Velociraptor: Your Dinosaurs Are Wrong #24

/ ydaw -- Finally, it is here! We can thank Jurassic Park for turning Velociraptor into a household name, but since then the real animal has managed to step out of its movie monster counterpart's shadow. Watch to see how!
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00:00 Intro
01:09 Overview & History
15:03 Body Size
16:18 Head Shape
27:38 Integument
30:50 Hand Posture
38:55 Pupil Shape
45:19 Speed
51:04 Claw Function
56:33 Pack Behavior
57:39 Intelligence
59:42 Fighting Dinosaurs Specimen
1:02:57 Conclusion
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Video Contents:
15:02 Size
16:20 Head
27:36 Integument
30:49 Forelimbs
38:53 Slit Pupils
45:17 Speed
51:01 Sickle Claws
56:30 Pack Behavior
57:35 Intelligence
59:38 Fighting Dinosaurs Specimen
Sources and links:
Properly formatted version (which is over the video description character limit): docs.google.com/document/d/1X...
1:17 utahdinosaurs.com/
3:45 www.flickr.com/photos/interne...
4:40 news.yale.edu/2015/06/18/yale...
5:28 commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
7:40 • From the Archives - Ce...
7:51 archive.org/details/newconque...
8:40 digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstr...
13:05 peabody.yale.edu/sites/default...
13:19 flic.kr/p/muc1y8
13:35 paleoglot.org/files/Barsbold_...
14:51 hdl.handle.net/2246/3557
14:51 31:53 hdl.handle.net/2246/3025
17:21 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dr...
17:21 commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
19:00 books.google.com/books/about/...
20:18 qilong.wordpress.com/2011/09/...
20:18 markwitton-com.blogspot.com/20...
20:18 www.skeletaldrawing.com/home/...
20:40 flic.kr/p/69kgCn
20:40 commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
21:09 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sa...
21:09 commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
21:20 commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
22:59 35:35 doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14576
24:56 doi.org/10.1002/ar.24218
26:29 doi.org/10.2307/4088897
32:10 doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(200...
33:48 doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone....
40:05 doi.org/10.1126/science.1200043
40:12 commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
43:28 doi.org/10.1242/jeb.018630
47:22 doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.201...
48:12 doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1...
50:55 54:25 journals.plos.org/plosone/art...
51:27 doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7577
56:21 doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.201...
56:55 doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1995...
57:12 doi.org/10.3374/0079-032X(200...
58:16 doi.org/10.1002/cne.23444
58:50 doi.org/10.1111/joa.13160
59:05 www.app.pan.pl/article/item/a...
59:05 books.google.com/books?id=L-Z...
1:00:26
www.researchgate.net/publicat...
1:00:52 theropoda.blogspot.com/2008/1...
1:02:10 flic.kr/p/muc27n
1:02:33 doi.org/10.1134/S003103011612...
Turns out Dr. Witton is doing a series of blogs about Dromaeosaurs in pop culture
markwitton-com.blogspot.com/2...
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If you'd like to send us mail, you can post it to our address here:
Your Dinosaurs Are Wrong
Attn: Steven Bellettini
1765 3 Mile Rd. NE #150248
Grand Rapids, MI 49505
'Your Dinosaurs Are Wrong' is a series that makes paleontology accessible to the general public using familiar (but wrong) dinosaur toys.

[@GoodLizardlicks]

"That's not scary, looks like a six foot turkey!" said by a kid who has never been chased by an angry tom in breeding season.

[@brandielee7971]

THANK YOU

[@shanedavid9923]

Here in Ireland we do not have wild turkeys, they are farmed but the farms are not common. What we do have, everywhere, are swans and an angry swan is not something you want to be around! If you go near a nest in a small boat or kayak they will come and attack you, it’s pretty easy to get knocked out of a small boat or capsize your kayak!

[@alpharabbit2353]

Damn straight. Normal turkeys are brutal already, but 6 feet? You dead

[@DM-ql6ps]

@@shanedavid9923 I've been attacked by swans before, definitely not fun.

[@RDSyafriyar]

My mother has been terrorized by a bunch of swans back when I was at a deer park. And I ended up laughing pretty hard because she wasn't aware how territorial they were.

[@liahansen6896]

i love how he says "renaissance" and then has to correct himself to "dinosaur renaissance". this is a man who truly cares about dinosaurs

[@panqueque445]

"Protoceratops chomps down on to velociraptor's right arm and holds on for the next 75 million years" That's quite the grudge. Must've been really mad at that raptor.

[@SHDUStudios]

Eh, dromaesaurs get a bad rap-tor.

[@jeffreygao3956]

@@SHDUStudios *spit take*

[@Anon26535]

To be fair, the little bastard was trying to eat her babies.

[@m1sty033]

@@SHDUStudios ha ha ha ha ha ha 😬

[@Raptorman0205]

Tbf I'd be pretty pissed too if I was stuck in some sand and some rando ran up behind me and jabbed a karambit into my jugular.

