 10 fps

[@clydefrosch]

Weird, I remember sotn being one of the few games that Acurally run really well. Didnyou have higher clocks enabled?

[@PSVitaFan]

I've played through and finished Suikoden 1 & 2 , Tales of Destiny 2 runs great I'm playing Vanguard Bandits right now and Arc the Lad runs great on the 3DS accept the memory card doesn't work like the original PS1 or the linux-based handheld emulators retroarch does individual saves so you can't load up import the save from the first game when you start second or the second for the Third game, the emulator runs decent considering the new 3ds/2ds is only an 800+ MHz processor and for perfect ps1 emulation you need the processor around 1gig or more

[@CodreaDAce]

I found suikoden 2 little bit laggy when battling. What is your setting bud

[@samq1004]

Thanks for making this video. If you hadn't made this, I probably would not have thought to try running PS1 games on my 2DS XL. I tried out a handful of games initially and all of them ran poorly so I gave up. I later did some research and tried converting the bin/cue files into .chd format. Now those games run smoothly. No slow down. The games I tried are Mega Man X4 Mega Man X5 Castlevania - Symphony of the Night Vagrant Story The Raiden Project

[@gerardonavarro3400]

I wish I could play Symphony of the night on my 3ds, but I have an old one that probably doesn't run it

[@pacomatic9833]

@@gerardonavarro3400 Yeah, O3DS won't get you far. Sorry m8.

[@daddykarlmarx6183]

This is cool and all but man if you really want to play ps1 games on a handheld get a vita, a modded vita is a beast, better emulation, many homebrew ports, natively runs ps1, psp, and ps vita games, with the vita library including tons of ports of games from the ps2 and ps3, dont get me wrong i love my ds, but if you like this sort of thing i strongly recommend the vita

[@vezodus]

The problem is all of these emulated games consume battery more than a normal 3ds game. I tried tenchu 2 and it ate my battery like in no time...

[@cloudycolacorp]

I was playing harry potter on original hardware recently and it lags in the great hall there too. That room is pushing the hardware really hard, hence no NPCs

[@temmorijken5762]

3ds or only new 3ds?

[@ShadowDSi]

where do you get the cia of this emu at?

[@Leopz_00]

im getting "failed to load content" in a bunch of these games. but not all. any idea what could be causing it? ive tried .cue and .chd and it happens on both.

[@jayzpov]

you might need a .cue and a .bin file its like that for the wii though so idk

[@berg450]

Considering that the 3DS is powerful enough to run some PS2 era games, it would be really neat if we could get PS1 era games and N64 games working at full speed on the system. Its powerful enough, however the PS1 didn't need to emulate itself to get FF7 working so there's always going to be that need for extra power. I am a little disappointed the 3DS didn't follow the Square Enix trend for re-releasing Final Fantasy games. We got I&II, IV, V and VI for the GBA, we got a 3d remake of IV and III for the DS, we could have gotten 7, 8 and 9 for the 3DS. A wasted opportunity. So many PSP and PS1 games could have done amazing on the 3DS.

[@VOAN]

Nah Square Enix just didn't had the interest to port FF5-X on there. At the very least we got Dragon Quest IV-IX.

[@abrahamicreligionsbowbefor3585]

Pretty cool, but redundant if you have a hacked PSP/Vita :P

[@mrvolo8282]

I have a Vita and i prefer using 3ds for psx games because of the type of pixels the 3ds is syperior also have r2 an dl2 buttons, ita dont

[@JosePineda-jn8jk]

I don’t do this seems perfect!

[@ALegitPooperVideos]

Are you using bin/cue files? I heard if you use PBP or chd files the games run really well. Plus they take up less file space.

[@smallthoughts_nl]

I used bin/cue files, indeed. I've heard about chd files as well, perhaps it would run even better 🤔

[@retrofunkyninja399]

I have a few pbp files that run flawlessly on new 3DS, which includes Castlevania SOTN 👍

[@smallthoughts_nl]

Did you experience any of the issues in the video, or did Castlevania run perfectly?

[@retrofunkyninja399]

@@smallthoughts_nl None of the issues in your video. It’s been absolutely perfect so far and I’ve played for approx 1 hour for testing. I was blown away! 😍

[@smallthoughts_nl]

Damn, it can really only get better if you find the right setup! Thanks for sharing your experience, I'm curious about trying it myself now 😄

[@carloscota2203]

how about silent hill on the 3ds?

[@EvertvanIngen]

Funny; if you play this video at 1.25 playback speed, he talks at normal speed XD

[@madworld3572]

Lol I like the way he talk

[@mochorocho]

any chance to get ur settings for mgs ?`

[@chloeryanvtuber]

this is really cool but why play the ps1 version of rayman on the 3ds, when it has an official 3DS port lol

[@gutterskulk6934]

sounds like werner herzog narrating a psx on 3ds video lol

[@emeraldnoir7099]

HOW do I set up RetroArch to play FF7!?