[@RickRaptor105]

You know Jurassic Park hugely warped the perception of this animal when the "inaccuracy explained" video is one hour long

[@pst5345]

You ignore the time gap of 17 years. 17 years of progressing investigation. You can easily line up the depictions of raptors in JP movies within that time gap and you will notice change according to popular knowledge as well. Ultimately movies will warp facts as much as they can to tell an interesting story. In the best case they initiate new interest in a subject. Public knowledge however is still slower than scientific publications. Just look at the number of papers he refers to. They are not as accessible as that bbc documentary from 5 years ago exploring T-Rex's and Velociraptor's behavior and anatomy. I wished I could have updates on documentaries as knowledge grows by somebody implementing a commentary similar to what ydaw is doing.

[@diegodankquixote-wry3242]

The legend

[@cthulhufhtagn2483]

Oh, hey! Big fan!

[@calvinosaurus4514]

Hey Rick! Have you ever considered making your own documentaries with JPOG or JWE?

[@LordPai]

@@pst5345 I have the headcanon that Jurassic Park realized they maybe had like Utahraptor or something and just wrote it off as a Velociraptor.

[@IronViking88]

I like that he has an appreciation for why the creative team of Jurassic Park made the decisions they did about how to portray velociraptor instead of just pedantically stopping at "this is inaccurate".

[@ezrawyrd9275]

A lesson that many reviewers and nitpickers should take to heart imo

[@joeessig3550]

Wood Hightower-which is really just reaching greater heights of nitpickyness and skepticism at a more universal scale; then you pop out the other end as utterly open-minded. Edit: Yes 100% I agree with you, forgot to mention that lol. Critics that love cheap shots miss out on more interesting conversations and conclusions.

[@xDinomanx]

Which is why Henry Wu in Jurassic World makes the argument that goes like this where he says "You didn't want reality, you wanted more teeth." Source: kzbin.info/www/bejne/jpK5lJ2Pl7RmeJI Case in point, nothing in Jurassic Park is 100% accurate. Many of the animals in the movies are VERY different to their real life counterparts. I still love the franchise in spite of this along with the movies because they are still incredibly fun to watch.

[@chrispy_091]

@@xDinomanx the clip explains perfectly why the 'dinosaurs' in Jurassic park aren't actually dinosaurs....yet people still complain anyways.....

[@fran3ro]

@@xDinomanx Jhon Hammond didn't want "more teeth" he wanted the real deal, something to show the people that wasn't a flea circus and to bring back those creatures, as if they were endangered species. I agree those weren't the real dinosaurs, but that quote doesn't fit in "Jurassic Park". "Jurassic World" I don't care, to me that movie blows.

[@teawrecks1243]

So Velociraptor wasn't an especially large dromaeosaur and actually was one of the relatively tiny ones, but it had the coolest-sounding name so now all dromaeosaurs are known as "raptors". Kind of like how people call all pterosaurs as "pterodactyls" even though the namesake Pterodactylus was a tiny little thing with a badass name.

[@jaschabull2365]

To be fair, I think Pterodactylus had just about every type of pterosaur shoehorned into it at one point. I guess Velociraptor had it kind of similar with Deinonychus being seen as part of it at one point, if memory serves correct.

[@griffinhunter3206]

@@jaschabull2365 At the time, it was debatable if the single deinonychus species deserved its own genus or if it should have been grouped in with the velociraptor genus, as Velociraptor antirrhopus.That false species Velociraptor antirrhopus was actually the velociraptor that Jurrassic park tried to recreate on the screen, rather than Velociraptor mongoliensis

[@wadespencer3623]

Pterodactylus was also the first named pterosaur and was used as a wastebasket taxon for a while... but also it is a very cool name, yes.

[@f.u.m.o.5669]

I prefer Deinonychus, but whatever.

[@Scallop2467]

I personally think that pyroraptor is the coolest name meaning fire thief (probably why it was in Jurassic world)

[@lukacvitkovic8550]

Never has anything been so successful at conveying the "dinosaurs were regular animals" image than that (relatively of course) simple animation of a Velociraptor picking up a ball Wonderful stuff

[@UnaPinata]

'velociraptor claws at protoceratops's stomach like a cat that didn't want it's belly petted' That sentence made me happy.

[@carnotv6136]

Let’s get an F for that protoceratops who’s friends couldn’t save him

[@crystalm8290]

F

[@annedavis3340]

F

[@AntonDiwa]

F

[@josiahb4483]

A

[@achillobator3888]

F

[@judsonbaker8128]

Steven must be so incredibly well-prepared for these episodes because it never looks like he’s reading anything.

[@RDSyafriyar]

15:18 - "But you can't just take a Deinonychus and scale it up to that size." Dakotaraptor: *Am I joke to you?*

[@nutyyyy]

Its a more robust animal. Much as a Lion isn't just a scaled up house cat.

[@jimkirkland5838]

well........................

[@Gasmaskmax]

the turtle incident...

[@tristannord5906]

well they did use the deinonychus size and body shape for the "velociraptor" in the movie

[@happybalint]

Or utahraptor

[@Sylfaenn]

“Maximum fluff velociraptor” is now one of my favourite expressions.

[@AlteryxGaming]

Definitely wasn’t expecting an hour long episode, but it was absolutely fantastic!

[@MungkaeX]

Alteryx me either. I was just watching and after about 15 minutes was like, “hmmm how much longer is this...what?!?”

[@joshuaclabeaux1470]

@@MungkaeX Yeah, I had that reaction, too. But come on, Velociraptor Mongoliensis is one of the most famous and well-loved dinosaurs today. As you can see, many people sent them Velociraptor toys and there is SO MUCH to say about them, especially when he's got so many toys to critique.

[@ivankadump2539]

Absolutely superb.

[@Cronta90]

With so much controversy about how VR actually looked like I'm not surprised of the lenght of the episode

[@tscream80]

It makes sense, considering just how much there is to unpack with this dinosaur.

[@sophia-helenemeesdetricht1957]

I think the split pupil thing has more to do with the fact that it evokes a sense of danger in our minds. We automatically fear things with slit pupils. I call it the Sauron effect.

[@darkstarr984]

They’re things that generally can see in the dark, which we can’t. It’s different from us to a strong degree. So it makes it scary. I like slit pupils.

[@tristenconrad3817]

Anyone else super pumped about the new Spinosaurus tail that was discovered? Palaeontologists think it had a crocodile like tail now making Spinosaurus much more aquatic than previously thought before! Would be cool to see a new Spinosaurus episode now

[@cactusgamingyt9960]

Talking about spinosaurus, ducks, geese and swans are pretty convergently similar to spinosaurus. They're both diving fish eaters, both theropods, both have short legs and a strange neck and they also might've had webbed toes!

[@JonPITBZN]

Spinosaurus is an ideal animal for a show like 7 Days of Science (5-10 minutes of content, weekly) and a worst-case scenario for a show like Your Dinosaurs Are Wrong (1 hour per dino forever). Because they change Spinosaurus on a weekly basis, after which Your Dinosaurs Are Wrong itself becomes wrong.

[@YourDinosaursAreWrong]

Corrections! aka Your Dinosaurs Are Wrong was Wrong: - The rods in dromaeosaurids' tails are NOT ossified tendons, they are elongated parts of the vertebrae themselves. - The Wang, et al. Anchiornis paper was 2017, not 2019. - I said Mongolia "declared independence" from the USSR; they were never part of the union, though their democratic revolution coincided with its breakup. . If you like our stuff, and would like to help us keep making it, please consider chipping in over at patreon.com/YDAW, or taking a look at our products at www.etsy.com/shop/YDAWtheShop, or by buying Steven a coffee at ko-fi.com/ydawtheshow . All proceeds go back into making the videos you see here!

[@Hoshimaru57]

So no frog DNA, but how about crocodilian surrogate DNA? Would that be reasonable you think?

[@bkjeong4302]

Some other corrections plus notes; - the 2007 paper on Deinonychus not actually hunting Tenontosaurus or hunting cooperatively makes a few errors; it assumed that crocodilians are incapable of hunting cooperatively (when they are capable of it, albeit only on an opportunistic basis) and that pack hunting in diapsids is basically not possible (aside from crocodilians Harris's hawks and various piscivorous birds debunk this), it assumed that infighting rules out cooperative behaviour (it doesn't, as can be seen in various non-mammalian cooperative hunters), and it fails to take into account why no such assemblages of Deinonychus have been found around other herbivores (you'd expect scavenging to take place around any large carcass). So pack hunting is far from off the cards yet, though permanent family groupings are out. - Studies of intelligence in dromaeosaurs, and dinosaurs in general, are likely giving lower figures than their actual intelligence, as they rely entirely on brain size and anatomy, two factors that give unrealistically low intelligence estimates in living sauropsids.

[@joshuaclabeaux1470]

Mongolia wasn't officially part of the Soviet Union, but the Soviet authorities did try to boss them around as if it was. Case-in-point: Cyrillic script being forced upon the Mongolian language, which already had its own script.

[@mistingwolf]

Skimmer birds have slit pupils, so there's that!

[@fishbot9902]

hay about the idea of changing bird scutes to be feathers has been done since before the 13th century the silkie chicken also there is a gene that when present in chickens course them to lose most if not all of their feathers it also removes the scutes as well also dinochickens cool shit

[@annedavis3340]

I do think they did the head shape change because it looked "stronger." Incidentally, that muscular bulking is precisely why I personally think leopard seals look REALLY scary, compared to what other seals look like. (Seals in general look cute, and then there are leopard seals, with a lot of bulk on their heads). I think the filmmakers were trying to give an impression of bite strength, or skull resiliency during a bite. Or something.

[@paulm3952]

Leopard Seals are terrifying. If you are ever in the water with one, you should be very careful.

[@annedavis3340]

@@paulm3952 yeah. Apparently scientists have recently been having problems with leopard seals because they've started testing humans as a prey type. There's only been like 1 death so far, and that was a couple years ago now, but the scientists had to change their rafts because the old design was being punctured by leopard seals etc etc etc

[@punished_gooner]

@everyone leopard seals almost never attack humans. they're efficient predators and like any other predator caution should be advised but you're unlikely to be attacked by one. there are far more instances of divers interacting with them without incident, even playing with them. don't spread fear regarding the seal because you find its appearance "terrifying"

[@turkeygod6665]

@@punished_gooner People have the right to fear pretty much any animal. They rarely attack yes, but still being in water with one would still be a terrifying experience. We should not demonize predators but we also need to understand its perfectly reasonable to be afraid. A leopard seal could easily kill a human, and that alone is reason for fear. Even if the chances are unlikely.