[@olevet75]

does 3d effect do anything to these games?

[@giulio1189]

How to play ps games? I have file ISO , how ti convert?

[@ArtisanAspirationWorks]

I'm wondering how it should be optimized based on how well they look.

[@JuwanBuchanan]

I feel like it’s better to play N64 and PS1 games on the PC than on the 3DS. It’s amazing the 3DS is capable of running them at all and can at least run a few without issues.

[@kasonmoise7518]

isnt the ds and dsi also faster than ps1. but i think you need atleast 3x the power to emulate a console

[@Valuce]

rayman 2 has an official port called rayman 3d on the 3ds btw

[@megapixel2004]

I lost my patience with N3DSXL ps1 emulation and ended up buying a near mint Vita 2k for $140. No more dropped frames or emulation bugs. 3DS experience: FF7 effects lag for big boss battles. BOF4 huge frame drops while naving towns. CnC random lock ups followed by frame drops. In the end, I couldn't settle for the market terminology "playable" as that term is relative. For ps1 emulation, the Vita or PSP is the best mobile experience.

[@Intelligenz_Bestie]

does this emulator support stereoscopic 3D for any of these games?

[@connor9568]

No

[@Intelligenz_Bestie]

@@connor9568 oh well, that's a shame but not surprising

[@ABlob]

Oh man, I've been using the wrong PS1 emulator all this time, I guess. Mine runs at like 5 FPS on New 3DS.

[@asleep_asthestars_speak]

Does anyone know if the base model 3ds can run these smoothly as well, or is it best on the new 3ds since its a bit more powerful?

[@BryanPopeProductions]

Sadly no.

[@benjaminmedrano4493]

I saw someone operate tekken 1 on his n3ds. Anyone know how to get it to work?

[@electroniccounternightcore4449]

Can a new PS2 with the additional circle made for kid Icarus?

[@cowaborange]

"just like the title suggests metal gear solid indeed has solid performance"🔥🔥🔥

[@Ryuujin1078]

Now just for all 3DS or is it for the new 3DS? What about 2DS?!

[@johnboona4048]

Impressive but a 2020 Android phone with a snapdragon 865 can do this through duckstation with the resolution upscaled to 1080. The reason why I'm saying this is because new 3ds' are more expensive than a 2020 android phones right now.

[@HaunterOfKanto]

Isn’t there a circle pad you can get and add to a 3DS to make it have two joy sticks?

[@OldManPhil]

Only on the old 3ds/xl models.

[@Great-Documentaries]

Given that the N64 was much more powerful than a PS1, why does it surprise you that a handheld that emulate N64 can also emulate the older PS1?

[@smallthoughts_nl]

In hindsight, it sounds silly now :p But at the time of making the video it surprised me that the 3DS, a Nintendo console, had more difficulty with the N64, also a Nintendo console, than a non-Nintendo competitor from the same generation.

[@giuliogia6804]

How to play this? I istalled retroarch , i download file ISO game but dont run...i convert file in cue bin but It Say error... Please help me

[@sias.2569]

It can do bin/cue, but I reccomend CHD format. The 3ds retroarch app CANNOT do ISO.

[@DragoonMS]

Ah. Emulation. I totally didn't think of that, I used a process involving a PSone to EBOOT converter and a PSone forwarder to inject'em directly, like with any not-really-Virtual-Console thing. The drawback to that is that they're HUGE, easily up into the 1-3GB size range like 3DS games.

[@sias.2569]

My goodness, 1-3 GB is massive for a PS1 game on the 3ds. My largest game by far is FFIX and it takes up 1.5 GB. The forwarder seems nice, but it’s not the best if you value performance. It’s based on an outdated version of the emulator. Also, compress your games into CHD or PBP. Preferably CHD for superior file compression. PS. FFIX runs really well if you optimize your settings right.

[@cockroach_man.0217]

Can it running on .iso ?

[@Demonskunk]

It’s not really that weird. The N64 is infamously difficult to emulate, whereas the PS1 is basically solved.

Yeah some sounds and frame drops can easily be fixed by some settings

[@jaguar4120]

What are the correct settings?

@@jaguar4120 im talking about underclocking, maybe mipmaping, shading, VSync, threads, bios everything possible to make it run better. Depend most of hardware so i cant tell exacly what it is and some times it dont fixes the problem, but what i saw it almost handle the games in brute force, fixes it will be easy Even more when we talk about ps1 games

[@jaguar4120]

@ How do I get into the settings on the 3DS?

[@sha9y1998]

Is that a Hugo Black Diamond Fever theme playing in the background?

[@smallthoughts_nl]

Yes 😎

[@sha9y1998]

@@smallthoughts_nl Nice 😎 I see a real man of culture right here. Appreciate you answering!