[@MylotheZooLovingScientist]

@hired goon - I don’t think Anne is guilty of any fear-mongering here. I actually had no idea anyone had ever been killed by a leopard seal before; videos of filmmakers swimming with them and interacting with them make the animals appear downright docile (except to penguins, of course). I think it’s important to have, at the very least, an understanding of what a predatory animal is capable of doing to a human. @ Anne - Fitting that leopard seals have sometimes been described as having a reptilian appearance, no?

[@Blackratsnake]

May I suggest Iguanodon? Being the second dinosaur ever described, and having gone through many changes, I think it would be a good candidate for a review.

[@clockworkkirlia7475]

Yes! I know it doesn't exactly hold up in any sense, but I absolutely adored Dinosaur as a kid and Iguanodon was my favourite dinosaur. Thumb-claws up!

[@RaptorJay]

That be neat, though it is shown literally at the end of every episode of its looks over the years. But I still be down for one.

[@barbarjinx3802]

What about megalosaurus?

[@tscream80]

I've always wanted to send them toys based on the Crystal Palace dinosaurs, particularly Iguanodon and Megalosaurus. Those have been hard to find, however.

[@Deinobi]

@@RaptorJay rator jesus, when is your birthday? Is it called raptormas?

[@OpreanMircea]

I find it interesting, because in Romanian, a Latin language, "a raptorial bird" is called a kidnapping bird, when you said that "raptor" mean "snacher" I made the connection

[@PestoPosta]

Why do I get the feeling that Velociraptors were the cats of their era. Cat-birds... Velociraptors were cat-birds...

[@RDSyafriyar]

And some have the feeling we still have cat-birds to this day. Owls might just be one of the cutest raptors to look at. UvU

[@HappyBeezerStudios]

Would explain them to be solitary but being able to work in groups for larger prey if necessary.

[@TwinklesTheChinchilla]

So it's going to scratch up your car hood, crap on the windshield, and spray the tires?

[@an0rangutan]

They probably weren't assholes like cats. But I've never met a velociraptor, so I dunno if they were assholes or not

[@Elios0000]

turkey-cats

[@marcustulliuscicero5443]

So Velociraptor neither had high velocity nor was especially raptorial.

[@vladprus4019]

Cat-turkey would be much more fitting name.

[@markusnavergard2387]

i am gonna sue them for false advertisment

[@bkjeong4302]

The idea Raptor Prey Restraint rules out killing prey larger than themselves is false, given that eagles can use RPR to kill animals multiple times their weight. Not to mention we have that Velociraptor vs. Protoceratops fossil. Also, Velociraptor is still faster than an average human adult at around 40kmh, so while it's not an especially fast dinosaur, it's not sluggish by any means.

[@AarowSwift]

Well, it was, just not in marathon runner terms. It would have been able to perform fast but short bursts of speed to pounce on prey, and it's way of dispatching prey was right on par with a Golden Eagle: snatch and stab.

[@Crembaw]

That hand and foot movement looked impressive to me compared to what I’ve come to expect from dinosaurs.

[@dvd5542]

Knowing a golden eagle is about 4 kg, and their tallons are HUGE. I would be running like Forest Gump when encountering a 20kg weighing ground bound golden eagle with razor sharp teeth!

[@LadyBrightcynder]

Something I really love about this series is how the structure of feathers is broken down. I draw birds and dinosaurs a lot and I sometimes find just looking at reference images of actual wings are a little overwhelming, so it's nice to see wing structure so gradually and carefully broken down here! Glad you're back!

[@darkstarr984]

It’s very good. And admittedly the main reason I took a bird biology class.

[@tscream80]

Well worth the wait.

[@TwinklesTheChinchilla]

Just to hear him say MAXIMUM FLUFF Velociraptor was worth it.

[@ipercalisse579]

@@TwinklesTheChinchilla ahahahha true

[@GenjiKoi]

It's always refreshing to watch this show, I didn't even realize it was an hour long because I was just entranced by the facts that I did not yet know about Velociraptor. The new set looks amazing, and the room in the beginning is exquisitely put together. I was waiting the entire week for this video, and I'm happy it came. The animations look beautiful, and I feel like Steven has been growing in his art. I personally want to grow into paleo artistry, and this show helps me as to learn what I can with limited sources and small range of interests. Your Dinosaurs Are Wrong captivated me from the first time I had ever watched it, and I have even used the carnotaurus video for my research in school where we had to write our own news articles. My english teacher, and I don't mean to praise myself, said "It was a college paper report". I simply said "Most of my information came from YDAW and the sources cited". And it was, I look forward every day for the next video, and if i was able to use patreon, I would give $30 a week, and not regret it knowing that it goes toward education on dinosaurs, which are all too often portrayed outdated. I also appreciate that this show doesn't hate on Jurassic Park, and rather fixes the silver screen beasts. I personally, am a huge fan of Jurassic Park, and I do know that the dinosaurs are outdated. In the end, they are less of dinosaurs and more of movie monsters. Fixing the pubic eye is hard, especially when one does not have a great way to spread the facts. The algorithm is harsh, and coming from some random fan probably doesn't mean much, but, This is the greatest educational show of dinosaurs, ever. Period. Keep up the awe- inspiring work, we all love the time and effort that goes into these videos. Thank you, so so so so, SO much for creating Your Dinosaurs Are Wrong.

[@renistakingtwo6492]

Wow now this is appreciation

[@bloodangel9403]

The Beasts of the Mesozoic Raptor series has the most scientifically accurate raptors I've ever seen. And they are fully articulated!

[@anomalocaristheabnormalshr3248]

I have some! They’re awesome!

[@brandielee7971]

I have one and love it

[@williamsnekspeare3090]

Move the jaw with care, or itll freaking explode

[@nick3xtremegaming212]

"Their active whenever they're hungry" me: Well of course i know him hes me

[@WaterShowsProd]

Extra point for the Obi-Wan reference.

[@smokecity6889]

33:43 I like how he says "and for nothing else"

[@IStillJustLikeCats]

That laugh/scoff afterwards too gave the statement a very "because screw this thing and all its inaccuracies" vibe to it. lol

[@TyrannosaurusRex5027]

At long last, the best dinosaur series on KZbin returns!

[@fuzzyzombielove]

Oviraptor was an entirely separate dinosaur characterized by its birdlike crests and toothless beak. It was first described by Henry Fairfield Osborn in 1924. It was found near what was believed to be the remains of protoceratops nest and given it's name meaning "egg snatcher." Osborn himself noted that the name might be misleading as it's proximity to the nest didn't necessarily mean it was ovivorous. In the 90's new fossil discoveries showed that Oviraptor was in fact, tending it's own eggs and not pilfering protoceratops'. Reconstructions suggest oviraptor was also, like, totally adorable.

[@danibananni4347]

I love how you use the toy dinosaurs as a visual for comparing different inaccurate representations over the years to the actual evidence we have! (I also laughed at 33:37; the little red/yellow one is identical to one of my favorite toys as a kid and it's hilarious to see it so rightfully roasted.)

[@sarah-8]

ITS BACK BOYS GET THE POPCORN

[@MidnightMoon2267]

I got the Dark Wing Duck reference. Let’s get dangerous.

[@thatrealpotato8795]

43:28 I love this so much that he gets so excited to give his source, knowing if he didn’t people would call him out for saying something “without evidence”

[@jessehutchings]

The fighting dinosaurs specimen truly is amazing

[@BrazenSolar]

This brings me great pleasure. I'm loving the amount of detail in this - A year ago I don't know if I would have thought I'd be so interested in the palaeontological history of Mongolia.

[@cinnamonsugarcourtney6073]

I am the Shadow that flaps in the night! Very unexpected reference. Love that this is up.

[@MungkaeX]

“I am the Confounding Variable in your Doctoral Thesis.”

[@mrbyzantine0528]

Best part is Ducktales got a reboot in 2017 and the third season is set to release this month!

[@skepticalbadger]

@Lion Licks Darkwing Duck?

[@brandielee7971]

@Lion Licks Darkwing duck is a Disney cartoon. Daffy Duck is a Warner Brothers cartoon. Dark wing is a sort of mock of Batman, and came out in 1990. It's part of the Ducktails universe, and there is some crossover episodes with the original Ducktails from 1987.

[@BlackReshiram]

OH GOD YES. AN ENTIRE HOUR OF VELOCIRAPTOR ANALYSIS.

[@paulbabcock2428]

I was so glad to hear him mention Roy Chapman Andrews after bringing up getting fossils from Mongolia. I was obsessed w dinosaurs in the fourth grade. And Roy Chapman Andrews was a particular hero of mine back then.

[@JoeBingty]

Truthfully, there isn't another biological science channel that I can think of where I learn as much and am as glued to the screen as this one. Thank you so much for all the work that you and your partner put into these!

[@laurachapple6795]

Holy crap, I see why this one took you so long! This is practically a documentary. The animation is beautiful and the new set looks great. My personal theory about the Jurassic Park dinosaurs is that their first attempts actually *did* look like real velociraptors, but the scientists thought they looked stupid and added more lizard DNA to the next attempt.

[@mrbyzantine0528]

Scientists: Okay, we can try to make a dinosaur replica, and birds are th best bet. Park advisor: It better be something people want to see, considering the sum they pay to get out here! Scientists: Yeah, yeah, fine, we'll keep that in mind. *Makes bribdino* Dammit! It's accurate to our latest knowledge yet too damn cute! The advisors will never accept this! *Tries again with lizard dna* Okay, that's much more of a 'terrible lizard', right? Advisor: We can advertise this. Also, your puns suck.

[@jasonvoorhees5180]

That’s nice and all but it has nothing to do with why the raptors look the way they do in the movies

[@melanoc3tusii205]

@@jasonvoorhees5180 ...

[@Patherfinder1234]

thank you so much for using scientific anatomical terms. I'm in med school and you teaching supinating vs pronating is helping me identify the purpose and naming of muscle groups within the arm. keep up the excellent work!

[@billnye9552]

I don't know about others, but I find the scientifically accurate Velociraptor much scarier. My reasoning is, it's like a spider, small and can easily disappear. That's so much worse than the big turkeys they had in Jurassic Park.