[@Suicoo]

but what about PS1 in 3D? I have 10s of devices capable of emulating PS1 - but only one 3D-screen.

[@PikaLink91]

"Can it run PS1 games?" "Not legally... but yes".

[@pedromendes5910]

Amazing video, thanks!! Have you tried/succeded playing Spiderman 1 and/or 2 on it? I tried via CIA injection but the control wasn't great, I couldn't map the L2/R2 buttons, as well as the C-Stick for the 2nd analog.

[@bvd_vlvd]

I assume essentially none of this applies for old editions, right?

[@smallthoughts_nl]

I've read of people who managed to get some 2D games to run on it, so it’s not impossible. But other than that, most PS1 games are likely unplayble on the old 3DS.

[@erick_ac]

People have this weird notion that the PS1 "should" be harder to emulate than the N64, but as a matter of fact, the N64 (93.75 MHz, 125MIPS) can move MORE triangles than the PS1 (33.86 MHz, 30MIPS), it's just that the disc format allowed Sony to put more data (more textures for the models).

[@d00mkaiser]

yeah some games are playable and it was pretty fun to mess around and see what'd work, but I eventually got a vita and I just play ps1 games on that

[@Willymento27]

Hi is possible to play ps1's games on a old 3ds console?

[@eliserss]

i'll go out on a limb and say no, they already don't seem to run smoothly

[@Alexander-nd5de]

There's some weirdness about 3ds ps1 emulation. I've had both a buttery smooth experience with Castlevania and a terrible one. I reverted to an older version of the core and I haven't had problems again. something happened between versions where it is basically garbage tier emulation for some reason. Aka: try different core versions. it could be just enough to make 'that' game of yours playable or a little studdery. 10:42 About the text: Turn on Bilinear filtering. otherwise the emulation is picking and choosing pixels to put on your screen (since the ps1 is rendering at a higher resolution

[@CrocoDylianVT]

**cries in old 2DS**

[@avocadosfrommexico8452]

can old 3ds do it?

[@unknown-kb5wg]

How about suikoden 1 and 2? Did it run perfectly?

[@sias.2569]

Suikoden 2 runs well. I have tweaked the settings, but it runs at full speed.

[@flikkie72]

I'm confused, you say they can run on "your 3ds" which makes me believe ANY 3ds should work, but then you go on to say you ran it on a more powerful new 3ds. So can an old 3ds (xl) run these games or not?

[@wololonet-tt4mb]

Can anyone have tried to run legend of legaia?

[@frizzyrascal1493]

I‘d love to play Tomb Raider and GTA 2 on it…

[@legoboy-ox2kx]

GT2 is probably running out of memory and having to constantly swap data in and out of memory in those tracks because there's too much on screen at once.

[@deniseciaterrell635]

So that's why i saw um jammer lammy on a 3DS..

[@PikachuGamerSMT]

Is it better than the Wii emulator version

[@bruhmoment5974]

L pfp

[@shaolinsnake9650]

dont expect old 3ds to run these tho, excepted some few 2d games

[@scutoid-backrooms]

just remember, use CHD files for best speed!

[@jfiffl7]

I Played Austin powers Pinball and it was Groovy Baby'

[@PKSuperStar256]

I hope it can run Klonoa: Door to Phantomile on it.

[@nascour5991]

can it run ps2 games though

[@neoguaren]

I started a Gran Turismo 2 race on the 3DS emulator and another on Duckstation at exactly the same time. While the Duckstation race clocked in at 20 seconds on the 3DS, barely 17 had passed 😂

[@sasoriobinnamii9223]

i played ps1 games on my 3ds for a good year until i got a secondary retro handheld like the ayn odin pro, it was fun but the constant crashes especially the 3d games annoyed the hell out of me. dr slump ran very good. some games just didn't work at all, some nightly releases of the pcsx rearmed while it fix compatibility with some games i wanted to play, it broke it for the games i already found working in my folder that i already had save progress with.

[@JackInABeanstalk98]

surprising that it seems so difficult to emulate these games. Even the Dreamcast and PSP handily emulated PS1 games. Had a basic laptop from 2012 that emulated Kingdom Hearts 1 in HD no less

[@ommsterlitz1805]

I wish there was just a bigger screen handheld like the miyoo mini + to run ps1 games it would really be perfect

[@MiriadCalibrumAstar]

can the 3ds be overclocked? if so it could have a better time with slowdowns.

[@karlelmagnifico564]

No

[@MiriadCalibrumAstar]

@@karlelmagnifico564 Even the gba color can be overclocked, i bet the 3ds can too.

[@kacperzimowski4626]

While Rayman 2: Great Escape is a nice "proof of concept", the actual game is is silky smooth on 3DS in its retail 3DS version. You probably showed to many people what to expect from 3D games of this sort, however, the game itself is already available on 3DS.

[@patek2385]

What about PSP?