[@bubbydindins9647]

Bill Nye plus blood stains on feathers easily. Terrifying

[@vladprus4019]

Possible "things" on head, naked head and neck? Nocturnal ambush p[redator with possibly slight pupils during day? I'm calling velociraptors cat-turkeys now.

[@annedavis3340]

Catturkies. I can dig it.

[@an0rangutan]

But why though, they have nothing in common with cats, except MAYBE their eyes. This is even worse than people comparing Owls to cats.

[@EmperorDixon]

Turkats

[@justashark776]

@@an0rangutan Dromaeosaurs are the closest thing to cats dinosaurs have ever produced.

[@vmdraco]

All hail Maximum Fluff Raptor (• ⌣ •❀)

[@diegodankquixote-wry3242]

Soft bois

[@ItsARandomDragon]

**Fluff intensifies**

[@5spec]

All hawil objectiwely bwterr rawptowrs uwu

[@katyungodly]

Fwuffy vewociwaptuh bois OωO

[@markhughes8643]

Fluff cult time, boys.

[@SirClicks.]

“Maximum fluff velociraptor” never thought I’d hear that before.

[@michaelwade6475]

Me: In the middle of quarantine bored on a Sunday YDAW:hey here’s a hour long video on velociraptor

[@DarthCaedus7]

I sent the orange one!

[@lukeskywalkerjediknight2125]

DarthCaedus cool, i love that feathered raptor toy

[@reecehandley928]

I was enamoured from start to finish , this sort of subject matter will always be quite dry so can only thank you for the jovial way in which you deliver it . Keep up the great work

[@starrbeasts]

i’m autistic and often have trouble keeping up with fast-paced information and big flashy videos, like most of the things on youtube rn. these videos take it slow and gentle, and the music and the way you speak is very soft. i love it a lot! :D

[@aidanpurcell783]

16:07 I love how you can SEE him thinking about that scene from JP

[@TrashFireSpectator]

A whole hour? Yesss. Thank you!

[@joschuaknuppe5849]

*clapping a lot at the end*

[@anomalocaristheabnormalshr3248]

Hi Josh! Big fan of your work!

[@dr.masiaka7048]

I'm a simple man, when I see Joschua Knüppe commenting on a video, I comment too.

[@emilyvalentine4565]

I was 51 minutes through and I thought I had barely touched 20, hopefully that speaks to the quality of this incredible episode.

[@Ryukai-san]

Personally I'd go with the swan comparison. Those things are freeking vicious and aggressive enough without teeth, giant claws and a penchant for raw meat!! Also, Your Spinosaurus Is 'NOW' wrong!!! :P That huge Swimming Tail they found looks Fabulous!!!!!!! Pleeeeeease!

[@joearnold6881]

Now I’m terrified of soaring turkeys.

[@brandielee7971]

You should be. I grew up around wild turkeys and just. No. You couldn't pay me to get near a six foot turkey. Nope.

[@mattr2238]

So am I, considering that turkeys are incapable of soaring flight

[@chiptankgirl]

Fantastic! It's beautiful. I want to show it to everyone I know. I want to make this required viewing for being my friend.

[@themesoceneofficial8559]

Fact: even thought they say that velociraptor DNA was used in Jurassic park, the Jurassic park raptors are much closer to the Achillobator.

[@skepticalbadger]

That may be so, but it was consciously based upon Deinonychus, using the Velociraptor name.

[@tyreeya_boi868]

JonMacFhearghuis also dakotaraptor

[@amfvideos6810]

@@tyreeya_boi868 Dakotaraptor wasn't actually discovered until 2015.

[@lisamaitland157]

That movie claimed, they used Frog DNA to Fill in a lot = This should have either killed the fetus, or by luck a viable animal. but it would not be dinosaur..

[@andymac4883]

Wooo, I'm so glad I'm not the only one to have noticed this! Achillobator finds are even reasonably close to the areas Velociraptor was found in, so (unintentional as it was on the part of Crichton) it's entirely possible they accidentally cloned the as-yet unknown Achillobator and assumed it was a Velociraptor.

[@ItsARandomDragon]

Scientists and archeologists: raptors had feathers Some people: NAH MATE

[@robertculen2949]

Paleontologists**

[@HTTYD_Grunt-Garby_56]

​@@robertculen2949 same thing brah

[@martijn9568]

​@@HTTYD_Grunt-Garby_56 They both dig in the ground, but that's about where the similarities end.

[@londoncintron680]

I’m loving the new intro! I also happen to own the raptor with the oversized feathers (the one with pronated hands) , though I’d love to have a more accurate feathered V-raptor in my collection

[@RDSyafriyar]

Then try checking out "Beasts of the Mesozoic" by Creative Beast Studio. They have a vast lineup of figures about accurately feathered dromaeosaurs, plus the feather patterns on each different raptor figure they made are based on those of birds.

[@redwa11er]

Search Beasts of the Mesozoic. He's made a whole series of scientifically accurate raptor figures.

[@londoncintron680]

I searched them up and I really love their _V. mongoliensis_ personally. I’ve seen they’re also making a _Protoceratops_ which would go just perfectly together! Now to wait for an _Oviraptor._

[@Gunslinger-tf9qk]

I actually just ordered the Black Velociraptor Mongoliensis. I cant wait for it to get here. Probably will have to pick up protoceratops too.

[@itsahostiletakeover]

I can attest that the BOTM Raptors are fantastic. I have their Pyroraptor and Zhenyuanlong as well as one of the raptor chick packs and they're all great display pieces. A bit pricey but you get what you pay for certainly. I ordered eight of the ceratopsians for their Kickstarter last year and they have alrwady announced they are doing a tyrannosaur line next, gonna meed more shelf space lol. As for a cheaper raptor, safariltd.com just released a great Deinonychus at a very reasonable price, $12-13 I think.

[@Pyre001]

My favourite reconstruction is the one by Fred Wierum because it's just so damn cute. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velociraptor#/media/File:Velociraptor_Restoration.png

[@cthulhufhtagn2483]

DANGER DUCK

[@mrbyzantine0528]

That's so fucking cute I'mma go punch a tree to feel manly again!

[@eliburry-schnepp6012]

Wierum's dinosaur art is so lifelike. Hartman might be my overall favorite but he and Willoughby are close behind

[@Unethical.Dodgson]

It's also equally as inaccurate as portraying it as a scaley boy like JPark.

[@cryptidliam8452]

Cao Cao Games how-

[@CloudedByKatana]

"Bird's eyes are just objectively excellent" You can simplify that sentence to "Birds are just objectively excellent"

[@grahamsmith2022]

The amount of KZbinrs that can make a video over an hour long AND hold your attention I can count on one hand,what a fascinating chap,well done sir,bravo!!

[@--Paws--]

I always envision these and its relatives to be fluffy like a turkey or a at least like the Egyptian Vulture.

[@VEZOK54]

_Paws_ But would they taste like turkey? 🤔

[@Unethical.Dodgson]

Dinos in this family would likely be somewhat fluffy in a weird kinda way. Dinosaur feathers were precursors to modern bird feathers. Not quite developed enough to look like the slick bird wing feathers that we have today. On one side. People envision these animals with thick plumage and graceful flight feathers. On the other side. People envision them as hard scaled animals. The truth is likely rather in between. Modern birds do also have scales but only on their legs and some modern birds do still have feathers that are not quite the same as the regular display and flight feathers. Add to that for some reason people assume that because one or two species of dinosaur had feathers that they all must have had them. That's also incorrect. But in short. Velo was feathered. But it didn't look like a pigeon.

[@HappyBeezerStudios]

Those arm and tail feathers look a bit like a spoiler. Probably to help balancing and doing tight turns.

[@ipercalisse579]

@@VEZOK54 I started laughing hysterically

[@theexchipmunk]

@@Unethical.Dodgson Yeah, if you are looking for the closest approximation to what a lot of dino fathers probably looked like, its the Emu. Those stringy more furry than father like feather are probably what a lot of dino fathers would have looked like. Made as insulation and protection from the environment, not flight. So Dinos were mostly fuzzy.

[@MarioLanzas.]

so great to see you back . and upgraded!

[@bobthepotato4264]

Hi! Amazing illustrations! I love your videos, keep up the incredible work!

[@Heartogold42]

Absolutely love these videos, they push me to be an even bigger dino-nerd! I'm curious, you've said quite a few times that most dinosaurs couldn't pronate, so I guess that raises the question, which ones could? Thanks, and keep up the great work!

[@that_megan]

The Darkwing Duck reference made me incredibly happy.

[@thedukeofchutney468]

I really love this show

[@feldspar393]

Tentosaurus: *exists* Deinonychus: it’s free real estate

[@astphaire]

god i hate reddit

[@bendykirby4828]

"I'll have a picture of Tenontosaurus." "How original..." "...That's being attacked by a pack of Deinonychus." "Daring today, aren't we?"

[@goldybays8654]

I've been watching all the super old videos of YDAW and oml this series has evolved so much

[@trevorgonzalez2616]

He's like the quirky paleology professor that I always wanted but never had

[@Fishy_VA]

Nobody: Paleo nerds during quarantine: 0:25

[@TheBottegaChannel]

Not gonna lie, I need that as a ringtone for my phone.

[@lukeskywalkerjediknight2125]

Comicdude 252 xD

[@Muskoxing]

Never clicked on a notification so fast in my life

[@evelynlamoy8483]

I like the maximum fluff comment about feather covering. Velociraptor most likely wasn't that densely covered but the fun thing to think about is some dinosaurs probably would be. For species that lived in the more extreme latitudes, being very fluffy was probably a must. So there was likely some kind of raptor that was just a poofed up little chicken trying to stay warm

[@DemitriVladMaximov]

"What evil lurks in the hearts of men? The Shadow knows." "I'm the terror that flaps in the night..." Yes I get both references.

[@augustine5579]

Definitely worth the wait, this has been one of the best YDAW videos.

[@Hoshimaru57]

That one being shown at 29:00 made me really excited when I saw it the first time at my local museum. I honestly contemplated buying one and sending it to you with a “Hey! I think we’ve got a really good one here!” The same company (Safari Ltd I think), also does a Deinocheirus of this kind of paleontological accuracy.

[@Quickstrike94]

Safari LTD in general releases pretty accurate figures nowadays. Their main sculptor, Doug Watson, is a pretty chill dude who makes sure to go directly to the paleontologists that worked on the dinosaur in question. One of the few things that makes him grumpy is people assuming he screwed up without actually double checking the genuine fossil either in person or having someone else in person do it like he did. Their Sarcosuchus and Edmontosaurus releases this year were really cool... and their Deinonychus is beautiful. Yes, all three were done by him and he also did the Velociraptor in the episode (the orange one with feathers) as well as the Deinocheirus mentioned in the comment above me.

[@anomalocaristheabnormalshr3248]

I have their Carnotaurus and Velociraptor!

[@clockworkkirlia7475]

I'm so glad this is still running! When I found the old 2013 videos I was worried it wouldn't be. It's super interesting, I love the detail and artistry, and it's lovely to see someone so respectfully critical while educating. Also, the delivery is top-notch.

[@WaterShowsProd]

This was a particularly great episode. Coincidentally I recently did a 3-D model of a velociraptor (admittedly scaled up for dramatic effect) and you addressed some of the very questions I had while making it: for example whether the teeth were exposed, and what the pupils should be like. Lot's of great tips, which I think I'll be going back to correct. Funny enough I started off with one reference drawing and about half-way through realised it was Jurassic Park and then found a paleo-art rendering of a skeleton with a silhouette and had to rip the model apart and reshape everything to match. It was also interesting to finally know why I didn't hear about velociraptor until I was in my twenties. I remember the first time hearing about this dinosaur from a co-worker who was reading Jurassic Park, which he told me was going to be a made into a movie. Having always been a huge fan of dinosaurs I was surprised I didn't know about velociraptors, and now I know it's because even western scientists were only just getting to know them at that time. And just before watching this I was talking to someone about the iguanodon species found in Thailand Sirintorana Koratosensis, because he wants to do a special about the dinosaurs of Nakhon Ratchasima, and I was telling him how iguanodon was the first dinosaur known to scientists, so the closing animation was another coincidence.

[@dylanlock2447]

...or frog DNA.... I loved that reaction!!!

[@petrfedor1851]

This is the best episode you made. For now.

[@ExperimenturalVideos]

Possibly the funniest part of being a fan of your channel, with a connective tissue disorder, is whenever you tell us to do something with our hands, and show what it can't do or shouldn't do or SHOULD do and mine almost never does what's described. I don't know why it's a highlight of my day. Apparently I fail at the grasp thing.

[@tagg218]

This channel is the perfect blend of hard science nerdy and fun nerdy.

[@mayajade6198]

Yaaaay! Welcome back! This video is so long that the first ten recommended videos next to it are full-length movies. Great work! I know from experience how much effort goes into a huge project like this episode, especially when you only have a small team. You guys absolutely killed it! You really have a talent for making even the longest and densest videos fly past, and your animations just keep getting better and better! The new intro is so cute, and it's a really small thing, but I really liked hearing that adorable background music again. It was really cool to see the process behind making this episode before it came out, and I can't wait to see what you do next!

[@TheGreatWolfYT]

My favourite series is back!

[@livelife5763]

HAPPY DAYS ARE HERE AGAIN!! seriously tho, was worried i found YDAW too late but its good to see new uploads

[@crazydragy4233]

At first I thought the video was long but it flew by in the background. The production is simple yet neat, lovely work!

[@bradelkey6629]

Great episode! Thank you for all the hard work you put into this, it really comes through in the final product.

[@MajorBubbly]

great video, I loved the model scene of how the dinosaur fighting fossil took place. i can really see why this episode took so long to put together and the outcome was really good.

[@sewisinc.4545]

Oh, wow, I just realized you reviewed my ever-since-I-was-a-kid favorite dinosaur on my birthday. Neat coincidence. You changed some of the ideas I had with him and though I still have to take them in I appreciate the fact that I know more about this amazing dinosaur. Thanks.

[@benbaker5374]

This is my first time watching one of these videos... man, that opening sequence is so creative and hilarious. So good!

[@Philoceratops]

Possibly your best vid to date! Love the effort put in!

[@jabronick]

You put so much work and time into this show and it always turns out incredibly good, glad it's back! :)

[@AlexIsModded]

50:30 - I'm in full agreement that because velociraptor wasn't built to run fast, it was probably an ambush predator at somewhat close range. Given that we know from fossil evidence that it might have preyed on protoceratops, and that protoceratops didn't have strong vision, velociraptor could probably get pretty close undetected before pouncing. Interestingly, Jurassic Park actually depicts their version of velociraptor sneaking up on their prey and pouncing, rather than chasing them down. To this day I think this is brilliant.

[@ricardoteg]

"I did not include it because it's speculation and also heartbreaking". I'm so glad I found this channel

[@triccele]

Yay! It's finally here! I was waiting so long for this episode, and I'm quite happy is finally out

[@yuudaemones2624]

Bewildered by how informative, comprehensive, and well-measured this presentation was. Insta-liked-and-subscribed.

[@GojiGuru]

Thank you for linking to all of the scientific papers you referenced-much appreciated!

[@ten-chan1015]

Velociraptor picking up a deflated ball is very adorable.

[@r4fide]

Great episode, really came together wonderfully!